ARMENIAN POETRY and LEGENDS - 73 poems and stories from Armenia PLUS 12 classic Armenian legends E-Book

Various

• Herausgeber: Abela Publishing
• Kategorie: Fantasy und Science-Fiction
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2017

Beschreibung

The children’s stories and legends in this book originate from the plains of Armenia towered over by Mount Ararat, on which, the Bible states, Noah’s Ark rested after the flood. Here also is the traditional site of the Garden of Eden, and the four rivers that Genesis describes as rising in the Garden still flow through the land.

Herein you will find 73 poems and stories and 12 Armenian legends including the key legends of Armenia—of Vahagn, King of Armenia,deified on account of his valour, of Princess Santoukhd, martyred by her father King Sanadroug for becoming a Christian, ofSemiramis’ love for Ara, so strong that she thought she could will him back to life. So curl up with this unique and exquisite piece of literature and be swept away by the passion of fourteen hundred years of Armenian poetry.

Sitting astride an arm of the Silk Route, Armenia has been invaded and occupied at Various times by Assyria, Babylonia, Persia, Greece, and the Seljuk Turks, to name but a few. In the fifth century, Armenia became the first country in the world to adopt Christianity as its national religion. Therefore, even a short outline of Armenian folklore and poetry must acknowledge the influences that have served to shape Armenian literature. These influences reflect the interwoven remnants of an intricate tapestry of ancient and modern cultures, legends, songs, and fragments of epics, creating a unique cultural and linguistic identity.

Severed for many centuries from Western Europe by a flood of invasions, Armenian literature has not had the recognition that it deserves. In this volume, which is a mere sampler of Armenian literature, you will find poetry and laments that equal those of Shakespeare in their zeal and fervour. You will also find folk-songs that weep tears for the fate of Armenia, that cry out for freedom and liberty, that burst with the love of a woman for her man and of nightingales singing to babes in cradles.
 
10% of the profit from the sale of this book will be donated to charities by the Publisher.

Leseprobe

A R M E N I A N

Poetry & Legends

COMPILED & ILLUSTRATED

by

ZABELLE C. BOYAJIAN

WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY THE RIGHT HON. VISCOUNT BRYCE, O.M.

ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED BY

J. M. DENT & SONS LTD: LONDON

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS: NEW YORK

[1916]

* * * * * * *

RESURRECTED BY

ABELA PUBLISHING: LONDON

[2009]

Armenian Legends and Poems

Typographical arrangement of this edition

© Abela Publishing 2009

This book may not be reproduced in its current format in any manner in any media, or transmitted by any means whatsoever, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, or mechanical ( including photocopy, file or video recording, internet web sites, blogs, wikis, or any other information storage and retrieval system) except as permitted by law without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Abela Publishing,

London

United Kingdom

2009

ISBN-13: 978-1-907256-18-9

email [email protected]

www.AbelaPublishing.com/

DEDICATED

TO

THE UNDYING SPIRIT OF ARMENIA

PREFACE

IN preparing this book of Armenian Legends and Poems my principal object was to publish it as a Memorial to an unhappy nation.

The book does not claim to represent Armenian poetry adequately. Many gifted and well-known authors have been omitted, partly from considerations of space, and partly because of the scope of the work. For instance, I should have liked to include some of the Sharakans (rows of gems) of Nerses Shnorhali; but the impossibility of reproducing their characteristic forms in another language, and doing them any justice, made me decide not to translate any of them. I have only given a few typical legends and poems, endeavouring, as far as possible, to convey the local colouring by adhering closely to the form, rhythm, and imagery of the originals in my translations. I have also largely based the decorative scheme of the illustrations upon Ancient Armenian Art as we see it in mediæval missals and illuminations.

Should this anthology create an interest in Armenian literature the Armenian Muses have still many treasures in their keeping which cannot be destroyed; and another volume could be compiled.

In conclusion, I wish to express my sincerest gratitude to Miss Alice Stone Blackwell, of Boston, U.S.A.--one of Armenia's truest friends--for allowing me to reprint several of her renderings of Armenian poems; to G. C. Macaulay, M.A., and the Delegates of the Oxford University Press, for permission to reprint the "Tale of Rosiphelee" from their edition of Gower's Confessio Amantis; to Mr. William Watson and Mr. John Lane for permission to reprint the sonnet on Armenia, "A Trial of Orthodoxy," from The Purple East; and to the heirs of Vittoria Aganoor Pompilj for permitting me to reprint two of her poems, "Pasqua Armena" and "Io Vidi," from the Nuova Antologia. I wish also to thank Mr. M. E. Galoustiantz for designing the cover of this book.

The proceeds of the present edition will be handed over to the Armenian Fund.

ZABELLE C. BOYAJIAN.

1916

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

ARMENIA'S LOVE TO SHAKESPEARE

REPROACHES

A TRIAL OF ORTHODOXY

ARMENIAN LEGENDS AND POEMS

THE EXILE'S SONG

THE APPLE TREE

MY HEART IS TURNED INTO A WAILING

CHILD

O NIGHT, BE LONG

BLACK EYES

YESTERNIGHT I WALKED ABROAD

VAHAGN, KING OF ARMENIA

HUNTSMAN, THAT ON THE HILLS ABOVE

LIBERTY

I BEHELD MY LOVE THIS MORNING

THE FOX, THE WOLF, AND THE BEAR

INCENSE

THE LITTLE LAKE

SPRING

CRADLE SONG

ARA AND SEMIRAMIS

LAMENT OVER THE HEROES FALLEN IN

THE BATTLE OF AVARAIR

THE SONG OF THE STORK

YE MOUNTAIN BLUEBELLS

THE SUN WENT DOWN

BIRTHDAY SONG

THE FOUNDING OF VAN

I HAVE A WORD I FAIN WOULD SAY

THE SONG OF THE PARTRIDGE

THE LILY OF SHAVARSHAN

CRADLE SONG

THE WIND IS HOWLING THROUGH THE

WINTER NIGHT

THE ARMENIAN POET'S PRAYER

THE CHRAGAN PALACE

THE DREAM

THE SORROWS OF ARMENIA

ARTASHES AND SATENIK

MY DEATH

THE EAGLE'S LOVE

CONCERNING THE ROSE AND THE

NIGHTINGALE

THE ARRIVAL OF THE CRUSADERS

LIKE AN OCEAN IS THIS WORLD

THE ROCK

THE CRANE

THE HAWK AND THE DOVE

ARTAVASD

CHARM VERSES

THE TEARS OF ARAXES

THE EVE OF ASCENSION DAY

"THY VOICE IS SWEET"

CHRIST AND ABGARUS

ARAXES CAME DEVOURINGLY

THE PARROT'S SONG

EARTH AND SKY

O’ER THE MOUNTAINS HIGH HE WENT

COMPLAINTS

A DAY AFTER

WITHOUT THEE WHAT ARE SONG AND

DANCE TO ME?

THE LAKE OF VAN

SPRING

THE FOX

THE TALE OF ROSIPHELEE

THE SONG OF THE VULTURE

DANCE SONG

BALLAD

NO BIRD CAN REACH THE MOUNTAIN'S

CREST

THE NIGHTINGALE OF AVARAIR

THOU ART SO SWEET

THE WANDERING ARMENIAN TO THE

SWALLOW

THE CHRIST-CHILD

THE CASTLE OF ANOUSH

HAPPINESS

CONCERNING DEATH

LOVE ONE ANOTHER

PASQUA ARMENA

"IO VIDI"

ARMENIA - ITS EPICS, FOLK-SONGS, AND MEDIAEVAL POETRY

MOSES OF ?

THE ADOPTION OF CHRISTIANITY

GOLDEN AGE OF ARMENIAN LITERATURE

MIDDLE AGES

BAGRATUNI DYNASTY

THE CRUSADES

SILVER AGE OF ARMENIAN LITERATURE

END OF THE ARMENIAN KINGDOM

EIGHTEENTH CENTURY AND ONWARDS

CHARACTERISTICS OF ARMENIAN POETRY

THE RUSSIAN ERA

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA

CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX TO AUTHORS

INDEX TO FIRST LINES

INTRODUCTION

SEVERED for many centuries from Western Europe by the flood of Turkish barbarism which descended upon their country in the Middle Ages, and subjected for the last two generations to oppressions and cruelties such as few civilised people have ever had to undergo, the Armenians have been less known to Englishmen and Frenchmen than their remarkable qualities and their romantic history deserve. Few among us have acquired their language, one of the most ancient forms of human speech that possess a literature. Still fewer have studied their art or read their poetry even in translations. There is, therefore, an ample field for a book which shall present to those Englishmen and Frenchmen, whose interest in Armenia has been awakened by the sufferings to which its love of freedom and its loyalty to its Christian faith have exposed it, some account of Armenian art and Armenian poetical literature. Miss Boyajian, the authoress of this book, is the daughter of an Armenian clergyman, whom I knew and respected during the many years when he was British Vice-Consul at Diarbekir on the Tigris. She is herself a

painter, a member of that group of Armenian artists some of whom have, like Aïvazovsky and Edgar Chahine, won fame in the world at large, and she is well qualified to describe with knowledge as well as with sympathy the art of her own people.

That art has been, since the nation embraced Christianity in the fourth century of our era, chiefly ecclesiastical. The finest examples of ancient Armenian architecture are to be seen in the ruins of Ani, on the border where Russian and Turkish territory meet, a city which was once the seat of one of the native dynasties, while the famous church of the monastery of Etchmiadzin, at Vagarshabad, near Erivan, is, though more modern, a perfect and beautiful existing representative of the old type. Etchmiadzin, standing at the north foot of Mount Ararat, is the seat of the Katholikos, or ecclesiastical head of the whole Armenian church. There was little or no ecclesiastical sculpture, for the Armenian church discouraged the use of images, and fresco painting was not much used for the decoration of churches; missals, however, and other books of devotion and manuscripts of the Bible were

illuminated with hand paintings, and adorned with miniatures; and much skill and taste were shown in embroideries. Metal work, especially in silver and in copper, has always been a favourite vehicle for artistic design in the Near East and is so still, though like everything else it has suffered from the destruction, in repeated massacres, of many of the most highly skilled artificers.

One of the most interesting features in the history of Armenian art is that it displays in its successive stages the various influences to which the country has been subject. Ever since it became Christian it was a territory fought for by diverse empires of diverse creeds. As in primitive times it lay between Assyria on the one side and the Hittite power on the other, so after the appearance of Islam it became the frontier on which the East Roman Christian Empire contended with the Muslim Arab and Turkish monarchies. Persian influences on the East, both before and after Persia had become Mohammedan, here met with the Roman influences spreading out from Constantinople. The latter gave the architectural style, as we see it in those ecclesiastical buildings to which I have referred, a style developed here with

admirable features of its own and one which has held

its ground to the present day. The influence of Persia on the other hand was seen in the designs used in embroidery, in carpets, and in metal work. The new school of painters has struck out new lines for itself, but while profiting by whatever it has learnt from Europe, it retains a measure of distinctive national quality.

That quality is also visible in Armenian poetry of which this volume gives some interesting specimens. The poetry of a people which has struggled against so many terrible misfortunes has naturally a melancholy strain. But it is also full of an unextinguishable patriotism. Those who have learnt from this book what the Armenian race has shown itself capable of doing in the fields of art and literature, and who have learnt from history how true it has been to its Christian faith, and how tenacious of its national life, will hope that the time has now at last come when it will be delivered from the load of brutal tyranny that has so long cramped its energies, and allowed to take its place among the free and progressive peoples of the world. It is the only one of the native races of Western Asia that is capable of restoring productive industry and assured prosperity to these now desolated regions that were the earliest homes of civilisation.

BRYCE.

3, BUCKINGHAM GATE,July 1916.

ARMENIA'S LOVE TO SHAKESPEARE

Great, unknown spirit, living with us still,Though three long centuries have marked thy flight;Is there a land thy presence doth not fillA race to which thou hast not brought delight?

To me Armenia seems thy house, for first,Thy visions there enthralled my wondering mind,And thy sweet music with my heart conversed--Armenia in thy every scene I find.

Through all the gloom of strife and agonyThy gentle light, beloved of all, doth shine;The nations bring their tribute unto thee,To honour thee thy country's foes combine.

What token shall my poor Armenia bring?No golden diadem her brow adorns;All jewelled with tears, and glistening,She lays upon thy shrine her Crown of Thorns.

Footnotes

A great festival was held on the tercentenary of Shakespeare's death in 1916. Miss Boyajian was one of many authors who paid tribute at that time to the King of the Bards. Her poem was published in the Book of Homage to Shakespeare (London, 1916), edited by Sir Israel Gollancz, a famous Shakespearean scholar, at that time Professor of English Literature at King's College in London, and at Cambridge.

BY ZABELLE C. BOYAJIAN

REPROACHES

BY "FRIK"

(Died 1330)

O GOD of righteousness and truth,Loving to all, and full of ruth;I have some matter for Thine earIf Thou wilt but Thy servant hear.

Lo, how the world afflicteth usWith wrongs and torments rancorous;And Thou dost pardon every one,But turnest from our woes alone.

Lord, Thou wilt not avenge our wrongNor chase the ills that round us throng;Thou knowest, we are flesh and bone,We are not statues made from stone!

We are not made of grass or reeds,That Thou consumest us like weeds;--As though we were some thorny fieldOr brushwood, that the forests yield.

If that ourselves are nothing worth--If we have wrought no good on earth,If we are hateful in Thy sightThat Thou shouldst leave us in this plight--

Then blot us out;--be swift and brief,That Thy pure heart may find relief;This well may be, by Thy intent,Great Lord and good, omnipotent.

How long must we in patience waitAnd bear unmurmuringly our fate?Let evil ones be swept awayAnd those whom Thou dost favour, stay!

A TRIAL OF ORTHODOXY

(Sonnet on Armenia)

BY WILLIAM WATSON

THE clinging children at their mother's knee  Slain; and the sire and kindred one by one  Flayed or hewn piecemeal; and things nameless done,Not to be told: while imperturbablyThe nations gaze, where Rhine unto the sea,  Where Seine and Danube, Thames and Tiber run,  And where great armies glitter in the sun,And great Kings rule, and man is boasted free!  What wonder if yon torn and naked throngShould doubt a Heaven that seems to wink and nod,  And having mourned at noontide, "Lord, how long?"    Should cry, "Where hidest Thou?" at evenfall,At midnight, "Is He deaf and blind, our God?"    And ere day dawn, "Is He indeed at all?"

ARMENIAN

LEGENDS

AND

POEMS

THE EXILE'S SONG

FOLK SONG

BELOVÈD one, for thy sweet sake,By whirlwinds tossed and swayed I roam;The stranger's accents round me wakeThese burning thoughts that wander home.No man such longings wild can bearAs in my heart forever rise.Oh that the wind might waft me thereWhere my belovèd's vineyard lies!Oh that I were the zephyr fleet,That bends her vines and roses sweet.

For I am piteous and forlorn,As is the bird that haunts the night;Who inconsolably doth mournWhene’er his rose is from his sight.O’er earth and ocean, everywhereI gaze in vain, with weary eyes.Oh that the wind might waft me thereWhere my belovèd's vineyard lies!Oh that I were the zephyr fleetThat bends her vines and roses sweet.

I would I were yon cloud so light,--Yon cloudlet driven before the wind.Or yonder bird with swift-winged flight:My heart's true way I soon would find!Oh, I would be the wind so fleetThat bends her vines and roses sweet.

THE APPLE TREE

FOLK SONG

 THE door of Heaven open seemed     And in thy house the sunlight gleamed.

As through the garden's willow’d walks I hied

Full many a tree and blossom I espied.

But of all trees, the Apple Tree most fair

And beautiful did unto me appear.

It sobbed and wept. Its leaves said

murmuringly:

"I would that God had ne’er created me!

The badge of sin and wickedness I am

E’en at thy feast, O Father Abraham.

     The apple growing on me first

     From Eden came ere it was cursed,

     Alas, alas, I am undone!

     Why fell I to that evil one?"

Footnotes

The "feast of Father Abraham" means plenty.

MY HEART IS TURNED INTO A WAILING CHILD

BY N. KOUCHAK

(Fifteenth Century)

MY heart is turned into a wailing child,     In vain with sweets I seek to still its cries;Sweet love, it calls for thee in sobbings wild     All day and night, with longing and with

sighs.

          What solace can I give it?

I showed my eyes the fair ones of this earth

     And tried to please them--but I tried in

vain.

Sweet love, for them all those were nothing

worth—

     Thee--only thee my heart would have again.          What solace can I give it?

O NIGHT, BE LONG

BY N. KOUCHAK

O NIGHT, be long--long as an endless year!Descend, thick darkness, black and full of fear!     To-night my heart's desire has been fulfilled--     My love is here at last--a guest concealed!

Dawn, stand behind seven mountains--out of

sight,

Lest thou my loved one banish with thy light;     I would for ever thus in darkness rest     So I might ever clasp him to my breast.

BLACK EYES

BY AVETIS ISAHAKIAN

(Born 1875)

Do not trust black eyes, but fear them:--    Gloom they are, and endless night;Woes and perils lurking near them    Love not thou their gleaming bright!

In my heart a sea of blood wells,    Called up by their cruel might,No calm ever in that flood dwells    Love not thou their gleaming bright!

YESTERNIGHT I WALKED ABROAD

ANONYMOUS

   YESTERNIGHT I walked abroad.From the clouds sweet dews were falling,     And my love stood in the road,All in green, and to me calling.     To her home she led me straight,Shut and barred the gate securely;     Whoso tries to force that gateBrave I'll reckon him most surely!