Sophocles was an ancient Greek playwright, widely regarded as one of the greatest tragedians of classical antiquity. Born in Colonus, near Athens, he significantly influenced Greek drama, particularly through his refinement of tragic structure and character development. His works, which explore themes such as fate, free will, and human suffering, remain foundational in Western literature. Of his estimated 120 plays, only seven have survived in complete form, including the renowned Theban plays. Sophocles introduced significant innovations to Greek tragedy, including the addition of a third actor, reducing the role of the chorus, and deepening character complexity. His most famous works include Oedipus Rex, Antigone, and Electra, which masterfully depict the tension between divine will and human agency. Oedipus Rex, arguably his most famous play, tells the tragic story of Oedipus, a man fated to kill his father and marry his mother. The play is a powerful exploration of fate and self-discovery, establishing dramatic irony as a key literary device. Antigone, another masterpiece, portrays a conflict between individual conscience and state power, with its titular heroine defying a king's decree to honor her fallen brother. These works have influenced countless playwrights and philosophers, from Aristotle to modern dramatists. Sophocles' contributions to drama set new standards for character development and narrative structure. His plays introduced psychological depth, making his protagonists more relatable and complex. Aristotle, in his Poetics, praised Oedipus Rex as the epitome of tragic storytelling, particularly for its effective use of plot and catharsis. Beyond literature, Sophocles played an active role in Athenian society, serving as a general and holding various public offices. His works reflect the political and philosophical concerns of his time, addressing issues of morality, leadership, and destiny. His influence extends to later literary traditions, with his themes and storytelling techniques echoed in Renaissance and modern theater.