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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
BIOCHAR APPLICATIONS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Comprehensive guide to biochar technology as a novel, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly solution for the treatment of wastewater
Biochar Applications for Wastewater Treatment summarizes recent research development on biochar production and emerging applications with a focus on the value-added utilization of biochar technology in wastewater treatment, succinctly summarizing different technologies for biochar production and characterization with an emphasis on feedstock selection and pre-/post- treatment. The text discusses the mechanisms of biochar’s various roles in different functions of wastewater treatment and includes the latest research advances in manufacturing optimization and improvements to update the carbonaceous materials with desirable environmental functionalities.
Discussion and case studies are incorporated in treating municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater, and stormwater to illustrate and emphasize the promising prospects of biochar technology in the treatment of various wastewater in actual utilization. Perspectives and future research directions of the emerging biochar technology in wastewater treatment are presented to provide insights for the readers and researchers in biochar application in wastewater treatment.
Sample topics covered in Biochar Applications for Wastewater Treatment include:
- Different technologies for biochar production and characterization
- Adsorption, biofiltration, anaerobic degradation, sludge dewatering and composting, nutrient recovery, advanced oxidation process, and odor control
- Removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and emerging contaminants
- Fate and transport in the environment, and life cycle assessment
Biochar Applications for Wastewater Treatment is an essential resource for professionals in environmental engineering/sciences, water and waste management, and sustainable environmental development looking for a comprehensive overview of the subject. The text is also valuable for academics interested in wastewater treatment technologies using biochar as a carbon-negative alternative to conventional materials.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023
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Biochar Applications for Wastewater Treatment
Edited By
Daniel C.W. Tsang State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, China
Yuqing Sun School of Agriculture at Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
This edition first published 2023
© 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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The right of Daniel C.W. Tsang and Yuqing Sun to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Tsang, Daniel C. W., Editor. | Yuqing Sun, Editor. | John Wiley & Sons, publisher.
Title: Biochar applications for wastewater treatment / Daniel C. W. Tsang and Yuqing Sun.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : JW Wiley, 2023. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2023021267 (print) | LCCN 2023021268 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119764373 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119764380 (pdf) | ISBN 9781119764397 (epub) | ISBN 9781119764403 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Biochar. | Sewage--Purification--Adsorption.
Classification: LCC TD753.5 .T73 2023 (print) | LCC TD753.5 (ebook) | DDC 631.8/6--dc23/eng/20230517
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023021267
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023021268
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © roccomontoya/Getty Images
Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India
Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Editors Biography
List of Contributors
Preface
1 Engineered Biochar
1.1 Overview of Biochar Production
1.2 Biochar Properties and Characterization
1.3 Pre- and Post-Modification of Biochar
1.3.1 Physical Modification
1.3.2 Chemical Modification
1.3.3 Biochar Composites
1.4 Sustainability Considerations
2 Adsorption of Nutrients
2.1 Nutrients in Wastewater
2.2 Biochar Performance in Nutrients Removal from Wastewater
2.2.1 Removal of Ammonium Using Modified and Pristine Biochars
2.2.2 Removal of Nitrate Using Pristine and Modified Biochars
2.2.3 Removal of Phosphate Using Pristine and Modified Biochars
2.3 Biochar Mechanisms of Nutrients Removal from Wastewater
2.3.1 Specific Surface Area
2.3.2 Ion Exchange
2.3.3 Surface Functional Groups
2.3.4 Precipitation
2.4 Factors Influencing Biochar Performance in Nutrients Removal
2.4.1 Pyrolysis Temperature
2.4.2 Metallic Oxides on Biochar
2.4.3 Solution pH
2.4.4 Contact Time
2.4.5 Ambient Temperature
2.4.6 Coexisting Ions
2.5 Nutrients Desorption from Biochar
2.5.1 Ammonium Desorption
2.5.2 Nitrate Desorption
2.5.3 Phosphorous Desorption
2.6 Nutrient-loaded Biochar as Potential Nutrient Suppliers
3 Adsorption of Metals/Metalloids
3.1 Metals/Metalloids in Wastewater
3.2 Mechanisms of Biochar for Adsorption of Metals/Metalloids
3.2.1 Physical Adsorption
3.2.2 Electrostatic Interaction
3.2.3 Ion Exchange
3.2.4 Surface Complexation
3.2.5 Precipitation
3.2.6 Reduction
3.3 Modified Biochar for Adsorption of Metals/Metalloids
3.3.1 Biochar/Layered Double Hydroxide Composites
3.3.2 Magnetic Biochar Composites
3.3.3 Biochar-Supported nZVI Composites
3.3.4 Comparison of Different Modification Methods for Metals/Metalloids
3.4 Biochar Recycling after Adsorption of Metals/Metalloids
4 Adsorption of PPCPs
4.1 PPCPs in Wastewater
4.2 Biochar Mechanisms for PPCPs Adsorption
4.2.1 π-π Interaction
4.2.2 Hydrogen Bonding
4.2.3 Electrostatic Interaction
4.2.4 Other Mechanisms
4.3 Factors Affecting PPCPs Adsorption by Biochar
4.3.1 Pyrolysis Temperature
4.3.2 Biochar Surface Modification
4.3.3 Properties of PPCPs
4.3.4 Environmental pH
4.3.5 Wastewater Composition
5 Stormwater Biofiltration Media
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Common Pollutants in Stormwater
5.3 Biochar for Biofiltration Media
5.3.1 Production of Biochar
5.3.2 Physicochemical Properties of Biochar
5.4 Removal of Pollutants in Biochar-Based Biofiltration Systems
5.4.1 Metals/Metalloids
5.4.2 Nutrient
5.4.3 Organic Chemicals
5.5 Microplastic in Urban Runoff
5.6 Challenge and Perspective
5.7 Conclusion
6 Biochar Solution for Anaerobic Digestion
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Application of BC as an Additive in Anaerobic Digestion
6.2.1 pH Buffering
6.2.2 Adsorption of Inhibitors
6.2.3 Effects on Microbial Growth and Activities
6.3 Effects of BC on Digestate Quality
6.4 Conclusions and Perspectives
7 Biochar-Assisted Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation
7.1 Overview of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation
7.1.1 Introduction
7.1.2 Constraints
7.2 Roles of Biochar in Promoting Anammox
7.2.1 pH and Inhibitor Buffer
7.2.2 Electron Transfer Promotion
7.2.3 Microbial Immobilization
7.3 Future Perspectives
8 Application of Biochar for Sludge Dewatering
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Preparation of Biochar-Based Sludge Conditioner
8.3 Efficacy of Biochar Conditioning on Enhanced Sludge Dewaterability
8.4 Variations of Sludge Physicochemical Characteristics via Biochar Conditioning
8.5 Technical Mechanism and Implementation Prospects
9 Effects of Biochar on Sludge Composting
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Effects of Biochar Addition on Sludge Composting
9.2.1 Effects on Compost Parameters Effect on C/N
9.2.2 Effects on Heavy Metals
9.2.3 Effects on Organic Matters
9.2.4 Effects on Gaseous Emissions
9.2.5 Effects on Microbial Community and Activities
9.2.6 Effects on Quality of Sludge Compost
9.3 Future Perspectives
9.4 Summary
10 Sludge Utilization as Biochar for Nutrient Recovery
10.1 Sewage Sludge (SS) Management
10.2 Importance of Sludge as a Feedstock for Biochar
10.3 Factors Affecting the Properties of SDBC
10.3.1 Raw Material
10.3.2 Temperature
10.3.3 Heating Rates
10.3.4 Retention Time
10.4 Nutrients in SDBC
10.4.1 Nitrogen (N)
10.4.2 Phosphorus (P)
10.4.3 Potassium (K)
10.5 SDBC for Soil Amendment and Nutrient Utilization
10.6 Current Challenges for SDBC
10.7 Conclusions
11 Biochar for Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Different Electrochemical Behavior of Biochar
11.2.1 Electron Exchange
11.2.2 Electron Donor or Acceptor
11.2.3 Electrosorption Capacity
11.3 Preparation of Biochar Electrode Materials
11.3.1 Carbonization
11.3.2 Activation
11.3.3 Template
11.3.4 Composite Materials
11.4 Application in Electrochemical Wastewater Treatment
11.4.1 Electrochemical Oxidation
11.4.2 Electrochemical Deposition
11.4.3 Electro-adsorption
11.4.4 Electrochemical Disinfection
11.5 Future Perspectives
11.6 Summary
12 Peroxide-Based Biochar-Assisted Advanced Oxidation
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Biochar-Based Catalysts
12.2.1 Pristine Biochar
12.2.2 Redox Metal-Loaded Biochar
12.2.3 Heteroatom-Doped Biochar
12.3 Peroxide-Based Advanced Oxidation
12.3.1 Fenton-Like System
12.3.2 Persulfate Activation System
12.3.3 Photocatalytic System
12.4 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
13 Persulfate-Based Biochar-Assisted Advanced Oxidation
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Activation Pathway and Reaction Mechanism of Persulfate by Biochar
13.2.1 Distinction between Different Pathways
13.2.2 Properties Necessitating the Generation of Radicals with PS
13.2.3 Nonradical Degradation with Biochar
13.2.4 Modifying Biochar for Enhanced Properties Related to the Degradation Process
13.3 Metal-Biochar Composites in Persulfate Activation System
13.3.1 Iron-Biochar
13.3.2 Copper-biochar
13.3.3 Cobalt Biochar
13.3.4 Biochar of Other Metal and Mixed Metal
13.4 Heteroatom-Doped Biochar for PS Activation
13.4.1 Nitrogen-doped Biochar
13.4.2 Sulfur-Doped Biochar
13.5 Conclusion and Perspectives
14 Biochar-Enhanced Ozonation for Sewage Treatment
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Preparation of Biochar-Based Catalyst for Ozonation
14.3 Efficacy of Biochar-Catalytic Ozonation on Sewage Treatment
14.4 Effects of Process Conditions on Biochar-Enhanced Ozonation Sewage Treatment
14.5 Technical Mechanism and Implementation Prospects
15 Biochar-Supported Odor Control
15.1 Causes and Treatment of Odor
15.2 Odor Pollutants
15.3 Properties of Biochar for the Removal of Odor Pollutants
15.3.1 Surface Area and Total Pore Volume
15.3.2 Pore Size Distribution
15.3.3 Chemical Functional Group
15.3.4 Noncarbonized Organic Matter
15.3.5 Mineral constituents
15.4 Application of Biochar in Odor Control
15.4.1 Biochar as Adsorbent
15.4.2 Biochar as Additives
15.5 Conclusion and Perspective
16 Fate, Transport, and Impact of Biochar in the Environment
16.1 Transport Mechanism of Biochar in the Environment
16.2 Stability of Biochar
16.2.1 Physical Degradation of Biochar
16.2.2 Chemical Decomposition of Biochar
16.2.3 Microbial Decomposition of Biochar
16.3 Contaminants in Biochar and the Environmental Impact
16.3.1 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)
16.3.2 Heavy Metals (HMs)
16.3.3 Persistent Free Radicals (PFRs)
16.3.4 Dioxins
16.3.5 Metal Cyanide (MCN)
16.3.6 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)
17 Environmental and Economic Evaluation of Biochar Application in Wastewater and Sludge Treatment
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Environmental Evaluation
17.2.1 LCA Insights into Biochar Production and Applications
17.2.2 Main LCA Literature Studies of Biochar Applications in Wastewater and Sludge Treatments
17.3 Technical, Economic, and Sustainability Considerations
17.4 Future Trends
17.5 Conclusions
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
CHAPTER 01
Table 1.1 The 13C NMR...
CHAPTER 05
Table 5.1 Summary statistics of...
Table 5.2 Summary of statistics...
Table 5.3 Removal of metals...
Table 5.4 Removal of nutrients...
Table 5.5 Removal of organic...
CHAPTER 06
Table 6.1 A summary of...
CHAPTER 07
Table 7.1 Application of biochar...
CHAPTER 09
Table 9.1 Summary of the...
CHAPTER 10
Table 10.1 Process parameters for...
CHAPTER 15
Table 15.1 Odor profiles and...
Table 15.2 Odor emission standards...
Table 15.3 Adsorption of different...
Table 15.4 Biochar for composting...
CHAPTER 17
Table 17.1 Operating parameters and...
Table 17.2 Main literature studies...
List of Illustrations
CHAPTER 05
Figure 5.1 Biofiltration system using...
CHAPTER 06
Figure 6.1 With the permission...
Figure 6.2 With the permission...
Figure 6.3 With the permission...
CHAPTER 07
Figure 7.1 Nitrogen circulation with...
Figure 7.2 Roles of biochar...
Figure 7.3 The proposed effects...
CHAPTER 08
Figure 8.1 Scanning electron microscopes...
Figure 8.2 N2 adsorption isotherm...
Figure 8.3 The various morphological...
Figure 8.4 Various microstructures of...
Figure 8.5 Schematic diagram of...
Figure 8.6 Variations of the...
Figure 8.7 The valence transformation...
Figure 8.8 The proposed multiple...
Figure 8.9 The closed-loop...
CHAPTER 10
Figure 10.1 Properties of SDBC...
Figure 10.2 The impact of...
CHAPTER 11
Figure 11.1 The potential electron...
Figure 11.2 Architectures of capacitive...
CHAPTER 12
Figure 12.1 Peroxide-based biochar...
Figure 12.2 The physicochemical properties...
Figure 12.3 N vacancy for...
Figure 12.4 The reaction mechanism...
Figure 12.5 The reaction mechanism...
Figure 12.6 Reaction pathways induced...
Figure 12.7 Primary reactions and...
Figure 12.8 Possible mechanism in...
CHAPTER 13
Figure 13.1 (a) Diagram of...
CHAPTER 14
Figure 14.1 SEM images of...
Figure 14.2 (a) The calculated...
Figure 14.3 The main mechanism...
Figure 14.4 SEM images of...
CHAPTER 16
Figure 16.1 The transport mechanism...
Figure 16.2 Fate of PAHs...
Figure 16.3 Formation mechanism of...
CHAPTER 17
Figure 17.1 The number of...
Figure 17.2 System boundaries (T...
Figure 17.3 Overview of the...
Guide
Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Editors Biography
List of Contributors
Preface
Begin Reading
Index
End User License Agreement
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Editors Biography
Daniel C.W. Tsang is Pao Yue-Kong Chair Professor in State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization at Zhejiang University. Dan strives to develop low-carbon engineering solutions to ensure sustainable urban development and attain carbon neutrality. Dan has published over 500+ articles in top 10% journal (h-index 107, Scopus), and serves as associate editor of Science of the Total Environment, Journal of Environmental Management, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, and more. Dan was selected as Highly Cited Researchers 2022 in the academic fields of engineering as well as environment and ecology.
Yuqing Sun is an assistant professor at the School of Agriculture at Sun Yat-Sen University. Her research covers the customized design and application of engineered biochar in green and sustainable wastewater treatment. Dr. Sun has published 50+ publications in top 10% journals, including 16 Highly Cited Papers (Web of Science) with 4,600+ citations and h-index of 38 (Scopus). Dr. Sun serves as young editorial board member of Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. Dr. Sun was selected as Highly Cited Researchers 2022 in the academic field of cross field.
List of Contributors
Yang CaoDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai, China
Jingyi GaoEIT Institute for Advanced Study Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
Dongdong GeSchool of Environmental Science & Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
Sabino de GisiDepartment of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh) Polytechnic University of Bari Bari, Italy
Mingjing HeDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong, China
Claudia LabiancaDepartment of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh) Polytechnic University of Bari Bari, Italy
Dong LiTeleader Solid Waste Disposal (Shandong) Co., Ltd. Jinan, China
Michele NotarnicolaDepartment of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh) Polytechnic University of Bari Bari, Italy
Deng PanEIT Institute for Advanced Study Ningbo, China
Yuqing SunSchool of Agriculture, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou Guangdong, China
Yanfei TangCollege of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai, China
Wenjing TianInstitute of Environment and Ecology Chongqing University Chongqing, China
Daniel C.W. TsangState Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University China
Zibo XuDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
Qiaozhi ZhangDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, China
Mengdi ZhaoEIT Institute for Advanced Study Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
Yang ZhengSchool of Materials Science and Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao, China
Nanwen ZhuSchool of Environmental Science & Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
Xiaohong ZhuDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
Preface
The widely recognized terminology of biochar was first introduced in 2006, and has become increasingly important as a green and carbon-negative solution to some global problems, such as climate change and environmental pollution. The potential capacity of biochar as an effective, low-cost, and environment-friendly adsorbent and catalyst to remove various pollutants, which is related to its relatively large surface area and abundant surface functional groups, was quickly unveiled afterward. Seventeen years on, numerous scientists have worked on biochar technology, and it is proven that biochar with a science-informed and fit-for-purpose design can serve a promising agent for wastewater treatment. The booming biochar market in current years renders biochar a ready-to-implement technology for smart and sustainable wastewater treatment.
In this book we summarize recent research development on biochar production and emerging applications with a focus on the value-added utilization of biochar technology in wastewater treatment, succinctly summarizing different technologies for biochar production and characterization with an emphasis on feedstock selection and pre/post-treatment. The text discusses the mechanisms of biochar’s various roles in different functions of wastewater treatment (i.e., adsorption, biofiltration, anaerobic degradation, sludge dewatering, sludge composting, nutrient recovery, advanced oxidation process, odor control, removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, removal of emerging contaminants, fate and transport in the environment, and life cycle assessment). It includes the latest research advances in manufacturing optimization and improvements to update the carbonaceous materials with desirable environmental functionalities.
Discussion and case studies are incorporated in treating municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater, and stormwater to illustrate and emphasize the promising prospects of biochar technology in the treatment of various wastewater in actual utilization. Perspectives and future research directions of the emerging biochar technology in wastewater treatment are presented to provide insights for readers and researchers in biochar application for wastewater treatment.
State-of-the-art knowledge of biochar technology is crucial to sustainable wastewater treatment. Given our global targets of carbon neutrality, sustainable blueprints, human well-being, and one health for the planet, we hope this book will inspire interdisciplinary stakeholders to join hands and transfer knowledge to new generations for the sake of our sustainable future.
