Basic Math & Pre-Algebra E-Book

Mark Zegarelli

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2022

Seitenzahl: 355

Beschreibung

Practice makes perfect--gain math mastery with Dummies Basic Math & Pre-Algebra: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies gives you 1,001 opportunities to practice solving problems on all the major topics in middle-grade math and Pre-Algebra--in the book and online! Get extra practice with tricky subjects, solidify what you've already learned, and get in-depth walk-throughs for every problem with this useful book. These practice problems and detailed answer explanations will improve your mathemagic abilities, no matter what your skill level is now. Thanks to Dummies, you have a resource to help you put key concepts into practice. * Work through practice problems on all middle-grade and Pre-Algebra topics covered in class * Step through detailed solutions to build your understanding * Access practice questions online to study anywhere, any time * Improve your grade and up your study game with practice, practice, practice The material presented in Basic Math & Pre-Algebra: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies is an excellent resource for students, as well as parents and tutors looking to help supplement clasroom instruction. Basic Math & Pre-Algebra: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies (9781119883500) was previously published as 1,001 Basic Math & Pre-Algebra Practice Problems For Dummies (9781118446560). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product.

Leseprobe

Basic Math & Pre-Algebra: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies®

Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com

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Library of Congress Control Number: 2022934797

ISBN 978-1-119-88350-0 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-119-88351-7 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-119-88352-4 (ebk)

Basic Math & Pre-Algebra: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies®

To view this book's Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and search for “Basic Math & Pre-Algebra: 1001 Practice Problems For Dummies Cheat Sheet” in the Search box.

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Introduction

What You’ll Find

How This Workbook Is Organized

Beyond the Book

Where to Go from Here

Part 1: The Questions

Chapter 1: The Big Four Operations

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Rounding

Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing

Chapter 2: Less than Zero: Working with Negative Numbers

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Adding and Subtracting Negative Numbers

Multiplying and Dividing Negative Numbers

Working with Absolute Value

Chapter 3: You’ve Got the Power: Powers and Roots

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Multiplying a Number by Itself

Finding Square Roots

Negative and Fractional Exponents

Chapter 4: Following Orders: Order of Operations

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

The Big Four Operations

Operations with Exponents

Operations with Parentheses

Operations with Square Roots

Operations with Fractions

Operations with Absolute Values

Chapter 5: Big Four Word Problems

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Basic Word Problems

Intermediate Word Problems

Advanced Word Problems

Chapter 6: Divided We Stand

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Determining Divisibility

Working with Prime and Composite Numbers

Chapter 7: Factors and Multiples

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Identifying Factors

Finding Nondistinct Prime Factors

Figuring the Greatest Common Factor

Mastering Multiples

Looking for the Least Common Multiple

Chapter 8: Word Problems about Factors and Multiples

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Basic Word Problems

Intermediate Word Problems

Advanced Word Problems

Chapter 9: Fractions

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Identifying Fractions

Converting Numbers to Fractions

Converting Fractions to Mixed Numbers

Increasing Terms

Reducing Terms

Comparing Fractions

Multiplying and Dividing Fractions

Adding and Subtracting Fractions

Adding and Subtracting Fractions Using Cross-Multiplication

Adding and Subtracting Fractions by Increasing Terms

Adding and Subtracting Fractions by Finding a Common Denominator

Multiplying and Dividing Mixed Numbers

Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers

Simplifying Fractions

Chapter 10: Decimals

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Converting Fractions and Decimals

Adding and Subtracting Decimals

Multiplying and Dividing Decimals

Chapter 11: Percents

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Converting Decimals, Fractions, and Percents

Solving Percent Problems

Chapter 12: Ratios and Proportions

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Fractions and Ratios

Using Equations to Solve Ratios and Proportions

Chapter 13: Word Problems for Fractions, Decimals, and Percents

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Fraction Problems

Decimal Problems

Percent Problems

Chapter 14: Scientific Notation

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Converting Standard Notation and Scientific Notation

Multiplying Numbers in Scientific Notation

Chapter 15: Weights and Measures

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

English Measurements

Metric Units

Temperature Conversions

Converting English and Metric Units

Chapter 16: Geometry

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Angles

Squares

Rectangles

Parallelograms and Trapezoids

Area of Triangles

The Pythagorean Theorem

Circles

Volume

Chapter 17: Graphing

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Bar Graph

Pie Chart

Line Graph

Population Pictograph

Pie Chart

Trees Pictograph

Cartesian Graph

Chapter 18: Statistics and Probability

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Finding Means

Finding Weighted Means

Medians and Modes

Independent Events

Dependent Events

Probability

Chapter 19: Set Theory

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Performing Operations on Sets

Set Relationships

Complements

Venn Diagrams

Chapter 20: Algebraic Expressions

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Evaluating

Simplifying

Factoring

Simplifying by Factoring

Chapter 21: Solving Algebraic Equations

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Simple Equations

Isolating Variables

Solving Equations with Decimals

Solving Equations with Parentheses

Solving Equations with Fractions

Factoring

Chapter 22: Solving Algebra Word Problems

The Problems You’ll Work On

What to Watch Out For

Word Problems

Part 2: The Answers

Chapter 23: Answers

Index

About the Author

Advertisement Page

Connect with Dummies

End User License Agreement

Guide

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

Index

About the Author

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Introduction

Are you kidding … 1,001 math problems, really?

That’s right, a thousand questions plus one to grow on, here in your hot little hands. I’ve arranged them in order, starting with beginning arithmetic and ending with basic algebra. Topics include everything from the Big Four operations (adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing), through negative numbers and fractions, on to geometry and probability, and finally algebra — plus lots more!

Every chapter provides tips for solving the problems in that chapter. And, of course, the back of the book includes detailed explanations of the answers to every question. It’s all here, so get to work!

What You’ll Find

This book includes 1,001 basic math and pre-algebra problems, divided into 22 chapters. Each chapter contains problems focusing on a single math topic, such as negative numbers, fractions, or geometry. Within each chapter, topics are broken into subtopics so that you can work on a specific type of math skill until you feel confident with it. Generally speaking, each section starts with easy problems, moves on to medium ones, and then finishes with hard problems.

You can jump right in anywhere you like and solve these problems in any order. You can also take on one chapter or section at a time, working from easy to medium to hard problems. Or, if you like, you can begin with Question 1 and move right through to Question 1,001.

Additionally, each chapter begins with a list of tips for answering the questions in that chapter. Every question in Part 1 is answered in Part 2, with a full explanation that walks you through how to understand, set up, and solve the problem.

How This Workbook Is Organized

This workbook includes 1,001 questions in Part 1, and answers to all of these questions in Part 2.

Part 1: Questions

Here are the topics covered by the 1,001 questions in this book:

Basic arithmetic:

In

Chapters 1

through

5

, you find dozens of basic arithmetic problems.

Chapter 1

begins with rounding numbers and then moves on to basic calculating with addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Then, in

Chapter 2

, you tackle negative numbers, and in

Chapter 3

, you move on to working with powers and square roots.

Chapter 4

gives you plenty of practice in solving arithmetic problems using the order of operations. You may remember this using the mnemonic PEMDAS —

P

arentheses,

E

xponents,

M

ultiplication and

D

ivision,

A

ddition and

S

ubtraction. Finally, in

Chapter 5

, you put all of this information together to answer arithmetic word problems, from easy to challenging.

Divisibility, factors, and multiples:

Chapters 6

,

7

, and

8

cover a set of topics related to divisibility. In

Chapter 6

, you discover a variety of divisibility tricks, which allow you to find out whether a number is divisible by another number without actually doing the division. You also work on division with remainders and discover the distinction between prime and composite numbers.

Chapter 7

focuses on factors and multiples. You discover how to generate all the factors and prime factors of a number and calculate the greatest common factor (GCF) for a set of two or more numbers.

Chapter 8

wraps up the section with word problems that sharpen and extend your skills at working with factors, multiples, remainders, and prime numbers.

Fractions, decimals, percents, and ratios:Chapters 9 through 13 focus on four distinct ways to represent parts of a whole — fractions, decimals, percents, and ratios. In Chapter 9, you work with fractions, including increasing the terms of fractions and reducing them to lowest terms. You change improper fractions to mixed numbers, and vice versa. You add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions, including mixed numbers. You also simplify complex fractions.

In Chapter 10, you convert fractions to decimals, and vice versa. You add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals, and you also find out how to work with repeating decimals. Chapter 11 focuses on percents. You convert fractions and multiples to percents, and vice versa. You discover a few tricks for calculating simple percents. You also work on more difficult percent problems by creating word equations, which can then be translated into equations and solved.

Chapter 12 presents a variety of problems, including word problems, that use ratios and proportions. And in Chapter 13, you tackle even more word problems where you apply your skills working with fractions, decimals, and percents.

Scientific notation, weights and measures, geometry, graphs, statistics and probability, and sets:

In

Chapters 14

through

19

, you take a great stride forward as you begin working with a wide variety of intermediate math skills. In

Chapter 14

, the topic is scientific notation, which is used to represent very large and very small numbers.

Chapter 15

introduces you to weights and measures, focusing on the English and metric systems, and conversions between the two systems.

Chapter 16

gives you a huge number of geometry problems of every description, including both plane and solid geometry. In

Chapter 17

, you work with a variety of graphs, including bar graphs, pie charts, line graphs, pictographs, and the

xy

-graph that is used so much in algebra and later math.

Chapter 18

gives you an introduction to basic statistics, including the mean, median, and mode. It also provides problems in probability and gives you an introduction to counting both independent and dependent events.

Chapter 19

gives you some problems in basic set theory, including finding the union, intersection, relative complement, and complement. You also use Venn diagrams to solve word problems.

Algebraic expressions and equations:

To finish up,

Chapters 20

,

21

, and

22

give you a taste of the work you’ll be doing in your first algebra class.

Chapter 20

shows you the basics of working with algebraic expressions, including evaluating, simplifying, and factoring. In

Chapter 21

, you solve basic algebraic equations. And in

Chapter 22

, you put these skills to use, solving a set of word problems with basic algebra.

Part 2: Answers

In this part, you find answers to all 1,001 questions that appear in Part 1. Each answer contains a complete step-by-step explanation of how to solve the problem from beginning to end.

Beyond the Book

In addition to what you’re reading right now, this book comes with a free, access-anywhere Cheat Sheet that includes tips and other goodies you may want to have at your fingertips. To get this Cheat Sheet, simply go to www.dummies.com and type Basic Math & Pre-Algebra 1001 Dummies Cheat Sheet into the Search box.

The online practice that comes free with this book offers you the same 1,001 questions and answers that are available here, presented in a multiple-choice format. The beauty of the online problems is that you can customize your online practice to focus on the topic areas that give you trouble. If you’re short on time and want to maximize your study, you can specify the quantity of problems you want to practice, pick your topics, and go. You can practice a few hundred problems in one sitting or just a couple dozen, and you can focus on a few types of problems or a mix of several types. Regardless of the combination you create, the online program keeps track of the questions you get right and wrong so you can monitor your progress and spend time studying exactly what you need to.

To gain access to the online practice, you simply have to register. Just follow these steps:

Register your book or ebook at Dummies.com to get your PIN. Go to

www.dummies.com/go/getaccess

Select your product from the drop-down list on that page.

Follow the prompts to validate your product, and then check your email for a confirmation message that includes your PIN and instructions for logging in.

If you don’t receive this email within two hours, please check your spam folder before contacting us through our Technical Support website at http://support.wiley.com or by phone at 877-762-2974.

Now you’re ready to go! You can come back to the practice material as often as you want — simply log in with the username and password you created during your initial login. No need to enter the access code a second time.

Your registration is good for one year from the day you activate your PIN.

Where to Go from Here

Every chapter in this book opens with tips for solving the problems in that chapter. And, of course, if you get stuck on any question, you can flip to the answer section and try to work through the solution provided. However, if you feel that you need a bit more basic math information than this book provides, I highly recommend my earlier book Basic Math & Pre-Algebra For Dummies. This book gives you a ton of useful information for solving every type of problem included here.

Additionally, you can also check out my Basic Math & Pre-Algebra Workbook For Dummies. It contains a nice mix of short explanations for how to do various types of problems, followed by practice. And, for a quick take on the most important basic math concepts, have a look at Basic Math & Pre-Algebra Essentials For Dummies. Yep, I wrote that one, too — how’s that for shameless plugs?

Part 1

The Questions

IN THIS PART …

One thousand and one math problems. That’s one problem for every night in the Arabian Nights stories. That’s almost ten problems for every floor in the Empire State Building. In short, that’s a lot of problems — plenty of practice to help you attain the math skills you need to do well in your current math class. Here’s an overview of the types of questions provided:

Basic arithmetic, including absolute value, negative numbers, powers, and square roots (

Chapters 1

–

5

)

Divisibility, factors, and multiples (

Chapters 6

–

8

)

Fractions, decimals, percents, and ratios (

Chapters 9

–

13

)

Scientific notation, measures, geometry, graphs, statistics, probability, and sets (

Chapters 14

–

19

)

Algebraic expressions and equations (

Chapters 20

–

22

)

Chapter 1

The Big Four Operations

The Big Four operations (adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing) are the basis for all of arithmetic. In this chapter, you get plenty of practice working with these important operations.

The Problems You’ll Work On

Here are the types of problems you find in this chapter:

Rounding numbers to the nearest ten, hundred, thousand, or million

Adding columns of figures, including addition with carrying

Subtracting one number from another, including subtraction with borrowing

Multiplying one number by another

Division, including division with a remainder

What to Watch Out For

Here’s a quick tip for rounding numbers to help you in this chapter: When rounding a number, check the number to the right of the place you’re rounding to. If that number is from 0 to 4, round down by changing that number to 0. If that number is from 5 to 9, round up by changing that number to 0 and adding 1 to the number to its left.

For example, to round 7,654 to the nearest hundred, check the number to the right of the hundreds place. That number is 5, so change it to 0 and add 1 to the 6 that’s to the left of it. Thus, 7,654 becomes 7,700.

Rounding

1–6

1. Round the number 136 to the nearest ten.

2. Round the number 224 to the nearest ten.

3. Round the number 2,492 to the nearest hundred.

4. Round the number 909,090 to the nearest hundred.

5. Round the number 9,099 to the nearest thousand.

6. Round the number 234,567,890 to the nearest million.

Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing

7–30

7. Add

8. Add

9. Add

10. Add

11. Add

12. Add

13. Subtract

14. Subtract

15. Subtract

16. Subtract

17. Subtract

18. Subtract

19. Multiply

20. Multiply

21. Multiply

Chapter 2

Less than Zero: Working with Negative Numbers

Negative numbers can be a cause of negativity for some students. The rules for working with negative numbers can be a little tricky. In this chapter, you practice applying the Big Four operations to negative numbers. You also strengthen your skills evaluating absolute value.

The Problems You’ll Work On

This chapter shows you how to work with the following types of problems:

Subtracting a smaller number minus a larger number

Adding and subtracting with negative numbers

Multiplying and dividing with negative numbers

Evaluating absolute value

What to Watch Out For

Here are a few things to keep an eye out for when you’re working with negative numbers:

To subtract a smaller number minus a larger number, reverse and negate:

Reverse

by subtracting the larger number minus the smaller one, and then

negate

by attaching a minus sign (−) in front of the result. For example,

.

To subtract a negative number minus a positive number, add and negate:

Add

the two numbers as if they were positive, then

negate

by attaching a minus sign in front of the result. For example,

.

To add a positive number and a negative number (in either order), subtract the larger number minus the smaller number; then attach the same sign to the result as the number that is farther from 0. For example,

and

Adding and Subtracting Negative Numbers

31–41

31. Evaluate each of the following.

32. Evaluate each of the following.

33. Evaluate each of the following.

34. Evaluate each of the following.

35. Evaluate each of the following.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

Multiplying and Dividing Negative Numbers

42–53

42. Evaluate each of the following.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

Chapter 3

You’ve Got the Power: Powers and Roots

Powers provide a shorthand notation for multiplication using a base number and an exponent. Roots — also called radicals — reverse the process of powers. In this chapter, you practice taking powers and roots of positive integers as well as fractions and negative integers.

The Problems You’ll Work On

This chapter deals with the following types of problems:

Using powers to multiply a number by itself

Applying exponents to negative numbers and fractions

Understanding square roots

Knowing how to evaluate negative exponents and fractional exponents

What to Watch Out For

Following are some tips for working with powers and roots:

When you find the power of a number, multiply the base by itself as many times as indicated by the exponent. For example,

.

When the base is a negative number, use the standard rules of multiplication for negative numbers (see

Chapter 2

). For example,

.

When the base is a fraction, use the standard rules of multiplication for fractions (see

Chapter 9

). For example,

.

To find the square root of a square number, find the number that, when multiplied by itself, results in the number you started with. For example,

, because

.

To simplify the square root of a number that’s not a square number, if possible, factor out a square number and then evaluate it. For example,

.

Evaluate an exponent of

as the square root of the base. For example,

.

Evaluate an exponent of –1 as the reciprocal of the base. For example,

.

To evaluate an exponent of a negative number, make the exponent positive and evaluate its reciprocal. For example,

.

Multiplying a Number by Itself

58–72

58. Evaluate each of the following.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65. Evaluate each of the following.

66.

67.

68.

69. Evaluate each of the following.

70.

71.

72.

Finding Square Roots

73–79

73. Simplify each of the following as a whole number by finding the square root.

74. Simplify each of the following as a whole number by finding the square root and then multiplying.

75.

76.

77.

78.

79.

Negative and Fractional Exponents

80–90

80. Express each of the following as a square root and then simplify as a positive whole number.

81.

82.

83.

84.

85. Simplify each of the following as a fraction.

86.

87.

Chapter 4

Following Orders: Order of Operations

The order of operations (also called the order of precedence) provides a clear way to evaluate complex expressions so you always get the right answer. The mnemonic PEMDAS helps you to remember to evaluate parentheses first; then move on to exponents; then multiplication and division; and finally addition and subtraction.

The Problems You’ll Work On

This chapter includes these types of problems:

Evaluating expressions that contain the Big Four operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division)

Evaluating expressions that include exponents

Evaluating expressions that include parentheses, including nested parentheses

Evaluating expressions that include parenthetical expressions, such as square roots and absolute value

Evaluating expressions that include fractions with expressions in the numerator and/or denominator

What to Watch Out For

Keep the following tips in mind as you work with the problems in this chapter:

When an expression has only addition and subtraction, evaluate it from left to right. For example,

.

When an expression has only multiplication and division, evaluate it from left to right. For example,

.

When an expression has any combination of the Big Four operations, first evaluate all multiplication and division from left to right; then evaluate addition and subtraction from left to right. For example,

.

When an expression includes powers, evaluate them

first

, and

then

evaluate Big Four operations. For example,

.

The Big Four Operations

91–102

91.

92.

93.

94.

95.

96.

97.

98.

99.

100.

101.

102.

Operations with Exponents

103–112

103.

104.

105.

106.

107.

108.

109.

110.

111.

112.

Operations with Parentheses

113–124

113.

114.

115.

116.

117.

118.

119.

120.

121.

122.

Chapter 5

Big Four Word Problems

Word problems provide an opportunity for you to apply your math skills to real-world situations. In this chapter, all the problems can be solved using the Big Four operations (adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing).

The Problems You’ll Work On

The problems in this chapter fall into three basic categories, based on their difficulty:

Basic word problems where you need to perform a single operation

Intermediate word problems where you need to use two different operations

Tricky word problems that require several different operations and more difficult calculations

What to Watch Out For

Here are a few tips for getting the right answer to word problems:

Read each problem carefully to make sure you understand what it’s asking.

Use scratch paper to gather and organize information from the problem.

Think about which Big Four operation (adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing) will be most helpful for solving the problem.

Perform calculations carefully to avoid mistakes.

Ask yourself whether the answer you got makes sense.

Check your work to make sure you’re right.

Basic Word Problems

145–154

145. A horror movie triple-feature included Zombies Are Forever, which was 80 minutes long, An American Werewolf in Bermuda, which ran for 95 minutes, and Late Night Snack of the Vampire, which was 115 minutes from start to finish. What was the total length of the three movies?

146. At a height of 2,717 feet, the tallest building in the world is the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. It’s 1,263 feet taller than the Empire State Building in New York City. What is the height of the Empire State Building?

147. Janey’s six children are making colored eggs for Easter. She bought a total of five dozen eggs for all of the children to use. Assuming each child gets the same number of eggs, how many eggs does each child receive?

148. Arturo worked a 40-hour week at $12 per hour. He then received a raise of $1 per hour and worked a 30-hour week. How much more money did he receive for the first week of work than the second?

149. A restaurant has 5 tables that seat 8 people each, 16 tables with room for 6 people each, and 11 tables with room for 4 people each. What is the total capacity of all the tables at the restaurant?

150. The word pint originally comes from the word pound because a pint of water weighs 1 pound. If a gallon contains 8 pints, how many pounds does 40 gallons of water weigh?

151. Antonia purchased a sweater normally priced at $86, including tax. When she brought it to the cash register, she found that it was selling for half off. Additionally, she used a $20 gift card to help pay for the purchase. How much money did she have to spend to buy the sweater?

152. A large notebook costs $1.50 more than a small notebook. Karan bought two large notebooks and four small notebooks, while Almonte bought five large notebooks and one small notebook. How much more did Almonte spend than Karan?

153. A company invests $7,000,000 in the development of a product. Once the product is on the market, each sale returns $35 on the investment. If the product sells at a steady rate of 25,000 per month, how long will it take for the company to break even on its initial investment?

154. Jessica wants to buy 40 pens. A pack of 8 pens costs $7, but a pack of 10 pens costs $8. How much does she save by buying packs of 10 pens instead of packs of 8 pens?

Intermediate Word Problems

155–171

155. Jim bought four boxes of cereal on sale. One box weighed 10 ounces and the remaining boxes weighed 16 ounces each. How many ounces of cereal did he buy altogether?

156. Mina took a long walk on the beach each day of her eight-day vacation. On half of the days, she walked 3 miles and on the other half she walked 5 miles. How many miles did she walk altogether?

157. A three-day bike-a-thon requires riders to travel 100 miles on the first day and 20 miles fewer on the second day. If the total trip is 250 miles, how many miles do they travel on the third day?

158. If six T-shirts sell for $42, what is the cost of nine T-shirts at the same rate?

159. Kenny did 25 pushups. His older brother, Sal, did twice as many pushups as Kenny. Then, their oldest sister, Natalie, did 10 more pushups than Sal. How many pushups did the three children do altogether?

160. A candy bar usually sells at two for 90 cents. This week, it is specially packaged at three for $1.05. How much can you save on a single candy bar by buying a package of three rather than two?

161. Simon noticed a pair of square numbers that add up to 130. He then noticed that when you subtract one of these square numbers from the other, the result is 32. What is the smaller of these two square numbers?

162. If Donna took 20 minutes to read 60 pages of a 288-page graphic novel, how long did she take to read the whole novel, assuming that she read it all at the same rate?

163. Kendra sold 50 boxes of cookies in 20 days. Her older sister, Alicia, sold twice as many boxes in half as many days. If the two girls continued at the same sales rates, how many total boxes would both girls have sold if they had both sold cookies for 40 days?

164. A group of 70 third graders has exactly three girls for every four boys. When the teacher asks the children to pair up for an exercise, six boy-girl pairs are formed, and the rest of the children pair up with another child of the same sex. How many more boy-boy pairs are there than girl-girl pairs?

165. Together, a book and a newspaper cost $11.00. The book costs $10.00 more than the newspaper. How many newspapers could you buy for the same price as the book?

166. Yianni just purchased a house priced at $385,000 with a mortgage from the bank. His monthly mortgage payment to cover the principal and interest will be $1,800 per month for 30 years. When he has finished paying off the house, how much over and above the cost of the house will Yianni have paid in interest?

167. The distance from New York to San Diego is approximately 2,700 miles. Because of prevailing winds, when flying east-to-west, the flight usually takes one hour longer than when flying west-to-east. If a plane from San Diego to New York travels at a forward speed of 540 miles per hour, what is the forward speed of a plane traveling from New York to San Diego under the same conditions?

168. Arlo went to an all-night poker game hosted by friends. By 11:00, he was down $65 from where he had started. Between 11:00 and 2:00, he won $120. Then, in the next three hours, he lost another $45. In the final hour of the game, he won $30. How much did Arlo win or lose during the game?

169. Clarissa bought a diamond for $1,000 and then sold it to Andre for $1,100. A month later, Andre needed money, so he sold the diamond back to Clarissa for $900. But a few months later, he had a windfall and bought the diamond back from Clarissa for $1,200. How much profit did Clarissa make as a result of the total transactions?

170. Angela and Basil both work at a cafeteria making sandwiches. At top speed, Angela can make four sandwiches in three minutes and Basil can make three sandwiches in four minutes. Working together, how long will they take to make 200 sandwiches?

171. All 16 children in Ms. Morrow’s preschool have either two or three siblings. Altogether, the children have a total of 41 siblings. How many of the children have three siblings?

Advanced Word Problems

172–180

172. What is the sum of all the numbers from 1 to 100?

173. Louise works in retail and has a $1,200-per-day sales quota. On Monday, she exceeded this quota by $450. On Tuesday, she exceeded it by $650. On Wednesday and Thursday, she made her quota exactly. Friday was a slow day, so Louise sold $250 less than her quota. What were her total sales for the five days?

174. A sign posted over a large swimming pool reminds swimmers that 40 lengths of the pool equals 1 mile. Jordy swam 1 length of the pool at a rate of 3 miles per hour. How long did he take to swim 1 length of the pool?

175. In a group of two people, only one pair can shake hands. But in a group of three people, three different pairings of people can shake hands. How many different pairings of people can shake hands in a group of ten people?

176.