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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Serie: CertMike Get Certified
- Sprache: Englisch
Skip the fluff and get straight to the essentials with an indispensable prep handbook for the CompTIA A+ Core 1 exam In CompTIA A+ CertMike: Prepare. Practice. Pass the Test! Get Certified! Core 1 Exam 220-1101, veteran tech experts and educators Mike Chapple and Mark Soper deliver a hands-on and practical roadmap to taking--and succeeding on--the CompTIA A+ Core 1 exam. You'll learn how to install, configure, and maintain computer equipment, mobile devices, and software for end users, service components based on customer requirements, understand networking basics, and apply essential cybersecurity methods. Ace the test using the proven CertMike approach: * Prepare -- CertMike is your personal study coach, guiding you through all the exam objectives and helping you gain an understanding of how they apply to on-the-job tasks! * Practice -- Each chapter includes two multiple choice practice questions. Work through the detailed explanations to evaluate each answer option and understand the reason for the best answer! * Pass -- On exam day, use the critical knowledge you've learned when you're ready to take the test. You'll feel ready and confident to pass the exam and earn your certification! With a laser-focus on getting you job- and exam-ready, the book skips the fluff and gets right to the point of getting you familiar with IT basics and on the road to an in-demand IT certification and a new career in tech. You'll also get complimentary access to additional online study tools, complete with a bonus practice exam and audio recordings of the CertMike Exam Essentials. Banish test anxiety and feel ready to pass the test--the first time around! An indispensable resource for anyone preparing for their A+ certification, CompTIA A+ CertMike: Prepare. Practice. Pass the Test! Get Certified! Core 1 Exam 220-1101 is also a must-read for hardware and PC technicians seeking to upgrade their skillset.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023
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Table of Contents
COVER
WILEY BOOKS IN THE CERTMIKE SERIES
TITLE PAGE
COPYRIGHT
DEDICATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
ABOUT THE TECHNICAL EDITOR
INTRODUCTION
THE A+ PROGRAM
WHAT DOES THIS BOOK COVER?
CORE 1 EXAM 220-1101 EXAM OBJECTIVES
220-1101 CERTIFICATION EXAM OBJECTIVE MAP
HOW TO CONTACT THE PUBLISHER
PART I: Domain 1.0: Mobile Devices
CHAPTER 1: Laptop Hardware
WHAT IS A LAPTOP?
LAPTOP BATTERY POWER
LAPTOP KEYBOARD AND SPECIAL LAPTOP KEYS
LAPTOP RAM
MIGRATING DATA FROM AN HDD TO AN SSD
REPLACING HDDs AND SSDs
WIRELESS CARDS
PHYSICAL PRIVACY WITH BIOMETRICS
PHYSICAL PRIVACY WITH NEAR-FIELD SCANNERS
CHAPTER 2: Mobile Device Displays
MOBILE DEVICE DISPLAY TYPES
ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE
MOBILE DISPLAY COMPONENTS
CHAPTER 3: Mobile Device Ports and Accessories
CONNECTION METHODS
ACCESSORIES
DOCKING STATIONS
PORT REPLICATOR
TRACKPAD/DRAWING PAD
CHAPTER 4: Mobile Device Network Connectivity and Application Support
WIRELESS/CELLULAR DATA NETWORK (ENABLE/DISABLE)
BLUETOOTH
LOCATION SERVICES
MOBILE DEVICE MANAGEMENT/MOBILE APPLICATION MANAGEMENT
MOBILE DEVICE SYNCHRONIZATION
PART II: Domain 2.0: Networking
CHAPTER 5: TCP/IP Networking
WHAT IS TCP/IP?
TCP VS. UDP
CHAPTER 6: TCP/IP Ports and Protocols
WHAT ARE PORTS?
PORTS AND PROTOCOLS
CHAPTER 7: Networking Hardware
CABLE MODEM
DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE
OPTICAL NETWORK TERMINAL
ROUTERS
SWITCHES
ACCESS POINTS
PATCH PANEL
NETWORK INTERFACE CARD
FIREWALL
POWER OVER ETHERNET
HUB
SOFTWARE-DEFINED NETWORKING
CHAPTER 8: Wireless Networking Protocols
FREQUENCIES
CHANNELS
802.11
BLUETOOTH
LONG-RANGE FIXED WIRELESS
NFC
RADIO-FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION
CHAPTER 9: Networked Host Services
SERVER ROLES
INTERNET APPLIANCES
LEGACY/EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
INTERNET OF THINGS DEVICES
CHAPTER 10: Installing and Configuring Networks
INTERNET PROTOCOL ADDRESSING
CHAPTER 11: Advanced Network Configuration
DNS
DHCP
VIRTUAL LAN
VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORK
CHAPTER 12: Internet Connection Types
INTERNET CONNECTION TYPES
NETWORK TYPES
CHAPTER 13: Networking Tools
WHAT ARE NETWORK TOOLS USED FOR?
CRIMPER
CABLE STRIPPER
WI-FI ANALYZER
TONER PROBE
CABLE TESTER
LOOPBACK PLUG
NETWORK TAP
PART III: Domain 3.0: Hardware
CHAPTER 14: Cables and Connectors
NETWORK CABLES
PERIPHERAL CABLES AND CONNECTORS
VIDEO CABLES AND CONNECTORS
HARD DRIVE CABLES AND CONNECTORS
CHAPTER 15: Random Access Memory (RAM)
RAM TYPES
MEMORY CONFIGURATION
CHAPTER 16: Storage Devices
HARD DRIVES
SSDs
DRIVE CONFIGURATION
REMOVABLE STORAGE
CHAPTER 17: Motherboards
MOTHERBOARD FORM FACTORS
MOTHERBOARD CONNECTOR TYPES
MOTHERBOARD COMPATIBILITY
COOLING
CHAPTER 18: Booting, CPUs, and Expansion Cards
BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM AND UNIFIED EXTENSIBLE FIRMWARE INTERFACE SETTINGS
ENCRYPTION
CPU ARCHITECTURE
EXPANSION CARDS
CHAPTER 19: Power Supplies
INPUT 110-120 VAC VS. 220-240 VAC
OUTPUT 3.3V VS. 5V VS. 12V
20-PIN TO 24-PIN MOTHERBOARD ADAPTER
REDUNDANT POWER SUPPLY
MODULAR POWER SUPPLY
WATTAGE RATING
POWER SUPPLY REPLACEMENT PROCESS
CHAPTER 20: Printer and Multifunction Device Configuration
PROPERLY UNBOXING A DEVICE—SETUP LOCATION CONSIDERATIONS
USE APPROPRIATE DRIVERS FOR A GIVEN OS
DEVICE CONNECTIVITY
PUBLIC/SHARED DEVICES
CONFIGURATION SETTINGS
SECURITY
NETWORK SCAN SERVICES
AUTOMATIC DOCUMENT FEEDER/FLATBED SCANNER
CHAPTER 21: Printer Consumable Replacement
LASER PRINTERS
INKJET PRINTERS
THERMAL PRINTERS
IMPACT
3-D PRINTERS
PART IV: Domain 4.0: Virtualization and Cloud Computing
CHAPTER 22: Cloud Computing
WHAT IS CLOUD COMPUTING?
CLOUD DEPLOYMENT MODELS
CLOUD CHARACTERISTICS
CHAPTER 23: Virtualization
PURPOSE OF VIRTUAL MACHINES
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS
SECURITY REQUIREMENTS
PART V: Domain 5.0: Hardware and Network Troubleshooting
CHAPTER 24: Troubleshooting Methodology
TROUBLESHOOTING METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 25: Troubleshooting Motherboards, RAM, CPU, and Power
COMMON SYMPTOMS
POWER-ON SELF-TEST BEEPS
PROPRIETARY CRASH SCREENS (BLUE SCREEN OF DEATH/PINWHEEL)
BLACK SCREEN
NO POWER
SLUGGISH PERFORMANCE
OVERHEATING
BURNING SMELL
CAPACITOR SWELLING
INTERMITTENT SHUTDOWN
APPLICATION CRASHES
GRINDING NOISE
INACCURATE SYSTEM DATE/TIME
CHAPTER 26: Troubleshooting Storage
COMMON SYMPTOMS AND SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER 27: Troubleshooting Video
COMMON SYMPTOMS AND SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER 28: Troubleshooting Mobile Devices
COMMON SYMPTOMS
CHAPTER 29: Troubleshooting Printers
COMMON SYMPTOMS AND SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER 30: Troubleshooting Networks
COMMON SYMPTOMS
INDEX
END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
List of Tables
Chapter 4
TABLE 4.1 2G-3G-4G-5G Quick Reference
Chapter 8
TABLE 8.1 Wi-Fi 1 Through Wi-Fi 6 Speeds and Frequencies
Chapter 10
TABLE 10.1 Reserved Private IP Addresses by Class
Chapter 12
TABLE 12.1 Residential Satellite Internet Service Provider Comparison
Chapter 14
TABLE 14.1 CAT5-5e-6-6a Specifications
TABLE 14.2 EIA/TIA T568A and T568B Wiring Standards
TABLE 14.3 USB 3.0/3.1/3.2 Speeds and Port/Cable Types
Chapter 15
TABLE 15.1 Common DDR3 Speeds
TABLE 15.2 Common DDR4 Speeds
TABLE 15.3 Common DDR5 Speeds
Chapter 16
TABLE 16.1 HDD Speeds and Recommended Uses
Chapter 17
TABLE 17.1 PCIe Slots and Versions
Chapter 18
TABLE 18.1 Selected Recent AMD and Intel Multicore CPUs
Chapter 19
TABLE 19.1 : POWER CONNECTORS AND USES
Chapter 23
TABLE 23.1 Oracle VirtualBox RAM and Virtual HD Recommendations
Chapter 25
TABLE 25.1 Example Beep Codes
Chapter 26
TABLE 26.1 RAID Failure
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
FIGURE 1.1 A typical laptop.
FIGURE 1.2 A user-replaceable battery after being removed from a laptop.
FIGURE 1.3 The top and bottom rows of a typical Windows laptop keyboard. Use...
FIGURE 1.4 Preparing to disconnect the keyboard interface cable from a typic...
FIGURE 1.5 From left to right, typical DDR5, DDR4, and DDR3, SO-DIMM modules...
FIGURE 1.6 Inserting an SODIMM module into place (left) and after it has bee...
FIGURE 1.7 Connecting an SSD to a USB 3.x adapter cable before cloning.
FIGURE 1.8 A laptop with provisions for both an M.2 SSD (left) and a 2.5-inc...
FIGURE 1.9 A laptop 2.5-inch SATA drive after being detached from the SATA i...
FIGURE 1.10 Removing the mounting hardware from a 2.5-inch SATA drive.
FIGURE 1.11 An M.2 drive interface before installing an M.2 SSD.
FIGURE 1.12 A wireless network card using the mini-PCIe interface.
FIGURE 1.13 A wireless network card using the M.2 interface.
Chapter 2
FIGURE 2.1 A simplified diagram of the layers in a typical LCD display.
FIGURE 2.2 An LCD panel with individually serviceable components.
FIGURE 2.3 This webcam can be easily replaced if it fails.
FIGURE 2.4 Preparing to remove a failed inverter.
Chapter 3
FIGURE 3.1 USB 3.1 Gen 1 Type-A and USB Type-C ports.
FIGURE 3.2 This 2015 MacBook Air's USB ports support USB 3.0 (5Gbps) but are...
FIGURE 3.3 MiniUSB and MicroUSB ports for USB 2.0 connections compared to a ...
FIGURE 3.4 MiniUSB and MicroUSB cables for USB 2.0 connections compared to a...
FIGURE 3.5 USB Type-A to USB-C and USB Type-A to Lightning cables for mobile...
FIGURE 3.6 The Bluetooth menu on a typical Windows laptop.
FIGURE 3.7 Preparing to share Wi-Fi via the Windows Mobile Hotspot dialog.
FIGURE 3.8 Configuring shortcuts for a touch pen in Windows 10 and Windows 1...
FIGURE 3.9 Comparing laptop headset, microphone, and headphone cables, jacks...
FIGURE 3.10 A variety of docking stations made for PCs (top/middle) and Macs...
FIGURE 3.11 A Wacom drawing pad suitable for use with both laptops and deskt...
Chapter 4
FIGURE 4.1 Normal (left) versus Airplane mode (right) on a typical Android s...
FIGURE 4.2 Normal mode (left) on a typical iPhone (iOS) smartphone versus Ai...
FIGURE 4.3 Typical hotspot settings for an Android smartphone. Tap Configure...
FIGURE 4.4 Pairing with a Merkury speaker on iPadOS. (Source: Apple Inc.)
FIGURE 4.5 Pairing with a keyboard on Android. (Source: Apple Inc.)
FIGURE 4.6 Android location services when turned on (left) and off (right).(...
FIGURE 4.7 Android location services when turned on (left) and off (right). ...
FIGURE 4.8 iOS location services (left) and adjusting location access for a ...
FIGURE 4.9 Using Microsoft 365 to check the edit history of a document (left...
FIGURE 4.10 Configuring iCloud on an iPad. (Source: Apple Inc.)
Chapter 5
FIGURE 5.1 A bank website using HTTPS.
Chapter 7
FIGURE 7.1 Front (left) and rear (right) views of a cable modem with VoIP su...
FIGURE 7.2 Front (top) and rear (bottom) views of a typical DSL modem with i...
FIGURE 7.3 A typical ONT connected to a home network.
FIGURE 7.4 A typical wireless router.
FIGURE 7.5 A managed switch that also supports SPF modules.
FIGURE 7.6 A typical unmanaged Gigabit Ethernet switch.
FIGURE 7.7 Typical front (top) and rear (bottom) views of RJ-45 Ethernet pat...
FIGURE 7.8 Device Manager listing two Ethernet NICs and a Wi-Fi NIC connecte...
FIGURE 7.9 Typical dual-homed NIC that connects to two networks for redundan...
FIGURE 7.10 A typical SOHO firewall dialog.
FIGURE 7.11 Typical 12 watt PoE injector.
Chapter 8
FIGURE 8.1 Typical graph of Wi-Fi 2.4GHz networks showing how channels other...
FIGURE 8.2 Typical graph of Wi-Fi 5GHz networks showing how more channels he...
FIGURE 8.3 Enabling Bluetooth on a Windows 11 laptop.
FIGURE 8.4 Selecting Bluetooth as the type of device, and then select the de...
FIGURE 8.5 Typical antennas used by wireless Internet service providers.
Chapter 9
FIGURE 9.1 Preparing to view properties for an Ethernet adapter in Windows 1...
FIGURE 9.2 Entering the Google IP v4 DNS server addresses.
FIGURE 9.3 Using the Google IP v4 DNS server addresses in Windows 11.
FIGURE 9.4 A Print Management dialog from a Windows Pro computer.
FIGURE 9.5 Configuring Windows IIS in Windows 10 Pro.
FIGURE 9.6 Configuring a manual proxy server in Windows 10.
Chapter 10
FIGURE 10.1 Class A, B, and C net ID and host ID comparison.
FIGURE 10.2 Using an online calculator to find out desired subnet values.
FIGURE 10.3 Seeing your public IP address with
myexternalIP.com
.
FIGURE 10.4 The components of an anycast networked IPv6 address.
FIGURE 10.5 A Wi-Fi network adapter with both IPv4 and IPv6 link-local addre...
FIGURE 10.6 Setting up a static IP address in Windows.
Chapter 11
FIGURE 11.1 A typical lease obtained and lease expires report from ipconfig ...
FIGURE 11.2 Adjust the size of the IP Address pool and its starting and endi...
Chapter 12
FIGURE 12.1 Typical Viasat dish for geosynchronous satellite Internet servic...
FIGURE 12.2 Typical WISP using a base and relay station.
FIGURE 12.3 Examples of WISP long-distance directional and short-distance an...
FIGURE 12.4 Typical MAN versus LAN comparison.
Chapter 13
FIGURE 13.1 A crimper designed for RJ-45 and RJ-11 cable.
FIGURE 13.2 Stripping the jacket off a 22 AWG UTP wire.
FIGURE 13.3 Typical hand-held Wi-Fi analyzers.
FIGURE 13.4 Viewing nearby 2.4GHz (left) and 5GHz (right) Wi-Fi networks wit...
FIGURE 13.5 Typical toner probe.
FIGURE 13.6 A typical cable tester preparing to test a short Ethernet cable.
FIGURE 13.7 A typical RJ-45 loopback plug.
FIGURE 13.8 A typical network TAP.
Chapter 14
FIGURE 14.1 TP cable (top) and coaxial cable (bottom).
FIGURE 14.2 CAT5e (top) and CAT6 (bottom) cable labels.
FIGURE 14.3 EIA/TIA T568B and T568A wire pairings and an assembled UTP cable...
FIGURE 14.4 UTP versus STP cable.
FIGURE 14.5 UTP and STP connectors.
FIGURE 14.6 Inserting wire pairs into a punchdown connector with a punchdown...
FIGURE 14.7 A typical RJ45 cable with protective wings over its locking tab ...
FIGURE 14.8 RG6 coax cable connector and interior.
FIGURE 14.9 Bidirectional fiber-optic cables.
FIGURE 14.10 USB 2.0 Type-A and Type-B cables, USB 3.0/3.1/3.2 Type-A and Ty...
FIGURE 14.11 USB 2.0, 3.0, and 3.1 Gen 2 Type-A ports and a USB 3.1 Gen 2 Ty...
FIGURE 14.12 USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 Type-B ports.
FIGURE 14.13 DB9F RS-232 serial cable with thumbscrews and DB9M RS-232 seria...
FIGURE 14.14 Thunderbolt 1/2 cable (left) compared to a USB Type-C (same for...
FIGURE 14.15 VGA cable.
FIGURE 14.16 Two graphics cards with DVI, HDMI, VGA, and other ports.
FIGURE 14.17 HDMI and DisplayPort cable variations.
FIGURE 14.18 HDMI and DP ports on a typical 3D graphics card.
FIGURE 14.19 mDP ports on a typical 3D graphics card.
FIGURE 14.20 SATA data and power cables and drive connectors.
FIGURE 14.21 SATA and eSATA cables.
FIGURE 14.22 Installed IDE cable (top) and IDE port (bottom).
FIGURE 14.23 IDE drive with an 80-wire data cable, configuration jumpers, an...
FIGURE 14.24 SCSI 50-pin and 68-pin ribbon cables for internal drives.
Chapter 15
FIGURE 15.1 Installing a DDR4 DIMM on a motherboard.
FIGURE 15.2 A typical DDR4 SODIMM (top) compared to a DDR DIMM (bottom).
FIGURE 15.3 A typical DDR3 DIMM (top) compared to a DDR4 DIMM (bottom).
FIGURE 15.4 A typical DDR5 DIMM (top) compared to a DDR5 SODIMM (bottom).
FIGURE 15.5 A pair of identical DIMMs installed on a DDR4 motherboard.
FIGURE 15.6 Use identical modules in memory slots A2 and B2 for dual-channel...
Chapter 16
FIGURE 16.1 A typical 3.5-in HDD with its top cover removed.
FIGURE 16.2 Typical SATA drives in order by size, smallest to largest dimens...
FIGURE 16.3 A typical 3.5-inch HDD mounted in a drive cage.
FIGURE 16.4 Pulling the SATA drive away from the laptop's SATA connector bef...
FIGURE 16.5 Pulling the replacement SATA drive into the laptop's SATA connec...
FIGURE 16.6 M.2 SSD drive compared with an M.2 wireless card.
FIGURE 16.7 These M.2 NVMe drives (center and bottom) use the M key connecto...
FIGURE 16.8 A RAID 1 (mirrored) array configured on a system using an Intel ...
FIGURE 16.9 Inside the shell of a typical 64GB flash drive.
FIGURE 16.10 SD and microSD cards and adapters with different speed markings...
FIGURE 16.11 Typical SATA optical drive installed in a 5.25-inch drive bay....
Chapter 17
FIGURE 17.1 Typical ATX motherboard (left) and microATX motherboard (right).
FIGURE 17.2 Typical ATX port cluster (top) and microATX port cluster (bottom...
FIGURE 17.3 A typical mini-ITX motherboard optimized for home theater uses....
FIGURE 17.4 PCI card and PCI slots compared to PCIe ×16 and ×1 slots....
FIGURE 17.5 24-pin ATX (left) and 8-pin EPS12V (right) power connectors comp...
FIGURE 17.6 Front-mounted (left) and top-mounted SATA ports from two differe...
FIGURE 17.7 eSATA port (left inset), USB 3.0 port (right inset), and SATA-eS...
FIGURE 17.8 Typical headers for USB 2.0, USB 3.0, and front-panel cables.
FIGURE 17.9 Typical headers for four-pin CPU fan (left) and three-pin system...
FIGURE 17.10 Removing the cover over an M.2 slot in preparation for installi...
FIGURE 17.11 Installing an AMD PGA processor.
FIGURE 17.12 Installing an Intel LGA processor.
FIGURE 17.13 A late-model Dell touch-screen laptop motherboard.
FIGURE 17.14 Top and bottom views of an AMD heat sink fan (left) and an Inte...
FIGURE 17.15 A typical PCIe video card with two fans for cooling the GPU and...
Chapter 18
FIGURE 18.1 When the full-screen logo option is disabled in BIOS/UEFI firmwa...
FIGURE 18.2 Boot options menu.
FIGURE 18.3 Enabling or disabling individual USB ports is an option availabl...
FIGURE 18.4 USB Legacy mode and XHCI Hand Off BIOS/UEFI settings.
FIGURE 18.5 AMD fTPM before and after being enabled.
FIGURE 18.6 CPU and Chassis fan displays on a typical desktop computer; the ...
FIGURE 18.7 A system with three passwords that can be enabled in BIOS/UEFI s...
FIGURE 18.8 An AMD system with TPM 2.0 enabled as reported by Security proce...
FIGURE 18.9 Onboard sound before being disabled.
FIGURE 18.10 Disabled onboard video.
FIGURE 18.11 Preparing to disable onboard NIC.
Chapter 19
FIGURE 19.1 A power supply with a manual voltage switch.
FIGURE 19.2 A 24-pin ATX power cable.
FIGURE 19.3 EPS12V, ATX12V, and PCIe power leads.
FIGURE 19.4 Molex and SATA power leads.
FIGURE 19.5 Mini (Berg) power lead.
FIGURE 19.6 20 to 24-pin ATX power adapter.
FIGURE 19.7 A traditional (nonmodular) power supply.
FIGURE 19.8 A fully modular power supply.
FIGURE 19.9 A high-quality 750-watt power supply.
FIGURE 19.10 A typical PC power supply and mounting screws.
FIGURE 19.11 A
FIGURE 19.12 B
FIGURE 19.13 C
FIGURE 19.14 D
Chapter 20
FIGURE 20.1 Ethernet (RJ-45) (top) and USB 2.0 (bottom) ports on a typical M...
FIGURE 20.2 Wireless configuration dialogs from a typical SOHO MFD (Epson ET...
FIGURE 20.3 Verifying that File And Printer Sharing and Network Discovery ar...
FIGURE 20.4 Sharing a printer in Windows.
FIGURE 20.5 A Microsoft OneNote for Windows 10 printer dialog.
FIGURE 20.6 Additional settings (not available on all printers).
FIGURE 20.7 Enabling PrintService ➣ Operational Print Logging.
FIGURE 20.8 A logged print job.
Chapter 21
FIGURE 21.1 Pickup rollers in a typical laser printer.
FIGURE 21.2 Toner cartridge in a typical printer with a separate imaging dru...
FIGURE 21.3 Typical ink cartridges after installation.
FIGURE 21.4 Ink levels in an inkjet printer with ink tanks.
FIGURE 21.5 Carriage belt and printheads in an inkjet printer with ink tanks...
FIGURE 21.6 A typical duplexing assembly after removal to clear a paper jam.
FIGURE 21.7 Preparing to calibrate (align) an inkjet printer.
FIGURE 21.8 The parts of a typical impact printer.
Chapter 22
FIGURE 22.1 Comparing SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS cloud service categories.
Chapter 23
FIGURE 23.1 A nonvirtualized system.
FIGURE 23.2 Type 1 and Type 2 virtualization compared.
FIGURE 23.3 Oracle VM VirtualBox configuring a VM for Windows 8.1.
FIGURE 23.4 Oracle VM VirtualBox creating a VM for running macOS.
FIGURE 23.5 Intel (top) and AMD (bottom) settings in typical UEFI system fir...
FIGURE 23.6 Creating a dynamically allocated virtual disk image during VM cr...
FIGURE 23.7 This computer supports Hyper-V virtualization.
FIGURE 23.8 Preparing to install Hyper-V features.
FIGURE 23.9 Simplified diagram of a typical on-premises VDI environment.
Chapter 24
FIGURE 24.1 CompTIA's six-step troubleshooting methodology.
Chapter 25
FIGURE 25.1 A typical Windows STOP error (Blue Screen of Death).
FIGURE 25.2 The macOS pinwheel.
FIGURE 25.3 A properly installed chassis power switch.
FIGURE 25.4 Installing a drive bay fan in a typical desktop computer.
FIGURE 25.5 An extremely dirty system with virtually no airflow.
FIGURE 25.6 HWMonitor displays temperature, voltages, and fan speed for the ...
FIGURE 25.7 A typical liquid cooling kit for Intel or AMD processors.
FIGURE 25.8 A standard DDR4 DIMM (top) compared to a high-performance model ...
FIGURE 25.9 Leaking, swollen capacitors compared to intact capacitors.
FIGURE 25.10 The Compatibility tab for an app in Windows can be used to help...
FIGURE 25.11 Replace the RTC battery on a desktop or laptop to solve a probl...
Chapter 26
FIGURE 26.1 A typical motherboard's drive activity (HDD) LED and power LED c...
FIGURE 26.2 Correctly installed front-panel LED and other cables.
FIGURE 26.3 A data drive reaching 100 percent active time during complex fil...
FIGURE 26.4 This system drive needs to free up about 75GB more space.
FIGURE 26.5 Windows Boot Manager is the default boot drive on a Windows syst...
FIGURE 26.6 A physical drive is the default boot drive on systems running Li...
FIGURE 26.7 SMART data from a Western Digital SATA drive indicates no issues...
FIGURE 26.8 CrystalDiskMark IOPS test of a 5400rpm SATA drive.
FIGURE 26.9 CrystalDiskMark IOPS test of a typical SATA SSD drive.
FIGURE 26.10 Disk Management shows both partitions and assigned drive letter...
Chapter 27
FIGURE 27.1 Selecting the correct data source.
FIGURE 27.2 This display is set to use the recommended resolution.
FIGURE 27.3 Using JScreenFix to try to repair a stuck or dead pixel.
FIGURE 27.4 A PCIe video card being removed from its expansion slot. When pr...
FIGURE 27.5 Reconnecting the PCIe power cable to a PCIe video card.
FIGURE 27.6 The Cool preset color mode on a Dell display.
FIGURE 27.7 Previewing the Warm preset color mode on a Dell display; note th...
FIGURE 27.8 A three-ring (combined microphone/speaker or headset) jack at le...
Chapter 28
FIGURE 28.1 Using the battery and device maintenance menu on a Samsung Andro...
FIGURE 28.2 Using the Touchpad menu on Windows 11 to reduce touchpad sensiti...
FIGURE 28.3 Preparing to calibrate a touch screen or touchpad in Windows wit...
FIGURE 28.4 Calibrating an Android touch screen with the Touchscreen Calibra...
Chapter 30
FIGURE 30.1 Examining the current setting for IPv4 LSO.
FIGURE 30.2 Selecting QoS settings suitable for VoIP and media streaming in ...
FIGURE 30.3 Preparing to manually enter preferred DNS servers.
Guide
Cover
Wiley Books in the Certmike Series
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
About the Technical Editor
Introduction
Table of Contents
Begin Reading
Index
End User License Agreement
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WILEY BOOKS IN THE CERTMIKE SERIES
CompTIA ITF+ CertMike: Prepare. Practice.Pass the Test! Get Certified! Exam FC0-U61by Mike Chapple(ISBN 9781119897811)
CompTIA A+ CertMike: Prepare. Practice.Pass the Test! Get Certified! Core 1 Exam 220-1101by Mike Chapple and Mark Soper(ISBN 9781119898092)
CompTIA A+ CertMike: Prepare. Practice.Pass the Test! Get Certified! Core 2 Exam 220-1102by Mike Chapple and Mark Soper(ISBN 9781119898122)
CompTIA Network+ CertMike: Prepare. Practice.Pass the Test! Get Certified! Exam N10-008by Mike Chapple and Craig Zacker(ISBN 9781119898153)
CompTIA® A+® CertMike
Prepare. Practice. Pass the Test! Get Certified!Core 1 Exam 220-1101
Mike Chapple
Mark Soper
Copyright © 2023 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Published simultaneously in Canada and the United Kingdom.
ISBN: 978-1-119-89809-2
ISBN: 978-1-119-89811-5 (ebk.)
ISBN: 978-1-119-89810-8 (ebk.)
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Trademarks: WILEY, Wiley logo, and the Sybex logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission. CompTIA and A+ are registered trademarks of CompTIA, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
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To my Aunt Jane, who has given so generously to me my entire life.I owe you more than I can ever express. Thank you.
—Mark Soper
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
From Mike Chapple:
This book marks the start of a new series of CertMike Test Prep books, and I'd first like to thank the people who helped shape the vision for this series. The original idea was hatched over breakfast with two very supportive editors from the Wiley team: Ken Brown and Jim Minatel. I've worked with both Jim and Ken on many books over the years, and they're both insightful industry experts who know what it takes to produce a great book.
Mark Soper did the heavy lifting of putting this book together, and I am grateful to him for lending this series his expertise on end-user support and the A+ exams.
I'd also like to extend a special thank-you to my agent, Carole Jelen of Waterside Productions. Carole is also an experienced industry pro who can deftly navigate the murky waters of publishing. Carole is the one who pushed me to create my own series.
Of course, the creation of any book involves a tremendous amount of effort from many people other than the authors. I truly appreciate the work of Adaobi Obi Tulton, the project editor. Adaobi and I have now worked together on quite a few books, and she keeps the train on the tracks! I'd also like to thank Chris Crayton, the technical editor, who provided insightful advice and gave wonderful feedback throughout the book; and Archana Pragash, production editor, who guided me through layouts, formatting, and final cleanup to produce a great book. I would also like to thank the behind-the-scenes contributors, including the graphics, production, and technical teams who make the book and companion materials into a finished product.
Finally, I would like to thank my family who supported me through the late evenings, busy weekends, and long hours that a book like this requires to write, edit, and get to press.
From Mark Soper:
My name is on the cover, but this book would not be a reality without the efforts of so many people behind the scenes. First, I want to thank CertMike, Mike Chapple, for the opportunity to work on this brand-new certification series. I am also deeply grateful to the editorial and production team at Wiley for all their hard work.
Many thanks to Ken Brown, acquisitions editor; Christine O'Connor, managing editor; Adaobi Obi Tulton, project editor; Chris Crayton, technical editor; Archana Pragash, production editor; Kim Wimpsett, copy editor; and everyone else at Wiley who helped to make this book a reality.
I also want to thank my family for their support and for the many technology problems they've provided me with! It's been enjoyable to fix computer problems and to teach the next generation how things work. Thanks especially to my wife, Cheryl, for smiling and nodding as we discussed tech issues during Christmas dinner.
Finally, thanks so much to Almighty God, who created everything visible and invisible, including the forces that make computers work, and for His great salvation.
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Mike Chapple, Ph.D., CySA+, is author of the best-selling CISSP (ISC)2Certified Information Systems Security Professional Official Study Guide (Sybex, 2021) and the CISSP (ISC)2Official Practice Tests (Sybex, 2021). He is an information technology professional with two decades of experience in higher education, the private sector, and government.
Mike currently is a teaching professor in the IT, Analytics, and Operations department at the University of Notre Dame's Mendoza College of Business, where he teaches undergraduate and graduate courses on cybersecurity, cloud computing, data management, and business analytics.
Before returning to Notre Dame, Mike served as executive vice president and chief information officer of the Brand Institute, a Miami-based marketing consultancy. Mike also spent four years in the information security research group at the National Security Agency (NSA) and served as an active duty intelligence officer in the U.S. Air Force.
Mike has written more than 25 books. He earned both his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Notre Dame in computer science and engineering. Mike also holds an M.S. in computer science from the University of Idaho and an MBA from Auburn University. Mike holds the IT Fundamentals (ITF+), Cybersecurity Analyst+ (CySA+), Data+, Security+, Certified Information Security Manager (CISM), Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP), and Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) certifications.
Learn more about Mike and his other security certification materials at his website, CertMike.com.
Mark Edward Soper, MCP, CompTIA A+, is an instructor for University of Southern Indiana's Outreach and Engagement division. He has created and taught Microsoft Windows, Excel, Word, PowerPoint, Access, Outlook, and OneNote to staff, students, community, and corporate clients for USI for more than a decade.
Mark is also the cofounder and president of Select Systems & Associates, Inc., a technology research, training, and writing organization. Mark is a world-class technology writer and trainer with an international reach, with books available in English, Spanish, Polish, French, Italian, Swedish, Russian, Chinese, and other languages. He is a proven bridge between users and technology, helping users to grasp, master, and seek new and better technologies. Mark is a 39-year tech veteran and a human tech multitool, having written or co-authored more than 40 books on CompTIA tech certifications, computer hardware and software troubleshooting, operating systems, networking, digital photography, and self-service help desk topics. Mark has also taught these and other topics across the United States.
Mark has CompTIA A+ and Microsoft MOS – Microsoft Excel 2013 certifications, and he blogs at www.markesoper.com.
ABOUT THE TECHNICAL EDITOR
Chris Crayton is a technical consultant, trainer, author, and industry-leading technical editor. He has worked as a computer technology and networking instructor, information security director, network administrator, network engineer, and PC specialist. Chris has authored several print and online books on PC repair, CompTIA A+, CompTIA Security+, and Microsoft Windows. He has also served as technical editor and content contributor on numerous technical titles for several of the leading publishing companies. He holds numerous industry certifications, has been recognized with many professional and teaching awards, and has served as a state-level SkillsUSA final competition judge.
INTRODUCTION
If you're preparing to take the A+ Core 1 exam, you might find yourself overwhelmed with information. This exam covers a broad range of topics, and it's possible to spend weeks studying each one of them. Fortunately, that's not necessary!
As part of the CertMike Test Prep series, CompTIA® A+® CertMike: Prepare. Practice. Pass the Test! Get Certified! Core 1 Exam 220-1101 is designed to help you focus on the specific knowledge that you'll need to pass the exam. CompTIA publishes a detailed list of exam objectives, and this book is organized around those objectives. Each chapter clearly states the single objective that it covers and then, in a few pages, covers the material you need to know about that objective.
You'll find two important things at the end of each chapter: exam essentials and review questions. The CertMike Exam Essentials distill the major points from the chapter into just a few bullet points. Reviewing these Exam Essentials is a great way to prepare yourself right before the exam. I've also recorded a free audio version of the Exam Essentials that you'll find on the book's companion website at www.wiley.com/go/sybextestprep. They're great listening when you're in the car, at the gym, or mowing the lawn!
Each chapter concludes with two practice questions that are designed to give you a taste of what it's like to take the exam. You'll find that they're written in the same style as the A+ exam questions and have detailed explanations to help you understand the correct answer. Be sure to take your time and thoroughly read these questions.
Finally, the book's website includes a full-length practice exam that you can use to assess your knowledge when you're ready to take the test. Good luck on the A+ Core 1 exam!
NOTE
Don't just study the questions and answers! The questions on the actual exam will be different from the practice questions included in this book. The exam is designed to test your knowledge of a concept or objective, so use this book to learn the objectives behind the questions.
THE A+ PROGRAM
A+ is designed to be a vendor-neutral certification for those seeking to enter the information technology field. CompTIA recommends this certification for individuals who want to be problem-solvers in the world of endpoint management and technical support. These are common job roles held by A+ certified individuals:
Help-desk technician
Field service technician
Associate network engineer
Junior systems administrator
Desktop support specialist
System support technician
The A+ certification is unique in that earning it requires passing two separate exams
A+ Core 1
(
220-1101)
, which covers mobile devices, networking technology, hardware, virtualization, and cloud computing
A+ Core 2 (220-1102)
, which covers operating systems, security, software, and operational procedures
This book focuses on the Core 1 exam, which covers five major domains of knowledge.
Mobile Devices
Networking
Hardware
Virtualization and Cloud Computing
Hardware and Network Troubleshooting
These five areas include a range of topics, from installing printers to configuring networks, while focusing heavily on the basic knowledge expected of IT technicians.
The A+ exam uses a combination of standard multiple-choice questions and performance-based questions (PBQs) that require you to manipulate objects on the screen. This exam is designed to be straightforward and not to trick you. If you know the material in this book, you will pass the exam.
Each exam costs $239 in the United States, with roughly equivalent prices in other locations around the globe. More details about the A+ exams and how to take it can be found at:
www.comptia.org/certifications/a#examdetails
You'll have 90 minutes to take the exam and will be asked to answer up to 90 questions during that time period. Your exam will be scored on a scale ranging from 100 to 900, with a passing score of 675.
NOTE
CompTIA frequently does what is called item seeding, which is the practice of including unscored questions on exams. It does so to gather psychometric data, which is then used when developing new versions of the exam. Before you take the exam, you will be told that your exam may include these unscored questions. So, if you come across a question that does not appear to map to any of the exam objectives—or for that matter, does not appear to belong in the exam—it is likely a seeded question. You never really know whether a question is seeded, however, so always make your best effort to answer every question.
Taking the Exam
Once you are fully prepared to take the exam, you can visit the CompTIA website to purchase your exam voucher.
store.comptia.org
Currently, CompTIA offers two options for taking the exam: an in-person exam at a testing center and an at-home exam that you take on your own computer.
TIP
This book includes a coupon that you can use to save 10 percent on your CompTIA exam registration.
In-Person Exams
CompTIA partners with Pearson VUE's testing centers, so your next step will be to locate a testing center near you. In the United States, you can do this based on your address or your ZIP code, while non-U.S. test takers may find it easier to enter their city and country. You can search for a test center near you at the Pearson Vue website, where you will need to navigate to “Find a test center.”
www.pearsonvue.com/comptia
Now that you know where you'd like to take the exam, simply set up a Pearson VUE testing account and schedule an exam on that site.
On the day of the test, take two forms of identification, and make sure to show up with plenty of time before the exam starts. Remember that you will not be able to take your notes, electronic devices (including smartphones and watches), or other materials in with you.
At-Home Exams
CompTIA began offering online exam proctoring in 2020 in response to the coronavirus pandemic. As of the time this book went to press, the at-home testing option was still available and appears likely to continue. Candidates using this approach will take the exam at their home or office and be proctored over a webcam by a remote proctor.
Because of the rapidly changing nature of the at-home testing experience, candidates wanting to pursue this option should check the CompTIA website for the latest details.
After the Exam
Once you have taken the exam, you will be notified of your score immediately, so you'll know if you passed the test right away. You should keep track of your score report with your exam registration records and the email address you used to register for the exam.
After you earn the A+ certification, you're required to renew your certification every three years by either earning an advanced certification, completing a CertMaster continuing education program, or earning 20 continuing education units (CEUs) over a three-year period.
Many people who earn the A+ credential use it as a stepping stone to earning other certifications in their areas of interest. Those interested in networking work toward the Network+ credential, data analytics professionals might go on to earn the Data+ certification, and the Security+ program is a gateway to a career in cybersecurity.
WHAT DOES THIS BOOK COVER?
This book covers everything you need to know to pass the A+ Core 1 exam. It is organized into five parts, each corresponding to one of the five A+ Core 1 domains.
Part I
: Domain 1.0: Mobile Devices
Chapter 1
: Laptop Hardware
Chapter 2
: Mobile Device Displays
Chapter 3
: Mobile Device Ports and Accessories
Chapter 4
: Mobile Device Network Connectivity and Application Support
Part II
: Domain 2.0: Networking
Chapter 5
: TCP/IP Networking
Chapter 6
: TCP/IP Ports and Protocols
Chapter 7
: Networking Hardware
Chapter 8
: Wireless Networking Protocols
Chapter 9
: Networked Host Services
Chapter 10
: Installing and Configuring Networks
Chapter 11
: Advanced Network Configuration
Chapter 12
: Internet Connection Types
Chapter 13
: Networking Tools
Part III
: Domain 3.0: Hardware
Chapter 14
: Cables and Connectors
Chapter 15
: Random Access Memory (RAM)
Chapter 16
: Storage Devices
Chapter 17
: Motherboards
Chapter 18
: Booting, CPUs, and Expansion Cards
Chapter 19
: Power Supplies
Chapter 20
: Printer and Multifunction Device Configuration
Chapter 21
: Printer Consumable Replacement
Part IV
: Domain 4.0: Virtualization and Cloud Computing
Chapter 22
: Cloud Computing
Chapter 23
: Virtualization
Part V
: Domain 5.0: Hardware and Network Troubleshooting
Chapter 24
: Troubleshooting Methodology
Chapter 25
: Troubleshooting Motherboards, RAM, CPU, and Power
Chapter 26
: Troubleshooting Storage
Chapter 27
: Troubleshooting Video
Chapter 28
: Troubleshooting Mobile Devices
Chapter 29
: Troubleshooting Printers
Chapter 30
: Troubleshooting Networks
Study Guide Elements
This study guide uses a number of common elements to help you prepare.
Exam Tips Throughout each chapter, I've sprinkled practical exam tips that help focus your reading on items that are particularly confusing or important for the exam.
CertMike Exam Essentials The Exam Essentials focus on major exam topics and critical knowledge that you should take into the test. The Exam Essentials focus on the exam objectives provided by CompTIA.
Practice Questions Two questions at the end of each chapter will help you assess your knowledge and whether you are ready to take the exam based on your knowledge of that chapter's topics.
Additional Self-Study Tools
This book comes with a number of additional self-study tools to help you prepare for the exam. They include the following.
NOTE
Go to www.wiley.com/go/sybextestprep to register and gain access to this interactive online learning environment and test bank with study tools.
Online Test Bank
Sybex's online test bank lets you prepare for taking the actual CompTIA exam with a practice exam that is included in this book. This is a great way to test your knowledge of A+ Core 1 exam objectives.
Audio Review
I've recorded an audio review where I read each set of chapter exam essentials. This provides a helpful recap of the main material covered on the exam that you can use while you're commuting, working out, or relaxing.
CORE 1 EXAM 220-1101 EXAM OBJECTIVES
CompTIA goes to great lengths to ensure that its certification programs accurately reflect the IT industry's best practices. It does this by establishing committees for each of its exam programs. Each committee comprises a small group of IT professionals, training providers, and publishers who are responsible for establishing the exam's baseline competency level and who determine the appropriate target-audience level.
Once these factors are determined, CompTIA shares this information with a group of hand-selected subject-matter experts (SMEs). These folks are the true brainpower behind the certification program. The SMEs review the committee's findings, refine them, and shape them into the objectives that follow this section. CompTIA calls this process a job-task analysis (JTA).
Finally, CompTIA conducts a survey to ensure that the objectives and weightings truly reflect job requirements. Only then can the SMEs go to work writing the hundreds of questions needed for the exam. Even so, they have to go back to the drawing board for further refinements in many cases before the exam is ready to go live in its final state. Rest assured that the content you're about to learn will serve you long after you take the exam.
CompTIA also publishes relative weightings for each of the exam's objectives. The following table lists the five A+ Core 1 objective domains and the extent to which they are represented on the exam:
Domain
% of Exam
1.0 Mobile Devices
15%
2.0 Networking
20%
3.0 Hardware
25%
4.0 Virtualization and Cloud Computing
11%
5.0 Hardware and Network Troubleshooting
29%
220-1101 CERTIFICATION EXAM OBJECTIVE MAP
Objective
Chapter(s)
1.0 Mobile Devices
1.1 Given a scenario, install and configure laptop hardware and components
1
1.2 Compare and contrast the display components of mobile devices
2
1.3 Given a scenario, set up and configure accessories and ports of mobile devices
3
1.4 Given a scenario, configure basic mobile-device network connectivity and application support
4
2.0 Networking
2.1 Compare and contrast Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ports, protocols, and their purposes
5
and
6
2.2 Compare and contrast common networking hardware
7
2.3 Compare and contrast protocols for wireless networking
8
2.4 Summarize services provided by networked hosts
9
2.5 Given a scenario, install and configure basic wired/wireless small office/home office (SOHO) networks
10
2.6 Compare and contrast common network configuration concepts
11
2.7 Compare and contrast Internet connection types, network types, and their features
12
2.8 Given a scenario, use networking tools
13
3.0 Hardware
3.1 Explain basic cable types and their connectors, features, and purposes
14
3.2 Given a scenario, install the appropriate RAM
15
3.3 Given a scenario, select and install storage devices
16
3.4 Given a scenario, install and configure motherboards, central processing units (CPUs), and add-on cards
17
and
18
3.5 Given a scenario, install or replace the appropriate power supply
19
3.6 Given a scenario, deploy and configure multifunction devices/printers and settings
20
3.7 Given a scenario, install and replace printer consumables
21
4.0 Virtualization and Cloud Computing
4.1 Summarize cloud-computing concepts
22
and
23
4.2 Summarize aspects of client-side virtualization
23
5.0 Hardware and Network Troubleshooting
5.1 Given a scenario, apply the best practice methodology to resolve problems
24
5.2 Given a scenario, troubleshoot problems related to motherboards, RAM, CPU, and power
25
5.3 Given a scenario, troubleshoot and diagnose problems with storage drives and RAID arrays
26
5.4 Given a scenario, troubleshoot video, projector, and display issues
27
5.5 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common issues with mobile devices
28
5.6 Given a scenario, troubleshoot and resolve printer issues
29
5.7 Given a scenario, troubleshoot problems with wired and wireless networks
30
NOTE
Exam objectives are subject to change at any time without prior notice and at CompTIA's discretion. Please visit CompTIA's website (www.comptia.org) for the most current listing of exam objectives.
HOW TO CONTACT THE PUBLISHER
If you believe you've found a mistake in this book, please bring it to our attention. At John Wiley & Sons, we understand how important it is to provide our customers with accurate content, but even with our best efforts an error may occur. In order to submit your possible errata, please email it to our Customer Service Team at [email protected] with the subject line “Possible Book Errata Submission.”
PART IDomain 1.0: Mobile Devices
Chapter 1
Laptop Hardware
Chapter 2
Mobile Device Displays
Chapter 3
Mobile Device Ports and Accessories
Chapter 4
Mobile Device Network Connectivity and Application Support
Mobile Devices is the first domain of CompTIA's A+ Core 1 exam. It provides the foundational knowledge that IT professionals need to work with laptops, smartphones, and other devices used by end users. This domain has four objectives.
1.1 Given a scenario, install and configure laptop hardware and components
1.2 Compare and contrast the display components of mobile devices
1.3 Given a scenario, set up and configure accessories and ports of mobile devices
1.4 Given a scenario, configure basic mobile-device network connectivity and application support
Questions from this domain make up 15 percent of the questions on the A+ Core 1 exam, so you should expect to see approximately 13 questions on your test covering the material in this part.
CHAPTER 1Laptop Hardware: Core 1 Objective 1.1: Given a scenario, install and configure laptop hardware and components.
Laptops outsell other PC types, so you're more likely to be in charge of maintaining them, upgrading them, and preparing them for use.
Although laptops include the same categories of components as desktop computers, their form factors are smaller, and in many cases the performance and capacity of those components may be less than their desktop counterparts.
Laptops also include features that enhance portability and security enabling them to be used anywhere securely.
In this chapter, you will learn everything you need about A+ Certification Core 1 Objective 1.1, including the following topics:
Hardware/device replacement
Physical privacy and security components
WHAT IS A LAPTOP?
A laptop is a portable computer with a built-in display that folds on top of the base unit. A laptop has the same categories of components (RAM, CPU, ports, cooling system) as a desktop computer but uses parts with smaller form factors for portability. Figure 1.1 illustrates a typical laptop, a MacBook Air.
FIGURE 1.1A typical laptop.
A laptop also differs from a desktop in having a built-in keyboard, camera, microphone, speakers, pointing device, battery power with an AC connection for recharging, and display. Most of these are visible in Figure 1.1.
Although laptops are much smaller and typically have smaller drive and RAM capacities than high-end desktops, laptops are capable of performing almost any job a desktop can do, from lightweight web surfing to photo and video editing and 3D gaming.
For the purposes of this chapter, convertible (2-in-1) devices that switch between conventional clamshell and tablet modes and tablets with attachable keyboards, such as Microsoft's Surface Pro series, are considered laptops.
EXAM TIP
The Core 1 exam likes to use drag-and-drop simulations for system assembly and troubleshooting, so be sure to study the equipment and troubleshooting examples in this book carefully.
LAPTOP BATTERY POWER
Although laptops include AC adapters for recharging, most laptops are powered at least part of the time by their internal batteries. Depending upon the laptop model, the battery might be user-replaceable or require a trip to the repair shop.
Figure 1.2 shows a typical laptop battery that is user-replaceable. This battery can be removed by sliding a switch on the bottom of the unit to release the retaining mechanism.
FIGURE 1.2A user-replaceable battery after being removed from a laptop.
Some recent laptops require the user to remove the bottom cover to access the battery. However, ultra-thin and convertible models typically have built-in batteries that require a near-complete teardown to access them. These batteries often use a wired connection to the laptop motherboard.
Laptop batteries may be rated by watt-hours (Wh) or milliampere hours (mAh). To increase run time on battery power, use a higher-rated battery if more than one rating is available.
WARNING
Before replacing a battery or any other internal component, be sure to disconnect the laptop from AC power and shut down the unit.
LAPTOP KEYBOARD AND SPECIAL LAPTOP KEYS
Laptop keyboards typically have layouts similar to desktop keyboards, although the positioning and size of arrow keys may be different, and some keyboards lack a dedicated number pad. However, the biggest difference between laptop keyboards and desktop keyboards is the presence of special laptop keys. There are no standards for the number and positions of laptop keys, so different laptops might feature different combinations of some of the following (see Figure 1.3 for an example):
Volume controls
Play/pause/forward/rewind media controls
Switch to external display
Enable/disable on-board Wi-Fi
Display brightness
Display contrast
FIGURE 1.3The top and bottom rows of a typical Windows laptop keyboard. Use the Fn key to activate the special laptop keys.
These keys are usually combined with other keys, such as function (F1–F12) keys. Switching to the secondary key assignment is done by pressing and holding the Fn key and then pressing the key. Depending upon the laptop model, the primary key assignment might be the function keys, or it might be the laptop keys.
Laptop keyboards are often more fragile than desktop keyboards and are thus easier to suffer broken keys. Replacements are model-specific. To replace a laptop keyboard, follow this basic procedure:
Consult the laptop's service manual to determine whether the laptop keyboard is fastened to the bottom of the laptop base. If it is, remove the necessary screws.
Gently remove the plastic molding around the edge of the keyboard using special case-removal tools.
Pry up the laptop carefully until the interface cable is visible. It is typically a flat cable.
Carefully disconnect the interface cable (see
Figure 1.4
) from the motherboard.
Lift the keyboard out of the system.
Connect the new keyboard's interface cable to the motherboard and snap the keyboard into place.
Replace the plastic molding around the keyboard.
Fasten the keyboard back into place with the necessary screws.
Reconnect the laptop to power and check the keyboard.
FIGURE 1.4Preparing to disconnect the keyboard interface cable from a typical laptop motherboard.
LAPTOP RAM
Random access memory (RAM) is the workspace where data loaded while being processed by the CPU. Laptop computers use various types of double data rate (DDR) synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) dual-inline memory modules (DIMMs) with speeds and capacities similar to the RAM used in desktop computers. However, laptop computers use a smaller RAM module form factor known as small outline DIMM (SODIMM or SO-DIMM). Current laptop models use DDR5 or DDR4 SO-DIMM, but you might encounter laptops that use older DDR3 SO-DIMM modules (see Figure 1.5).
SODIMM Memory Module Connection Sizes
DDR5 262 pins, keying notch in center
DDR4 288 pins, keying notch in center
DDR3 204 connectors (pins), keying notch to left
FIGURE 1.5From left to right, typical DDR5, DDR4, and DDR3, SO-DIMM modules.
EXAM TIP
When adding RAM to a laptop, be sure to determine the supported type, speeds, and sizes for the particular laptop model. Many memory vendors have online system checkers or databases you can use to find compatible modules for a given system.
Some laptops offer easy access to RAM sockets for upgrading. In the example shown in Figure 1.6, a panel on the bottom of the laptop is removed to provide access to RAM. Some laptops have separate panels for access to other user-upgradeable components such as mass storage or wireless cards, while others use a single larger panel to cover multiple components.
FIGURE 1.6Inserting an SODIMM module into place (left) and after it has been locked into position (right).
By contrast, other laptops require that the system be dismantled to the motherboard level to provide access to the memory modules. With systems like this, it is necessary to remove the keyboard, mass storage devices, and other components before memory can be upgraded or replaced.
The memory upgrade/installation process follows this basic outline:
After consulting the service manual, remove the cover or other components necessary to access the module sockets.
If you need to remove one or more existing modules to make room for other modules, push the spring-loaded holders out of the way until the module pops out, and carefully remove it. Place it in an anti-static bag or container.
