Applications of NMR Spectroscopy: Volume 6 E-Book
32,64 €
Mehr erfahren.
- Herausgeber: Bentham Science Publishers
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Serie: Applications of NMR Spectroscopy
- Sprache: Englisch
Applications of NMR Spectroscopy is a book series devoted to publishing the latest advances in the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in various fields of organic chemistry, biochemistry, health and agriculture.
The sixth volume of the series features reviews focusing on NMR spectroscopic techniques for studying tautomerism, applications in medical diagnosis, in food chemistry and identifying secondary metabolites.
Sie lesen das E-Book in den Legimi-Apps auf:
Seitenzahl: 418
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017
Ähnliche
Applications of NMR
Spectroscopy
(Volume 6)
Edited By
Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS
M. Iqbal Choudhary
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD.
End User License Agreement (for non-institutional, personal use)
This is an agreement between you and Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. Please read this License Agreement carefully before using the ebook/echapter/ejournal (“Work”). Your use of the Work constitutes your agreement to the terms and conditions set forth in this License Agreement. If you do not agree to these terms and conditions then you should not use the Work.
Bentham Science Publishers agrees to grant you a non-exclusive, non-transferable limited license to use the Work subject to and in accordance with the following terms and conditions. This License Agreement is for non-library, personal use only. For a library / institutional / multi user license in respect of the Work, please contact: [email protected].
Usage Rules:
All rights reserved: The Work is the subject of copyright and Bentham Science Publishers either owns the Work (and the copyright in it) or is licensed to distribute the Work. You shall not copy, reproduce, modify, remove, delete, augment, add to, publish, transmit, sell, resell, create derivative works from, or in any way exploit the Work or make the Work available for others to do any of the same, in any form or by any means, in whole or in part, in each case without the prior written permission of Bentham Science Publishers, unless stated otherwise in this License Agreement.You may download a copy of the Work on one occasion to one personal computer (including tablet, laptop, desktop, or other such devices). You may make one back-up copy of the Work to avoid losing it. The following DRM (Digital Rights Management) policy may also be applicable to the Work at Bentham Science Publishers’ election, acting in its sole discretion:25 ‘copy’ commands can be executed every 7 days in respect of the Work. The text selected for copying cannot extend to more than a single page. Each time a text ‘copy’ command is executed, irrespective of whether the text selection is made from within one page or from separate pages, it will be considered as a separate / individual ‘copy’ command.25 pages only from the Work can be printed every 7 days.3. The unauthorised use or distribution of copyrighted or other proprietary content is illegal and could subject you to liability for substantial money damages. You will be liable for any damage resulting from your misuse of the Work or any violation of this License Agreement, including any infringement by you of copyrights or proprietary rights.
Disclaimer:
Bentham Science Publishers does not guarantee that the information in the Work is error-free, or warrant that it will meet your requirements or that access to the Work will be uninterrupted or error-free. The Work is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied or statutory, including, without limitation, implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to the results and performance of the Work is assumed by you. No responsibility is assumed by Bentham Science Publishers, its staff, editors and/or authors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products instruction, advertisements or ideas contained in the Work.
Limitation of Liability:
In no event will Bentham Science Publishers, its staff, editors and/or authors, be liable for any damages, including, without limitation, special, incidental and/or consequential damages and/or damages for lost data and/or profits arising out of (whether directly or indirectly) the use or inability to use the Work. The entire liability of Bentham Science Publishers shall be limited to the amount actually paid by you for the Work.
General:
Any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with this License Agreement or the Work (including non-contractual disputes or claims) will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the U.A.E. as applied in the Emirate of Dubai. Each party agrees that the courts of the Emirate of Dubai shall have exclusive jurisdiction to settle any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with this License Agreement or the Work (including non-contractual disputes or claims).Your rights under this License Agreement will automatically terminate without notice and without the need for a court order if at any point you breach any terms of this License Agreement. In no event will any delay or failure by Bentham Science Publishers in enforcing your compliance with this License Agreement constitute a waiver of any of its rights.You acknowledge that you have read this License Agreement, and agree to be bound by its terms and conditions. To the extent that any other terms and conditions presented on any website of Bentham Science Publishers conflict with, or are inconsistent with, the terms and conditions set out in this License Agreement, you acknowledge that the terms and conditions set out in this License Agreement shall prevail.Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. Executive Suite Y - 2 PO Box 7917, Saif Zone Sharjah, U.A.E. Email: [email protected]
PREFACE
NMR Spectroscopy, over the years, has emerged as one of the most robust spectroscopic techniques for a variety of applications. Developed by physicists, and embraced initially by the chemists and later by biochemists, NMR spectroscopy is now owned by the communities of scientists in all major disciplines, including biology, medicine, chemistry, and agriculture and geological sciences.
The 6th volume of the book series entitled, “Application of NMR Spectroscopy”, is an attempt to update readers on some of the most important developments in the use of NMR. spectroscopy The broad fields covered in these chapters include NMR-based metabolomics for medical diagnosis, cellular studies and industrial applications, NMR techniques for structure determination and dynamic studies on chemicals obtained from different sources.
Allegretti et al. focussed their review on various NMR techniques used in the study of tautomerism. These NMR experiments can provide information about the causes of stabilization of different tautomeric forms, and help in predicting the reactivity, physical properties and biological behaviour of organic molecules. The authors have used examples of different classes of organic molecules, such as ketonitriles, ketoamides, salicylaldimines, etc., to demonstrate the power of NMR techniques in the study of rapid chemical equilibria.
Chugh et al. discussed the applications of NMR spectroscopy in the field of metabolomics, which deals with the understanding of the metabolic profile of a biological system. The authors, through examples of diverse metabolomes, have presented merits and demerits of various NMR methods, combined with high-throughput separation techniques in metabolomic studies. The authors have also commented on recent developments in NMR, relevant to metabolomics based measurement and analysis.
NMR spectroscopy has also emerged as a premier technique in medical diagnosis. Vaidyanathan has contributed an excellent review on the applications of NMR techniques in metabolomic based diagnosis of human diseases. Recent advances in NMR hardware, such as cryoprobe technology and high field magnets, have significantly enhanced the sensitivity of NMR experiments. NMR Spectroscopy now found wide application in the identification of biomarkers for various diseases such as cardiovascular and neurological diseases, metabolic disorders, cancer diagnosis and therapy, gastrointestinal disorders, etc.
The study of relaxation mechanisms of nuclear spins in NMR spectroscopy can provide insight into molecular mobility and structural features. Tavares has reviewed the importance of two key relaxation mechanisms (spin-lattice relaxation, and spin-spin relaxation) in the study of small and macromolecules in food samples. These relaxation values can help in the study of molecular changes during cooking, food storages process and shelf life studies of oils and other constituents, including anti-oxidants. This review provides yet another exciting application of NMR spectroscopy in industrial process and quality control of products.
Spence has contributed a comprehensive review on the molecular composition of soil biomass. Soil microorganisms are key indicators of environmental stresses, including climate change, land degradation, and agriculture footprint. Changes in the nature and chemistry of soil microorganisms, based on structural components, can be studied by using NMR spectroscopy. The author has provided examples of the use of NMR spectroscopy in the study of natural organic materials in microbial biogeochemistry using solid state NMR spectroscopy, isotopic enrichment techniques, etc.
We are grateful to the authors for their excellent contributions. We are also grateful to the entire team of Bentham Science Publishers who have efficiently processed and timely managed the publication of this much awaited volume of the book series. The commitment and hard work of Ms Fariya Zulfiqar (Assistant Manager Publications) and Mr. Shehzad Naqvi (Senior Manager Publications), and the leadership of Mr. Mahmood Alam (Director Publications) are duly acknowledged. We sincerely hope that like the previous volumes of this useful book series, the current compilation will contribute to the better understanding of the applications of NMR spectroscopy.
List of Contributors
NMR as a Tool for Studying Rapid Equilibria: Tautomerism
Sergio L. Laurella,Diego D. Colasurdo,Danila L. Ruiz,Patricia E. Allegretti*Abstract
Tautomerism is a chemical equilibrium which involves rapid transference of a hydrogen atom. Its importance in biochemistry, medicinal chemistry, pharmacology and organic synthesis, as well as the wide variety of molecules in which it occurs, makes it an interesting chemical issue to be studied. NMR bears the advantage of allowing equilibrium observation without shifting it. The aim of this work is to sum up a variety of experiments that can be carried out on tautomeric equilibria in order to obtain structural and mechanistic information. In every case, the two (or more) major tautomeric forms must have relatively low conversion rates, i.e., they must exist long enough to survive (in average) the NMR experiment and then show different but overlapped NMR spectra. Assignation of the peaks to their corresponding tautomeric form has to be done with regarding signal integration, multiplicity and chemical shift of the signals. Theoretical calculations might be carried out in order to do this assignation. Once found two (or more) independent and non-overlapped peaks corresponding to each tautomer, their integration permits tautomeric contents and tautomerization constants calculation. Herein, equilibrium shifts caused by the presence of substituents (causing electronic and steric effects), solvents (interacting in different ways with the tautomers), internal chemical interactions (such as hydrogen bonds), tautomer-tautomer interactions (producing the formation of dimers) and temperature variation are discussed using a variety of compounds, such as ketonitriles, ketoamides and salicylaldimines, among others. All these facts give information about the causes of the stabilization or destabilization of different tautomeric forms.
