Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Comprehensive reference covering ultrasound techniques and findings in small animal practice with more than 2500 high-quality sonograms and illustrations
Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography, Third Edition is a comprehensive reference for ultrasound techniques and findings in small animal practice. Offering more than 2500 high-quality sonograms and illustrations of normal structures and disorders, the book takes a systems-based approach to ultrasound examinations in small animals. With complete coverage of small animal ultrasonography, this reference guide is an essential resource for veterinary sonographers of all skill levels.
In addition to updates reflecting current diagnostic imaging practice, the Third Edition adds two new chapters, on Point of Care Ultrasonography (POCUS) and on vascular diseases of the abdomen. Also, pertinent ultrasound-assisted interventional procedures were added in several chapters.
The Third Edition of Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography features:
- More than 2500 figures of normal and abnormal ultrasound features of the thorax, abdomen, neck, eye/orbit and musculoskeletal system
- Complementary imaging modalities when clinically pertinent to the clinical situation
- Additional surgical or histopathological specimens to best highlight the main features and complete case presentations
- Access to a companion website offering more than 150 annotated video loops of real-time ultrasound evaluations, illustrating the appearance of normal structures and common disorders
Atlas of Small Animal Ultrasonography, Third Edition remains an essential teaching and reference tool for novice and advanced veterinary sonographers alike.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2025
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Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
List of Contributors
Preface
Accompanying Videos
CHAPTER ONE: PRACTICAL PHYSICAL CONCEPTS AND ARTIFACTS
Fundamentals
Ultrasound Probes and Resolution
System Adjustments and Image Quality
Doppler Ultrasound
Artifacts
References
CHAPTER TWO: POINT OF CARE ULTRASOUND: ABDOMEN, PLEURAL SPACE, LUNG AND CARDIOVASCULAR APPLICATIONS
Preparation and Scanning Technique
Sonography of Normal Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound Organs and Windows
Sonographic Features of Common Pocus Disorders
Peritoneal Effusion
Pneumoperitoneum
Caudal Vena Cava (CVC) Size and Index
Pericardial Effusion at the Subxiphoid Site
Pleural Effusion at the Subxiphoid Site
Caudal Lung Pathology at the Subxiphoid Site
Gallbladder Wall Edema (Halo Sign)
Urinary Bladder Volume Estimation
Common Pocus Disorders of the Pleural Space and Lungs
Pneumothorax
Pleural Effusion
Increased B‐Lines
Lung Consolidation
Air/Fluid Bronchograms
E‐Lines
Cardiac Pocus Abnormalities
Pericardial Effusion
Pericardial Tamponade
Left‐Atrial‐Aortic Ratio (LA:AO)
Left Ventricular Lumen Size and Function
Right Sided Heart Changes
Pocus in the CPR Setting
Pocus and Monitoring Fluid Therapy
References
CHAPTER THREE: EYE AND ORBIT
Preparation and Scanning Technique
Ultrasonographic Anatomy of the Normal Eye
Sonography of Ocular and Orbital Abnormalities
Interventional Procedures
References
CHAPTER FOUR: NECK
Scanning Technique
Normal Sonographic Anatomy
Sonographic Features of Neck Disorders
Special Procedures
References
CHAPTER FIVE: THORAX
Preparation and Scanning Technique
Normal Sonographic Anatomy
Sonographic Features of Thoracic Disorders
Ultrasound‐Assisted Procedures
References
CHAPTER SIX: HEART
Echocardiographic Technique
Conventional Two‐Dimensional, M‐Mode And Doppler Echocardiography: The Normal Heart
Congenital Heart Disease
Acquired Heart Disease
References
CHAPTER SEVEN: HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM
Preparation and Scanning Technique
Ultrasonographic Anatomy of the Normal Liver
Ultrasonographic Features of Hepatic Disorders
Disorders of the Biliary System
Interventional Procedures
References
CHAPTER EIGHT: SPLEEN
Preparation and Scanning Technique
Sonographic Anatomy of the Normal Spleen
Sonographic Findings in Splenic Disorders
Interventional Procedures
References
CHAPTER NINE: GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
Preparation and Scanning Procedure
Sonographic Features of Gastrointestinal Disorders
Interventional Procedures
References
CHAPTER TEN: PANCREAS
Preparation and Scanning Procedure
Ultrasonography of the Normal Pancreas
Ultrasonographic Features of Pancreatic Disorders
Special Procedures
References
CHAPTER ELEVEN: URINARY TRACT
Preparation and Scanning Technique
Normal Ultrasonographic Anatomy
Ultrasonographic Features of Urinary Disorders
Disorders of the Perinephric Retroperitoneal Space
Ultrasonographic Features of Bladder and Urethral Disorders
Ultrasound Guidance in Interventional Nephro‐Urology
References
CHAPTER TWELVE: ADRENAL GLANDS
Preparation and Scanning Technique
Sonography of the Normal Adrenal Glands
Sonographic Findings in Adrenal Disorders
Interventional Procedures
References
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
Examination Technique
Ovaries
Uterus
Mammary Glands
Interventional Procedures
References
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: MALE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT
Preparation and Scanning Procedure
Prostate
Testicles
Penis and Prepuce
Other Findings
Interventional Procedures
References
CHAPTER FIFTEEN: ABDOMINAL CAVITY AND LYMPH NODES
Preparation and Scanning Technique
Ultrasonographic Anatomy of the Normal Peritoneal and Retroperitoneal Cavity, Fat, and Lymph Nodes
Peritoneal and Retroperitoneal Effusion
Peritonitis, Steatitis, and Pneumoperitoneum
Peritoneal and Retroperitoneal Abscesses, Granulomas, and Pyogranulomas
Nodular Fat Necrosis
Peritoneal and Retroperitoneal Neoplasia
Lymphadenopathy
Abdominal Wall Abnormalities
Interventional Procedures
References
CHAPTER SIXTEEN: ABDOMINAL VESSELS
Preparation and Scanning Technique
Ultrasonographic Anatomy of the Normal Abdominal Vasculature
Congenital Disorders of the Portal Vasculature
Congenital Disorders of the Systemic Venous System
Acquired Disorders of the Abdominal Vascular System
References
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM AND PERIPHERAL NERVES
Shoulder
Elbow
Carpus
Hips and Iliopsoas Muscles
Stifle
Tarsus
Other Musculoskeletal Disorders
Scanning Technique and Normal Sonographic Anatomy of Spinal and Peripheral Nerves
Sonographic Features of Peripheral Nerve Disorders
Interventional Procedures
References
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1
Density and speed of sound in materials and biological tissues an
...
Chapter 2
Table 2.1
Main and expanding clinical applications of POCUS in small animal
...
Table 2.2
Key windows and organ identification while performing a 5‐point A
...
Table 2.3
Conditions that result in a loss of lung sliding along the pariet
...
Table 2.4
Key windows and cardiac features assessed while performing a card
...
Table 2.5
Key POCUS pathology identified at each abdominal POCUS exam windo
...
Table 2.6
Lung ultrasound pathologies
Chapter 4
Table 4.1
Measurements of normal structures in the neck
Chapter 6
Table 6.1
Abbreviations and conventions used throughout this chapter
Table 6.2
Key 2D imaging settings used to optimize spatial, contrast, and t
...
Table 6.3 Key color Doppler imaging settings
Table 6.4
Key spectral Doppler settings
Table 6.5
Sources of echocardiographic variation
Table 6.6
Common assessments of LV size in dogs
Table 6.7
Indices of left ventricular systolic function
Table 6.8
Inclusion criteria for enrolment in the EPIC study
Chapter 7
Table 7.1
Diagnostic differentials for diffuse alterations in hepatic paren
...
Table 7.2
Diagnostic differentials for alterations in hepatic volume
Table 7.3
Diagnostic differentials for focal hepatic lesions with ultrasono
...
Chapter 8
Table 8.1
Diagnostic differentials for diffuse alterations in splenic paren
...
Table 8.2
Diagnostic differentials for focal and multifocal lesions of the
...
Chapter 9
Table 9.1
Mean and/or (range) reference values for gastrointestinal wall thi
...
Chapter 10
Table 10.1
Mean pancreatic measurements in dogs and cats
Chapter 11
Table 11.1
Differential diagnosis of pyelectasia and hydronephrosis in smal
...
Chapter 12
Table 12.1
Range of measurements in the longitudinal plane for normal adren
...
Chapter 13
Table 13.1
New ultrasonographic diagnosis of pregnancy
Table 13.2
Prediction of parturition using measurement of gestational sac d
...
Chapter 14
Table 14.1
Prostatic dimensions in healthy intact dogs and correlation to a
...
Table 14.2
Testicular dimensions in healthy intact dogs and correlation to
...
Chapter 15
Table 15.1
Location and drainage of abdominal lymph nodes in dogs and cats
...
Table 15.2
Lymph node dimensions in normal dogs and cats
Table 15.3
Typical ultrasonographic appearance of peritoneal and retroperit
...
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1.
Ultrasound propagation and image formation
. Each ultrasound imag...
Figure 1.2.
Relative echogenicity of tissues and other materials.
Structures...
Figure 1.3.
Interactions between ultrasound waves and tissues.
The emitted u...
Figure 1.4.
Practical ultrasound transducers.
Most ultrasound units are equi...
Figure 1.5.
Ultrasound frequency versus axial resolution.
The higher the fre...
Figure 1.6.
Shape of the ultrasound beam in depth.
The ultrasound beam is la...
Figure 1.7.
Spatial and contrast resolutions.
The capacity of an ultrasound ...
Figure 1.8.
Gain setting.
Because of the attenuation of the ultrasound beam ...
Figure 1.9.
Spatial compound imaging. (A)
With this mode, the same tissue is...
Figure 1.10.
Harmonics mode. (A)
Without this mode, the near field of the im...
Figure 1.11.
Panoramic mode (extended view).
8.5 cm long inhomogeneous abdom...
Figure 1.12.
Doppler effect. (A)
The ultrasound pulse emitted by the probe m...
Figure 1.13.
Color and Power Doppler modes. (A)
With color Doppler, the dire...
Figure 1.14.
Flow velocity measurements using Pulsed (or Spectral) Doppler m
...
Figure 1.15.
Acoustic shadowing
is a poorly echoic to anechoic zone located ...
Figure 1.16.
Edge shadowing and refraction. (A, B)
Edge shadowing (arrowhead...
Figure 1.17.
Enhancement. (A)
This artifact is represented by a zone of incr...
Figure 1.18.
Reverberation and comet tail. Reverberation
appears as series o...
Figure 1.19.
Mirror images. (A, B)
Sonographic (
A
) and schematic (
B
) images ...
Figure 1.20.
Impact of partial averaging on lesion detection. (A)
The detect...
Figure 1.21.
Side Lobes. (A)
Schematic drawing of the main central beam lobe...
Figure 1.22.
Speed error.
When sound travels through fat (with a velocity of...
Figure 1.23.
Anisotropy. (A)
Normal cross‐sectional appearance of the biceps...
Figure 1.24.
Electronic interferences.
Discrete highly echogenic spikes (arr...
Figure 1.25.
Twinkling artifact.
Several hyperechoic interfaces associated w...
Figure 1.26.
Aliasing artifact. (A)
With
color Doppler
, aliasing appears as ...
Figure 1.27.
Doppler flash artifact.
Spurious echoes often appear when using...
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1.
POCUS is patient centered and targeted.
It is also integrative a...
Figure 2.2.
Normal image obtained from the subxiphoid (subcostal, or transhe
...
Figure 2.3.
Labelled schematic (A) and sonograms (B) showing normal sonoanat
...
Figure 2.4.
Labelled schematic (A) and sonogram (B) showing normal right par
...
Figure 2.5.
Schematic illustration of the small animal five‐point abdominal
...
Figure 2.6.
Sonogram obtained from the subxiphoid (subcostal) window showing
...
Figure 2.7.
Schematic overlay (A, C) and sonograms (B, D) obtained from the
...
Figure 2.8.
Schematic images of the PLUS approach to assess for pneumothorax
...
Figure 2.9.
Schematic image highlighting the five sonographically‐defined pl
...
Figure 2.10.
Unlabelled and labelled sonograms depicting normal sonoanatomy
...
Figure 2.11.
Sonograms depicting variation in the normal number of B‐lines t
...
Figure 2.12.
Overlaid caudal thoracic radiograph (A) and sonograms (B, C) de
...
Figure 2.13.
Photograph (A), schematic (B), and sonogram (C) of the PLUS tec
...
Figure 2.14.
Sonograms showing variation of A‐lines based on the angle of in
...
Figure 2.15.
Photograph (A), schematic (B, D), and sonograms (C, E) of the P
...
Figure 2.16.
Sonograms identifying several hyperechoic vertical artifacts th
...
Figure 2.17.
Schematic and sonograms of the three key echocardiography views
Figure 2.18.
Schematic heart overlaid over a canine lateral thoracic radiogr
...
Figure 2.19.
Sonogram (A) and schematic (B) of the right parasternal long ax
...
Figure 2.20.
The five‐point abdominal point‐of‐care ultrasound (APOCUS) exam
...
Figure 2.21.
Sonogram of free gas in the abdomen
. Reverberation artifact cre...
Figure 2.22.
Sonograms of the caudal vena cava (CVC) diameter in expiration
...
Figure 2.23.
Sonogram of pericardial effusion identified in a dog at the sub
...
Figure 2.24.
Schematic (A) and sonogram (B) of pleural effusion identified v
...
Figure 2.25.
Schematic (A) and sonogram (B) of the caudal lung surface obtai
...
Figure 2.26.
Sonogram obtained from the subxiphoid (subcostal) window
in a d...
Figure 2.27.
Sonograms in longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) views of the u
...
Figure 2.28.
Schematic image comparing the sonographic findings when a moder
...
Figure 2.29.
Use of M‐mode to assist with the diagnosis of pneumothorax
...
Figure 2.30.
Sonograms (A, B) and schematic (C, D) images of a patient with
...
Figure 2.31.
Sonograms and schematic images of a normal abdominal curtain si
...
Figure 2.32.
Sonograms and schematic images of an asynchronous curtain sign
...
Figure 2.33.
Sonograms and schematic images of a double curtain sign at end
...
Figure 2.34.
Schematic image (A) and sonogram (B) of pleural effusion in a d
...
Figure 2.35.
Sonogram of pleural effusion in a dog with the probe perpendicu
...
Figure 2.36.
Sonogram of pleural effusion and lung atelectasis forming an ec
...
Figure 2.37.
Schematic image (A) and sonogram (B) of pleural effusion with t
...
Figure 2.38.
Sonograms demonstrating progressive loss of aerated lung and su
...
Figure 2.39.
Diagnostic algorithm for increased B‐lines and lung consolidati
...
Figure 2.40.
Sonogram (A, B) and schematic (C, D) images with visible echoge
...
Figure 2.41.
Sonograms of different types of partial echogenic lung tissue
.
Figure 2.42.
Sonogram (A, B) and schematic (C, D) transthoracic lateral lung
...
Figure 2.43.
Sonogram (A, B) and schematic (C, D) images of fluid bronchogra
...
Figure 2.44.
Sonograms of pericardial effusion using the right parasternal w
...
Figure 2.45.
Sonograms of pleural (A) and pericardial (B) effusion obtained
...
Figure 2.46.
Sonograms of pericardial (A) and pleural (B) effusion at the pe
...
Figure 2.47.
Schematic images and sonograms of tamponade secondary to perica
...
Figure 2.48.
Sonograms of the left atrium demonstrating how many times the a
...
Figure 2.49.
Right parasternal short axis views of the heart at the level of
...
Figure 2.50.
Right parasternal short axis views of the heart at the level of
...
Figure 2.51.
Sonograms of right sided cardiac enlargement obtained from the
...
Figure 2.52.
Sonograms of the heart obtained from the subxiphoid window in a
...
Figure 2.53.
Algorithm for of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) to guide flui
...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1.
Probe placement on the eye of a dog using the corneal surface.
T...
Figure 3.2.
Probe position and orientation of the beam using the corneal sur
...
Figure 3.3.
Probe placement and direction of the beam through the eye using
...
Figure 3.4.
Limbal and perilimbal approach.
(
A, B
) Horizontal and vertical t...
Figure 3.5.
Ultrabiomicroscopy (UBM) probe.
Photograph of the fluid‐filled c...
Figure 3.6.
Horizontal plane. (A)
The probe is seen oriented horizontally on...
Figure 3.7.
Zygomatic gland scanning. (A)
Images of the zygomatic salivary g...
Figure 3.8.
Normal ocular globe. (A)
Schematic drawing of ocular structures....
Figure 3.9.
Normal anterior segment of the eye.
(for full caption, see next ...
Figure 3.10.
A 35‐MHz UBM probe is used to evaluate the iridocorneal angle,
...
Figure 3.11.
Transcorneal axial plane of a normal globe in a 7‐year‐old pati
...
Figure 3.12.
Transpupillary sagittal axial views of the anterior segment wit
...
Figure 3.13.
Fetal eye.
This is the globe of late‐term fetus. Note the strai...
Figure 3.14.
Normal optic nerve and retrobulbar space.
The optic disc and ne...
Figure 3.15.
Corneal changes in dogs and cats. (A)
Normal cornea
. The axial ...
Figure 3.16.
Peters' anomaly in a 4‐month‐old Dachshund. (A)
Figure 3.17.
Limbal neoplasia in two dogs.
The images illustrate two limbal ...
Figure 3.18.
Evaluation of lesion extension. (A)
Granulomatous scleritis in
...
Figure 3.19.
UBM evaluation of the iridocorneal angle. (A)
Basset Hound, 2‐y...
Figure 3.20.
Diffuse corneal edema and buphthalmos OD
of a 9‐year‐old German...
Figure 3.21.
Intumescent cataract in a diabetic dog.
The anterior chamber (A...
Figure 3.22.
Anterior uveal masses. (A)
Iridal lymphoma in a cat
. The iris i...
Figure 3.23.
Ciliary body adenoma in a dog. (A)
Sagittal perilimbal 35 MHz s...
Figure 3.24.
Technical artifacts. (A)
Transpalpebral sagittal section of a n...
Figure 3.25.
Anterior chamber abnormalities. (A)
Cellular debris/fibrin in a...
Figure 3.26.
Ciliary adenoma in a dog with an iridal mass
. Photograph
(A)
, h...
Figure 3.27.
Uveal melanocytic neoplasia in a dog. (A)
Sonogram showing a ho...
Figure 3.28.
Anterior synechiae.
Axial sagittal views of the anterior segmen...
Figure 3.29.
Posterior synechia and iris bombe in a dog with chronic uveitis
...
Figure 3.30.
Iridociliary cysts.
These are characterized by a round structur...
Figure 3.31.
Congenital aphakia and retinal detachment in a 3‐month‐old male
...
Figure 3.32.
Posterior lenticonus. (A)
Axial section of a canine globe with ...
Figure 3.33.
Lens changes. (A)
Dense nuclear sclerosis
is noted in the eye o...
Figure 3.34.
Capsular rupture in a 3‐year‐old Labrador. (A)
Para...
Figure 3.35.
Cataract and cortical material extrusion/herniation. (A)
Clinic...
Figure 3.36.
Lens displacement. (A)
Lens subluxation
in a 13‐year‐old Lhasa ...
Figure 3.37.
Luxation of an intraocular lens (IOL).
Siberian Husky, 8‐year‐o...
Figure 3.38.
Cataract and capsular ectasia. (A)
Vertical axial section of a ...
Figure 3.39.
Persistent hypertrophic primary vitreous in a 3‐month‐old Boxer
...
Figure 3.40.
Congenital cataract and persistent hypertrophic primary vitreou
...
Figure 3.41.
Asteroid hyalosis. (A)
The vitreal cavity contains multiple hyp...
Figure 3.42.
Vitreal and retinal detachment.
Vertical axial sonogram showing...
Figure 3.43.
Vitreal hemorrhage. (A, B)
Sonogram and histologic section of a...
Figure 3.44.
Canine ocular gliovascular syndrome (COGS) in a Labrador. (A)
H...
Figure 3.45.
Retinal detachment. (A)
The retina is detached (arrowheads) and...
Figure 3.46.
Giant retinal tear.
Vertical paraxial section. The hyperechoic ...
Figure 3.47.
Choroiditis and retinal detachment. (A, B)
Axial and paraxial s...
Figure 3.48.
Choroidal hemangiosarcoma in a dog. (A)
Paraxial horizontal son...
Figure 3.49.
Intraocular tumor invading the posterior segment. (A–D)
H...
Figure 3.50.
Congenital microphthalmia in a 1‐year‐old miniature Poodle pres
...
Figure 3.51.
Traumatic globe rupture in a cat. (A)
Paraxial meridional sonog...
Figure 3.52.
Diffuse scleritis in a dog. (A)
Paraxial section showing a seve...
Figure 3.53.
Gun pellet in lens. (A)
Clinical presentation of the right eye ...
Figure 3.54.
Foreign bodies. (A)
Wooden stick
. A hyperechoic line associated...
Figure 3.55.
Posterior wall foreign body (vegetal)
.
(A, B)
Two sagittal imag...
Figure 3.56
Computed tomography (CT) of retrobulbar wooden foreign body in a
...
Figure 3.57.
Periocular tumors and secondary displacement of the globe.
The ...
Figure 3.58.
Orbital abscesses in two dogs. (A)
In this dog, an irregular po...
Figure 3.59.
Orbital cellulitis in a Jack Russell Terrier. (A)
The globe has...
Figure 3.60.
Lacrimal gland adenoma.
A homogeneous echogenic mass (M) is lat...
Figure 3.61.
Optic neuritis.
An indentation (arrows) into the globe at the o...
Figure 3.62.
Optic nerve meningioma. (A)
Sonogram showing a poorly echogenic...
Figure 3.63.
Polymyositis of extraocular muscles associated with bilateral e
...
Figure 3.64.
Ultrasound‐guided freehand biopsy of a retro‐orbital mass. (A)
...
Figure 3.65.
Intraoperative assistance for quill removal in a 10‐year‐old Ja
...
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1.
Ultrasound approach to the neck of a dog and normal regional ana
...
Figure 4.2.
Normal thyroid and parathyroid glands in dogs. (A)
Illustration ...
Figure 4.3.
Normal thyroid and parathyroid glands in two cats.
The right thy...
Figure 4.4.
Normal lymph nodes and salivary glands. (A)
Illustration of the ...
Figure 4.5.
Normal tongue and esophagus of a dog. (A)
Illustration of the an...
Figure 4.6.
Normal larynx and trachea of a dog. (A)
Illustration of the anat...
Figure 4.7.
Images of the carotid arteries, jugular veins, and mandibular sa
...
Figure 4.8.
Thyroid adenoma and adenomatous hyperplasia in cats and a dog. (
...
Figure 4.9.
Thyroid cystadenocarcinoma in an 11‐year‐old cat.
Co...
Figure 4.10.
Thyroid carcinoma in three dogs. (A)
Transverse sonographic ima...
Figure 4.11.
Thyroid carcinoma in a cat.
Sagittal
(A)
and transverse
(B)
ima...
Figure 4.12.
Comparative imaging for thyroid carcinoma in a dog.
Sonographic...
Figure 4.13.
Comparative imaging of an ectopic thyroid carcinoma in a dog
. V...
Figure 4.14.
Left thyroid lobe of a dog with hypothyroidism.
Sagittal
(A)
an...
Figure 4.15.
Parathyroid adenoma in three dogs. (A)
Sagittal image of the ri...
Figure 4.16.
Mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy in three
...
Figure 4.17.
Lymphadenitis in two dogs. (A)
Sagittal image of a retropharyng...
Figure 4.18.
Septic suppurative cellulitis and abscess formation in two dogs
...
Figure 4.19.
Examples of foreign bodies in dogs. (A)
Migrating grass awn in ...
Figure 4.20.
Sialadenopathy in dogs. (A)
Sialadenitis in a dog. On this sagi...
Figure 4.21.
Sialocele in four dogs and a salivary duct cyst in a cat. (A, B
...
Figure 4.22.
Tongue Abscess in a 6‐month‐old Golden Retriever with ventral m
...
Figure 4.23.
Paraesophageal abscess in two dogs. (A)
A hypoechoic ill‐define...
Figure 4.24.
Idiopathic esophageal hypertrophy in a dog. (A)
Lateral radiogr...
Figure 4.25.
Laryngeal neoplasia in a dog and in a cat. (A)
Transverse image...
Figure 4.26.
Lymphofollicular laryngitis in a cat. (A)
Transverse image of t...
Figure 4.27.
Laryngeal paralysis in a cat.
In this cat with unilateral laryn...
Figure 4.28.
Chemodectoma in a 10‐year‐old dog.
Sagittal B‐mode
Figure 4.29.
Venous invasion and thrombosis in two dogs. (A)
Transverse imag...
Figure 4.30.
Otitis media in a cat. (A)
Sagittal image of the tympanic bulla...
Figure 4.31.
Infiltration of the tympanic bulla by a carcinoma in a dog. (A)
Figure 4.32.
Neoplastic infiltration of the right tympanic bulla in a cat. (
...
Figure 4.33.
Ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration of a retropharyngeal l
...
Figure 4.34.
Ethanol ablation of a parathyroid nodule in a 15‐year‐old dog.
...
Figure 4.35.
Penrose in a dog following surgical excision of a salivary glan
...
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1.
Ultrasonographic examination of the thorax.
The patient can be e...
Figure 5.2.
Normal thoracic wall imaged with an intercostal approach.
Longit...
Figure 5.3.
Normal cranial mediastinum in a dog when using right intercostal
...
Figure 5.4.
Normal caudal thorax in a dog when using a transhepatic (subcost
...
Figure 5.5.
Thoracic wall abscess in an 8‐year‐old English bulldog that had
...
Figure 5.6.
Thoracic wall foreign body. (A, B)
In a 7‐year‐old German Shorth...
Figure 5.7.
Thoracic wall foreign body.
An irregular‐shaped hyperechoic and ...
Figure 5.8.
Acute and chronic rib fractures in two different dogs. (A–C)
...
Figure 5.9.
Extrapleural mass (metastatic thymoma) in a 7‐year‐old elkhound.
...
Figure 5.10.
Grade I/low‐grade soft‐tissue sarcoma of the thoracic wall in a
...
Figure 5.11.
Anaplastic sarcoma involving the thoracic wall in a 1‐year‐old
...
Figure 5.12.
Rib osteosarcoma in a 10‐year‐old Rottweiler.
Trans...
Figure 5.13.
Primary rib tumor in an 11‐year‐old Labrador. (A)
O...
Figure 5.14.
Pleural effusion (PE) in four patients.
A subcostal/transhepati...
Figure 5.15.
Chronic pleuritis in a 2‐year‐old cat.
Ultrasonogra...
Figure 5.16.
Pleural mass (hemangiosarcoma) in a 13‐year‐old Fox Terrier.
...
Figure 5.17.
Pleural carcinomatosis and cranial mediastinal mass in a 9‐year
...
Figure 5.18.
Pleural carcinomatosis and pulmonary carcinoma in a 10‐year‐old
...
Figure 5.19.
Parietal pleural nodule in an 8‐year‐old Labrador Retriever wit
...
Figure 5.20.
Cranial mediastinal cyst in a 9‐year‐old cat. (A)
L...
Figure 5.21.
Large cranial mediastinal (branchial) cyst in a 15‐year‐old cat
...
Figure 5.22.
Reactive sternal lymph node in a dog with chylothorax. (A)
Late...
Figure 5.23.
Metastatic sternal lymph node in a dog with splenic hemangiosar
...
Figure 5.24.
Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in a 5‐year‐old Bernese mountain do
...
Figure 5.25.
Cranial mediastinal lymphomas in 1 cat and 2 dogs. (A)
On the l...
Figure 5.26.
Thymomas in 1 cat and 2 dogs. (A)
Lateral thoracic radiograph o...
Figure 5.27.
Cranial mediastinal mass in an 11‐year‐old mixed‐breed dog. (A)
...
Figure 5.28.
Cranial mediastinal mass with vascular invasion in an 11‐year‐o
...
Figure 5.29.
Cranial mediastinal mass in a domestic long‐haired cat.
T...
Figure 5.30.
Unusual cranial mediastinal mass in a 10‐year‐old Maltese
...
Figure 5.31.
Cranial mediastinal granulomatous mass in a cat. (A)
On this la...
Figure 5.32.
Cranial mediastinal abscess in a 1‐year‐old mixed breed dog wit
...
Figure 5.33.
Heart base tumor in a small‐breed dog. (A)
The ventrodors...
Figure 5.34.
Esophageal mass in a 14‐year‐old Welsh Corgi. (A, B)
...
Figure 5.35.
Esophageal mass
in a 16‐year‐old cat presented for a 6‐month his
...
Figure 5.36.
Tracheal wall thickening caused by eosinophilic airway disease
...
Figure 5.37.
Sonographic images of common pulmonary abnormalities. (A) Atele
...
Figure 5.38.
Acute suppurative pneumonia with hemorrhage in a 10‐year‐old La
...
Figure 5.39.
Aspiration pneumonia in two dogs.
Both examinations are perform...
Figure 5.40.
Torsion of the right middle lung lobe in a 5‐year‐old mixed, la
...
Figure 5.41.
Lung‐lobe torsion in a 6‐year‐old Chihuahua presented for incre
...
Figure 5.42.
Uniform lung consolidation in two dogs. (A)
Bronchoalveolar car
...
Figure 5.43.
Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in a 6‐year‐old Bernese Mounta
...
Figure 5.44.
Pulmonary carcinoma in a 15‐year‐old Dachshund. (A)
Figure 5.45.
Accessory lung lobe mass in an 11‐year‐old cat.
On ...
Figure 5.46.
Pulmonary carcinoma in a dog and a cat. (A)
This examination in...
Figure 5.47.
Unusual primary lung tumor in a 15‐year‐old Jack Russell Terrie
...
Figure 5.48.
Pulmonary lymphoma in an 18‐year‐old cat. (A)
The r...
Figure 5.49.
Pulmonary metastases in two dogs. (A)
A small, round, soft‐tiss...
Figure 5.50.
Fungal granuloma (blastomycosis) in an 11‐year‐old Cocker Spani
...
Figure 5.51.
Chronic pyogranulomatous pneumonia in a large‐breed dog. (A)
...
Figure 5.52.
Parasitic granulomas in a 13‐year‐old cat.
This pat...
Figure 5.53.
Pulmonary abscess in a 5‐year‐old collie. (A)
On th...
Figure 5.54.
Traumatic pulmonary hematoma in a 9‐year‐old Scottish Deerhound
...
Figure 5.55.
Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture in a 1‐year‐old cat. (A)
...
Figure 5.56.
True (congenital) diaphragmatic hernia with herniation of the g
...
Figure 5.57.
True (congenital) diaphragmatic hernia in a 14‐year‐old cat. (A
...
Figure 5.58.
Peritoneo‐pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a 2‐year‐old cat.
...
Figure 5.59.
Congenital peritoneo‐pericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a 3‐mo
...
Figure 5.60.
Diaphragmatic rhabdomyosarcoma in a 4‐month‐old cat.
...
Figure 5.61.
Sarcoma with diaphragmatic involvement in a 6‐year‐old domestic
...
Figure 5.62.
Ultrasound‐assisted procedures. (A) Thoracocentesis
in a ...
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1.
Patient positioning for transthoracic echocardiography in latera
...
Figure 6.2.
Echocardiographic orientation and anatomy. (A)
A prevailing coor...
Figure 6.3.
Right‐parasternal long‐axis scanning technique.
For ...
Figure 6.4.
Long‐axis four‐chamber view. (A, B)
2D image in dias...
Figure 6.5.
Long‐axis left ventricular outflow tract view. (A, B)
2D i...
Figure 6.6.
Right‐parasternal short‐axis scanning technique.
For...
Figure 6.7.
Short‐axis view at the apical level. (A, B)
2D image in di...
Figure 6.8.
Short‐axis view at the papillary muscle level. (A, B)
2D i...
Figure 6.9.
Short‐axis view at the chordal level.
2D image showing mul...
Figure 6.10.
Short‐axis view at the mitral valve level. (A, B)
2D imag...
Figure 6.11.
Short‐axis view at the aortic valve level. (A)
2D image o...
Figure 6.12.
Short‐axis view at the pulmonic valve level. (A, B)
2D im...
Figure 6.13.
Apical scanning technique.
The transducer is positioned at the ...
Figure 6.14.
Apical four‐chamber view. (A, B)
2D image in diastole
(A)
Figure 6.15.
Apical left ventricular outflow tract view. (A, B)
2D images in...
Figure 6.16.
Apical three‐chamber view. (A)
2D image in systole showin...
Figure 6.17.
Modified four‐chamber view optimized for the right cardiac cham
...
Figure 6.18.
Left cranial long‐axis scanning technique.
The transducer...
Figure 6.19.
Left cranial long‐axis – aortic valve view. (A, B)
...
Figure 6.20.
Left cranial long‐axis – tricuspid valve view. (A, B)
...
Figure 6.21.
Left cranial long‐axis – pulmonic valve view. (A, B)
...
Figure 6.22.
Left cranial short‐axis – RVOT and pulmonic valve view. (A, B)
...
Figure 6.23.
Subxiphoid view.
This transducer position is used principally f...
Figure 6.24.
Feline left cranial left auricular appendage view.
Image optimi...
Figure 6.25.
Linear ventricular measurements from M‐mode echocardiography.
...
Figure 6.26.
Linear left ventricular measurements from 2D images. (A)
The sh...
Figure 6.27.
Additional left ventricular size parameters in dogs. (A)
E‐poin...
Figure 6.28.
Wall measurements of the feline left ventricle.
The authors rec...
Figure 6.29.
Left ventricular volume measurements
. Method of discs (Simpson’...
Figure 6.30.
Left atrial size determination.
LA size determination is proble...
Figure 6.31.
Color Doppler imaging. (A)
RPS SAx view at the pulmonic valve l...
Figure 6.32.
Laminar versus turbulent flow. (A)
The PWD pulmonic ejection si...
Figure 6.33.
Spectral pulsed‐wave Doppler aliasing.
Spectral PWD recor...
Figure 6.34.
Common indices of left ventricular systolic function. (A)
M‐mod...
Figure 6.35.
Transmitral flow patterns.
Measurements include peak velocities...
Figure 6.36.
Diastolic dysfunction.
A schematic overview of diastology can b...
Figure 6.37.
Tissue Doppler recording of mitral annular velocity.
Velocity s...
Figure 6.38.
Pulsed‐wave Doppler recording of isovolumic relaxation time (IV
...
Figure 6.39.
2D and Doppler images from dogs with subaortic stenosis (SAS).
...
Figure 6.40.
Valvular aortic stenosis in two dogs. (A)
RPS SAx view at the a...
Figure 6.41.
Valvular pulmonic stenosis in a dog. (A)
RPS SAx 2D image at th...
Figure 6.42.
Aberrant coronary artery in a French Bulldog puppy with pulmoni
...
Figure 6.43.
Double‐chambered right ventricle in a cat.
RPS SAx 2D
(A)
Figure 6.44.
Tricuspid dysplasia in an English Springer Spaniel with right‐s
...
Figure 6.45.
Mitral dysplasia with valvular stenosis and regurgitation in a
...
Figure 6.46.
Left‐to‐right shunting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a Labr
...
Figure 6.47.
Left‐to‐right shunting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closed wi
...
Figure 6.48.
Reverse patent ductus arteriosus (reverse or right‐to‐left PDA)
...
Figure 6.49.
Ostium secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) in a dog and sinus v
...
Figure 6.50.
Large ostium primum atrial septal defect (ASD) in a dog. (A, B)
Figure 6.51.
Perimembranous ventricular septal defect (VSD) in a dog.
RPS LA...
Figure 6.52.
Tetralogy of Fallot (TF) in a French Bulldog. (A, B)
RPS 2D and...
Figure 6.53.
Cor triatriatum sinister in a cat. (A)
RPS SAx 2D image of cor ...
Figure 6.54.
Degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD). (A)
This RPS LAx view...
Figure 6.55.
Endocarditis of the aortic valve (A–D) and mitral valve (E–F).
...
Figure 6.56.
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in a dog. (A)
RPS SAx view of the ...
Figure 6.57.
Suspected nutritional DCM in a young German Shorthaired Pointer
...
Figure 6.58.
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in a Boxer. (A)
RPS LAx fo...
Figure 6.59.
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) in a cat
...
Figure 6.60.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in a cat. (A)
RPS SAx view at...
Figure 6.61.
Dynamic LVOT obstruction with HCM. (A)
RPS LAx view of the LVOT...
Figure 6.62. Left cranial left auricular appendage (LAA) view showing
(A)
sp
...
Figure 6.63.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) in cats.
2D LAx
(A, B)
and SAx...
Figure 6.64.
Pulmonary arterial hypertension in a dog with chronic respirato
...
Figure 6.65.
Pulmonary thromboembolism in a dog.
(A) This 2D RPS SAx at the ...
Figure 6.66.
Heartworm disease (dirofilariasis). (A)
This RPS LAx four‐chamb...
Figure 6.67.
Pericardial effusion (PE) and tamponade.
RPS LAx
(A, B)
and SAx...
Figure 6.68.
Left atrial rupture in a dog with severe DMVD. (A, B)
RPS LAx f...
Figure 6.69.
Hemangiosarcoma (HSA). (A)
Left cranial LAx–tricuspid valve vie...
Figure 6.70.
Heart base tumor (HBT). (A)
RPS SAx view at the aortic valve le...
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1.
Ultrasonographic approach and anatomy of the normal liver.
Illus...
Figure 7.2.
Effusion separating hepatic lobes.
Longitudinal oblique image of...
Figure 7.3.
Evaluation of liver size. (A) Normal liver.
Left parasagittal im...
Figure 7.4.
Falciform fat.
On this sagittal oblique ultrasonographic image o...
Figure 7.5.
Liver, spleen, and kidney relative echogenicities and echotextur
...
Figure 7.6.
Bilobed gallbladder in cats.
Sonographic
(A)
and gross anatomica...
Figure 7.7.
Gallbladder volume estimation using the ellipsoid method.
Longit...
Figure 7.8.
Biliary sludge in dogs and cats. (A)
Longitudinal image of the r...
Figure 7.9.
Normal common bile duct in a cat and a dog. (A‐B) Scanning techn
...
Figure 7.10.
Hyperechoic liver.
Dual images of the liver and spleen of a dog...
Figure 7.11.
Feline hepatic lipidosis.
Sagittal
(A)
and transverse
(B)
image...
Figure 7.12.
Steroid hepatopathy in two dogs.
Longitudinal images (
A–D
Figure 7.13.
Cholangiohepatitis in four cats. (A)
Longitudinal image of the ...
Figure 7.14.
Suppurative hepatitis/cholangiohepatitis in four dogs. (A–C)
...
Figure 7.15.
Granulomatous cholangiohepatitis in dogs. (A, B)
In these longi...
Figure 7.16.
Chronic active hepatitis and nodular hyperplasia. (A)
Longitudi...
Figure 7.17.
Hepatic cirrhosis in three dogs.
Transverse oblique images of t...
Figure 7.18.
Lymphoma in four dogs. (A)
Transverse oblique image of the left...
Figure 7.19.
Diffuse hepatic histiocytic sarcoma in two dogs. (A, B)
9‐year‐...
Figure 7.20.
Mast cell infiltration in a dog and a cat. (A)
In this dog, the...
Figure 7.21.
Diffuse hepatic carcinoma and hemangiosarcoma. (A)
Hepatic adeno
...
Figure 7.22.
Hepatocutaneous syndrome in two dogs. (A)
Sagittal image of the...
Figure 7.23.
Nodular hyperplasia in four dogs. (A)
Several poorly defined hy...
Figure 7.24.
Well‐differentiated hepatic carcinoma in three dogs. (A)
...
Figure 7.25.
Liver carcinomas. (A)
Hepatocellular carcinoma in a dog
. Transv...
Figure 7.26.
Hepatic metastases. (A, B)
From
pancreatic adenocarcinoma in tw
...
Figure 7.27.
Hepatic hemangiosarcoma in a dog and a cat. (A)
Longitudinal im...
Figure 7.28.
Unusual liver tumors in two dogs. (A, B)
Myxosarcoma
. A large, ...
Figure 7.29.
Target lesions. (A)
Longitudinal image of the mid‐portion of th...
Figure 7.30.
Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in two dogs. (A)
Multiple hypo...
Figure 7.31.
Lymphoma in two dogs. (A)
Close‐up longitudinal image of the le...
Figure 7.32.
Benign hepatic cyst‐like lesions in dogs. (A)
Transverse ...
Figure 7.33.
Biliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas in cats. (A)
Trans...
Figure 7.34.
Biliary carcinomas in two dogs. (A)
A poorly defined, 5‐cm hype...
Figure 7.35.
Hepatic abscesses in dogs.
Lateral radiograph (
A
) and longitudi...
Figure 7.36.
Hepatic granulomas in a dog and two cats. (A)
Longitudinal imag...
Figure 7.37.
Presumed hepatic hematoma in a dog with follow‐up.
Two‐ye...
Figure 7.38.
Parenchymal mineralization in a 14‐year‐old Shih Tzu with chron
...
Figure 7.39.
Hepatic lobe torsion in a 14‐year‐old cat with underlying cysta
...
Figure 7.40.
Hepatic infarction following cholecystectomy.
This 11‐year‐old ...
Figure 7.41.
Emphysematous hepatitis.
Corresponding lateral abdominal radiog...
Figure 7.42.
Choledochal cyst in a 7‐year‐old cat with chronic cholangiohepa
...
Figure 7.43.
Congenital malformation with biliary ectasia in two cats. (A)
S...
Figure 7.44.
Gallbladder agenesis in a 4‐month‐old Australian sheepdog prese
...
Figure 7.45
Umbilico‐biliary fistula in a puppy leaking yellow fluid (bile)
...
Figure 7.46.
Extrahepatic biliary obstruction in three dogs and a cat. (A)
L...
Figure 7.47.
Chronic extrahepatic biliary obstruction in a dog and a cat. (A
...
Figure 7.48.
Pancreatitis and biliary obstruction in two dogs.
Transverse
(A
...
Figure 7.49.
Biliary obstruction by a cholelith in two cats and one dog. (A,
...
Figure 7.50.
Biliary obstruction caused by fibrous stricture or neoplasia in
...
Figure 7.51.
Cholecystitis in two cats and two dogs. (A)
Longitudinal image ...
Figure 7.52.
Gallbladder wall edema in two dogs. (A)
Transverse image of the...
Figure 7.53.
Partial or immature gallbladder mucocele in dogs.
Transverse
(A
...
Figure 7.54.
Complete or mature gallbladder (GB) in two dogs with mucocele.
...
Figure 7.55.
Maturation of a mucocele in a dog
. Transverse (
A
and
C
) and lon...
Figure 7.56.
Gallbladder rupture and fragments migration in dogs. (A)
Transv...
Figure 7.57.
Biliary polyp and cholelithiasis in four dogs. (A)
In this medi...
Figure 7.58.
Ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration.
In the ph...
Figure 7.59.
Ultrasound‐guided percutaneous biopsy.
Longitudinal image...
Figure 7.60.
Postbiopsy hemorrhage. (A)
Longitudinal image obtained after ul...
Figure 7.61.
Ultrasound‐guided cholecystocenthesis.
In this dog with e...
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1.
Normal anatomy and scanning technique in a dog. Left:
A schemati...
Figure 8.2.
Normal ultrasonographic appearance of the craniodorsal extremity
...
Figure 8.3.
Normal feline spleen. (A)
Sagittal sonogram of a normal spleen. ...
Figure 8.4.
Normal splenic echogenicity in a 2‐year‐old medium‐breed dog (A)
...
Figure 8.5.
Normal splenic vascularization in a dog. (A)
Longitudinal sonogr...
Figure 8.6.
Splenomegaly following sedation in a 7‐year‐old cat. (A)
...
Figure 8.7.
Splenomegaly in a 7‐year‐old mixed‐breed dog with splenic leishm
...
Figure 8.8.
Splenomegaly in a 9‐year‐old mixed breed dog.
The sp...
Figure 8.9.
Splenomegaly in a 9‐year‐old domestic shorthair cat with mast ce
...
Figure 8.10.
Lymphoma in a 12‐year‐old domestic shorthair cat.
T...
Figure 8.11.
Splenic lymphoma in a 14‐year‐old mixed‐breed dog.
...
Figure 8.12.
Granulomatous splenitis in a 6‐year‐old cat secondary to feline
...
Figure 8.13.
Bacterial splenitis (Staphylococcus aureus) in a 13‐year‐old La
...
Figure 8.14.
Multifocal splenic infarctions and necrosis in an 11‐year‐old G
...
Figure 8.15.
Splenic torsion in two dogs. (A, B, C)
In this 12‐year‐old Germ...
Figure 8.16.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis in a 12‐year‐old Rottweiler.
...
Figure 8.17.
Fibrous histiocytic nodule in a cat.
On this longitudinal sonog...
Figure 8.18.
Splenic trauma in three dogs. (A)
Longitudinal sonogram of the ...
Figure 8.19.
Pyogranulomatous splenitis in a 9‐year‐old Weimaraner.
...
Figure 8.20.
Splenitis in two dogs. (A)
Bacterial splenitis in a 13‐year‐old...
Figure 8.21.
(A) Lymphoma in a 7‐year‐old mixed breed dog.
There...
Figure 8.22.
Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in a 7‐year‐old (A)
...
Figure 8.23.
Metastatic anal sac adenocarcinoma in a dog.
The spleen is enla...
Figure 8.24.
Lymphomatous infiltration of the spleen in a 10‐year‐old cat.
...
Figure 8.25.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis in a 5‐year‐old cat. (A)
...
Figure 8.26.
Examples of splenic myelolipomas. (A)
A strongly hyperechoic no...
Figure 8.27.
Large benign splenic masses in four dogs. (A)
Splenic nodular h...
Figure 8.28.
Splenic nodular hyperplasia, chronic hematoma, hemorrhage, and
...
Figure 8.29.
Splenic nodular hyperplasia and hemorrhage in a 13‐year‐old Lab
...
Figure 8.30.
Segmental splenic infarction and abscessation in a 13‐year‐old
...
Figure 8.31.
Large splenic mass in an 11‐year‐old Siamese cat.
T...
Figure 8.32.
Variable appearances of splenic hemangiosarcoma in five dogs an
...
Figure 8.33.
Splenic hemangiosarcoma and hemoabdomen in a large‐breed dog in
...
Figure 8.34.
Histiocytic sarcoma in three dogs. (A)
Histiocytic sarcoma in a...
Figure 8.35.
Plasma cell tumor in a 12‐year‐old domestic shorthair cat.
...
Figure 8.36.
Soft tissue sarcoma in a dog and a cat. (A)
In a dog with high‐...
Figure 8.37.
Splenic round‐cell neoplasia in two cats. (A)
Round‐cell ...
Figure 8.38.
Hematophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma in an 8‐year‐old Labrador
...
Figure 8.39.
Splenic vein thrombus without evidence of splenic infarction in
...
Figure 8.40.
Splenic vein thrombosis in a 4‐year‐old Australian Shepherd (A)
...
Figure 8.41.
(A, B) Splenic infarcts in four dogs. (A)
In a 10‐year‐old Aust...
Figure 8.42.
Splenic torsion in a 6‐year‐old standard Poodle. Left:
...
Figure 8.43.
Perivenous hyperechoic triangle at the level of the splenic hil
...
Figure 8.44. Accessory spleen (
splenunculus)
in a dog and in a cat.
(A)
. A s...
Figure 8.45.
Lymphoma in a 7‐year‐old mixed breed dog.
Note the ...
Figure 8.46.
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma in a 10‐year‐old female mixed‐breed
...
Figure 8.47.
Infection with gas‐producing bacteria secondary to torsion and
...
Figure 8.48.
Speckled spleen with Cushing's disease. (A)
. In this 12‐yea...
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1.
Ultrasonographic anatomy of the normal canine gastrointestinal t
...
Figure 9.2.
Artifacts commonly seen associated with the gastrointestinal tra
...
Graph 9.1. Relative thickness of individual wall layers in the duodenum, jej...
Graph 9.2. Relative thickness of individual wall layers in the duodenum, jej...
Figure 9.3.
Sonograms of normal esophagus and stomach in normal dogs and cat
...
Figure 9.4.
Sonograms of normal small intestines and colon in dogs. (A)
The ...
Figure 9.5.
Sonograms of normal gastrointestinal segments in cats. (A)
Trans...
Figure 9.6.
Sonograms of lymphoid tissue in dogs and cats. (A)
Longitudinal ...
Figure 9.7.
Normal intestinal layers.
Sonogram of one sagittal intestinal se...
Figure 9.8.
Normal luminal contents. (A–C)
The alimentary pattern cons...
Figure 9.9.
Unusual luminal contents.
(
A, B) Baby carrots.
Transverse
(A)
so...
Figure 9.10.
Intussusception in a dog.
Illustrations of the relationship of ...
Figure 9.11.
Gastric intussusception in two dogs. (A, B)
A
duodenogastric
in...
Figure 9.12.
Jejunal intussusception in a dog and a cat.
Transverse
(A)
and ...
Figure 9.13.
Jejunocolonic intussusception.
Transverse
(A, C)
and longitudin...
Figure 9.14.
Colonic intussusception and adenocarcinoma.
Transverse sonograp...
Figure 9.15.
Plication mimicking intussusception.
Longitudinal sonogram of a...
Figure 9.16.
Proximal jejunal obstructive foreign body. (A)
Lateral radiogra...
Figure 9.17.
Gastric foreign bodies in two dogs. (A)
A
rubber ball
was prese...
Figure 9.18.
Intestinal foreign bodies.
A wide range of foreign materials ca...
Figure 9.19.
Perforating foreign bodies. (A, B)
Part of a
hard plastic forei
...
Figure 9.20.
Linear foreign bodies in two dogs and one cat. (A)
Foreign mate...
Figure 9.21.
Intestinal worms.
Numerous tubular structures were present in t...
Figure 9.22.
Partially obstructive intestinal adenocarcinoma.
Foreign materi...
Figure 9.23.
Jejunal segment herniation
in an 11‐year‐old Pomeranian dog wit...
Figure 9.24.
Mesenteric rent and volvulus in a 5‐year‐old Labrador dog prese
...
Figure 9.25.
Gastritis. (A)
In this 4‐year‐old Lhasa Apso with acute vomitin...
Figure 9.26.
Gastric ulcers. (A)
Sagittal sonogram of the stomach of a Siame...
Figure 9.27.
Gastric edema in four dogs. (A)
Transverse sonogram of the pylo...
Figure 9.28.
Uremic gastropathy. (A)
Uremic gastropathy is seen in dogs or c...
Figure 9.29.
Mucosal changes. (A)
Hyperechoic speckles (arrow) are seen alon...
Figure 9.30.
Mucosal line parallel to the lumen. (A)
A fine hyperechoic line...
Figure 9.31.
Mucosal hyperechoic striations.
Longitudinal B‐mode
(A)
and col...
Figure 9.32.
Submucosal change.
There is nodular thickening of the submucosa...
Figure 9.33.
Intestinal wall muscular thickening. (A, B)
5‐year‐old cat with...
Figure 9.34.
Viral enteritis in a dog and a cat. (A, B)
Sonograms of a 3‐mon...
Figure 9.35.
(A) Hemorrhagic enterocolitis in an 8‐month‐old English Pointer
...
Figure 9.36.
Bowel corrugation. (A)
Several corrugated bowel segments are pr...
Figure 9.37.
Gastroduodenitis and pancreatitis in three dogs. (A)
The duoden...
Figure 9.38.
Typhlitis in cats. (A)
In this cat presented for diarrhea, the ...
Figure 9.39.
Colonic wall thickening. (A)
Sagittal image of the thickened co...
Figure 9.40.
Gastrointestinal pneumatosis. (A)
On this lateral radiograph of...
Figure 9.41.
Peritoneal cestodiasis.
Peritoneal cestodiasis in this 6‐year‐o...
Figure 9.42.
Postoperative enterotomy. (A)
Normal immediate postoperative so...
Figure 9.43.
Four days postoperative gastropexy.
In this 6‐month‐old German ...
Figure 9.44.
Intestinal dehiscence (A, B) and perforation (C, D). (A)
There ...
Figure 9.45.
Perforating ulcers.
Numerous enteric ulcerations are present in...
Figure 9.46.
Intestinal dehiscence and peritoneal abscess.
A 1‐year‐old dog ...
Figure 9.47.
Intestinal strictures in three dogs. (A, B) Intestinal strangul
...
Figure 9.48.
Postoperative intestinal adhesions. (A)
In this 11‐year‐old min...
Figure 9.49.
Subserosal seroma following surgical biopsy.
A discrete, rounde...
Figure 9.50.
Gastric lymphoma in two cats. (A)
Lateral radiograph of an 11‐y...
Figure 9.51.
Intestinal lymphoma in a 15‐year‐old cat with anorexia and weig
...
Figure 9.52.
Intestinal lymphoma in an 11‐year‐old Greyhound.
Ob...
Figure 9.53.
Intestinal lymphoma. (A)
Longitudinal sonogram of an asymmetric...
Figure 9.54.
Jejunal and omental lymphoma in a cat and in a dog. (A–D)
Figure 9.55.
Ulcerated lymphoma. (A)
Longitudinal sonogram of an ulcerated l...
Figure 9.56.
Feline lymphoma with altered layering. (A)
A 12‐year‐old domest...
Figure 9.57.
Gastric altered layering with adenocarcinoma in three dogs. (A)
Figure 9.58.
Intestinal adenocarcinomas with obstruction in 3 cats.
Lateral ...
Figure 9.59.
Adenocarcinoma of the ileocecocolic junction of a 12‐year‐old c
...
Figure 9.60.
Jejunal carcinoma in a 7‐year‐old Pug with chronic watery diarr
...
Figure 9.61.
Leiomyoma in two dogs. (A)
Transverse sonogram of the tumor in ...
Figure 9.62.
Intestinal leiomyosarcoma in two dogs. (A)
Sonogram of a jejuna...
Figure 9.63.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) in five dogs. (A)
Trans...
Figure 9.64.
Leiomyoma of the stomach in two dogs. (A, B)
Sonograms of the s...
Figure 9.65.
Mast cell tumors in cats. (A)
On this transverse sonogram, lesi...
Figure 9.66.
Histiocytic sarcoma. (A)
Longitudinal
(A)
and transverse
(B)
so...
Figure 9.67.
Cecal hemangiosarcoma in a 9‐year‐old domestic shorthair cat pr
...
Figure 9.68.
Adenomatous polyps in the stomach in an 11‐year‐old Jack Russel
...
Figure 9.69.
Chronic hypertrophic
pyloric stenosis in one dog. (A
,
B)
There ...
Figure 9.70.
Gastric polyps in 2 Yorkshire terriers.
In this 16‐year‐old Yor...
Figure 9.71.
Duodenal mucosal hyperplasia evolving into adenocarcinoma. (A
,
Figure 9.72.
Duodenal polyp in four cats.
(A)
In an 11‐year‐old cat, an echo...
Figure 9.73.
Feline eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia in two cats.
Transve...
Figure 9.74.
Granulomatous enteritis.
Sagittal
(A)
and transverse
(B)
sonogr...
Figure 9.75.
Intestinal duplication in three cats. (A
,
B)
An 8‐year‐old cat ...
Figure 9.76.
Short colon in a 16‐year‐old cat. (A, B)
The latera...
Figure 9.77.
Gastric hyperplastic polyp in two young French Bulldogs.
Sagitt...
Figure 9.78.
(A
,
B) Vascular compromise due to intestinal volvulus in a 3‐ye
...
Figure 9.79.
Intestinal vascular anomaly in a 9‐month‐old Labrador dog with
...
Figure 9.80.
Ultrasound‐guided biopsy and fine‐needle aspiration.
...
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1.
Approach to the normal canine pancreas.
Illustration of the pan...
Figure 10.2.
Normal pancreas in an old dog.
Longitudinal sonogram of the lef...
Figure 10.3.
Approach to the normal feline pancreas.
Illustration of the pan...
Figure 10.4.
Acute pancreatitis in two dogs. (A–C)
In this 9‐year‐old ...
Figure 10.5.
Acute pancreatitis in six cats. (A)
Longitudinal sonographic im...
Figure 10.6.
Duodenal and gastric changes associated with pancreatitis in th
...
Figure 10.7.
Necrotizing hemorrhagic pancreatitis in two dogs.
Transverse
(A
...
Figure 10.8.
Pancreatic edema in three dogs and one cat. (A)
Transverse sono...
Figure 10.9.
Pancreatic pseudocyst in two dogs.
Transverse
(A)
and longitudi...
Figure 10.10.
Pancreatic cysts in dogs and cats. (A)
Oblique sonogram of two...
Figure 10.11.
Pancreatic abscess in two dogs. (A)
Longitudinal sonogram of a...
Figure 10.12.
Pancreatic abscess in three cats. (A)
Sonogram of a 5‐year‐old...
Figure 10.13.
Dilated common bile duct in a cat with pancreatitis.
Transvers...
Figure 10.14.
Chronic pancreatitis in three dogs. (A)
Diffuse chronic active...
Figure 10.15.
Chronic pancreatitis in three cats. (A)
Longitudinal sonograph...
Figure 10.16.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in two cats. (A, B)
Longitud...
Figure 10.17.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in a 17‐year‐old DSH cat wit
...
Figure 10.18.
Dilated pancreatic duct (PD) in cats. (A)
Mildly dilated, 1.7‐...
Figure 10.19.
Nodular hyperplasia in a cat and a dog. (A)
Longitudinal sonog...
Figure 10.20.
Pancreatic carcinomas in dogs and cats. (A)
A hypoechoic mass ...
Figure 10.21.
Metastases from pancreatic carcinomas in two cats and one dog
....
Figure 10.22.
Pancreatic adenoma in two cats. (A)
An incidental 1.3 cm nearl...
Figure 10.23.
Pancreatic lymphoma in two dogs and one cat. (A)
Numerous vari...
Figure 10.24.
Pancreatic insulinoma in four dogs.
Insulinomas can appear as ...
Figure 10.25.
Ectopic intrapancreatic splenic tissue in an 8‐year‐old male n
...
Figure 10.26.
Drainage of cavitary lesion in 9‐year‐old Australian shepherd.
...
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1.
Illustration and sonographic approach and normal anatomy in the
...
Figure 11.2.
Composite image of the urinary bladder and adjacent anatomical
...
Figure 11.3.
Normal ranges for renal‐to‐aorta and renal‐to‐L5 (or L6) ratios
...
Figure 11.4.
Normal feline kidney.
Longitudinal
(A)
and transverse
(B)
image...
Figure 11.5.
Normal variants in cats and dogs. (A, B)
The renal cortex is hy...
Figure 11.6.
Renal vasculature in dogs and cats.
Longitudinal
(A)
and transv...
Figure 11.7.
Normal bladder thickness and distension in a 30‐kg dog.
A...
Figure 11.8.
Normal ureterovesical junctions in a dog. (A)
Longitudinal sono...
Figure 11.9.
Ureteral jet in a dog. (A)
transverse sonogram of a bladder in ...
Figure 11.10.
Lipid droplets in the bladder of two cats
.
(A)
Floating echoge...
Figure 11.11.
Normal urethra in a male dog.
Duplex sonogram of the proximal ...
Figure 11.12.
Normal penile urethra in a dog.
On the left, an illustration o...
Figure 11.13.
Congenital malformations of kidneys and ureters
.
(A) Ectopic k
...
Figure 11.14.
Congenital renal fusion.
Sagittal ultrasound image of a 6‐year...
Figure 11.15.
Unilateral renal dysgenesis in a 7‐month‐old intact Dachshund.
...
Figure 11.16.
Renal dysplasia in two dogs. (A)
Longitudinal image of the lef...
Figure 11.17.
Bilateral renal dysplasia
. In this 1‐year‐old Eurasier dog, bo...
Figure 11.18.
Telangiectasia in a 11
‐
year‐old Welsch Corgie presented for he
...
Figure 11.19.
Hydroureter.
Longitudinal image obtained with Power Doppler in...
Figure 11.20.
Ectopic ureters. (A, B)
Longitudinal
(A)
and transverse
(B)
im...
Figure 11.21.
Ectopic ureter with ascending infection.
Longitudinal sonograp...
Figure 11.22.
Ectopic ureter in two dogs. (A)
Longitudinal sonogram of a dil...
Figure 11.23.
Ureterocele in two dogs. (A–C)
In this 4‐month‐old Labra...
Figure 11.24.
Vesicourachal diverticulum in two cats. (A)
Longitudinal sonog...
Figure 11.25.
Pelvic bladder
in a 1.5‐year‐old male Doberman presented for i...
Figure 11.26.
Bilateral renomegaly and diabetes.
Both kidneys are moderately...
Figure 11.27.
Increased renal echogenicity with ethylene glycol toxicity in
...
Figure 11.28.
Chronic interstitial nephritis in two cats.
On these longitudi...
Figure 11.29.
Chronic renal disease in a 11‐year‐old small breed dog with cr
...
Figure 11.30.
Chronic renal changes with dystrophic mineralization. (A)
Long...
Figure 11.31.
Leptospirosis in a 2‐year‐old German shepherd with acute kidne
...
Figure 11.32.
Acute leptospirosis.
Longitudinal
(A)
and transverse
(B)
image...
Figure 11.33.
Pyogranulomatous vasculitis.
Longitudinal
(A)
and transverse
(
...
Figure 11.34.
Renal degeneration in a 12‐year‐old mixed‐breed dog with norma
...
Figure 11.35.
Glomerulonephritis.
Longitudinal image of the left kidney of a...
Figure 11.36.
Nephrocalcinosis in two dogs with hypercalcemia. (A)
On this l...
Figure 11.37.
Renal lymphoma in three cats. (A)
Transverse image of the left...
Figure 11.38.
Extensive renal neoplasia of two dogs and two cats. (A)
Longit...
Figure 11.39.
Renal cysts and polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in dogs and ca
...
Figure 11.40.
Renal abscesses in three dogs. (A, B) Abscess associated with
...
Figure 11.41.
Subcapsular septic empyema with unilateral pyelonephritis in a
...
Figure 11.42.
Large cystic renal masses in a dog and a cat. (A)
A very large...
Figure 11.43.
Renal metastases. (A)
Longitudinal image of the left kidney of...
Figure 11.44.
Renal nodules in a dog and a cat with lymphoma.
Longitudinal
(
...
Figure 11.45.
Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in two dogs. (A)
Transverse i...
Figure 11.46.
Renal hemangiosarcoma in two dogs.
Longitudinal
(A)
and transv...
Figure 11.47.
Undifferentiated sarcoma invading the left kidney with venous
...
Figure 11.48.
Non‐neoplastic nodules in two cats and two dogs. (A)
Lon...
Figure 11.49.
Renal mineralization and nephroliths in one dog and one cat. (
...
Figure 11.50.
Cortical infarction in two cats and two dogs. (A)
In this long...
Figure 11.51.
Renal pelvis measurement.
The renal pelvis can be more accurat...
Figure 11.52.
Dilated diverticuli and pelvis in a dog with ureteral obstruct
...
Figure 11.53.
Dilated pelvis and ureter in a dog with pyelonephritis.
Longit...
Figure 11.54.
Acute pyelonephritis in a cat.
Longitudinal
(A)
and transverse...
Figure 11.55.
Chronic pyelonephritis and nephroliths in a cat.
Longitudinal ...
Figure 11.56.
Chronic pyelonephritis in a 12‐year‐old English springer.
...
Figure 11.57.
Obstructive hydronephrosis in a cat.
Longitudinal
(A)
and tran...
Figure 11.58.
Uroliths with scant pyelectasia in a cat. (A)
Transverse image...
Figure 11.59.
Severe hydronephrosis.
Longitudinal image of the left kidney i...
Figure 11.60.
Renal hemangiosarcoma in two dogs. (A)
The mass (arrowheads) i...
Figure 11.61.
Severe hydronephrosis.
Longitudinal image of the left kidney i...
Figure 11.62.
Pyonephrosis and ureteral abscess.
Longitudinal
(A)
and transv...
Figure 11.63.
Obstructive ureterolith in a cat with hydronephrosis.
Longitud...
Figure 11.64.
Nonobstructive uroliths in a cat.
Longitudinal
(A)
and transve...
Figure 11.65.
Urolith in distal ureter.
Transverse B‐Mode
(left)
and power D...
Figure 11.66.
Infiltrative ureteral lymphoma in a cat.
Longitudinal images o...
Figure 11.67.
Fibroepithelial polyp in a dog and in a cat. (A)
Longitudinal ...
Figure 11.68.
Ureteral rupture in a 5‐year‐old Shih Tsu. (A)
The...
Figure 11.69.
Retroperitoneal effusion.
Longitudinal image obtained in the r...
Figure 11.70.
Ureteral rupture, retroperitoneal urinoma, and abscess.
Longit...
Figure 11.71.
Ureteral calculi and rupture in a 11‐year‐old Lhapso/poodle mi
...
Figure 11.72.
Perinephric pseudocyst associated with different types of rena
...
Figure 11.73.
Cystitis in two dogs and one cat. (A)
Longitudinal sonogram of...
Figure 11.74.
Pseudomembranous cystitis in one dog and one cat. (A)
Composit...
Figure 11.75.
Encrusting cystitis.
In this 3‐year‐old male German shorthair ...
Figure 11.76.
Emphysematous cystitis in two diabetic dogs. (A)
In this 11‐ye...
Figure 11.77.
Polypoid cystitis in three dogs. (A)
Longitudinal sonogram of ...
Figure 11.78.
Follicular cystitis in a 7‐month‐old Golden Retriever cross
...
Figure 11.79.
Bladder wall inversion in a 13‐year‐old Labrador cross
...
Figure 11.80.
Malakoplakia of the Bladder of a 4‐month‐old female English Bu
...
Figure 11.81.
Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in four dogs and one cat. (A
...
Figure 11.82.
Urethral transitional cell carcinoma in three dogs. (A)
In thi...
Figure 11.83.
Bladder smooth muscle tumors in two dogs (A, B), and one cat (
...
Figure 11.84.
Bladder hemangiosarcoma in a dog.
Longitudinal sonogram of a l...
Figure 11.85.
Bladder mast cell tumor in a dog.
Longitudinal sonogram of a u...
Figure 11.86.
Extensive bladder carcinomas in two dogs. (A)
Panoramic longit...
Figure 11.87.
Lymphoma in three cats. (A)
A multilobulated, poorly echogenic...
Figure 11.88.
Urethral osteosarcoma in a dog. (A)
Positive‐contrast retrogra...
Figure 11.89.
Cystic calculi in dogs and cats. (A)
Transverse sonogram of th...
Figure 11.90.
Bladder mineral sediment in a dog.
Transverse sonogram of diff...
Figure 11.91.
Pyuria in two dogs. (A)
Pyuria appears as nonshadowing, modera...
Figure 11.92.
Twinkle artifact with calculi.
Using color flow Doppler, an ar...
Figure 11.93.
Urethral calculi in a dog.
Longitudinal
(A)
and contiguous tra...
Figure 11.94.
Urethral distension in a blocked cat.
Longitudinal sonogram of...
Figure 11.95.
Bladder blood clots dogs. (A)
Longitudinal sonogram of the uri...
Figure 11.96.
Ruptured urinary bladder in a dog and in a cat. (A)
Longitudin...
Figure 11.97.
Refraction artifact versus bladder rupture in a dog.
Longitudi...
Figure 11.98.
Traumatic cystocentesis
. A blind cystocentesis was performed i...
Figure 11.99.
Postsurgical incision follow‐up. (A)
An 11‐year‐old Corg...
Figure 11.100.
Luminal foreign bodies and parasites. (A)
Longitudinal sonogr...
Figure 11.101.
Ultrasound‐guided renal biopsy. (A)
The tru‐cut biopsy ...
Figure 11.102.
Ultrasound‐guided aspiration‐drainage.
A fine‐nee...
Figure 11.103.
Ultrasound‐guided pyelocentesis and pyelography. (A)
Tr...
Figure 11.104.
SUB assessment in a 10‐year‐old cat.
The SUB appa...
Figure 11.105.
SUB complication.
During the SUB flush of a 5‐year‐old cat DS...
Figure 11.106.
SUB complication
. At an evaluation of an 8‐year‐old Shih Tzu ...
Figure 11.107.
Ultrasound monitoring of renal stenting in a 12‐year‐old York
...
Figure 11.108.
Cystocentesis in a dog.
Longitudinal sonogram of the urinary ...
Figure 11.109.
TCC seeded in the rectus abdominis of a 10‐year‐old Maine Coo
...
Figure 11.110.
Suction biopsy in a dog.
Longitudinal sonogram of the urinary...
Figure 11.111.
US monitoring of transurethral biopsy of a bladder mass in a
...
Figure 11.112.
US assistance of laser ablation of ectopic ureter
in a 5‐mont...
Figure 11.113.
Urethral stent in two dogs. (A)
Longitudinal sonogram of a do...
Figure 11.114.
Mucus plug in an obstructed cat
. Initial longitudinal sonogra...
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1.
Normal adrenal glands in dogs.
The schematic drawing illustrate...
Figure 12.2.
Vascular landmarks for the left adrenal gland in dogs. (A, B)
S...
Figure 12.3.
Normal right adrenal gland in a Labrador Retriever.
Sagittal
(A
...
Figure 12.4.
Normal adrenal glands in cats. (A)
Sagittal sonographic image o...
Figure 12.5.
Incidental adrenal mineralization in three old cats. (A, B)
Sag...
Figure 12.6.
Pituitary‐dependent adrenal hyperplasia (PDH) in dogs. (A, B)
...
Figure 12.7.
Rounded poles of adrenal glands in a dog with a chronic, non‐en
...
Figure 12.8.
Adrenal‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism in two dogs.
Sagit...
Figure 12.9.
(A, B) Addison's disease in a dog.
Sagittal ultrasound imag...
Figure 12.10.
Adrenal nodules and masses in four dogs and one cat. (A)
Longi...
Figure 12.11.
Adrenal pheochromocytomas in two dogs. (A)
Dorsal plane image ...
Figure 12.12.
Adrenocortical carcinoma and venous thrombosis in a dog.
Sagit...
Figure 12.13.
Pheochromocytoma and malignant CVC thrombosis in a 9‐year‐old
...
Figure 12.14.
Paraganglioma in a dog.
B‐mode sagittal sonographic image of a...
Figure 12.15.
Hemorrhagic adrenocortical carcinoma in a dog.
Longitudinal so...
Figure 12.16.
Mineralization of benign adrenal lesions in dogs. (A)
Adrenal ...
Figure 12.17.
Adrenal masses in cats with hyperadrenocorticism.
In
(A)
, an
a
...
Figure 12.18.
Adrenal lymphoma in a cat.
Both adrenal glands were enlarged a...
Figure 12.19.
Incidental adrenal lesions in dogs. (A)
Dorsal plane image of ...
Figure 12.20.
Acromegaly in a male castrated cat.
Both left
(A)
and right
(B
...
Figure 12.21.
Trilostane toxicity in two dogs
.
(A, B)
Contrast‐enhanced ultr...
Figure 12.22.
Fine‐needle aspiration of an adrenal mass in a dog.
The ...
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1.
Normal female dog reproductive tract.
On the left is a schemati...
Figure 13.2.
Normal ovaries in prepuberal animals.
(A)
Sagittal image of the...
Figure 13.3.
Normal ovaries in a dog and a cat
, during
anestrus (A, B)
and
p
...
Figure 13.4.
Anovulatory cycle in a 3‐year‐old Bengal cat, 2 weeks after hea
...
Figure 13.5.
Normal ovary during estrus and metestrus in a 1.5‐year‐old Chih
...
Figure 13.6.
Normal ovaries during ovulation in a 3.5‐year‐old Czechoslovaki
...
Figure 13.7.
Normal left ovaries in two dogs during metestrus (A) and postpa
...
Figure 13.8.
Ovarian cysts in four dogs. (A)
Solitary cavitary structure, 16...
Figure 13.9.
Granular cell ovarian carcinoma arising from remnant tissue in
...
Figure 13.10.
Luteoma arising from residual ovarian tissue in a 9‐year‐old C
...
Figure 13.11.
Left ovarian teratoma in a 2‐year‐old Husky.
(A
,
B
...
Figure 13.12.
Ovarian remnants in the region of ovarian pedicles in two dogs
...
Figure 13.13.
Sagittal images of postovariectomy sites. (A)
Normal hyperecho...
Figure 13.14.
Normal uterus in a prepubertal medium size dog. (A)
Longitudin...
Figure 13.15.
Normal uterus in a 1.5‐year‐old Jack Russel Terrier during met
...
Figure 13.16.
Normal uterus of a cat.
Sagittal
(A)
and transverse
(B)
sonogr...
Figure 13.17.
Normal uterus of a dog during estrus.
(A, B)
Longitudinal
(A)
...
Figure 13.18.
Normal sonograms of cervical stump after ovariohysterectomy in
...
Figure 13.19.
Progression of normal first half of pregnancy in an Abyssinian
...
Figure 13.20.
Normal mid‐ to late‐term pregnancy in three cats.
Figure 13.21.
Progression of normal pregnancy in a 4‐year‐old Labrador Retri
...
Figure 13.22.
Normal late‐term pregnancy in a 4‐year‐old Pointer.
...
Figure 13.23.
Normal fetal circulation.
The head of the fetus is to the righ...
Figure 13.24.
Normal fetal circulation.
The head of the fetus is to the left...
Figure 13.25.
Sonogram of a 25‐day‐old canine fetus.
The zonular...
Figure 13.26.
Normal placenta in a pregnant Maine Coon cat, day 32 post mati
...
Figure 13.27.
Normal involution of a 4 days postpartum uterus in a 4‐year‐ol
...
Figure 13.28.
Embryonic resorption in a cat, 26 days after last breeding.
(A
...
Figure 13.29.
Embryonic resorption in a dog and a cat. (A)
Ultrasonographic ...
Figure 13.30.
Fetal abnormalities. (A)
1‐year‐old Chihuahua bred 30 days bef...
Figure 13.31.
Right inguinal hernia with uterine horn and mummified fetus in
...
Figure 13.32.
Uterine torsion in a pregnant cat.
This transverse sonogram sh...
Figure 13.33.
Postpartum metritis in a small breed bitch
, presented with mar...
Figure 13.34.
Uterine unicornis in a young cat.
During ovariectomy, absence ...
Figure 13.35.
Moderate endometrial hyperplasia in a 6‐year‐old Chihuahua.
...
Figure 13.36.
Severe cystic endometrial hyperplasia in a Cocker Spaniel.
Sag...
Figure 13.37.
Endometrial uterine hyperplasia in two Chihuahua dogs.
(A)
On ...
Figure 13.38.
Suppurative pseudoplacentation in a 4‐year‐old Norwich Terrier
...
Figure 13.39.
Papillary endometrial hyperplasia in a 4‐year‐old Maine Coon c
...
Figure 13.40.
Mucometra in an asymptomatic 10‐year‐old Yorkshire Terrier.
...
Figure 13.41.
Endometritis and pyometra in two dogs.
(A)
Longitudinal image ...
Figure 13.42.
Marked cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra in an 8‐yea
...
Figure 13.43.
Stump pyometra in a 13‐year‐old spayed Maltese dog.
...
Figure 13.44.
Stump granuloma due to vegetal foreign body confirmed by surge
...
Figure 13.45.
Grass awn in a uterine horn of a 3‐year‐old neutered Spitz dog
...
Figure 13.46.
Uterine leiomyoma in a 12‐year‐old Jack Russel Terrier bitch.
...
Figure 13.47.
Uterine torsion associated with a uterine leiomyoma in a 10‐ye
...
Figure 13.48.
Vaginal and uterine lymphoma in a 12‐year‐old spayed cat.
...
Figure 13.49.
Vaginal smooth muscle tumors in two dogs.
(A)
Sagittal image o...
Figure 13.50.
Vaginal schwannoma in a 10‐year‐old Cocker Spaniel.
...
Figure 13.51.
Inactive mammary tissue.
Ultrasonographic images of teat and m...
Figure 13.52.
Active mammary tissue in 4‐year‐old dog 2 days prior to partur
...
Figure 13.53.
Normal active mammary tissue during lactation in a 4‐year‐old
...
Figure 13.54.
Fibroadenomatous hyperplasia of the mammary gland in 2‐year‐ol
...
Figure 13.55.
Mammary tumors in two dogs. (A, B) Mixed mammary tumor
in an 1...
Figure 13.56.
Complicated mammary carcinomas in a cat and in a dog. (A)
The ...
Figure 13.57.
Mastitis and abscess in an 11‐year‐old intact Afghan dog with
...
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1.
Normal anatomy of the canine prostate.
Sagittal
(A)
and ventral...
Figure 14.2.
Scanning technique and normal sonographic anatomy of the testic
...
Figure 14.3.
Normal prostate in a 1‐year‐old intact Labrador Retriever. (A)
...
Figure 14.4.
Anatomic reference and normal vas (ductus) deferens in a 6‐year
...
Figure 14.5.
Comparison of the appearance of the normal prostate in a juveni
...
Figure 14.6.
Normal prostate in two neutered dogs. (A, B)
Sagittal
(A)
and t...
Figure 14.7.
Prostatic remodeling in two dogs.
Sagittal
(A)
and transverse
(
...
Figure 14.8.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia in two intact dogs. (A, B)
Sagitta...
Figure 14.9.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia in three intact dogs. (A)
A sagitt...
Figure 14.10.
Prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Sagittal
(A)
and...
Figure 14.11.
Acute prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and intrapros
...
Figure 14.12.
Severe, diffuse, chronic‐active, suppurative prostatitis with
...
Figure 14.13.
Prostatic abscesses in three dogs. (A)
Septic abscess in a 3‐y...
Figure 14.14.
Septic prostatitis in a dog.
Sagittal
(A)
and transverse
(B)
i...
Figure 14.15.
Fungal prostatitis (blastomycosis) in a 1.5‐year‐old recently
...
Figure 14.16.
Paraprostatic cysts in a 4‐year‐old cryptorchid Labrador Retri
...
Figure 14.17.
Paraprostatic cysts and acute prostatitis in an 7‐year‐old Bul
...
Figure 14.18.
Complex paraprostatic cysts and suppurative prostatitis in a G
...
Figure 14.19.
Prostatic urothelial carcinomas in four dogs. (A, B)
Sagittal
Figure 14.20.
Transitional cell carcinoma and regional lymphadenopathy in an
...
Figure 14.21.
Prostatic hemangiosarcoma in a 10‐year‐old, neutered Greyhound
...
Figure 14.22.
Atrophied prostate in a neutered 5‐year‐old Pomeranian.
...
Figure 14.23.
Normal testicles in a 3‐month‐old Pointer.
The tes...
Figure 14.24.
Normal epididymis and pampiniform plexus in two dogs. (A–D) 9‐
...
Figure 14.25.
Inguinal cryptorchidism in a 5‐month‐old dog.
The ...
Figure 14.26.
Abdominal cryptorchidism in two dogs. (A)
The left testicle (b...
Figure 14.27.
Abdominal bilateral cryptorchidism in a 3‐year‐old Weimaraner
...
Figure 14.28.
Prominent gubernaculum testis in a cryptorchid 5‐month‐old Mas
...
Figure 14.29.
Leydig cell tumors in four dogs. (A)
Sagittal image of the lef...
Figure 14.30.
Seminomas in two dogs. (A)
Sagittal image of the left testicle...
Figure 14.31.
Sertoli cell tumors in four dogs. (A)
Sagittal image of a left...
Figure 14.32.
Mixed testicular tumors in two dogs. (A)
Mixed tumor (seminoma...
Figure 14.33.
Tumors of the epididymis in two dogs. (A, B)
Lymphoma in a 5‐y...
Figure 14.34.
Severe, necrosuppurative and edematous orchitis, epididymitis,
...
Figure 14.35.
Fungal orchitis and epididymitis (blastomycosis) in a 3‐year‐o
...
Figure 14.36.
Epididymitis in a 9‐year‐old Labrador Retriever.
O...
Figure 14.37.
Severe orchitis in a 9‐year‐old Glen of Imaal Terrier. (A)
...
Figure 14.38.
Severe bacterial orchitis and epididymitis in an 8‐year‐old La
...
Figure 14.39.
Cyst associated with the cranial pole of the right testicle in
...
Figure 14.40.
Epididymal cyst and mild hydrocele in a 7‐year‐old mixed‐breed
...
Figure 14.41.
Marked diffuse duct ectasia of the epididymis in a 9‐year‐old
...
Figure 14.42.
Intra‐abdominal torsion of a retained neoplastic testicle (Ser
...
Figure 14.43.
Scrotal testicular torsion in a 1‐year‐old Border Collie.
...
Figure 14.44.
Intra‐abdominal torsion of an immature testicle in a 3‐month‐o
...
Figure 14.45.
Testicular atrophy in a 1.5‐year‐old, right‐sided cryptorchid
...
Figure 14.46.
Testicular atrophy of unknown etiology in a 12‐year‐old Doberm
...
Figure 14.47.
Microcalcification/microlithiasis of the testicles in a 9‐year
...
Figure 14.48.
Blunt scrotal trauma in a 5‐month‐old dog. (A)
The...
Figure 14.49.
Scrotal hematomas following surgical castration in two dogs. (
...
Figure 14.50.
Transverse image of the right hemiscrotum in a 9‐year‐old dog
...
Figure 14.51.
Inguinal hernia in an 8‐year‐old male neutered Chihuahua.
...
Figure 14.52.
Normal canine penis.
Sagittal
(A)
and transverse
(B)
sonograph...
Figure 14.53.
Normal feline os penis.
Lateral radiographic projection
(A)
an...
Figure 14.54.
Urethral calculi (urate stones) in a 1‐year‐old Dalmatian.
...
Figure 14.55.
Healed fracture of the os penis and mural urethral lesion (ure
...
Figure 14.56.
Penile trauma in a 4‐year‐old Belgian Malinois.
Th...
Figure 14.57.
Penile/preputial tumors in two dogs. (A, B)
Soft tissue sarcom...
Figure 14.58.
Uterus masculinus in a 2.5‐month‐old Picard Shepherd dog.
...
Figure 14.59.
Perineal hernia in a 9‐year‐old mixed‐breed dog. (A)
...
Figure 14.60.
Neuticles in two dogs. (A)
The sagittal image of the scrotum i...
Figure 14.61.
Drainage of a prostatic abscess in a 3‐year‐old Border Collie.
...
Chapter 15
Figure 15.1.
Schematic illustration of abdominal lymph nodes.
Note the intim...
Figure 15.2.
Normal lymph nodes. (A–D)
Sonographic images of normal he...
Figure 15.3.
Cysterna chyli with variable location in a dog and two cats. (A
...
Figure 15.4.
Pure or modified transudates in cats. (A)
Minimal anechoic peri...
Figure 15.5.
Loculated fluid. (A)
Longitudinal image obtained in the right a...
Figure 15.6.
Echogenic peritoneal effusions in dogs and cats. (A)
Sonographi...
Figure 15.7.
Retroperitoneal effusion
.
(A–C)
In this 8‐year‐old Boxer ...
Figure 15.8.
Peritoneal hematomas. (A)
Longitudinal image of the mid‐ventral...
Figure 15.9.
Peritonitis and steatitis. (A) Feline infectious peritonitis (F
...
Figure 15.10.
Free air in the peritoneal space and mesentery in dogs with in
...
Figure 15.11.
Adhesions causing small intestinal obstruction. (A, B)
In this...
