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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Bildung
- Sprache: Englisch
Get your ACT together with this smart study guide! For over 20 years, the fun-and-friendly Dummies ACT guides have helped college hopefuls like you crush it on test day and get into the schools of their dreams! ACT 2022 For Dummies makes it easy to pump up your English, math, science, and readings scores, and to write circles around the graders, if you choose to take the optional writing test. You're about to launch into the rest of your life! With book's straight-to-the-point explanations, practice questions, and full-length tests--and a side of laughter, courtesy of the teen-approved Dummies style--you can ace the ACT and start your college career with confidence. Forgot how to solve for x? Can't tell your hyphens from your hypotheses? No worries! Review it all--or maybe figure it out for the first time--in no time with explanations that complement your teachers' lessons--and are definitely funnier. Then, figure out what you'll face on the ACT with practice exams, including explanations of every answer. By the time you make it to test day, you'll be stress-free and ready to succeed! * Boost your chances of getting into the college of your dreams by earning higher scores on the ACT entrance exam * Hit the books, Dummies style, with clear explanations of what's on the ACT and tips for smarter studying * Practice till you're ready with flash cards, online practice tests, and drills on all the subject areas * Understand the college admissions process and make sure your application stands out Begin your post-high school journey on the right foot with ACT 2022 For Dummies!
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ACT® 2022 For Dummies®
Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com
Copyright © 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey
Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2021938612
ISBN 978-1-119-81152-7 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-119-81153-4 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-119-81154-1 (ebk)
ACT® 2022 For Dummies®
To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “ACT 2022 For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box.
Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Introduction
About This Book
Foolish Assumptions
Icons Used in This Book
Beyond the Book
Where to Go from Here
Figuring Out How Long All This Studying Will Take
Part 1: Coming to Terms with Reality: An Overview of the ACT
Chapter 1: Getting Your ACT Together: ACT 101
What to Take to the ACT
What Not to Take to the ACT
What to Do If You Have Special Circumstances
Guessing for Points to Maximize Your Score
Your Number’s Up: Scoring on the ACT
What the ACT Expects You to Know
Repeating the Test for a Better Score
Chapter 2: Succeeding on the ACT
Surviving the ACT with Four Stress-Busters
Avoiding a Few Dumb Mistakes That Can Mess Up Your ACT
Chapter 3: Surviving the College Admissions Process
What’s the Main Thing Colleges Look For?
How Do Higher ACT Scores Increase My Scholarship Chances?
Do Schools Care Whether I Repeat the ACT?
What Classes Should I Take in High School?
How Helpful Are Sports and Charity?
What Should I Say on the College Essay?
What Will They Ask Me in the Interview and What Should I Say?
How Do I Decide Which School Is Best for Me?
What’s the Biggest Mistake Most Students Make in College Planning?
How Do I Make My Final Decision?
Part 2: Serving Your “Sentence”: The English Test
Chapter 4: Mastering the English Test
Figuring Out What the English Questions Want You to Know
Seeing Is Believing: The Test’s Format
Their Pain, Your Gain: Looking Out for Traps That Others Fall into
Chapter 5: Getting a Grip on Grammar and Usage
Reviewing the Parts of Speech
Piecing Together the Parts of a Sentence
Keeping Track of Punctuation Rules for Every Occasion
Chapter 6: Spotting Usage Errors and Ripping through Rhetorical Questions
Spotting Questions That Test Standard English Conventions
Checking for Proper Production of Writing
Chapter 7: It’s Not What You Say but How You Say It: English Practice Questions
Part 3: Don’t Count Yourself Out: The Math Test
Chapter 8: Number Nuts and Bolts
The Wonderful World of Numbers
Minor Surgery: Basic Math Operations
Focusing on Fractions, Decimals, and Percentages
Eyeing Ratios and Proportions
Covering Your Bases: Exponents
Smooth Operator: Order of Operations
Dealing with Average, Median, Mode, and More
Abracadabra: Elementary Algebra
Chapter 9: Getting into Shapes: Geometry and Trig Review
Toeing the Line
Analyzing Angles
Triangle Trauma
Thanks 4 Nothing: A Quick Look at Quadrilaterals
Missing Parrots and Other Polly-Gones (Or Should We Say “Polygons”?)
Running Around in Circles
Trying Your Hand at Trigonometry
Chapter 10: Algebra and Other Sleeping Aids
Suffering Inequalities
Using Your Imagination: Complex Numbers
Too Hip to Be Square: Roots and Radicals
Thinking Exponentially: Logarithms
Barely Functioning with Functions
Taking a Flight on the Coordinate Plane
Picking Your Way through Percent Increase, Probability, Permutations, and Combinations
Setting Up Sequences
Managing Matrices
Chapter 11: Numb and Number: Acing the Mathematics Test
What You See Is What You Get: The Format and Breakdown of the Math Test
Absence Makes the Heart Grow Fonder: What Isn’t on the Math Test
Getting into the Grind: The Approach
Translating English into Math
Time Flies When You’re Having Fun: Timing Tips
Do’s, Don’ts, and Darns: What to Do and Not Do on the Math Test
Chapter 12: More Fun than a Root Canal: Mathematics Practice Questions
Part 4: Time to Read the Riot ACT: The Reading Test
Chapter 13: This, Too, Shall Pass(age): Sailing through the Reading Test
Facing 40 Questions: The Reading Test
Getting Prepared: Reading Strategies
Identifying Reading Question Types
Figuring Out Reading Question Formats
Approaching Comparative Passages
Chapter 14: Where Are SparkNotes When You Need Them? Reading Practice Questions
Part 5: Studying Brain Defects in Laboratory Rats: The Science Test
Chapter 15: From Frankenstein to Einstein: Excelling on the Science Test
Examining the Science Test’s Format
Classifying Passage Format
Analyzing Tables, Graphs, and Diagrams
Examining Experimental Procedures
Immersing Yourself in Answer Choices
Considering Question Types
Chapter 16: Faking Atomic Ache Won’t Get You out of This: Science Practice Questions
Passage
Initial Analysis
Questions
Part 6: Writing Rightly: The Optional Writing Test
Chapter 17: Excelling on Your Essay: The Writing Test Review
What to Expect From the ACT Writing Test
Making the Grade: How the ACT Folks Score Your Essay
Examining the Prompt and Creating a Thesis
Putting Up Your Dukes: Defending Your Perspective
Throwing a Good First Punch: The Hook
The Proof Is in the Pudding: Defending Yourself
Hamburger Writing: Organizing Your Essay
Wielding the Red Pen: Editing and Proofing
Writing Don’ts
Reviewing Some Example Essays and Their Scores
Chapter 18: Practicing Promptly with Practice Prompts: Essay Practice Questions
Writing Prompt 1
Writing Prompt 2
Part 7: Putting It All Together with Three Full-Length Practice ACTs
Chapter 19: Practice Exam 1
Answer Sheet
English Test
Mathematics Test
Reading Test
Science Test
Writing Test
Chapter 20: Practice Exam 1: Answers and Explanations
English Test
Mathematics Test
Reading Test
Science Test
Writing Test
Score One for Your Side: The Scoring Guide
Answer Key for Practice Exam 1
Chapter 21: Practice Exam 2
Answer Sheet
English Test
Mathematics Test
Reading Test
Science Test
Writing Test
Chapter 22: Practice Exam 2: Answers and Explanations
English Test
Mathematics Test
Reading Test
Science Test
Writing Test
Answer Key for Practice Exam 2
Chapter 23: Practice Exam 3
Answer Sheet
English Test
Mathematics Test
Reading Test
Science Test
Writing Test
Chapter 24: Practice Exam 3: Answers and Explanations
English Test
Mathematics Test
Reading Test
Science Test
Writing Test
Answer Key for Practice Exam 3
Part 8: The Part of Tens
Chapter 25: Ten Wrong Rumors about the ACT
You Can’t Study for the ACT
Different States Have Different ACTs
The ACT Has a Passing Score
The ACT Tests IQ
You Can’t Use a Calculator on the ACT
You Should Never Guess on the ACT
The ACT Is Easier Than the SAT
Selective Colleges Prefer the SAT to the ACT
You Have to Write an Essay
You Shouldn’t Take Both the SAT and the ACT
Chapter 26: Attention, Parents! Ten Ways You Can Help Your Child Succeed on the ACT
Give Awesome Test-Prep Materials
Encourage Studying
Supply a Good Study Environment
Take Practice Tests Together
Model Good Grammar
Help Memorize Math Formulas
Encourage Reading
Explore Colleges Together
Arrive at the Test Site on Time
Help Keep a Proper Perspective
Index
About the Authors
Advertisement Page
Connect with Dummies
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 1
TABLE 1-1 ACT Breakdown by Section
Chapter 5
TABLE 5-1 Verb Tenses
Chapter 6
TABLE 6-1 Commonly Tested Words and Expressions
Chapter 9
TABLE 9-1 Reciprocal Trigonometric Functions
Chapter 10
TABLE 10-1 Mathematical Symbols for Inequality
TABLE 10-2 Logarithm Rules
TABLE 10-3 Finding the Probability of the Occurrence of Multiple Events
Chapter 11
TABLE 11-1 Common Words and Their Math Counterparts
Chapter 15
TABLE 15-1: Effect of Paraloxin Variation on Samanity Rate in
Braisia Idioticus
Chapter 20
Table 20-1 Scoring Guide
List of Illustrations
Chapter 8
FIGURE 8-1: Number categories.
FIGURE 8-2: Prime factorization.
Chapter 9
FIGURE 9-1: Line and line segment.
FIGURE 9-2: Types of lines.
FIGURE 9-3: Basic angles.
FIGURE 9-4: Complementary and supplementary angles.
FIGURE 9-5: Reflex angle.
FIGURE 9-6: Angles that measure 360 degrees.
FIGURE 9-7: Vertical angles have equal measures.
FIGURE 9-8: Corresponding angles have equal measures.
FIGURE 9-9: Equilateral, isosceles, and scalene triangles.
FIGURE 9-10: The largest angle is opposite the longest side.
FIGURE 9-11: The sum of the lengths of two sides of a triangle is greater than ...
FIGURE 9-12: The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180 degrees.
FIGURE 9-13: The measure of an exterior angle is equal to the sum of the two re...
FIGURE 9-14: Similar triangles have proportionate sides.
FIGURE 9-15: The height of a triangle.
FIGURE 9-16: The perimeter of a triangle.
FIGURE 9-17: A 3:4:5 triangle.
FIGURE 9-18: A 5:12:13 triangle.
FIGURE 9-19: Ratio for a 45:45:90 triangle.
FIGURE 9-20: Ratio for a 30:60:90 triangle.
FIGURE 9-21: Using the ratio for a 30:60:90 triangle to find the lengths of the...
FIGURE 9-22: A quadrilateral.
FIGURE 9-23: A square.
FIGURE 9-24: A rhombus.
FIGURE 9-25: A rectangle.
FIGURE 9-26: A parallelogram.
FIGURE 9-27: A trapezoid.
FIGURE 9-28: Not all quadrilaterals have special names.
FIGURE 9-29: Volume of a cube.
FIGURE 9-30: Volume of a rectangular solid.
FIGURE 9-31: Volume of a cylinder.
FIGURE 9-32: The radius of a circle.
FIGURE 9-33: The midpoint of a circle.
FIGURE 9-34: The diameter equals two radii.
FIGURE 9-35: Two examples of a chord.
FIGURE 9-36: Area of a circle.
FIGURE 9-37: A central angle.
FIGURE 9-38: An inscribed angle.
FIGURE 9-39: Central and inscribed angles with the same endpoints.
FIGURE 9-40: An arc on a circle.
FIGURE 9-41: Tangent line.
FIGURE 9-42: Two tangent lines from one external point.
FIGURE 9-43: The unit circle.
FIGURE 9-44: Comparison of radian and degree measurements.
FIGURE 9-45: Graph of y = cos x.
FIGURE 9-46: Graph of tangent functions.
FIGURE 9-47: Triangle demonstrating the Law of Sines and the Law of Cosines.
Chapter 10
FIGURE 10-1: The coordinate plane.
FIGURE 10-2: A line connecting points with the same
x
- and
y
-coordinates.
FIGURE 10-3: Graphing lines and inequalities.
FIGURE 10-4: Graphs of parabolas.
FIGURE 10-5: Components of an ellipse.
FIGURE 10-6: Components of a hyperbola.
FIGURE 10-7: Fourth-degree function.
Chapter 15
FIGURE 15-1: Example of a graph you may see on the Science Test.
Guide
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Table of Contents
Begin Reading
Index
About the Authors
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Introduction
Welcome to ACT 2022 For Dummies. This is a nondiscriminatory, equal-opportunity book. You’re welcome to participate whether you’re a genius or (like us) you need a recipe to make ice. Besides, the book’s title is not a slam at you. You’re not the dummy; the test is (and we’ve heard it called worse, believe us — especially on the Friday night before the exam).
The goal of this book is to show you exactly how to survive the ridiculous situation called the ACT. No matter how excellent your high school teachers are (or were), they’ve prepared you for the real world, a world that, alas, has very little connection to the ACT. High school teachers can give you a good foundation in grammar, reading, science, and math skills (the areas tested on the ACT), but you may want to think of them as the friendly old GPs, the general practitioners whose job it is to keep you well and handle the little day-to-day problems. What do you do when you have a crisis, like the ACT, that’s making you really sick? We like to think of ACT 2022 For Dummies, as a loony but gifted specialist you can call when your situation becomes desperate.
No one wants to deal with the eccentric specialist for too terribly long. The goal of this book, just like the goal of the expert, is to come in with the Code Blue crash cart, deal with the situation, and then leave rapidly with as few lives destroyed as possible. This book has one goal: to prepare you for the ACT — period. We’re not here to teach you every grammar rule ever created or every math formula that Einstein knew. We don’t include any extra “filler” material to make this book look fat and impressive on bookstore shelves. If you want a thick book to use as a booster seat for the vertically challenged, go find War and Peace. If you’re looking for something that you can use to prepare you for the ACT as quickly and painlessly as possible, again we say to you, welcome to ACT 2022 For Dummies.
About This Book
You likely can’t escape the ACT. Many colleges require you to take this entrance exam before they’ll even look at your application. Virtually every college accepts scores from either the ACT or the SAT. (Wiley just so happens to publish SAT For Dummies as well, should you choose to take that exam.) Many students decide to take both tests to see which one results in a better score. Is that a good idea? Absolutely. Even better, take practice tests for both (you can download a free full-length ACT from www.act.org and eight complete SATs from www.collegeboard.org) to see which one suits you best and then concentrate on just that test.
Many colleges emphasize ACT scores to compensate for grade inflation. That is, some high schools may give you an A for doing the same level of work that would gain you a C at other high schools. Because the ACT is the same for everyone (students all over the world take the exact same exam), colleges can use the scores to get inside your head and see what’s really there. Think of this test as an opportunity, not a crisis: A good ACT score may help offset a low GPA. In just a few hours one fine Saturday morning, you can make up a little for a few mishaps in school.
In ACT 2022 For Dummies, you find out what types of questions are on the exam, which questions you should work on carefully, and which ones you’re better off guessing at quickly. (Good news: The ACT has no penalty for wrong answers, so guess on absolutely every question you don’t know.) We also help you figure out which approach to use for each type of question, and, perhaps most importantly, we show you some traps that are built into each question style. We’ve been test-prep tutors for many years and have developed a list of the “gotchas” that have trapped thousands of students over the years. We show you how to avoid being trapped, too.
This book is also full of the substantive information that you need to know, including grammar rules and geometry, algebra, and arithmetic formulas. Occasionally, we include some truly sick humor on the principle that, as you’re groaning at our jokes, you won’t notice that you’re suffering from the questions. (Hey, as the mushroom said to his friends, “Of course, everyone likes me. I’m a fun-gi!”)
Note to nontraditional students: The days of high school may be just a fading memory for you (along with your thin waistline and full head of hair). We recognize that not everyone taking the ACT is a high school junior or senior. Maybe you took a few years off to build your career or to nurture a family (or to pay your debt to society) and are now having to go back and review what you thought you had left behind years ago. It can be totally frustrating to have to deal with proper punctuation or quadratic equations all over again. Postpone your nervous breakdown. Things aren’t as dismal as they look. You’ll probably be surprised how quickly material comes back to you as you go through this book.
Foolish Assumptions
Although you could’ve picked up this book just because you have an insatiable love for English, math, reading, and science, we’re betting you picked it up because you have to take the ACT. (Isn’t it good to know at the outset that your authors have a remarkable grasp of the obvious?) And because we weren’t born yesterday, we figure that you’re taking the ACT in anticipation of applying to college. How exciting for you!
Because we’ve rarely met a person who actually looks forward to taking standardized entrance exams, we’re lumping you into the category of “readers who are going into the ACT kicking and screaming.” Okay, maybe we’re being overly dramatic, but we’ve got a hunch that you’re not especially excited about the prospect of spending four hours of precious sleeping-in time sitting in a stark classroom, darkening endless ovals on a bubble sheet under the watchful eye of a heartless proctor who continues to yell “Time!” before you’ve finished the section. Call us crazy!
Nevertheless, you picked up this book, so we assume that getting the best ACT score you can is important to you and that you care enough to sacrifice some of your free time to achieve that goal. Good for you!
Here are the other assumptions we’ve made about you while writing this book:
You’re a high school student, and, like most high school students, you carry a full course load, participate in a number of extracurricular activities, may even have a job, and prefer to carry on a social life. Or you may have already graduated from high school and may hold down a career and tend to a family. Either way, you don’t want us to waste your time with a bunch of stuff that isn’t on the ACT. For instance, as much as we enjoy creating vocabulary flashcards, we don’t share those with you in this book because you don’t need to memorize word meanings to ace the ACT.
You’re not all work and no play. We want to make studying for the ACT as painless as possible, so we’ve tried to lighten things up a bit with a few jokes. Forgive us, please. Some are really lame.
Because you’re college-bound, you’ve spent some years engaged in a college-prep curriculum that includes algebra, geometry, and likely a little algebra II and trigonometry. We’re pretty sure you’ve had your fair share of English, social studies, and science classes, and you’ve written an essay or two. Therefore, we don’t bore you too much with the elementary stuff. (We do, however, cover the basic math and grammar concepts that you may have forgotten.)
Icons Used in This Book
Some information in this book is really, really important. We flag it by using an icon. Here’s a list of the icons we use and details about what they mean:
Follow the arrow to score a bull’s-eye by using the tips we highlight with this icon.
Burn this stuff into your brain or carve it into your heart; it’s the really important material. If you skip or ignore the Remember icons, you won’t get your money’s worth out of this book.
This icon marks sample problems.
Pay heed to this advice and avoid the potential pitfall.
Beyond the Book
In addition to what you’re reading right now, this book comes with a free access-anywhere Cheat Sheet that includes tips to help you prepare for the ACT. To get this Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and type “ACT For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box.
You also get access to all the full-length online practice tests and dozens of flashcards. To gain access to the online practice, all you have to do is register. Just follow these simple steps:
Register your book or ebook at Dummies.com to get your PIN. Go to
www.dummies.com/go/getaccess
.
Select your product from the dropdown list on that page.
Follow the prompts to validate your product, and then check your email for a confirmation message that includes your PIN and instructions for logging in.
If you do not receive this email within two hours, please check your spam folder before contacting us through our Technical Support website at http://support.wiley.com or by phone at 877-762-2974.
Now you’re ready to go! You can come back to the practice material as often as you want — simply log on with the username and password you created during your initial login. No need to enter the access code a second time.
Your registration is good for one year from the day you activate your PIN.
Where to Go from Here
You’ve probably heard the joke about the student who was debating whether to buy a book at the bookstore. The sales clerk, eager to make his commission, proclaims, “Buy this book — it’ll do half the work for you!” The student brightens up and exclaims, “Great! I’ll take two!”
As much as we wish we could simply transfer test-taking material into your brain in one dump, we realize that learning it takes effort on your part. Meet us halfway. We’ve done our job by showing you what to study and how to go about it; now it’s your turn. We suggest two ways to use this book:
Fine-tune your skills.
Maybe you’re already a math whiz and just need help with the English grammar. Go right to the English review we provide in
Part 2
. If, on the other hand, you’re a grammar guru who wouldn’t know a nonagon if you met one in a dark alley, turn to the math review we offer in
Part 3
.
Start from scratch.
Grab a sack of food and some sharpened pencils, lock yourself in your room, and go through this book word for word. Don’t worry; it’s not as bad as it seems. Actually, starting from scratch is the preferred method. Many students make what we call the “mediocre mistake”: They’re good at one section, mediocre at a second, and dismal at the third. They spend all their time in their worst section and barely look at the sections that they’re mediocre or good in. Big mistake! If you spend two hours studying something that’s totally incomprehensible to you, you may improve your score a few points. If you spend two hours studying your mediocre material, you may improve your score by one or two points. A couple of points that you gain in your mediocre section are just as valuable as — and a heck of a lot easier to gain than — the same number of points you gain in your weakest section. Humor us and read the book from cover to cover. You’ll pick up some great material.
Regardless of whether you hunt and peck your way through the chapters or approach the first six parts consecutively, absolutely take the three practice tests in Part 7. How you choose to use the full-length practice tests is entirely up to you. However, may we suggest two tried-and-true methods?
Diagnostic:
Take the first practice exam to see how you score. Then devour the subject reviews and advice we provide in the first six parts of the book. Finish by taking the other two practice tests to see how much your score has improved.
Pure practice:
Devour the reviews and advice first and use the three full-length exams to practice and reinforce what you’ve learned in the rest of the book.
Either way, you may choose to save one of the exams to practice on during the days right before you take the ACT. That way, you can walk into the test site with the test questions fresh in your brain.
After you’ve covered the information in this book, you may discover that you need more in-depth English or math review. Or maybe you just can’t get enough of this stuff! Several Wiley publications are available to accommodate you; just search for the most recent editions. Dig more deeply into the rules of Standard English in English Grammar For Dummies and find tons of grammar practice in the English Grammar Workbook For Dummies both by Geraldine Woods. Those of you who are math challenged will find these books helpful: ACT Math For Dummies and SAT Math For Dummies by Mark Zegarelli; Algebra I For Dummies and Algebra II For Dummies by Mary Jane Sterling; and Geometry For Dummies by Mark Ryan (all by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.).
Figuring Out How Long All This Studying Will Take
In the real world, you have classes, family obligations, community service projects, sports practices, work, and, if you’re lucky, a social life. How on earth are you going to fit reviewing this book and studying for the ACT into your schedule? The answer is that you have to commit to this project and make it a priority. How many hours should you carve out of your schedule? Here’s what we suggest.
Reading the ACT overview in the first three chapters shouldn’t cut out too much of your free time, no more than 30 minutes. Other parts require more of an investment.
The five parts of the book that review English, math, writing, reading, and science contain one or more chapters that explain how to approach the subject at hand and one short chapter full of practice questions. Soaking up the information in the explanations and taking the short practice tests should take you about an hour or two per test subject.
Additionally, the English Test part features a very important grammar review that we strongly suggest you spend at least an hour or two studying. Even if you’re good at grammar, this section features all sorts of persnickety grammar rules, just the type that (with your luck) you’d get caught on during the ACT. Finally, the Math Test part features a pretty comprehensive math review — number basics, geometry, algebra, coordinate geometry, and trigonometry — that should take you about three hours to fully absorb.
And don’t forget the three full-length practice tests, of course. Each of the tests takes 2 hours and 55 minutes to complete (a half hour longer with the Writing Test), not including breaks. Give yourself about an hour to review the answer explanations for each exam. That should be enough time for you to review the answer explanations to every question and to take advantage of the opportunity to see shortcuts you may not have noticed or traps you luckily avoided. So taking and reviewing each exam should take you about 4 or 5 hours. Here’s the final timetable:
Activity
Time
Reading the ACT overview
30 minutes
Reviewing the approaches to the five test topics and working through the practice questions at 1.5 hours per topic
7.5 hours
Absorbing the four math review chapters at 1 hour per chapter
3 hours
Engrossing yourself in the grammar review chapter at 2 hours
2 hours
Enjoying the three full-length practice exams at 4 hours per exam
12 hours
Groaning in pain at the authors’ lame jokes
15 minutes
Firing off letter complaining about authors’ lame jokes (or sending along better ones!)
15 minutes
TOTAL TIME
26 hours
Fear not: You don’t have to do it all in a day. The last thing we advocate is sleep deprivation! This book is designed so that you can start any part at any time. You don’t have to have finished the general math chapter, for example, before you go through the general reading chapter.
Okay, are you ready? Are you quivering with anticipation, living for the moment when you can pick up your yellow No. 2 pencil and hold on for the thrill of a lifetime? (Or are you thinking, “These authors need to get a life!”?) Listen, you’re going to take the ACT anyway, so you may as well have a good time learning how to do so. Laughing while learning is the whole purpose of this book. Take a deep breath, rev up the brain cells, and go for it! Good luck. Just remember that for you, ACT can come to stand for Ace Conquers Test!
Part 1
Coming to Terms with Reality: An Overview of the ACT
IN THIS PART …
Get cozy with the format and content of the ACT and develop a checklist of the items to take with you to the exam (and leave home). Find out how your efforts will be scored and when it's a good idea to take the ACT for a second, or even third, time.
Develop a plan to beat stress during the test and learn other ways to avoid messing up your performance so that you can achieve your best possible score.
Benefit from the advice of seasoned college counselors to help you answer the question, “What do colleges want from me?”
Chapter 1
Getting Your ACT Together: ACT 101
IN THIS CHAPTER
Figuring out what — and what not — to take to the ACT
Dealing with unusual circumstances
Taking a chance with dumb-luck guessing
Knowing what to expect on the ACT and understanding how the test’s scoring works
Repeating the ACT if necessary
Are you the type of person who jumps into the cold water all at once instead of dipping your toe in a little at a time? If so, do we have a table for you! Table 1-1 gives you an overview of the ACT and shocks you with the entire kit and caboodle all at once.
TABLE 1-1 ACT Breakdown by Section
Test
Number of Questions
Time Allotted
English
75
45 minutes
Mathematics
60
60 minutes
Reading
40
35 minutes
Science
40
35 minutes
Writing (optional)
1
40 minutes
If you add up the numbers, you find that you have 216 multiple-choice questions to answer in 215 minutes; 215 minutes is 3 hours and 35 minutes, or just over 3.5 hours. You get one 10-minute break between the second and third tests (the Mathematics and Reading Tests). You may also encounter an extra 20-minute section after the Science Test that the ACT will use to determine the difficulty of questions for later exams. If you choose not to take the optional Writing Test, you get to walk out right after that. If you include the time in the classroom spent giving out the tests, explaining the directions, checking IDs, answering the Interest Inventory questions, and so on, your whole morning is shot. You may as well figure on giving up 4 to 4.5 hours for this test.
THE COMPUTER-BASED ACT
If you take the ACT in a country other than the United States, your exam is offered on computer rather than on paper. This computerized option has been available for several years and is becoming more common at testing sites in the United States.
The question types, numbers of questions, and scores are the same for both tests; the difference is in the method of delivery. The computer-based ACT, or CBT, provides handy tools that allow you to approach it in much the same way you would for the paper test:
Highlighter and line reader: Use these tools to focus on important data and sentences.Answer eliminator and masker: Use these tools to help you mark out wrong answers.Magnifier: This tool allows you to read the fine print for charts and graphs in the science questions.You also have a timer to keep track of your time and the ability to move between questions and mark them for later review.
The ACT has plans to expand the digital version of the ACT and make it more widely available throughout the United States.
What to Take to the ACT
If you can’t borrow the brain of that whiz kid in your calculus class for the day, you’re stuck using your own. To compensate, be sure that you have the following with you before you leave for the ACT test center:
Admission ticket:
You receive your ticket immediately after you register online. Be sure to print it out so you have it for test day.
Pencils:
Take a bunch of sharpened No. 2 pencils with you. You may also want to take good erasers (nothing personal — everyone makes mistakes). Mechanical pencils aren’t allowed.
Map or directions:
Go to the test center a few days before the actual exam to scope out your driving route and parking area. Often, the ACT is given at high schools or colleges that have parking lots far, far away from the test rooms. Drive to the location a few days in advance, park your car, and see just how long it takes you to get to the room. You don’t need the stress of having to run to the test room at the last minute on test day.
Clothing:
Schools that host the ACT often turn off the heat for the weekend (the ACT is usually offered on a Saturday), and the test room can be freezing cold. Alternately, in the summer, schools turn off the air conditioning, making the room boiling hot. Dress in layers and be prepared for anything.
Photo ID:
Showing the birthmark your boyfriend or girlfriend thinks is so cute isn’t going to cut it with the test proctor. You need to upload a photo when you register for the test and bring a photo ID (student ID, driver’s license, passport, military ID, FBI Most Wanted mug shot, whatever) to the exam. If you don’t have a photo ID, you can bring a letter of identification. The form is available on the official ACT website (
act.org
).
Eyeglasses:
Students taking the ACT frequently forget their reading glasses at home and then squint for the four long hours of the test. The ACT is enough of a headache on its own; you don’t need eyestrain, as well. If you wear contacts, be sure to bring cleaning/wetting solution in case you have to take the lenses out and reinsert them during the break. (Hey, all those tears can really mess up your lenses!)
Snack:
True, you get only one ten-minute break between the Math and Reading Tests, but that’s enough time to gobble down something to jump-start your brain. We often suggest taking an energy bar or some peanuts, something with protein and carbohydrates. Scarfing down a candy bar is actually counterproductive; your sugar levels rise only momentarily and then drop down below where they were before you had your chocolate fix.
Watch:
Keeping track of time on your own timepiece is more efficient than wasting precious seconds seeking out the clock on the testing site wall. Place your watch on the desk where you can refer to it easily throughout the exam. Digital watches may not be allowed. Stick with ones that have faces and hands. Your watch can’t make any sounds either. If the proctor hears so much as a beep from your watch, she will not-so-politely request that you leave the building and cancel your test.
Calculator:
The ACT gurus allow you to use a calculator only on the Mathematics Test. Although the ACT information bulletin has an entire quarter page detailing which calculators you can and cannot use, generally, you can use any calculator (yes, even a graphing calculator) as long as it doesn’t make a noise or have a computer algebra system. Make sure the one you bring has at least a square root function and, ideally, basic trigonometry functions. You may not use a laptop computer (don’t laugh; you’d be surprised by how many students want to bring one to the test!).
What Not to Take to the ACT
Do not, we repeat do not, take any of the following items with you to the ACT test room:
Cellphones and other electronic devices:
Leave your cellphone in the car. You aren’t allowed to bring it into the test room. One student we know was dismissed from the test because he accidentally left his cellphone in his pocket, and it rang during the exam. The same goes for other electronics, such as iPads, PC tablets, or anything else that can access the Internet or make a sound.
Books and notes:
Take it from us: Last-minute studying doesn’t do much good. So leave all your books at home; you aren’t allowed to take them into the test room with you. (Just be sure to fill your parents in on this rule. We once had a student whose mother drove all the way to the test center with her daughter’s ACT prep book, thinking the girl needed it for the test. The mom actually pulled the girl out of the test to give her the book, resulting in the girl’s nearly being disqualified from the test.)
Scratch paper:
You may not bring your own scratch paper to the paper-based test, and you don’t receive any scratch paper during the exam. Fortunately, the exam booklet has plenty of blank space on which you can do your calculations.
What to Do If You Have Special Circumstances
Not everyone takes the ACT under the same conditions. You may have a special circumstance that can allow you to change the date of the ACT or the way you take your exam. Here are a few of the special circumstances that may affect how you take the ACT:
Learning disabilities:
If you have a diagnosed learning disability (LD), you may be able to get special accommodations, such as more time to take the test. However, you must specifically request such accommodations way in advance. Prepare your requests for fall tests by the prior June and for spring tests by the prior September. Please note that in order to be eligible for special testing on the ACT, your LD must have been diagnosed by a professional, and you should have a current individualized education plan at school that includes extended test time. Talk to your counselor for more information. Note that you can only request special accommodations in conjunction with a test registration.
Physical disabilities:
If you have a physical disability, you may be able to take a test in a special format — in Braille, large print, or on audio. Go to the official ACT website (
act.org
) for complete information about special testing.
Religious obligations:
If your religion prohibits you from taking a test on a Saturday, you may test on an alternate date. The ACT registration website specifies dates and locations in each state.
Military duty:
If you’re an active military person, you don’t complete the normal ACT registration form. Instead, ask your Educational Services Officer about testing through DANTES (Defense Activity for Nontraditional Educational Support).
Guessing for Points to Maximize Your Score
Scoring on the ACT is very straightforward:
You get one point for every answer you get right.
You get zero points for every answer you omit.
You get zero points for every answer you get wrong.
The ACT doesn’t penalize you for wrong answers. Therefore, guessing on the ACT obviously works to your advantage. Never leave any question blank. We suggest that you save a couple of seconds at the end of each section just to go through the test and make sure that you’ve filled in an answer for every single question.
Your Number’s Up: Scoring on the ACT
We once had a frustrated student tell us that the scores on the ACT looked a lot like measurements to him: 34, 29, 36. However, the ACT has four scores, which makes for a very strange set of measurements! The ACT scores are nothing like high school scores based on percentages. They’re not even like the familiar SAT scores that range from 200 to 800. Instead, they range from 1 to 36. Scoring on the ACT works like this:
Each required test (English, Mathematics, Reading, and Science) receives a
scaled score
between 1 (low) and 36 (high).
The
composite score
is the average of the four required test-scaled scores.
If you take the ACT Plus Writing (which is the official title for the ACT with the optional Writing Test), you receive a Writing score that ranges from 2 (low) to 12 (high). The score is the sum of the average of each of the four subscores you receive from each of the two people who grade your essay. The Writing Test score is completely separate from your composite ACT score.
A percentile score tells you where you rank in your state and nationwide.
Look at the percentiles. Just knowing that you got a 26 doesn’t tell you much. You need to know whether a 26 is in the 50th percentile, the 75th percentile, or the 99th percentile. If you get a 36, you have documented lifetime bragging rights because that’s a perfect score!
You may see additional readiness indicators. A STEM Score represents overall performance on the math and science sections. An English Language Arts Score combines your performance on the English, Reading, and Writing Tests. The Progress Toward Career Readiness Indicator measures your progress toward career readiness for a variety of careers. The Understanding Complex Tests indicator tells you whether you're sufficiently understanding text material for college and career level reading. Colleges will see these scores, but they aren’t combined in any way with your ACT composite.
The ACT website (act.org) provides a sample score report and scoring information that shows you what all these scores look like when you and your colleges of choice receive them.
What the ACT Expects You to Know
The ACT tests the following subjects:
English:
The ACT expects you to know the fundamentals of grammar, usage, punctuation, diction, and rhetorical skills. For example, you must understand sentence construction — what makes a run-on and what makes a fragment. You need to know how to distinguish between commonly confused words, like
affect
and
effect
or
principal
and
principle.
You must be able to use the proper forms of words, distinguishing between an adjective and an adverb, and you must know the difference between a comma and a semicolon.
Part 2
addresses the English portion of the test.
Mathematics:
The ACT requires basic skills in arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. If you’ve had two semesters of algebra, two semesters of geometry, and a general math background, you have the math you need to answer about 90 percent of the questions. The ACT also tests algebra II and trigonometry. Oh, and you don’t have to know calculus. The ACT has no calculus questions. Happy day! Refer to
Part 3
for more.
Reading:
The ACT expects you to be able to read a passage in a relatively short amount of time and answer questions based on it. Your reading skills are probably pretty set by now. However, this fact doesn’t mean you can’t improve your ACT Reading score.
Chapter 13
shows you a few tricks you can use to improve your speed and tells you how to recognize and avoid traps built into the questions.
Science:
You don’t have to have much specific science background to ace the Science Test. The passages may test chemistry, biology, botany, physics, or any other science, but you don’t have to have had those courses. The test gives you all the information you need to answer most of the science questions in the passages, diagrams, charts, and tables. Head to
Part 5
for more about the Science Test.
Writing (optional):
The ACT folks added this optional section to test your writing ability. Don’t worry! You’ve been writing for years, and the ACT people know that you can’t possibly write a perfect essay in a measly 40 minutes. They’re not focusing on perfection; instead, they’re looking at your thesis, organization, and ability to support your thoughts. The ACT doesn’t require you to write the essay, and few colleges require or even recommend the essay. The essay portion of the ACT may be eliminated from the test entirely in future administrations.
Part 6
gives you the lowdown on the Writing portion of the ACT.
Repeating the Test for a Better Score
Are you allowed to repeat the ACT? Yes. Should you repeat the ACT? Probably. Other than the additional cost (both financial and emotional) required to test again, there is no real downside to retesting. Decide whether you want to repeat the ACT based on your answers to the following questions:
What errors did I make the first time around?
If your mistakes were from a lack of knowledge, that is, you just plain didn’t know a grammar rule or a math formula, you can easily correct those mistakes with studying.
Why do I want to repeat the test?
Is your ego destroyed because your best friend got a better score than you did? That’s probably not a good enough reason to retake the ACT. Do retake the exam if you’re trying to get a minimum qualifying score to enable you to get into a college or earn a scholarship.
Can I go through this all over again?
How seriously did you take studying the first time around? If you gave it all you had, you may be too burned out to go through the whole process again. On the other hand, if you just zoomed through the test booklet and didn’t spend much time preparing for the test, you may want a second chance to show your stuff.
Were my mistakes caused by factors that were not my fault?
Maybe you were in a fender-bender on your way to the exam, or perhaps you stayed up late the night before in an argument with your parents or your best friend. If you just weren’t up to par when you took the exam, definitely take it again, and this time be sure to get a good night’s sleep the night before.
The ACT may allow students to retake individual sections in the near future. For example, If you want to improve your Science score but are happy with your other section scores, you can use a digital version of the test to take just the Science section. The ACT had scheduled the release of section testing for September 2020 but postponed its plans indefinitely to focus on the testing challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. We predict that section testing will become available in 2021, likely in September, but the release date is currently unknown. When the time comes, keep in mind these considerations:
Section retesting will be available on Saturday national exam dates at locations that provide digital (computerized) testing. For more about the computer-based ACT, see the sidebar in this chapter.
You may retest only if you’ve already taken the full ACT at least once.
The ACT will provide a score report with your highest section scores and include a new composite score (called a
superscore
) calculated from the average of those scores, but whether colleges prefer to use the traditional score report or the report with the superscore results will be up to each individual college.
Section retakes will be offered only by computer, and scores will likely be available within two business days of testing.
The ACT doesn’t automatically send colleges the scores for every time you take the test. It gives you the option of deciding which set of scores you want colleges to see. If you don’t want to report the results of all your tests, keep these issues in mind:
The ACT automatically sends scores to the colleges you list on your test registration form.
If you want to wait until after you see your report to decide whether certain colleges can see your scores for a particular test administration, don’t list those colleges with your ACT registration.
Many colleges figure your ACT composite score by averaging the highest scores you get in each section across all administrations of the test.
They refer to this practice as
superscoring
the ACT. If you get a 24 in English, a 21 in Math, a 23 in Reading, and a 25 in Science the first time you take the ACT and a 25, 20, 24, and 24, respectively, the second time, these colleges will figure your composite score by averaging your higher 25 English score, 21 Math score, 24 Reading score, and 25 Science score. Your composite score for each administration would be 23, but the composite score the colleges calculate would be 24. Therefore, you may want the colleges to get reports from all the times you take the ACT so that they can superscore your highest section scores. When the ACT institutes section retesting and the superscore report, your highest section scores will appear on one report, and (if colleges allow), you’ll only have to send (and pay for) one report.
A handful of colleges require you to report your scores from every test date.
Check with the admissions committee at the colleges to which you’re applying to make sure they allow you to withhold score reports from particular test dates.
A growing number of colleges allow you to self-report your ACT scores. Those colleges consider the ACT scores you list on your college applications or report within the college’s online portal, depending on the policies of the individual school, to make admissions decisions. You only send an official score report after you’ve been admitted to and have decided to attend that particular college. Self-reporting allows you to save the money you’d have spent to send official score reports to every college on your application list. If you’re able to take advantage of the self-reporting option, be sure to follow the college’s procedures exactly and report your scores accurately. A discrepancy between the scores you report on your application and the scores that appear on your official report could be ground for rescinding your college acceptance.
Chapter 2
Succeeding on the ACT
IN THIS CHAPTER
Mellowing, chilling, and relaxing before and during the ACT
Identifying and sidestepping some easy ways to mess up your score
