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This issue contains 27 papers from The American Ceramic Society's 40th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, held in Daytona Beach, Florida, January 24-29, 2016. This issue includes papers presented in the following Symposia and Focused Sessions: Symposium 2 - Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental, and Functional Applications; Symposium 10 - Virtual Materials (Computational) Design and Ceramic Genome; Symposium 11 - Advanced Materials and Innovative Processing Ideas for the Industrial Root Technology; Symposium 12 - Materials for Extreme Environments: Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics; and Emerging Technologies Symposium-Carbon Nanostructures; and Focused Session 1 - Geopolymers and Chemically Bonded Ceramics.

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Developments in Strategic Ceramic Materials II

A Collection of Papers Presented at the40th International Conference onAdvanced Ceramics and Composites January 24–29, 2016 Daytona Beach, Florida

Edited by Waltraud M. Kriven Jingyang WangYanchun ZhouDongming ZhuGustavo Costa

Volume Editors Manabu Fukushima Andrew Gyekenyesi

Copyright © 2017 by The American Ceramic Society. All rights reserved.

Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

Published simultaneously in Canada.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.

ISBN: 978-1-119-32178-1 ISSN: 0196-6219

CONTENTS

Preface

Introduction

Geopolymers

Durability Performance of Alkali-Activated Metakaolin, Slag, Fly Ash, and Hybrids

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental Procedures

Results & Discussion

Summary and Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

MICA Platelet-Reinforced Geopolymer Composites

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental

Results

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Influence of Mix Design Parameters on Geopolymer Mechanical Properties and Microstructure

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental Investigation

Experimental Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Thermal Performance of Metakaolin-Based Geopolymers: Volume Stability and Residual Mechanical Properties

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental Program

Experimental Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Effect of Phyllosilicate Type on the Microstructure and Properties of Kaolin-Based Ceramic Tapes

Abstract

Introduction

Materials

Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion and Prospects

Acknowledgement

References

Effect of Alkali Cations on the Polycondensation Reaction

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental

Results

Discussion

Conclusions

References

Development of a Mold for Thermoplastics Based on a Phosphate Cement

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental Work

Results and Discussion

Proof of Concept

Conclusions

References

Properties of Cork Particle Reinforced Sodium Geopolymer Composites

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental Procedure

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

Acknowledgement

References

The Role of Alkaline Earth Ions in Geopolymer Binder Formation

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental Part

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

References

Investigations of the Thermally Induced Hydrogen Release of NaBH

4

, NH

3

BH

3

and Their Geopolymer Composites

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

References

IR-Spectroscopic Investigation of Geopolymer and CSH-Phase Stability on Heating Temperature in Post-Fired Building Materials

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

References

Mixed Alkali Regional Metakaolin-based Geopolymer

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental Procedures

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Bamboo-Geopolymer Composite: A Preliminary Study

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Cements from Commercial Sodium Waterglass and Sodium Waterglass from Rice Husk Ash: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Experimental Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Recycling of Grog by Addition into Heavy Clay Ceramic Manufacturing

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Virtual Materials Design and Ceramic Genome

Q-State Monte Carlo Simulations of Magnetic Anisotropy Applied to Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic Materials

Abstract

Introduction

The Model

Results

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

First Principles Study of Defect Formation in Bulk B

6

O

Abstract

Introduction

Computational Details

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Modeling of Damage in an MMC with Lamellar Microstructure

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Experimental

Analytical Modelling

FE Modelling

Results and Discussion

Conclusions and Outlook

Acknowledgement

References

Micro-Computed Tomography Image based Thermo-Elastic Properties Studies of Freeze-Cast MMC

Abstract

Introduction

Materials and Experimental

Material Modelling and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgement

References

Materials for Extreme Environments

Densification and Phase Evolution of SHS Derived Ti

2

AlN Active Precursor Powders During Hot Pressing Processes

Abstract

Introduction

Preparation

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Max Phase Materials for Nuclear Applications

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Analysis of Dynamic Young's Modulus and Damping Behavior of ZrB

2

-SiC Composites by the Impulse Excitation Technique

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Advanced Ceramic Coatings

Study of Effect of Hafnium Addition on Oxidation Resistance of βNiAl Coatings Prepared by an in-situ Chemical Vapour Deposition Method

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental

Results

TGO

Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Mass Transfer Mechanism in Mullite Under Oxygen Potential Gradients at High Temperatures

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Emerging Technologies— Carbon Nanostructures

SnO

2

-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite for Ethanol Sensing at Room Temperature

Abstract

Introduction

Experimental

Results and Discussion

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

References

Author Index

EULA

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1

Chemical composition of solid materials (wt%)

Table 2

Mixture proportion of alkali-activated metakaolin (AAMK), fly ash (AAB), slag (AAH) and hybrids in weight ratio

Table 3

Mixture proportions of OPC, modified-OPC, and AAC mortar prisms

Chapter 2

Table 1

Thermal conductivity of geopolymer composites as a function of mica content

Chapter 3

Table 1

Chemical composition of Meta Max (Metakaolin from BASF Co., Germany)

Table 2

Mix proportion of metakaolin geopolymers

Chapter 4

Table I

Chemical composition (by weight) of MetaMax (Metakaolin from BASF)

Table II

Mix proportion of metakaolin geopolymers

Chapter 5

Table 1

Chemical compositions (wt.%) of the different clays

Table 2

Characteristic sizes and other physical parameters of kaolin, talc and palygorskite

Chapter 6

Table 1

Physical and chemical feature of silicate solutions before and after the addition of hydroxide pellets

Table 2

Physical and chemical features of metakaolin

Chapter 9

Table 1

The chemical compositions of the various geopolymer binders with A= Ca, Mg or Sr

Chapter 11

Table 1

Compressive strength of samples AAMK and AAH

Chapter 12

Table 1

Chemical composition of KA and MKA by XRF

Table 2

Average compressive strength of 25x50-mm tested samples with Weibull parameters

Table 3

Average 4-point flexural strength of 30x12-mm tested samples with Weibull parameters

Chapter 13

Table 1

Third-point loading flexural strength results and Weibull parameters

Chapter 14

Table 1

Chemical composition of Dibo, RHA and PRHA in mass percent

Table 2

Compressive strength of geopolymer cements (MPa), the values of main band on the IR spectra of geopolymer cements (cm

-1

) and mass loss (%)

Chapter 15

Table I

Chemical composition of the raw materials (wt %)

Chapter 17

Table I

Change in cohesive energy (Δ CE) and Percent Unit Cell Volume Contraction for single and multi-atom 1

st

, 2

nd

, 3

rd

, and 4

th

nearest neighboring vacancies in B

6

O. See Figure 2 for site notation. Note: B

p-intericosahedral

is the inter-icosahedral link to a polar boron site from nearest neighboring boron icosahedra and Ochain is the nearest neighboring oxygen to O1

Chapter 18

Table 1

Chapter 20

Table I

Phase composition of Ti

2

AlN SHS synthesis products

Table II

Phase evolution of hot-pressed SHS derived Ti

2

AlN powders obtained as a result of synthesis of 3Al + 4 Ti

3

Al under 1.5 atm. nitrogen pressure [wt.%]

Table III

Phase evolution of hot-pressed SHS derived Ti

2

AlN powders obtained as a result of synthesis of 2Al + 4 Ti

3

Al under 1.5 atm. nitrogen pressure [wt.%]

Table IV

Phase evolution of hot-pressed SHS derived Ti

2

AlN powders obtained as a result of synthesis of 2Al + 4 Ti

3

Al under 5 atm. nitrogen pressure [wt.%]

Table V

Apparent densities of hot-pressed Ti

2

AlN materials [g/cm

3

]

Chapter 21

Table 1

The investigated Zr-Al-C starting compositions, sintering temperatures and identified phase assemblies. The majority phases are indicated in bold. The composition of the Zr

4

AlC

3

, Zr

3

AlC

2

and Zr

2

AlC nominal stoichiometries are presented in the bottom three rows

Table 2

Experimental lattice parameters for the Zr

2

AlC and Zr

3

AlC

2

compounds, as obtained by Rietveld refinement of the XRD spectra

Table 3

Mechanical properties of Nb

4

AlC

3

and (Nb

0.85

,Zr

0.15

)

4

AlC

3

at room temperature

Chapter 22

Table I

Mechanical properties of ZrB

2

-SiC composites

Table II

Coefficients A

0

, A

1

and A

2

of (3) with T in (°C) and E in (GPa), obtained from the best fits to the experimental data shown in Figure 4. In the last column, the goodness of the fit is given by the coefficient of determination R

2

Table III

Damping peaks and temperature for each ZrB

2

-SiC composite

Chapter 23

Table 1

show an averaged EDS point analysis taken at different locations of coating cross-sections as-deposited condition

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Preface

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Preface

This CESP proceedings issue contains a total of 25 contributions from select symposia held during the 40th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC), in Daytona Beach, FL, January 24–29, 2016.

The wide range of topics in this issue were presented in the following Symposia and Focused Sessions:

Symposium 2—Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental, and Functional Applications

Symposium 10—Virtual Materials (Computational) Design and Ceramic Genome

Symposium 12—Materials for Extreme Environments: Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics and Nanolaminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides

Focused Session 1—Geopolymers and Chemically Bonded Ceramics

Emerging Technologies Symposium on Carbon Nanostructures

The editors wish to thank the symposium organizers for their time and efforts, the authors and presenters for their contributions; and the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions. In addition, acknowledgments are due to the officers of the Engineering Ceramics Division of The American Ceramic Society and the 2016 ICACC program chair, Andrew Gyekenyesi, for their support. It is the hope that this volume becomes a useful resource for academic, governmental, and industrial efforts.

WALTRAUD M. KRIVEN, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA JINGYANG WANG, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China YANCHUN ZHOU, Aerospace Research Institute of Material & Processing Technology, China

DONGMING ZHU, NASA Glenn Research Center, USA GUSTAVO COSTA, NASA Glenn Research Center, USA

Introduction

This collected proceedings consists of 104 papers that were submitted and approved for the proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC), held January 24–29, 2016 in Daytona Beach, Florida. ICACC is the most prominent international meeting in the area of advanced structural, functional, and nanoscopic ceramics, composites, and other emerging ceramic materials and technologies. This prestigious conference has been organized by the Engineering Ceramics Division (ECD) of The American Ceramic Society (ACerS) since 1977. This year's meeting continued the tradition and added a few grand celebrations to mark its 40th year.

The 40th ICACC hosted more than 1,100 attendees from 42 countries that gave over 900 presentations. The topics ranged from ceramic nanomaterials to structural reliability of ceramic components, which demonstrated the linkage between materials science developments at the atomic level and macro level structural applications. Papers addressed material, model, and component development and investigated the interrelations between the processing, properties, and microstructure of ceramic materials.

The 2016 conference was organized into the following 17 symposia and 5 Focused Sessions:

Symposium 1

Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites

Symposium 2

Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental, and Functional Applications

Symposium 3

13th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC): Materials, Science, and Technology

Symposium 4

Armor Ceramics: Challenges and New Developments

Symposium 5

Next Generation Bioceramics and Biocomposites

Symposium 6

Advanced Materials and Technologies for Direct Thermal Energy Conversion and Rechargeable Energy Storage

Symposium 7

10th International Symposium on Nanostructured Materials: Functional Nanomaterials and Thin Films for Sustainable Energy Harvesting, Environmental and Health Applications

Symposium 8

10th International Symposium on Advanced Processing & Manufacturing Technologies for Structural & Multifunctional Materials and Systems

Symposium 9

Porous Ceramics: Novel Developments and Applications

Symposium 10

Virtual Materials (Computational) Design and Ceramic Genome

Symposium 11

Advanced Materials and Innovative Processing ideas for the Production Root Technology

Symposium 11

Materials for Extreme Environments: Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) and Nano-laminated

Symposium 12

Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases)

Symposium 13

Advanced Materials for Sustainable Nuclear Fission and Fusion Energy

Symposium 14

Crystalline Materials for Electrical, Optical and Medical Applications

Focused Session 1

Geopolymers, Chemically Bonded Ceramics, Eco-friendly and Sustainable Materials

Focused Session 2

Advanced Ceramic Materials and Processing for Photonics and Energy

Focused Session 3

Materials Diagnostics and Structural Health Monitoring of Ceramic Components and Systems

Focused Session 4

Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies

Focused Session 5

Field Assisted Sintering and Related Phenomena at High Temperatures

Focused Session 6

Hybrid Materials and Processing Technologies

Focused Session 7

40th Jubilee Symposium: Engineered Ceramics'Current Status and Future Prospects

Special Symposium

5th Global Young Investigators Forum

Special Symposium

Emerging Technologies Symposium: Carbon Nanostructures and 2D Materials and Composites

The proceedings papers from this conference are published in the below seven issues of the 2016 CESP; Volume 37, Issues 2–7, as listed below.

Mechanical Properties and Performance of Engineering Ceramics and Composites XI, CESP Volume 37, Issue 2 (includes papers from Symposium 1)

Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electronic Ceramics II, CESP Volume 37, Issue 3 (includes papers from Symposia 3 and 14)

Advances in Ceramic Armor, Bioceramics, and Porous Materials, CESP Volume 37, Issue 4 (includes papers from Symposia 4, 5, and 9)

Advanced Processing and Manufacturing Technologies for Nanostructured and Multifunctional Materials III, CESP Volume 37, Issue 5 (includes papers from Symposia 8 and 11 and Focused Sessions 4 and 5)

Ceramic Materials for Energy Applications VI, CESP Volume 37, Issue 6 (includes papers from Symposia 6 and 13 and Focused Session 2)

Developments in Strategic Materials II, CESP Volume 37, Issue 7 (includes papers from Symposia 2, 10, 12, Focused Sessions 1, and the Special Symposia on Carbon).

The organization of the Daytona Beach meeting and the publication of these proceedings were possible thanks to the professional staff of ACerS and the tireless dedication of many ECD members. We would especially like to express our sincere thanks to the symposia organizers, session chairs, presenters and conference attendees, for their efforts and enthusiastic participation in the vibrant and cutting-edge conference.

ACerS and the ECD invite you to attend the 41st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (http://www.ceramics.org/icacc2017) January 23-28, 2017 in Daytona Beach, Florida.

To purchase additional CESP issues as well as other ceramic publications, visit the ACerS-Wiley Publications home page at www.wiley.com/go/ceramics.

MANABU FUKUSHIMA, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), JapanANDREW GYEKENYESI, Ohio Aerospace Institute/NASA Glenn Research Center, USA

Volume Editors August 2016

Geopolymers