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WHEN Dr. S. P. Langley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, established the Children's Room in that great museum, he took for his motto, "Knowledge begins in wonder," and he put into this room a selection of specimens especially intended to excite interest in the young mind.
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A Word to Teachers and Parents
When Dr. S. P. Langley, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, established the Children's Room in that great museum, he took for his motto, "Knowledge begins in wonder," and he put into this room a selection of specimens especially intended to excite interest in the young mind. The biggest bird and the littlest were placed side by side; curious eggs, nests, and insects—not many in number, but temptingly displayed—were ranged about to attract attention and to awake the desire to know more. It was the same Dr. Langley who had once declared that his chief interests in life were children and fairy stories, and it is in the little Washington room that we seem to find the thought embodied, for the children are there, and the fairy stories of nature are suggested on every hand.
It is with Dr. Langley's motto in mind that the "Little Garden Calendar" is offered to[vi] parents and teachers, and to children themselves who are old enough to read. The author has tried to tell in simple language a few of the wonders of plant life, and to set down certain easy methods of observation, including planting, tending, and gathering the harvests, from month to month, throughout the year. Along with this it has been his aim to call attention to the more curious characteristics of certain plants—the really human instincts and habits of some, the family relations of others, the dependence of many upon mankind, animals, and insects, and the struggle for existence of all. Simple botany plays a part in the little narrative, which forms a continuous story from chapter to chapter, interwoven with a number of briefer stories—traditions, fairy tales, and the like, all relating to plant life and origin. These are presented by way of entertainment—to illuminate fact with fancy—to follow, as it were, the path of knowledge through the garden of imagination.
The illustrations in this book are from excellent[vii] photographs—especially made for the various chapters—that the student of plant life may compare and identify with some degree of assurance as to varieties and particular specimens, especially in the matter of plant organisms. The volume is divided according to the calendar, for the reason that in the plant world there is interest for every month in the year if only someone is by to point the way, and it is for this purpose that the little story of Prue and Davy and their garden is offered to instructors in the schoolroom and at home, and to the young people themselves, with the greetings and good wishes of
The Author.
[viii]
[ix]
CONTENTS
PAGE
January,13
IYou may begin your garden right away
IIYour garden may not look as I have it here
IIIMany seeds are given wings
IVI think seeds know the months
February,43
ILittle plants won't stand much handling
IIHey for the merry little sweet pease
IIIEven clover belongs to the pulse family
IVBeans and morning-glories twine to the right
VThe honeysuckle twines always to the left
March,73
IStill it was really a radish
IIThe sun swings like a great pendulum
IIILong before there were any railroads and cities
IVDid you ever see the little man in the pansy?
[x] April,103
IThe yellow dust is a food for the seed
IIThe coming of the corn
IIICross by name and cross by nature
IVA peppery family
VFor in that dish was Davy's corn
May,131
ISweet pease have to be put down pretty deep
IIDifferent families of ants have different droves of
cows
IIIThere are many ways of producing species
June,159
IThen they went down into the strawberry patch
IIHow the rose became queen
IIIThe sun is the greatest of all
July,187
IA plant is divided into three principal parts
IIThere are exogens and endogens
IIII don't see what weeds are for, anyway
[xi] August,211
IThere are just two kinds of leaves
IISometimes I think plants can see and hear
IIIThere are plants which do not bloom
IVThe princess by the sea
September,241
IA flower really has clothes
IIA flower has many servants
IIIA flower may really reason
IVSome flowers live off other flowers and plants
VThe prince and the thread of gold
October,267
ISeeds are made to be planted
IIThere are bitter nuts and sweet ones
IIIThere are many things called fruits
November,291
IThere are annuals, biennials, and perennials
IIPlants know how to spread
IIIAll thanks for the plants
[xii] December,313
INew gardens in the windows
IITo the garden of sleep
IIIIn the gardens of Christmas
IVSome verses, and then good-by
[xiii]
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
Frontispiece
Davy's window—Prue's window19
The beans at the end of two weeks23
The morning-glories two weeks old27
The pot of radishes35
The pease two weeks old37
The corn at the end of two weeks47
The pease run up straight ladders53
A member of the pulse family59
The morning-glory twines to the right65
The nasturtiums began to hide the little pot75
The very small lettuce leaves81
Davy's pot of radishes93
"Davy's corn sent out a plume at the top"97
"The morning-glories had bloomed and already had seed
pods"113
[xiv] "Cabbage" was the fat fellow's name115
"They called it nasturtium"121
Alyssum—the sweetest of the "Cross" family123
"Don't you think the blackberry looks a little like a wild
rose?"135
"And the apple blossom, too?"139
Budding149
The Chief Gardener's strawberries161
Big, big berries that looked so good165
The rose stamens and pistil which produce the seed175
"Gardeners often take a rose of one kind and shake it
gently over a rose of another kind"178
"Sometimes the gardener takes up the pollen on a soft
brush and lays it gently on the stigma of another
rose"179
The pistil and stamens of the lily192
A pistil and calyx and a complete flower193
A group of endogens—the lily, hyacinth, and daffodil195
Some simple leaves217
Pine-needles are leaves218
[xv] There is a lot of kinds and shapes221
"Beware of the vine with the three-part leaf"253
The dandelion is bound to spread its seed256
"So it blooms below the lawn-mower's cutting-wheel"257
"They cling to everything that passes"269
Three members of the acorn family277
The apple is a calyx. The pistil is the core inside of it283
A raspberry is a cluster of pistils without the core285
The seed and sets of the onion295
A black raspberry vine preparing to spread299
"What are stuck-ins?—oh, slips!"301
The wool that grows on the sheep's back is there because
the sheep feeds on the green grass in summer307
A Japanese fern-ball316
The kind of a tree that nobody but Santa Claus ever raises323
[xvi]
[11]
JANUARY
[12]
[13]
A LITTLE GARDEN CALENDAR
JANUARY
I
YOU MAY BEGIN YOUR GARDEN RIGHT AWAY
THIS is the story of a year, and begins on New Year's day. It is the story of a garden—a little garden—and of a little boy and girl who owned the garden, and of the Chief Gardener, who helped them.
And the name of the little boy was David, after his grandfather. So they called him Davy, because when grandfather was a little boy, he had been called Davy, and this little boy wanted to be just as his grandfather had been—just the same kind of a little boy, with the same name and all.
And the name of the little girl was Prudence,[14] and she was called Prue. For when her mother was a little girl, she had been called Prue, and the Chief Gardener still called her that, sometimes, when he did not call her just Mamma. And the little girl was five years old, and the little boy was 'most seven—"going-on seven" the little boy always said, when you asked him.
The garden was in a window, at first—in two windows, side by side—called a double window. It had to be in a window, because outside it was very cold, and the snow was white and deep on the beds where the Chief Gardener had flowers and vegetables in summer-time.
Prue and Davy were looking out on this white, snow-covered garden on New Year's afternoon. Christmas was over, and spring seemed far away. And there had been so much snow that they were tired of their sleds.
"I wish it would be warm again," said Davy, "so there would be strawberries and nice things to eat in the garden; don't you, Prue?"
"And nice green grass, and dandelions and[15] pinks and morning-glories," said Prue, who loved flowers.
Then the little girl went over to where the Chief Gardener was reading. She leaned over his knee and rocked it back and forth.
"Will it ever be warm again?" she asked. "Will we ever have another garden?"
The Chief Gardener turned another page of his paper. Prue rocked his knee harder.
"I want it to be warm," she said. "I want it to be so we can plant flowers."
"And things," put in Davy, "nice things, to eat; pease and berries and radishes."
"Oh, Davy, you always want things to eat!" said the little girl. "We've just had our New Year's dinner!"
"But I'd be hungry again before the things grew, wouldn't I? And you like strawberries, too, and short-cake."
The Chief Gardener laid down his paper.
"What's all this about strawberry short-cake and morning-glories?" he asked.
[16]
"We want it to be warm," said Prue, "so we can have a garden, with pinks and pansies—"
"And pease—" began Davy.
"And a short-cake tree," put in the Chief Gardener, "with nice short-cakes covered with whipped cream, hanging on all the branches. That would suit you, wouldn't it, Davy boy?"
The very thought of a tree like that made Davy silent with joy; but Prue still rocked the knee and talked.
"When will it be warm? When can we have a garden?" she kept asking.
"It is warm, now, in this room," said the Chief Gardener, "and you may begin your garden right away, if you like."
The children looked at him, not knowing just what he meant.
"In the window," he went on. "There are two, side by side. They are a part of the garden, you know, for we always see the garden through them, in summer. You remember, we said last year they were like frames for it. Now,[17] suppose we really put a little piece of garden in the windows."
Prue was already dancing.
"Oh, yes! And I'll have pansies, and roses, and hollyhocks, and pinks, and morning-glories, and—"
"And I'll have peaches, and apples, and strawberries, and pease—"
"And a field of corn and wheat," laughed the Chief Gardener, "and a grove of cocoanut trees! What magic windows we must have to hold all the things you have named. They will be like the pack of Santa Claus—never too full to hold more."
"But can't we have all the things we like?" asked Davy, anxiously.
"Not quite all, I'm afraid. The hollyhocks and roses that Prue wants do not bloom the first year from seed. It would hardly pay to plant them in a window-garden, and as for peach and apple trees, I am afraid you would get very tired waiting for them to bear. It takes at least[18] five years for apple-trees to give us fruit, often much longer. Peach-trees bear about the third year. I think we would better try a few things that bloom and bear a little more quickly."
II
YOUR GARDEN MAY NOT LOOK AS I HAVE IT HERE
The Chief Gardener took his pencil and a piece of paper, and drew a little plan. He was not much of an artist, and sometimes when he drew things he had to write their names below, so that Prue and Davy could tell which was the rabbit and which was the donkey, and so they wouldn't think the kitten was a lion. But a window was not so hard, and then he could put names under the plants, too. On the next page is the picture that the Chief Gardener drew.
While he was making the picture, the children had been asking questions.
"Which is my side? Oh, what's that in the center—that tall plant? What are those vines?[19] What will we have in those littlest pots? Oh, I know what those are! Those are morning-glories! Oh, goody!"
Davy's and
Prue's Window
DAVY'S WINDOWPRUE'S WINDOW
The last was from Prue, when she saw the artist putting the flowers along the vines that he had made climbing up the sides of her window.
"Yes," said the Chief Gardener, "those are[20] morning-glories. You can have two vines in each pot, if you wish, and in that way get four colors—blue, white, purple, and pink. On Davy's side I have made climbing beans—scarlet and white runners—because they are very pretty, and also very good to eat. Davy's is a vegetable, and yours a flower, garden. Then, if Davy wants some flowers, and you get hungry, you can give him flowers for vegetables."
"Oh, that will be playing 'market,' won't it? I just love to play 'store' and 'going to market.'"
"My beans look a good deal like Prue's morning-glories, all but the flowers," said Davy.
"So they do, Davy; and they really look something the same in the garden. The leaves are nearly the same shape, only that the morning-glory's is more heart-shaped, and then beans have three leaves to the stem instead of one. Sometimes I have taken a morning-glory for a bean, just at first."
"What else have we?" asked Prue. "What[21] are the little flowers, and the big one in the center?"
If the Chief Gardener felt hurt because his pictures did not show just what all the flowers were, without telling, he did not say so. He said:
"Well, in the center of your window, Prue, the big flower is made for a sunflower. Not the big kind, but the small western sunflower, such as we had along the back fence last summer. I think we can raise those in the house."
"I just love those," nodded Prue.
"Then those two slender plants are sweet-pease on your side, and garden-pease on Davy's. I put two in each window, because I know that you love sweet-pease, while Davy is very fond of the vegetable kind."
"I'd like a whole bushel of sweet-pease!" said Prue.
"And I wish I had a bushel of eating pease!" said Davy, "and I know that's sweet corn in the middle of my window. I just love it!"
[22]
"Yes," said the Chief Gardener, "and a little pot of radishes on one side, and a pot of lettuce salad on the other. Do you think you like that, Davy?"
