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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Sprache: Englisch
Learn responsive web development with Bootstrap 4's front end framework
About This Book
- Become an expert in Bootstrap framework, and speed up front-end development and prototyping through real-life examples
- An applied guide exploring two web applications such as Twitter and Dashboard from scratch
- Hands on the Bootstrap version 4 even before the official release
Who This Book Is For
If you are a frontend developer with no knowledge of Bootstrap, then this book is for you. Basic knowledge of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript is expected, as well as a reasonable understanding of web frameworks, such as jQuery.
What You Will Learn
- Discover how to use Bootstrap's components and elements, and to customize them for your own projects
- Understand the framework's usage in the best way with the recommended development patterns
- Create web pages for any kind of device like tablet, mobile, computer, etc.
- Construct a Twitter app by exploring the advanced bootstrap components like Breadcrumbs, Pagination, Media objects, and so on
- Combine the power of JavaScript with your Bootstrap app for more functionality
- Create a Dashboard web app using Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins
- Learn the difference between Bootstrap's version 3 and 4 of the framework
- Extend your knowledge on Bootstrap's external plugins, their incorporation and usage
In Detail
Bootstrap is a free, open source collection of tools that helps developers create websites or web applications. It provides a faster, easier, and less repetitive solution to designing and building applications. Before Bootstrap's release, it was necessary to import a variety of libraries into your project that offered different components and features for web interface development. Plus with the increased popularity of smartphones there were lack of libraries that could handle the responsiveness of a web page. Bootstraps existence let it quickly become famous as a front-end framework that offered a wide set of tools from page grid up to components that render a web page in the best possible way for any device.
This book will be a tutorial covering various examples as well as step-by-step methodology to create interesting web applications using Bootstrap and to understand the front-end framework to its core.
We begin with an introduction to the Bootstrap framework and setting up an environment to build a simple web page. We then cover the grid system, basic Bootstrap components, HTML elements, and customization components for responsive and mobile first development. This is presented by creating a beautiful Landing page sample. You will also learn how to create a web application like Twitter by using the full set of components offered in the framework. Finally, you will learn to create a dashboard web app, using Bootstrap to its finest potential including component customizations, event handling, and external library integration. All these examples are explained step-by-step and in depth, while covering the versions 3 and the most recent version 4 of Bootstrap. So, you will be in the state of the art for front-end development.
By the end of this book, you will be familiar with the development of a plugin for the framework and Bootstrap's world which is popular for fast paced front-end web development, used in countless projects all over the world, and now yours.
Style and approach
This is a step-by-step guide that closely focuses on developing web applications in most objective way solving real-life problems with Bootstrap. It covers two sample web applications, which are explained in detail.
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Seitenzahl: 262
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016
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Table of Contents
Bootstrap 4 By Example
Bootstrap 4 By Example
Copyright © 2016 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: March 2016
Production reference: 1230316
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
Livery Place
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Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-78528-887-6
www.packtpub.com
Credits
Author
Silvio Moreto
Reviewer
Paula Barcante
Commissioning Editor
Ashwin Nair
Acquisition Editor
Smeet Thakkar
Content Development Editor
Pooja Mhapsekar
Technical Editor
Tanmayee Patil
Copy Editor
Vikrant Phadke
Project Coordinator
Francina Pinto
Proofreader
Safis Editing
Indexer
Monica Ajmera Mehta
Production Coordinator
Conidon Miranda
Cover Work
Conidon Miranda
About the Author
Silvio Moreto is a developer with more than 7 years of experience with frontend technologies and has created many websites and web applications using the Bootstrap framework. From simple pages to complex ones, he has always used the Bootstrap framework.
Silvio is also the creator of the bootstrap-select plugin (http://silviomoreto.github.io/bootstrap-select/), which is a very popular plugin among the community. It is for replacing a selected element by a Bootstrap button drop-down element. Silvio foresaw that a plugin like this one was missing in the original framework, and it could be useful for the community. So he created the plugin, and the community helps him maintain it.
Besides this, he is very active in the open source community, participating in some open source repository and issue communities, such as Stack Overflow. Also, he finished third in the worldwide Django Dash 2013 challenge.
First, I would like to thank my wife to supporting me throughout the writing process of the book. I would also like to thank my dog for staying beside me every night when I was writing and being the inspiration to some scenarios in the book. Then I want to thank the editors from Packt Publishing for their understanding and for guiding me through the completion of the book.
About the Reviewer
Paula Barcante is a 23 year old UX designer with a passion for frontend development. She learned development on her own by reading books and taking free online courses. She began using Bootstrap 4 years ago and has continued using it ever since. Paula's passion lies in designing and developing beautiful experiences for users around the world. Most recently, she began working as a UX designer for Amazon.com. She is always happy to chat with those who are passionate about design or frontend development. Her work can be found at paulabarcante.com.
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Preface
Frontend development can be separated into two eras, before Bootstrap and after Bootstrap. In 2011, the greatest frontend framework ever was released. Also, in the same year, the adoption and use of the framework grew in great numbers, reaching almost every segment of the market.
The reason of this is as follows: imagine how painful it was to create a simple, nice button, for instance. You had to declare a lot of classes and styles in your code. This was the foresee of Bootstrap, created by some developers from Twitter. The framework was a paradigm change for developing a fast-paced web page frontend.
The greatness of Bootstrap lies in three aspects. The first is the style sheet, which contains some basic CSS for almost every HTML element in a uniform and beauty way.
The second aspect is the components. They can be reused by just copying and pasting code. The last aspect is the JavaScript plugin, which includes some very common additional elements that cannot be found elsewhere.
Take a deep dive into the Bootstrap frontend framework with the help of examples that will illustrate the usage of each element and component in a proper way. By seeing examples, you will get a better understanding of what is happening and where you want to reach.
During the book, along the examples, you will be able to nail the framework and develop some very common examples using Bootstrap. These are a landing page, a web application, and a dashboard, which is desired by 10 out 10 web developers. You will face these kind of page countless number of times during your life as a developer, and you will do that using Bootstrap at its finest, including component customizations, animations, event handling, and external library integration.
We will start from the basics of the framework, but we will not hesitate from going further to really nail the framework. If you complete the book's examples by yourself, we can guarantee that you will become a true Bootstrap master.
This book is the first one to offer support for version 4 of Bootstrap. However, we will offer support for version 3 as well. So, you will be ready for whatever comes your way.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Getting Started, introduces the Bootstrap framework and teaches you how to set up the environment.
Chapter 2, Creating a Solid Scaffolding, starts the landing page example using the grid system.
Chapter 3, Yes, You Should Go Mobile First, talks about mobile-first development and how to do it.
Chapter 4, Applying the Bootstrap Style, uses the Bootstrap theme and some Bootstrap elements.
Chapter 5, Making It Fancy, is about adding more Bootstrap elements to the landing page example.
Chapter 6, Can You Build a Web App?, challenges us to create a web application using Bootstrap.
Chapter 7, Of Course, You Can Build a Web App!, creates the web application page using only Bootstrap elements and components.
Chapter 8, Working with JavaScript, starts using some JavaScript plugins in the web application example.
Chapter 9, Entering in the Advanced Mode, is the start of the dashboard example using advanced components and plugin integrations.
Chapter 10, Bringing Components to Life, completes the dashboard example while making the final customizations for our web page.
Chapter 11, Making It Your Taste, is the final challenge, where we customize Bootstrap plugins and create a new plugin for the framework.
What you need for this book
To follow this book's developments, you will need a web browser on your computer, preferably Google Chrome, because it will be used in some examples. But other browsers can work as well.
Also, you will need some basic knowledge in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript beforehand. Despite the fact that we will initially talk in a slow pace about those technologies, it will be good for you to know some basic concepts about them.
Another plus is knowledge of the jQuery library, which is a dependency of Bootstrap. We will actually use jQuery in Chapter 7, Of Course, You Can Build a Web App!, and they will be very simple examples. So just keep in mind to train some jQuery skills.
Who this book is for
Bootstrap By Example is perfect for frontend developers interested in fast, mobile-first, and responsive development. Bootstrap is the most famous frontend framework, with a big community that needs you as a new member in this world of extensive support for different devices, resolutions, browsers, and ready-to-use components. With this book, you will acquire your ticket to it and play around like a pro.
Conventions
In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.
Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: "Then, we created a <div> tag using the .navbar-right class to provide a set padding CSS rules and place the list to the right to appear the same way as before."
A block of code is set as follows:
When we wish to draw your attention to a particular part of a code block, the relevant lines or items are set in bold:
New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: "The preceding screenshot shows the final result of the Features section."
Note
Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.
Tip
Tips and tricks appear like this.
Reader feedback
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To send us general feedback, simply e-mail <[email protected]>, and mention the book's title in the subject of your message.
If there is a topic that you have expertise in and you are interested in either writing or contributing to a book, see our author guide at www.packtpub.com/authors.
Customer support
Now that you are the proud owner of a Packt book, we have a number of things to help you to get the most from your purchase.
Downloading the example code
You can download the example code files for this book from your account at http://www.packtpub.com. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit http://www.packtpub.com/support and register to have the files e-mailed directly to you.
You can download the code files by following these steps:
Once the file is downloaded, please make sure that you unzip or extract the folder using the latest version of:
Downloading the color images of this book
We also provide you with a PDF file that has color images of the screenshots/diagrams used in this book. The color images will help you better understand the changes in the output. You can download this file from https://www.packtpub.com/sites/default/files/downloads/BootstrapByExample_ColorImages.pdf.
Errata
Although we have taken every care to ensure the accuracy of our content, mistakes do happen. If you find a mistake in one of our books—maybe a mistake in the text or the code—we would be grateful if you could report this to us. By doing so, you can save other readers from frustration and help us improve subsequent versions of this book. If you find any errata, please report them by visiting http://www.packtpub.com/submit-errata, selecting your book, clicking on the Errata Submission Form link, and entering the details of your errata. Once your errata are verified, your submission will be accepted and the errata will be uploaded to our website or added to any list of existing errata under the Errata section of that title.
To view the previously submitted errata, go to https://www.packtpub.com/books/content/support and enter the name of the book in the search field. The required information will appear under the Errata section.
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We appreciate your help in protecting our authors and our ability to bring you valuable content.
Questions
If you have a problem with any aspect of this book, you can contact us at <[email protected]>, and we will do our best to address the problem.
Chapter 1. Getting Started
With the advent and increase in popularity of the mobile web, developers have had to adapt themselves to handling new challenges, such as different layouts in different resolutions, the new user experience paradigm, and optimization for low-bandwidth connections. While facing this, there were also a lot of old problems related to browser compatibility and lack of patterns in the community.
This was the outline scenario when the Bootstrap framework arrived. Developed by Twitter, the main goal of Bootstrap is to provide a web frontend framework for responsive developing with cross-browser compatibility. It is awesome! Developers fell in love with it and started to adopt it right away.
Therefore, to cover this book's objective of presenting the Bootstrap framework to build responsive, mobile-first websites faster than ever before, we must get started by setting up our work environment in the best recommended way. Thus, the topics that we will cover in this chapter are:
Getting Bootstrap
There is some version of the framework, but in this book, we will provide support for the latest Bootstrap 3 version (which is v3.3.5), along with the newest version 4 (which is 4.0.0-alpha). When a feature or component is differently supported by one of these versions, we will point it out properly.
First of all, access the official website at http://getbootstrap.com/ and click on the Download Bootstrap button, as shown in the following screenshot:
Tip
Downloading the example code
You can download the example code files for this book from your account at http://www.packtpub.com. If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit http://www.packtpub.com/support and register to have the files e-mailed directly to you.
You can download the code files by following these steps:
Once the file is downloaded, please make sure that you unzip or extract the folder using the latest version of:
Then you will be redirected to another page that contains these buttons:
Click on the Download Bootstrap button to get the framework, since we will cover the full framework using, not Sass, but just HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. After the download, extract the files and you will see that the framework is organized in folders.
Tip
Other versions and releases
Check out the official repository at https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/ to pick up other versions and see the new releases under development. You will also be able to see other features and community activity.
If you want to go hands-on straightforward with version 4, go to http://v4-alpha.getbootstrap.com/ and download it, or enter the GitHub repository and select the corresponding branch of version 4.
After you've extracted the files, you will see some folders. The first one, in alphabetical order, is css. Here, you will find the main CSS file (named bootstrap.css), other files related to the minified version, and a bootstrap-theme.css file, which is a simple theme of using the Bootstrap components.
There is also a fonts folder; it contains the files used for the icon components that we will see in future chapters. Finally, there is a folder named js, where we can find the bootstrap.js file, the minified version, and the specification for npm.
Tip
What is the npm file?
The npm is the most famous package manager for JavaScript. It is set as the default package manager in the Node.js environment.
Setting up the framework
Now that we have downloaded the framework and covered its basic file architecture, we will advance to setting up Bootstrap on a web page.
Folder structure
First, let's explicit the folder structure that we will be using in this book. In a folder that we will call main_folder, we extract the Bootstrap contents and create a file called hello_world.html at the same level. Inside the Bootstrap contents will be some folders for fonts, CSS, and JavaScript. The final layout should be like this:
Warming up the sample example
Now, we will add the recommended setup of the Bootstrap framework to the hello_world.html file. Open it in your preferred code editor and add the outline HTML code, like this:
Next, add the code for loading css inside the head tag:
And at the end of the body tag, load the JavaScript file:
Open the hello_world.html file in a browser (we will use Google Chrome in this book) and open the JavaScript console. In Chrome, it can be found at Options button (the hamburger button on right upper corner. Go to More Tools | Developer Tools, just as shown in the following screenshot, and click on Console in the opened window. You will see a message saying Bootstrap's JavaScript requires jQuery:
jQuery is a cross-platform JavaScript library, and it is the only third-party requirement for Bootstrap. To get it, we recommend the download from the official website and the latest version (https://jquery.com/download/). Bootstrap requires version 1.9 or higher.
Note
Just use versions above 2.x if you do not want to add support for Internet Explorer 6, 7, and 8. In this book, we will use version 1.11.3.
Copy the jQuery file inside the js folder, and load it in the HTML code at the end of the body tag but before the bootstrap.js loads, like this:
Bootstrap required tags
Bootstrap has three tags that must be at the beginning of the <head> tag. These tags are used for text encoding and improved visualization on mobile devices:
The viewport tag is related to the mobile-first philosophy. By adding it, you ensure proper rendering in mobile devices and touch zooming.
You can also disable the zoom functionality by appending user-scalable=no in the content key. With this option, users will only be able to scroll on the web page, resulting in a feel of using a native mobile application.
Note
If you are going to use this tag, you must be sure that users need not use the zoom feature and it will create a good user experience. Therefore, use it with caution.
Also, if you want to add support for older versions of the Internet Explorer (IE) browser (older than version 9), you must add some libraries to have fallback compatibility for the HTML5 and CSS3 elements. We will add them via CDN, which is the Bootstrap recommendation. So, add these lines at the end of the <head> tag:
Tip
Do you know what CDN is?
CDN, the abbreviation of Content Delivery Network, is a term used to describe a network of computers that are connected in order to deliver some content. A CDN should provide high availability and performance.
At this point, the file should be like this:
This is our base page example! Keep it for the purpose of coding every example of this book and for any other web page that you will develop.
We would like to point out that Bootstrap requires the doctype HTML5 style before the <html> tag:
Building our first Bootstrap example
Now we are all set for the framework. Replace the Hello World! line in the body tag with this:
Open the hello_world.html file in the browser, and it must appear like what is shown in the following screenshot:
Congratulations! You have created your first Bootstrap web page. It is simple but very important to understand the details of how to set the framework correctly to keep the recommendation pattern.
Furthermore, we added some components in this example that will be explained in future chapters, but you can start becoming familiar with the CSS classes used and the placement of the elements.
The container tag
You may notice that in our example, the page content is too close to the left-hand side and without a margin/padding. This is because Bootstrap has a required element called container that we have not added in the example.
The container tag must be placed to wrap the site content and nest the grid system (we will present the grid system, called scaffolding, in the next chapter). There are two options for using the container element.
The first one is for creating a web page responsive with a fixed-width container. This one will add responsive margins depending on the device viewport:
In case you want a full-width container, covering the entire width of the viewport, use container-fluid:
In our example, we will create a fixed-width responsive website. So, our code will be like this:
The next screenshot shows what our example looks like with the addition of the container class. I recommend for practicing and complete understanding, that you change the container class to .container-fluid and see what happens. Change your viewport by resizing your browser window and see how Bootstrap adapts your page visualization:
The preceding image shows the differences between using .container and .container-fluid. See the differences of the margins in the sides.
Soon during this book, you will be able to create more complex and beautiful websites, using more advanced Bootstrap components such as the show case shown in the following screenshot, which is an example of a landing page.
Do not worry. We will start at a slow pace to reveal the basics of Bootstrap and how to use it properly on our web page. The following example is our first goal when we develop a landing page example. Just keep in mind that we will always use the same basis presented in this chapter.
Optionally using the CDN setup
Bootstrap also offers a setup using CDN to load the framework. It's much easier to set up but comes with some regards. Instead of the <link> that we created to load the CSS, we must load it from CDN using this:
And to load the JavaScript file, replace the JavaScript <script> tag with the following line:
There is some discussion on whether or not to use CDN. We will not touch upon this point, but the main pro is having the content provided faster with high availability. The main con is that you cannot have direct control over what is in the content provided, having unreliable imported code.
The decision of whether or not to use CDN depends on the case. You should consider the different arguments and choose an option that best fits your web page. There is no right or wrong, just different points of view.
Community activity
The Bootstrap framework is discussed in several places across the Internet. It is important to have an engaged community that keeps evolving the framework and supporting it. You can have support and acquire more knowledge by going to some other resources, such as the following:
