Damage Mechanics of Cementitious Materials and Structures E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 277

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013

Beschreibung

The book, prepared in honor of the retirement of Professor J. Mazars, provides a wide overview of continuum damage modeling applied to cementitious materials. It starts from micro-nanoscale analyses, then follows on to continuum approaches and computational issues. The final part of the book presents industry-based case studies. The contents emphasize multiscale and coupled approaches toward the serviceability and the safety of concrete structures.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Preface

Chapter 1: Bottom-Up: From Atoms to Concrete Structures

1.1. Introduction

1.2. A realistic molecular model for calcium-silicate-hydrates

1.3. Probing C-S-H microtexture by nanoindentation

1.4. Conclusions

1.5. Bibliography

Chapter 2: Poromechanics of Saturated Isotropic Nanoporous Materials

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Results from molecular simulations

2.3. Poromechanical model

2.4. Adsorption-induced swelling and permeability change in nanoporous materials

2.5. Discussion – interaction energy and entropy

2.6. Conclusions

2.7. Acknowledgments

2.8. Bibliography

Chapter 3: Stress-based Non-local Damage Model

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Non-local damage models

3.3. Initiation of failure

3.4. Bar under traction

3.5. Description of the cracking evolution in a 3PBT of a concrete notched beam

3.6. Conclusions

3.7. Acknowledgments

3.8. Bibliography

Chapter 4: Discretization of Higher Order Gradient Damage Models Using Isogeometric Finite Elements

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Isotropic damage formulation

4.3. Isogeometric finite elements

4.4. Numerical simulations

4.5. Conclusions

4.6. Acknowledgments

4.7. Bibliography

Chapter 5: Macro and Mesoscale Models to Predict Concrete Failure and Size Effects

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Experimental procedure

5.3. Numerical simulations

5.4. Conclusions

5.5. Acknowledgments

5.6. Bibliography

Chapter 6: Statistical Aspects of Quasi-Brittle Size Effect and Lifetime, with Consequences for Safety and Durability of Large Structures

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Type-I size effect derived from atomistic fracture mechanics

6.3. Size effect on structural lifetime

6.4. Consequences of ignoring Type-2 size effect

6.5. Conclusion

6.6. Acknowledgments

6.7. Bibliography

Chapter 7: Tertiary Creep: A Coupling Between Creep and Damage – Application to the Case of Radioactive Waste Disposal

7.1. Introduction to tertiary creep

7.2. Modeling of tertiary creep using a damage model coupled to creep

7.3. Comparison with experimental results

7.4. Application to the case of nuclear waste disposal

7.5. Conclusions

7.6. Bibliography

Chapter 8: Study of Damages and Risks Related to Complex Industrial Facilities

8.1. Context

8.2. Introduction to risk management

8.3. Case study: computation process

8.4. Application

8.5. Conclusion

8.6. Acknowledgment

8.7. Bibliography

Chapter 9: Measuring Earthquake Damages to a High-Strength Concrete Structure

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Overview of the selected testing methods

9.3. Two-storey HPC building

9.4. Inducing damage – pseudo-dynamic testing procedures

9.5. Evaluating damage – forced vibration testing procedures

9.6. Damage detection – analytical evaluation

9.7. Summary and conclusions

9.8. Bibliography

List of Authors

Index

First published 2012 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address:

ISTE Ltd27-37 St George’s RoadLondon SW19 4EUUKJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.111 River StreetHoboken, NJ 07030USAwww.iste.co.ukwww.wiley.com

© ISTE Ltd 2012

The rights of Gilles Pijaudier-Cabot and Frédéric Dufour to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Damage mechanics of cementitious materials / edited by Gilles Pijaudier-Cabot, Frederic Dufour. p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-84821-340-1

1. Concrete--Deterioration. 2. Fracture mechanics. I. Pijaudier-Cabot, Gilles. II. Dufour, Frederic.

TA440.D285 2012

620.1'36--dc23

2011044636

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-84821-340-1

Preface

This book is prepared in honor of the retirement of Prof. Jacky Mazars, following a workshop held in Schladming (Austria) in March 2010 under the auspices of Oxand SA with whom Jacky has been closely related recently.

Mazars graduated in 1972 from Ecole Normale Supérieure de l’Enseignement Technique in Cachan. He obtained what was at that time the highest degree at the university, the thèse de Doctorat d’Etat, from the University of Pierre and Marie Curie – Paris in 1984.

His association with Ecole Normale Supérieure de l’Enseignement Technique, which later on became Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Cachan, has played a pivotal role in his scientific career and also had a major impact on the scientific community in civil engineering. It was at the beginning of his career that continuum damage mechanics took off in France under the impulse of Prof. Jean Lemaitre. Mazars took on his share of this job, applying the principles of continuum damage modeling to concrete. His pioneering doctoral thesis is the angular block on which many scientists in civil engineering built their career and research activities.

During the 1980s, Mazars directed the research group at the Laboratoire de Mécanique et Technologie in Cachan. He has been at the origin of research in Civil Engineering in Cachan and his group, with others in Paris and in Lyon, took the leadership in computational mechanics of concrete structures in France. At that time, research in civil engineering emerged with the help of CNRS within the GRECO Géomatériaux, and Cachan became a major contributor to this collaborative network. It was also in Cachan that the workshop on Damage and Strain Localization was held in 1988, co-chaired by Zdeněk Bažant and Jacky Mazars. Strain and damage localization was a very hot topic at that time and this workshop contributed a lot to the international recognition of the French school on this subject.

The involvement of Mazars at ENS de Cachan has not been limited to research. After being promoted to full professor in 1989, he took on the chairmanship of the Civil Engineering department in 1990 and created the Master’s in Civil Engineering at Cachan. Very soon this Master’s program became a reference, due not only to the quality of the research and teaching environment, but also to the close links that Jacky contributed to create and enrich with major French-speaking universities: Laval and Sherbrooke in Québec, Liège in Belgium, and Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale in Lausanne. This Master’s program and the specificity of ENS, a school entirely devoted to the formation of professors and researchers, created the best conditions for a number of cooperation programs leading to joint PhDs and to international research programs (European programs, Nato sponsorship, France-Berkeley funds, etc.). In 1995, Mazars became the Deputy Director of ENS Cachan. This time it was ENS “at large” that benefited from his energy and his involvement toward a solid and equilibrated development of research and academic programs. For sure, Jacky did not withhold his time and effort for the benefits of all the faculty staff and students in Cachan.

During the 1990s, after a strong cooperation with EDF related to thermo-hygro-mechanical-coupled effects in concrete dams, Jacky’s interests in research shifted from durability problems to earthquake engineering; he promoted very important research programs on the new shaking table at CEA Saclay (CASSBA, CAMUS, etc.) and in the framework of JRC Ispra networks. He also became the vice-president of the French Association of Earthquake Engineering (AFPS).

The year 2000 was a turning point in Jacky’s career. He moved to Grenoble at the Institut National Polytechnique and geared his research activities toward risk assessment and vulnerability of structures. He created the federation of laboratories “VOR” (vulnerability of structures against risks) and started an association with the “Ministry of Defense – DGA” dealing with the dynamic response of concrete structures. This partnership brought the Giga testing machine in Grenoble, a unique piece of equipment from which very original research results have been obtained and many others are expected. Mazars became the Director of the Laboratoire “Sols, Solides, Structures and Risques (3S-R)” in 2003. He left this position when he became Professor Emeritus at the end of 2009.

Mazars has contributed with key results in constitutive modeling of structural concrete, dynamic, and seismic response of concrete structures, durability and experiments under very high confinement pressures. He belongs to the group of leading experts in these fields in France and in the international community. He has directed many national and international projects and is on the advisory committee of several scientific journals. He has supervised 32 PhD candidates and written over 40 peer-reviewed papers. Jacky’s motivation for research and teaching (he is still a Professeur associé at Sherbrooke University) has always been close to industrial and practical issues. This is an outstanding quality, not a simple idea but a spirit put to practice. He is recognized as an expert by EDF for nuclear infrastructures and this is also what has been behind his involvement with Oxand over the past years, just to “put the ideas at work”.

Our first idea was to conceive the workshop in Shladming as a friendly gathering aimed at honoring Mazars’s achievements. After the workshop, however, and in view of the quality and the wide scope of the various talks from the invited speakers, we thought that we should grasp the opportunity of assembling a volume dedicated to the recent advances in the spectrum covered by Jacky’s involvement in research. The keyword in this involvement is certainly damage mechanics applied to cementitious materials and more importantly to civil engineering structures. This is exactly the road map of this volume, starting with considerations at the molecular level in the first two chapters and ending with applied case studies on industrial or full-scale structures. In between, fracture and damage of concrete is certainly the link. Modern issues dealing with size/scale effects, deterministic and probabilistic failure models, advanced constitutive modeling, and computational schemes are addressed, providing henceforth a “panorama” of outstanding recent achievements in the modeling of concrete and concrete structures.

Gilles PIJAUDIER-CABOT

Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, France

Frédéric DUFOUR

Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, France

Chapter 2

Poromechanics of Saturated Isotropic Nanoporous Materials1

Poromechanics offers a consistent theoretical framework for describing the mechanical response of porous solids. When dealing with fully saturated nanoporous materials, which exhibit pores of the nanometer size, additional effects due to adsorption and confinement of the fluid molecules in the smallest pores must be accounted for. From the mechanical point of view, these phenomena result in volumetric deformations of the porous solid, the so-called “swelling” phenomenon, and in a change of the apparent permeability. The present work investigates how poromechanics may be refined in order to capture adsorption and molecular-packing-induced effects in nanoporous solids. The revisited formulation introduces an effective pore pressure, defined as a thermodynamic variable at the representative volume element scale (mesoscale), which is related to the mechanical