Blockchains E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Serie: IEEE Press Series on Digital & Mobile Communication
- Sprache: Englisch
Blockchains Empowering Technologies and Industrial Applications A comprehensive guide to the most recent developments in blockchains in theoretical and industrial perspectives Originally introduced as a method to keep track of Bitcoin transactions over a peer-to-peer network, blockchain is a continuously growing list of records, called blocks, which are linked and secured using cryptography into a chain held in public databases. The use of this technology has grown since its cryptocurrency creation and now store three types of information: 1) transactions, including the date, time, and value of purchases; 2) records of participates in transactions; and 3) unique code known as a "hash" that distinguishes one block from another. A single block on the blockchain can hold 1 MB of data, or potentially thousands of transactions -- this then can allow for hundreds of thousands of transactions to be recorded as each block can join the state-of-the-art blockchain. Blockchains provides a detailed overview of the latest and most innovative concepts, techniques, and applications related to the developing blockchain. Aimed at novices and experts on the subject, the book focuses on blockchain technologies, integrated systems, and use cases, specifically by looking at three major technical areas: blockchain platforms and distributed database technologies, consensus and fault tolerance, and Blockchain as a Service (BaaS). These avenues of research are essential to support blockchain functionalities, such as acquiring and updating existing data, securing data resources and the recovery of failures, and using blockchains in various services that range from cryptocurrencies to cloud automation. Blockchains readers will also find: * Brainstorming activities that gradually builds the knowledge of readers on the described technology and deployment scenarios * Investigation of specific topics such as novel networking protocols, wireless techniques, new infrastructure designs, operations management, and deployment strategies * Discussion of technical challenges in blockchain, as well as how to manage cloud-based networks, service automation, and cyber security * Numerous elementary and advanced examples on various topics at the end of the book that can be used for training purposes * Illustrations including tables and diagrams to help elucidate points made throughout the volume * Glossary of relevant terminology to blockchains in enterprise Blockchains is a useful reference for researchers in vehicular networking and computer science, as well as cloud storage providers and governmental offices for data management.
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Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
About the Editors
About the Contributors
Foreword
Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Exploring Blockchain Technology
1.2 Developing and Testing Blockchains: Software Development Approach
1.3 Blockchains and Cloud Integration
1.4 Blockchain and Mobile Networking
1.5 Open Architecture and Blockchains
1.6 Open API and Monetization of Mobile Network Infrastructure
1.7 Resiliency of Current Blockchain Models
1.8 Next Evolution in Blockchain Functions
1.9 Book Objectives and Organization
References
2 Enabling Technologies and Distributed Storage
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Data Storage
2.3 Blockchains
2.4 Distributed Storage Systems
2.5 The Future of DSS
2.6 Concluding Considerations
Acronyms
References
Note
3 Managing Consensus in Distributed Transaction Systems
3.1 Ledgers and Consensus
3.2 Consensus Protocols, Then and Now
3.3 Cryptographic Nakamoto Proofs
3.4 Challenges to Scalability
3.5 Block Size and Propagation
3.6 Committees, Groups, and Sharding
3.7 Transaction Channels
3.8 Checkpointing and Finality Gadgets
3.9 Bootstrapping
3.10 Future Trends
3.11 Conclusion
References
Note
4 Security, Privacy, and Trust of Distributed Ledgers Technology
4.1 CAP Theorem and DLT
4.2 CAP Theorem
4.3 Security and Privacy of DLT
4.4 Security in DLT
4.5 Privacy Issues in DLT
4.6 Cyberattacks and Fraud
4.7 DLT Implementation and Blockchain
4.8 DLT of IOTA Tangle
4.9 Trilemma of Security, Scalability, and Decentralization
4.10 Security Architecture in DLT and Blockchain
4.11 Research Trends and Challenges
References
Notes
5 Blockchains for Business – Permissioned Blockchains
#
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Major Architectures of Permissioned Blockchains
5.3 Improving Order–Execute Using Deterministic Concurrency Control
5.4 Improving Execute–Order–Validate
5.5 Scale‐Out by Sharding
5.6 Trends of Development
Acronyms
References
Note
6 Attestation Infrastructures for Automotive Cybersecurity and Vehicular Applications of Blockchains
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Cybersecurity of Automotive and IoT Systems
6.3 The TCB and Development of Trusted Hardware
6.4 Attestations in Automotive Systems
6.5 Vehicle Wallets for Blockchain Applications
6.6 Blockchain Technology for Future Attestation Infrastructures
6.7 Areas for Innovation and Future Research
6.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
7 Blockchain for Mobile Networks
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Next‐Generation Mobile Networks: Technology Enablers and Challenges
7.3 Blockchain Applicability to Mobile Networks and Services
7.4 Blockchain for Network Slicing
7.5 Concluding Remarks and Future Work
Acronyms
References
Notes
8 Blockchains for Cybersecurity and AI Systems
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Securing Blockchains and Traditional IT Architectures
8.3 Public Blockchains Cybersecurity
8.4 Private Blockchains Cybersecurity
8.5 Modeling Blockchain Vulnerabilities Using Graph Theory
8.6 Security: Blockchain for IoT
8.7 Blockchain for Federated AI
References
9 6G Resource Management and Sharing: Blockchain and O‐RAN
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Spectrum Management
9.3 Benefit of Using the Blockchain
9.4 Application Scenarios
9.5 Conclusions
References
Notes
10 Blockchain for Smart Healthcare
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Smart Healthcare Architecture with Blockchain
10.3 Blockchain for EMRs Data Sharing in Collaborative Healthcare
10.4 Blockchain Mining Design for Smart Healthcare System
10.5 Experimental Results
10.6 Conclusions
Acronyms
References
11 Blockchain Standards
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Role of Blockchain Standards
11.3 Landscape of Blockchain Standards
11.4 From Blockchain Standards to Industrial Adoption
List of Acronyms
References
Index
IEEE Press Series on Digital and Mobile Communication
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 2
Table 2.1 Comparison of selected DSSs.
Table 2.2 Comparison of throughput and latency of selected DLs based on [55...
Table 2.3 Comparison of throughput and latency of remote read operations in...
Chapter 4
Table 4.1 Security and privacy requirements, properties, and techniques in ...
Chapter 5
Table 5.1 Four deterministic concurrency control algorithms.
Table 5.2 A block of transactions where only commits.
Table 5.3 One way of reordering transactions in Table 5.2.
Table 5.4 The optimal way of reordering transactions in Table 5.2.
Table 5.5 The cycle covering table.
Chapter 9
Table 9.1 Comparison of blockchain consensus.
Chapter 11
Table 11.1 Q14/17 published items on blockchain.
Table 11.2 Q14/17 blockchain‐related standard items underdevelopment.
Table 11.3 Q22/16 published blockchain standards.
Table 11.4 Q22/16 published FG‐DLT technical papers.
Table 11.5 SG 16 blockchain items.
Table 11.6 FG‐DLT deliverables.
Table 11.7 SG 20 published blockchain IoT items.
Table 11.8 SG 20 blockchain IoT items under development.
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 Blockchains & Distributed Ledger Technologies.
Figure 1.2 Testing Procedures and Relevant Blockchain Modules.
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 Storage network types.
Figure 2.2 Scope of distributed storage systems – The big picture.
Figure 2.3 Chain of blocks in a Blockchain.
Figure 2.4 An example of a block content in the Bitcoin Blockchain [14].
Figure 2.5 A simplified example of the Merkle Tree Construction.
Figure 2.6 Blockchain address generation based on Public Key Cryptography.
Figure 2.7 Distributed ledger types.
Figure 2.8 Co‐existence of DSSs and DLs for dApp data storage.
Figure 2.9 Dairy supply chain tracking with a DSS and BC integrated dApp.
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 A hierarchical taxonomy of distributed consensus approaches discu...
Figure 3.2 Under BFT, a known number of nodes (with a leader L) communicate ...
Figure 3.3 In Nakamoto consensus, the borders of the graph are not well‐defi...
Figure 3.4 A hard‐to‐pebble superconcentrator graph.
Figure 3.5 In sharded systems, subgroups of participants reach consensus, th...
Figure 3.6 Here, the chain forked twice before A and C were pruned, with a m...
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 The evolution of DLT (distributed ledger technology) to blockchai...
Figure 4.2 Types of blockchains.
Figure 4.3 An overview of CAP theorem.
Figure 4.4 DLT solutions against each of the three compatible pairs of the C...
Figure 4.5 Flow of content for the section of implementations of different D...
Figure 4.6 DLT security architecture.
Figure 4.7 Threat model in DLT.
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 The order–execute architecture.
Figure 5.2 The simulate–order–validate architecture.
Figure 5.3 is in dangerous structure.
Figure 5.4 No transaction is aborted.
Figure 5.5 and are aborted.
Figure 5.6 The dependency graph of transactions in Table 5.2.
Figure 5.7 The cycles detected in Figure 5.6.
Figure 5.8 The architecture of blockchainDB.
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 The TCG automotive‐thin TPMs.
Figure 6.2 Reference architecture for attestations.
Figure 6.3 Overview of software updates over‐the‐air (SOTA) incorporating at...
Figure 6.4 Overview of composite attestations in automotive systems.
Figure 6.5 Overview of the verifier with decentralized infrastructures.
Figure 6.6 Illustration of the logical separation between the (i) endorsemen...
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 Blockchain basic operations.
Figure 7.2 Example of blockchain applications in the RAN domain.
Figure 7.3 Example of blockchain applications in the Edge and Cloud domain....
Figure 7.4 Network slice brokerage overview
Figure 7.5 A distributed hierarchical architecture for network slicing.
Figure 7.6 Example of transaction message exchange within NSBchain.
Figure 7.7 Private blockchain architecture supporting network slicing.
Figure 7.8 Slice request throughput and blockchain size growth for different...
Figure 7.9 CDF of the slice request validation latency experienced by tenant...
Figure 7.10 Transaction acceptance and error rates for different scenarios....
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Information security vs cybersecurity.
Figure 8.2 Public blockchain issues categorization.
Figure 8.3 Dimensions of analyzing blockchain–IoT convergence.
Figure 8.4 A schematic representation of the characterization of federated l...
Figure 8.5 Blockchain‐based FML for large‐scale environmental monitoring.
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 Blockchain‐enabled resource management framework.
Figure 9.2 Spectrum management using the blockchain and smart contract.
Figure 9.3 Network slicing applied with the use of the blockchain.
Figure 9.4 Overview of BE‐RAN in addition to existing mobile network.
Figure 9.5 A modified PDCP data with BE‐RAN integration.
Figure 9.6 O‐RAN integration of mutual authentication protocols.
Figure 9.7 E2AP protocol stack [3].
Figure 9.8 E2AP protocol stack with BE‐RAN.
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 Decentralized EMRs sharing with blockchain for smart healthcare....
Figure 10.2 The proposed EMRs sharing procedure with MEC and IPFS. (a) Case ...
Figure 10.3 The PoR consensus of health blockchain.
Figure 10.4 Authentication latency with different numbers of healthcare user...
Figure 10.5 Data retrieval latency under different numbers of data requests....
Figure 10.6 Comparison of block verification latency.
Figure 10.7 Comparison of block verification latency.
Figure 10.8 Comparison of network bandwidth cost.
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 Illustration of a typical automobile supply chain.
Figure 11.2 Blockchain standard projects classification.
Figure 11.3 Published international blockchain standards.
Figure 11.4 IEEE organization.
Figure 11.5 IEEE SA organizational structure.
Figure 11.6 IEEE‐SA approved PARs from 2017 to 2020.
Figure 11.7 The alternative approval process of ITU‐T.
Figure 11.8 The ITU‐T Study Groups currently developing blockchain‐related s...
Figure 11.9 ISO/TC 307 WGs and external liaison relationships.
Figure 11.10 ISO/TC 307 internal liaison relationships.
Guide
Cover Page
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
About the Editors
About the Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Begin Reading
Index
IEEE Press Series on Digital and Mobile Communication
Wiley End User License Agreement
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Blockchains
Empowering Technologies and Industrial Applications
Edited by
Anwer Al‐DulaimiEXFO Inc., Canada
Octavia A. DobreMemorial University, Canada
Chih‐Lin IChina Mobile Research Institute, China
Copyright © 2024 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
Published simultaneously in Canada.
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Al‐Dulaimi, Anwer, 1974‐ editor. | Dobre, Octavia A., editor. | I,
Chih‐Lin, editor.
Title: Blockchains : empowering technologies and industrial applications /
Anwer Al‐Dulaimi, Octavia A. Dobre, Chih‐Lin I.
Description: Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley‐IEEE Press, [2024] | Includes
index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2023025340 (print) | LCCN 2023025341 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119781011 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119781028 (adobe pdf) | ISBN
9781119781035 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Blockchains (Databases)
Classification: LCC QA76.9.B56 B5745 2024 (print) | LCC QA76.9.B56
(ebook) | DDC 005.74–dc23/eng/20230623
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023025340
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023025341
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: © whiteMocca/Shutterstock
TO EXFO Team
This book is dedicated to my colleagues at EXFO, who made every day at work a joy. Your camaraderie and humor helped to make even the toughest challenges feel manageable.
To my team, your tireless work ethic and dedication to excellence inspired me every day, and I am forever grateful for the knowledge and experience I gain while working alongside each of you.
To the leaders of EXFO, who created a culture of innovation, inclusion, and growth. Your unwavering commitment to your employees and customers alike is truly admirable, and I am privileged to be part of such a forward‐thinking organization.
Anwer Al‐Dulaimi
About the Editors
Anwer Al‐Dulaimi is currently a Senior Manager of Emerging Technologies and a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff at EXFO, Montreal, Canada. He received the PhD degree in electrical and computer engineering from Brunel University, London, UK, in 2012 after obtaining MSc and BSc honors degrees in communication engineering. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, sponsored by Blackberry's advanced research team. In his current role, Anwer is responsible for identifying future trends in mobile technology evolutions and the adaptation phases that EXFO needs to take for compliance. He is the chair of the newly established IEEE 5G/6G Innovation Testbed Project, which is working to develop a virtual testing platform for E2E network industry testing. He is the chair of the IEEE 1932.1 “Standard for Licensed/Unlicensed Spectrum Interoperability in Wireless Mobile Network.” He is also representing EXFO in many industrial forums such as One6G and other collaborative projects. He has published many papers, edited books, and developed patents focusing on new generations of mobile networking technologies. He is the editor of the IEEE Future Networks Series on 5G and 6G published by IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, the editor of the Vehicular Networking Series in IEEE Communication Standards Magazine, and a guest editor of many other IEEE series issues. His research interests include 5G/6G networks, cloud computing, IoT, and cybersecurity. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (FIET) and has registered as a Chartered Engineer (CEng) by the British Engineering Council since 2010. He is a member of the NSERC discovery grants committee, a voting member of Mobile Communication Networks Standards Committee (MobiNet‐SC), a senior member of IEEE, and an IEEE ComSoc Distinguished Lecturer.
Octavia A. Dobre is a Professor and Research Chair at Memorial University, Canada. Previously, she was with New Jersey Institute of Technology and Stevens Institute of Technology, USA, after receiving her PhD degree from the Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest, Romania, in 2000. Dr. Dobre was a Visiting Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, and Université de Bretagne Occidentale, France. Her research interests encompass wireless communication and networking technologies, as well as optical and underwater communications. She has co‐authored more than 400 refereed papers in these areas. Dr. Dobre serves as the Director of Journals and Editor‐in‐Chief (EiC) of the IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. She was the EiC of the IEEE Communications Letters and a senior editor, editor, and guest Editor for various prestigious journals and magazines. She also served as General Chair, Technical Program Co‐Chair, Tutorial Co‐Chair, and Technical Co‐Chair of Symposia at numerous conferences. Dr. Dobre was a Fulbright Scholar, Royal Society Scholar, and Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Communications Society. She obtained Best Paper Awards at various conferences, including IEEE ICC, IEEE Globecom, IEEE WCNC, and IEEE PIMRC. Dr. Dobre is an elected member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, a Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada, a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering, and a Fellow of the IEEE.
Chih‐Lin I is CMCC Chief Scientist of Wireless Technologies, spearheading major initiatives covering 5G/6G, C‐RAN/O‐RAN, and Green technologies. She received PhD in EE from Stanford University. She has won the 2005 IEEE ComSoc Stephen Rice Prize, the 2018 IEEE ComSoc Fred W. Ellersick Prize, the 7th IEEE Asia‐Pacific Outstanding Paper Award, and the 2015 IEEE Industrial Innovation Award for Leadership and Innovation in Next‐Generation Cellular Wireless Networks. She is the Chair of O‐RAN Technical Steering Committee; an O‐RAN Executive Committee Member, the Chair of FuTURE 5G/6G SIG; the Chair of WAIA (Wireless AI Alliance) Executive Committee; an Executive Board Member of GreenTouch; a Network Operator Council Founding Member of ETSI NFV; a Steering Board Member and Vice Chair of WWRF; a Steering Committee member and the Publication Chair of IEEE 5G and Future Networks Initiatives; the Founding Chair of IEEE WCNC Steering Committee; the Director of IEEE ComSoc Meetings and Conferences Board; a Senior Editor of IEEE Transactions of Green Communication and Networking; an Area Editor of ACM/IEEE Transactions of Networking; Executive Co‐chair of IEEE Globecom 2020, IEEE WCNC 2007, IEEE WOCC 2004 and 2000; a member of IEEE ComSoc SDB, SPC, and CSCN‐SC; and a Scientific Advisory Board Member of Singapore NRF. She has published over 200 papers in scientific journals, book chapters, and conferences and holds over 100 patents. She has co‐authored the book Green and Software‐Defined Wireless Networks – From Theory to Practice and has also co‐edited two books: Ultra‐dense Networks – Principles and Applications and 5G Networks – Fundamental Requirements, Enabling Technologies, and Operations Management. She is a Fellow of IEEE and a Fellow of WWRF. Her current research interests center around ICDT Deep Convergence: “From Green and Soft to Open and Smart.”
About the Contributors
Anwer Al‐Dulaimi is currently a Senior Manager of Emerging Technologies and a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff at EXFO, Montreal, Canada. He received the PhD degree in electrical and computer engineering from Brunel University, London, UK, in 2012 after obtaining MSc and BSc honors degrees in communication engineering. He was a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, sponsored by Blackberry's advanced research team. In his current role, Anwer is responsible for identifying future trends in mobile technology evolutions and the adaptation phases that EXFO needs to take for compliance. He is the chair of the newly established IEEE 5G/6G Innovation Testbed Project, which is working to develop a virtual testing platform for E2E network industry testing. He is the chair of the IEEE 1932.1 “Standard for Licensed/Unlicensed Spectrum Interoperability in Wireless Mobile Network.” He is also representing EXFO in many industrial forums such as One6G and other collaborative projects. He has published many papers, edited books, and developed patents focusing on new generations of mobile networking technologies. He is the editor of the IEEE Future Networks Series on 5G and 6G published by IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, the editor of the Vehicular Networking Series in IEEE Communication Standards Magazine, and a guest editor of many other IEEE series issues. His research interests include 5G/6G networks, cloud computing, IoT, and cybersecurity. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (FIET) and has registered as a Chartered Engineer (CEng) by the British Engineering Council since 2010. He is a member of the NSERC discovery grants committee, a voting member of Mobile Communication Networks Standards Committee (MobiNet‐SC), a senior member of IEEE and an IEEE ComSoc Distinguished Lecturer.
Antonio Albanese received his B.Sc. in Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering from Politecnico di Bari, Italy, in 2016 and his M.Sc. degree in Telecommunications Engineering from Politecnico di Milano, Italy, in 2018. Currently, he is the Chief Technology Officer at Flyhound Co., New York, USA while he is pursuing his Ph.D. in Telematic Engineering at Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain. His research field covers millimeter waves, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, aerial networks, and applied mathematical optimization, with a particular interest in wireless localization and prototyping.
Ismael Arribas is Co‐founder, Kunfud®, Chief Compliance Officer at KRON WORLD S.L. Global and Collective Entrepreneur from Kingdom of Spain, and driving an independent compliance firm named Kunfud® since 2006. Ismael is committed with Standards at ISO TC 307, CEN‐CENELEC JTC19, Liaison Officer between CEN‐CENELEC and ETSI ISG‐ PDL, ITU‐T FGDLT, and Q‐22 at Study Group 16. He is Founding member of INATBA (https://inatba.org/) and Co‐chair at Standards Committee in INATBA. He is also Principal Advisor for standardization at LaCChain (https://www.lacchain.net/#/home?lang=en) and IDB Lab. He is Co‐Founder of various Startups like Blue Future Organization, Lumiversity, and CLAUDIA.
Hans Walter Behrens received his B.S. in Computer Science from the University of California, Irvine, and his M.S. and Ph.D. in Computer Science from Arizona State University. He serves as a visiting student researcher at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and has spent several years as Chief Technical Officer in several startups as well. His primary research interests include the security and privacy implications of distributed and decentralized systems, and in the creation of robust and resilient techniques that maintain functionality in the presence of active adversaries. His work has been published in conferences such as CCS, VLDB, ICBC, and ICC, and has been recognized by several awards, including the Dean's Fellowship and Herbold Foundation Graduate Engineering Scholarship. To learn more, visit behrens.dev/.
Dragan Boscovic is a research professor in the School of Computing, Informatics, & Decision Systems Engineering (CIDSE) at Arizona State University and Research Director of AZ Blockchain Applied Research Center, and Distinguished Visiting Scholar, mediaX, at Stanford University. Additionally, he is CEO and Founder of technology VizLore Group, headquartered in Arizona, and focuses on delivering innovative solutions related to IoT, Data Analytics, Blockchain distributed computing, and digital asset management. He holds a Ph.D. in EE and CS, Numerical Electromagnetic Modeling from the University of Bath, United Kingdom (1991). He has 25 years of high‐tech experience acquired in an international setup (UK, France, China, USA) and is uniquely positioned to help data‐driven technical advances within today's global data‐intensive technology arena. He is a lateral thinker with broad exposure to a wide range of scientific methods and business practices. He has a proven track record in conceiving strategies and managing the development, investment, and innovation efforts related to advanced data analysis services, ML/AI applications, and mobile and IoT solutions and platforms.
Kasim Selçuk Candan is a Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the Arizona State University (ASU) and the Director of ASU's Center for Assured and Scalable Data Engineering (CASCADE). His primary research interest is in the area of management and analysis of (non‐traditional, heterogeneous, and imprecise) data. He has published over 200 journal and peer‐reviewed conference articles, one book, several book chapters, and has several patents. Prof. Candan served as an associate editor of the Very Large Databases (VLDB) journal, IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, and IEEE Transactions on Multimedia. He is currently serving as Associate Editor for the ACM Transactions on Database Systems and IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering. He is a founding Managing Editor for the ACM Proceedings of the Management of Data (PACMMOD). He served as a member of the Executive Committee of ACM SIGMOD and is an ACM Distinguished Scientist. You can find more information about his research and an up‐to‐date resume at http://aria.asu.edu/candan.
Xiaofeng Chen, PhD, Zhejiang University, is senior technical standards expert and senior software testing and development expert. The main work direction includes engineering efficiency improvement, automated testing, continuous integration testing, NoSQL database research and testing, blockchain technology research and testing, application system and related platform demand analysis and testing, multi‐platform and cross‐platform project test method research, and test efficiency optimization. The author has actively participated in the development of blockchain standards of IEEE, ITU‐T SG16 Q22, ISO/TC 307, and other international standardization organizations, the research work of national standards, industry and group standards, and the standard direction covers the basic technology, architecture, performance, security, and real economy applications of the blockchain. Xiaofeng led and participated in a team for development of more than 100 blockchain international, national, industry, and group standards. The author is currently working at Hangzhou Qulian Technology Co., Ltd., and is responsible for the company's quality system, safety system, and standardization system construction, improving product quality, improving and optimizing engineering efficiency, and enhancing the company's domestic and foreign influence.
Alexander Chuburkov is a national standardization expert (Russia, GOST R). Alexander leads the work in the WG “Smart contracts” of the Technical Committee on Standardization “Hardware and Software for Distributed Ledger Technologies” (TC159, Mirror Committee for ISO/TC307). Alexander led the work of the regulatory framework development at the ITU‐T Focus Group on the Application of Distributed Ledger Technology (FG DLT).
Xavier Costa‐Pérez is Head of Beyond 5G Networks R&D at NEC Laboratories Europe, Scientific Director at the i2Cat R&D Center and Research Professor at ICREA. His team contributes to products roadmap evolution as well as to European Commission R&D collaborative projects and received several awards for successful technology transfers. In addition, the team contributes to related standardization bodies: 3GPP, ETSI NFV, ETSI MEC and IETF. Xavier has been a 5GPPP Technology Board member, served on the Program Committee of several conferences (including IEEE Greencom, WCNC, and INFOCOM), published at top research venues and holds several patents. He also serves as Editor of IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing and Transactions on Communications journals. He received both his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in Telecommunications from the Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC) in Barcelona and was the recipient of a national award for his Ph.D. thesis.
Tasos Dagiuklas received the Engineering Degree from the University of Patras‐Greece in 1989, the MSc from the University of Manchester, UK, in 1991, and the PhD degree from the University of Essex‐UK in 1995, all in Electrical Engineering. He is a leading researcher and expert in the fields of Internet and multimedia technologies for smart cities, ambient assisted living, healthcare, and smart agriculture. He has been a principal investigator, a co‐investigator, a project and technical manager, a coordinator, and a focal person of over 20 internationally R&D and capacity training projects with total funding of approximately č5.0m from different international organizations. He is currently the Leader of the SuITE Research Group, London South Bank University, where he also acts as the Head of the Division in Computer Science. His research interests include smart internet technologies, media optimization across heterogeneous networks, QoE, virtual reality, augmented reality, and cloud infrastructures and services.
Ming Ding (Senior Member, IEEE) received the BS and MS degrees (with first‐class Hons.) in electronics engineering from Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), Shanghai, China, and the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in signal and information processing from SJTU, in 2004, 2007, and 2011, respectively. From April 2007 to September 2014, he worked at Sharp Laboratories of China in Shanghai, China, as a Researcher/Senior Researcher/Principal Researcher. Currently, he is a senior research scientist at Data61, CSIRO, in Sydney, NSW, Australia. His research interests include information technology, data privacy and security, machine learning and AI, etc. He has authored over 140 papers in IEEE journals and conferences, all in recognized venues, and around 20 3GPP standardization contributions, as well as a Springer book Multi‐point Cooperative Communication Systems: Theory and Applications. Also, he holds 21 US patents and co‐invented another 100+ patents on 4G/5G technologies in CN, JP, KR, EU, etc. Currently, he is an editor of IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications and IEEE Wireless Communications Letters. Besides, he has served as Guest Editor/Co‐Chair/Co‐Tutor/TPC member for many IEEE top‐tier journals/conferences and received several awards for his research work and professional services.
Hui Ding is senior standard expert of Ant Group and responsible for technology collaboration in Digital Technology BG of Ant Group. She is a member of IEEE‐SA RevCom, Secretary of IEEE CTS DFESC, member of Blockchain Committee of China Computer Federation, and member of Blockchain Committee of China Institute of Communications. She led/participated in a number of blockchain and IoT‐related standard projects in IEEE (P2418.3, P2144, P2418.10, P2418.10, etc.) and also contributed to ITU‐T FG‐DLT and FG‐DPM while she was the co‐founder of Chaincomp Technologies. She worked with ITU‐T SG13, ONF, OIF, IETF and participated in more than 20 SDO projects including SDN northbound API, Intent‐based API, information modeling, open‐source tooling development, and ONF/OIF global interoperability demo as researcher and standard engineer in China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, China. She obtained a Ph.D. degree from Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications.
Octavia A. Dobre is a Professor and Research Chair at Memorial University, Canada. Previously, she was with New Jersey Institute of Technology and Stevens Institute of Technology, USA, after receiving her PhD degree from the Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest, Romania, in 2000. Dr. Dobre was a Visiting Professor with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, and Université de Bretagne Occidentale, France. Her research interests encompass wireless communication and networking technologies, as well as optical and underwater communications. She has (co‐)authored +400 refereed papers in these areas.
Dr. Dobre serves as the Director of Journals and Editor‐in‐Chief (EiC) of the IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society. She was the EiC of the IEEE Communications Letters, Senior Editor, Editor, and Guest Editor for various prestigious journals and magazines. She also served as General Chair, Technical Program Co‐Chair, Tutorial Co‐Chair, and Technical Co‐Chair of symposia at numerous conferences.
Dr. Dobre was a Fulbright Scholar, Royal Society Scholar, and Distinguished Lecturer of the IEEE Communications Society. She obtained Best Paper Awards at various conferences, including IEEE ICC, IEEE Globecom, IEEE WCNC, and IEEE PIMRC. Dr. Dobre is an elected member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, a Fellow of the Engineering Institute of Canada, a Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Engineering, and a Fellow of the IEEE.
Jörn Erbguth is a consultant on blockchain and data protection (GDPR). With majors in computer science and law, he takes a multidisciplinary approach to new technology. He is an enabler of privacy by design where legal and technological aspects need to be tightly integrated. Jörn previously worked as a software developer, a product manager, and was head of ICT and CTO for legal information systems in Germany and Switzerland. Jörn publishes about technology and law and lectures at the Geneva School of Diplomacy, the University of Lucerne, and the University of St. Gallen. He is active in Blockchain standardization at the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and was a member of DIN SPEC 4997 Privacy by Blockchain Design. He works with Geneva Macro Labs as Head of Technology Insights. Jörn also serves as a board member for the German EDV‐Gerichtstag (German Association for Computing in the Judiciary) and the Swiss entscheidsuche.ch association. The latter engages in making Swiss court cases easily and freely available to the public. He is also member of the expert panel of the European Blockchain Observatory and Forum.
Saptarshi Ghosh received the BSc (Hons.) degree in computer science from the University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India, in 2010, the ME degree in software engineering from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, in 2016, and the MSc degree in smart networks from the University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK, in 2017. He is currently working toward the PhD degree in computer science and informatics with London South Bank University, London, UK.
He is a module Leader of several core CS modules with London South Bank University. He is JNCIA (DevOps) certified, and was a Software Developer and Network Engineer. He has contributed to several research and software engineering projects funded by Erasmus+, Innovate UK, and Defence Science and Technology Laboratory. His research interests include SD‐WAN, network programmability and automation, cognitive‐routing, and deep reinforcement learning.
Ghosh is a recipient of GATE and Erasmus‐Mundus Scholarship. His PhD research is under the EU‐Horizon 2020 project, supported by Marie‐Curie Fund with the research area focused in machine learning's application to self‐organized SDN for 5G and beyond.
Dr. Thomas Hardjono is the CTO of Connection Science and Technical Director of the MIT Trust‐Data Consortium at MIT in Cambridge, MA. USA. He is an early pioneer in the field of digital identities and trusted hardware, and instrumental in the development and broad adoption of the MIT Kerberos authentication protocol. His activities include leading standard development efforts, notably at the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), IEEE, Trusted Computing Group, Confidential Computing Alliance, and others. He has published over 70 technical conference and journal papers, and authored several books. He is currently involved in several startups around the MIT community. His current area of interest is Web3 Digital Assets, with focus on the interoperability of asset networks and survivability of these networks against cybersecurity attacks.
Chih‐Lin I is CMCC Chief Scientist of Wireless Technologies, spearheading major initiatives covering 5G/6G, C‐RAN/O‐RAN, and Green technologies. She received PhD (EE) from Stanford University. She has won 2005 IEEE ComSoc Stephen Rice Prize, 2018 IEEE ComSoc Fred W. Ellersick Prize, the 7th IEEE Asia‐Pacific Outstanding Paper Award, and 2015 IEEE Industrial Innovation Award for Leadership and Innovation in Next‐Generation Cellular Wireless Networks.
She is the Chair of O‐RAN Technical Steering Committee and an O‐RAN Executive Committee Member, the Chair of FuTURE 5G/6G SIG, the Chair of WAIA (Wireless AI Alliance) Executive Committee, an Executive Board Member of GreenTouch, a Network Operator Council Founding Member of ETSI NFV, a Steering Board Member and Vice Chair of WWRF, a Steering Committee member and the Publication Chair of IEEE 5G and Future Networks Initiatives, the Founding Chair of IEEE WCNC Steering Committee, the Director of IEEE ComSoc Meetings and Conferences Board, a Senior Editor of IEEE Trans. Green Comm. & Networking, an Area Editor of ACM/IEEE Trans. Networking; Executive Co‐chair of IEEE Globecom 2020, IEEE WCNC 2007, IEEE WOCC 2004 and 2000; a member of IEEE ComSoc SDB, SPC, and CSCN‐SC; and a Scientific Advisory Board Member of Singapore NRF.
She has published over 200 papers in scientific journals, book chapters, and conferences and holds over 100 patents. She is co‐author of the book Green and Software‐defined Wireless Networks – From Theory to Practice and has also co‐edited two books: Ultra‐dense Networks – Principles and Applications and 5G Networks – Fundamental Requirements, Enabling Technologies, and Operations Management. She is a Fellow of IEEE and a Fellow of WWRF. Her current research interests center around ICDT Deep Convergence: “From Green & Soft to Open & Smart.”
Muddesar Iqbal received the PhD degree from Kingston University in 2010 with a dissertation titled “Design, development, and implementation of a high‐performance wireless mesh network for application in emergency and disaster recovery.” He has been a principal investigator, a co‐investigator, a project manager, a coordinator, and a focal person of over 20 internationally teamed research and development, capacity building, and training projects. He is an established researcher and expert in the fields of mobile cloud computing and open‐based networking for applications in education, disaster management, and healthcare; community networks; and smart cities. He is currently a Senior Lecturer in mobile computing with the Division of Computer Science and Informatics, School of Engineering, London South Bank University. His research interests include 5G networking technologies, multimedia cloud computing, mobile edge computing, fog computing, Internet of Things, software‐defined networking, network function virtualization, quality of experience, and cloud infrastructures and services. He was a recipient of the EPSRC Doctoral Training Award in 2007.
Petar Jevtić is an Assistant Professor at Arizona State University, School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, USA. He held an Assistant Professor position at McMaster University, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Canada, where he also completed his Postdoctoral Fellowship. In 2013 he gained his PhD at the Department of Economic, Social, Mathematical and Statistical Sciences at University of Turin, Italy. During his PhD, he was visiting scholar at the Department of Statistics at The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He received an MS degree at the Faculty of Economics, University of Belgrade, Serbia. He received Dipl. Ing. in Computer Science and Engineering at School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia. His research focus is on mathematical modeling of risk with an emphasis on actuarial science and mathematical finance. He has published in premier actuarial, statistics, and theoretical mathematics journals.
Xiangjuan Jia holds a Master's degree from Lanzhou University. Xiangjuan is a standardization expert and software testing engineer. The author has actively participated in the development of blockchain standards of IEEE, ITU‐T SG16 Q22, ISO/TC 307, and other international standardization organizations, and served as the secretary of the IEEE P3203 working group. Xiangjuan participated in the writing of national standards, industry standards, corporate standards, group standards, and participated in the writing of whitepapers and development reports related to blockchain industry applications. The standard direction covers the basic technology of blockchain, energy, government affairs, finance and other fields. Xiangjuan obtained the standardization manager (senior) certificate. Xiangjuan is currently working at Hangzhou Qulian Technology Co., Ltd., engaged in the research and testing of blockchain technology, and Standard preparation, comparative study of domestic and foreign standards, establishment of standard system.
Paulo Valente Klaine received his B. Eng. degree in electrical and electronic engineering from the Federal University of Technology ‐ Parana (UTFPR), Brazil in 2014, the MSc. degree from the University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K., in mobile communications systems in 2015, and the PhD degree in electrical and Electronics engineering from the University of Glasgow, U.K., in 2019. He has 3 filed patents and authored/co‐authored over 20 publications. He received the IEEE ICEICT'21 Best Paper award. His research interests include wireless blockchain, machine learning in wireless networks, and massive MIMO. He is currently working as an experienced researcher at Ericsson K. K. Japan.
Axel La Salle was born in July 1992. He is currently pursuing a PhD degree in applied mathematics from the School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences at Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona. Studying under supervision of Dr. Lanchier, he has conducted research on stochastic modeling, percolation theory, and graph theory with applied focus on Distributed ledger Technology (DLT) platforms and areas within like cyber risk modeling, performance evaluation of DLT platforms.
Ziliang Lai is a Ph.D. student of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK). His research mainly focuses on database transaction processing, blockchain and video analytic systems.
Nicolas Lanchier obtained his PhD in mathematics at the University of Rouen, France, in 2005, and is now a Professor at Arizona State University, School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences. His research is in the field of probability theory, with a focus on interacting particle systems (spatial stochastic processes). He is the author/co‐author of more than 50 papers published in some of the main probability journals, the author of the textbook Stochastic Modeling (Springer), and the creator of a YouTube channel in probability theory. He is also the recipient of several grants from the National Science Foundation and the National Security Agency.
Shancang Li (Senior Member, IEEE) received the BSc and MSc degrees in mechanics engineering and the PhD degree in computer science from Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi' an, China, in 2001, 2004, and 2008, respectively. He is currently a Senior Lecturer in School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, UK. His current research interests include digital forensics for emerging technologies, network security, cyber attacks, wireless sensor networks, the Internet of Things, and the lightweight cryptography in resource‐constrained devices.
Eric Lo is an Associate Professor of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) at the Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK). His research mainly focuses on video analytics, upercomputing, database, distributed systems, data science, and blockchain. Supported by the Croucher Scholarship, Eric received his Ph.D. from ETH Zurich‘s Computer Science Department. He was a member of ETH’s Systems group. Before joining CUHK, he got stints at Google and Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
Dinh C. Nguyen (Graduate Student Member, IEEE) is currently pursuing the PhD degree at the School of Engineering, Deakin University, VIC, Australia. His research interests focus on blockchain, deep reinforcement learning, mobile edge/cloud computing, network security, and privacy. He is currently working on blockchain and reinforcement learning for Internet of Things and 5G networks. He has been a recipient of the prestigious Data61 PhD scholarship, CSIRO, Australia.
Kyeong Hee Oh is CEO of TCA services, Outside director of Korea Internet & Security Agency. She is an information security professional with more than 20 years' experience. She had participated in the establishment of the evaluation criteria for information security product, of the national PKI, of ISMS certification scheme in Korea and developed the first draft of Privacy Information Management Systems in Korea. She has been involved with the International standardization from 2010, she is now Co‐rapporteur of ITU‐T SG 17 Q14 Security aspects of distributed ledger technologies, liaison officer to TC 307 and FG‐DLT, Korean delegation of ISO TC 307 Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies, and Head of Korean delegation of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27 WG 1 Information Security Management.
Oluwakayode Onireti (Member, IEEE) received the BE degree (Hons.) in electrical engineering from the University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria, in 2005, and the MSc degree (Hons.) in mobile and satellite communications and the PhD degree in electronics engineering from the University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K., in 2009 and 2012, respectively. He is currently a Lecturer with the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K. He has been actively involved in projects, such as ROCKET, EARTH, Greencom, QSON, DARE, and Energy proportional EnodeB for LTE‐Advanced and Beyond. His main research interests include self‐organizing cellular networks, millimeter‐wave communications, energy efficiency, wireless blockchain networks, multiple‐input–multiple‐output, and cooperative communications.
Pubudu N. Pathirana (Senior Member, IEEE) was born in 1970 in Matara, Sri Lanka, and was educated at Royal College Colombo. He received the B.E. degree (first class honors) in electrical engineering and the B.Sc. degree in mathematics in 1996, and the PhD degree in electrical engineering in 2000 from the University of Western Australia, all sponsored by the government of Australia on EMSS and IPRS scholarships, respectively. He was a Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Oxford University, Oxford, a Research Fellow at the School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, and a Consultant to the Defence Science and Technology Organization (DSTO), Australia, in 2002. He was a visiting professor at Yale University in 2009. Currently, he is a full Professor, Head of Discipline Mechatronics Electrical and Electronic Engineering, and the Director of Networked Sensing and Control group at the School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia and his current research interests include Bio‐Medical assistive device design, human motion capture, mobile/wireless networks, rehabilitation robotics, and radar array signal processing.
Sasa Pesic is a teaching assistant at the Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad, Serbia. Sasa is a Visiting Researcher at the School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering (CIDSE) at Arizona State University (Tempe, AZ, USA) at the Blockchain Research Laboratory and a Research Consultant at the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) department at Khalifa University (Abu Dhabi, UAE). He also is a seasoned blockchain engineer with 5 years' experience in industry settings. In his research work, he deals with highly distributed Internet of Things and edge computing systems, analyzing their robustness, security, and operating capacity and stability. His research interests include distributed ledger technologies, their security and interdisciplinary application in the domains of energy, finance, security of IoT systems, and peer‐to‐peer insurance. He is the author/coauthor of 15 scientific publications. He is actively working on two Horizon2020 research projects: Interconnect and Dedicat‐6G, and in the past two years he has worked on PhasmaFOOD, Vicinity, AgileIoT, BlockIS, and SymbIote.
Dr. Sina Rafati Niya received his Ph.D. from the University of Zürich (UZH) on the topic of “Efficient Designs for Practical Blockchain‐IoT Integration” in 2021. Since 2016 he has been conducting continuous research on blockchain‐based Decentralized Applications (dApps) and on protocols in the Identity Management, Internet‐of‐Things (IoT), Know Your Customer (KYC), Peer‐to‐peer trading, Supply Chain Tracking, and Decentralized Finance (DeFi) domains. Sina has been pursuing his research in the blockchain analytics area since 2022 as a senior research associate at the Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies (BDLT) group at UZH. Sina has published multiple scientific articles in the blockchain‐based service management area in recent years.
Saqib Rasool holds an MS degree in Computer Science from the National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan. He is currently pursuing PhD studies and is also serving as senior lecturer at Department of Computer Science, University of Gujrat (UoG), Gujrat, Pakistan. His research interests are Blockchain, Internet/Web/Cloud of Things, Reflection and Meta‐programming, Declarative DSLs, DevOps and scalable cloud/fog services.
Vincenzo Sciancalepore received his M.Sc. degree in Telecommunications Engineering and Telematics Engineering in 2011 and 2012, respectively, whereas 2015, he received a double Ph.D. degree. Currently, he is a senior 5G researcher at NEC Laboratories Europe in Heidelberg, focusing his activity on network virtualization and network slicing challenges. He is currently involved in the IEEE Emerging Technologies Committee leading the initiatives on SDN and NFV. He is the Chair of the Emerging Technologies Initiative (ETI) on Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS). He was also the recipient of the national award for the best Ph.D. thesis in the area of communication technologies (Wireless and Networking) issued by GTTI in 2015.
Aruna Seneviratne (Senior Member, IEEE) is currently a Foundation Professor of telecommunications with the University of New South Wales, Australia, where he holds the Mahanakorn Chair of telecommunications. He has also worked at a number of other Universities in Australia, UK, and France, and industrial organizations, including Muirhead, Standard Telecommunication Labs, Avaya Labs, and Telecom Australia (Telstra). In addition, he has held visiting appointments at INRIA, France. His current research interests are in physical analytics: technologies that enable applications to interact intelligently and securely with their environment in real time. Most recently, his team has been working on using these technologies in behavioral biometrics, optimizing the performance of wearables, and the IoT system verification. He has been awarded a number of fellowships, including one at British Telecom and one at Telecom Australia Research Labs.
Prof. Dr. Burkhard Stiller received the Diplom‐Informatiker (MSc) degree in computer science and the Dr. rer.‐nat. (PhD) degree from the University of Karlsruhe, Germany. He chairs as a full professor at the Communication Systems Group CSG, Department of Informatics IfI, University of Zürich UZH since 2004. He held previous research positions with the Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK; the Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zürich, Switzerland; and the University of Federal Armed Forces, Munich, Germany.
He coordinated various Swiss and European industrial and research projects, such as AAMAIS, DAMMO, SmoothIT, SmartenIT, SESERV, and Econ@Tel, besides participating in others, such as CONCORDIA, M3I, Akogrimo, EMANICS, EC‐GIN, FLAMINGO, and ACROSS. His main research interests are published in well over 300 research papers and include charging and accounting of Internet services, systems with a fully decentralized control (blockchains, clouds), network and service management, economic management, telecommunication economics, and IoT.
Lisa J. Y. Tan's work as the founder and lead economist at Economics Design has made her a pioneer in the design and engineering of digital ecosystems. With a track record of over 30 token economies and 50 token analyses, Lisa's work is characterized by a research‐focused approach and a deep understanding of the potential of blockchain technology. As a highly sought‐after speaker at conferences and forums worldwide, Lisa's expertise in token economics and DeFi has established her as a respected authority in the field of digital ecosystems.
Hao Xu received the B.Eng. degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K., in 2017, the M.Sc. degree in avionics from Cranfield University, Cranfield, U.K., in 2018, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K., in 2022. His research interests cover wireless communication, wireless blockchain consensus, blockchain‐enabled radio access network, and the next generation of decentralized physical infrastructure.
Lanfranco Zanzi received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. in Telecommunication Engineering from Politecnico of Milan (Italy) in 2014 and 2017, respectively. He is currently enrolled as Ph.D. candidate at the Technical University of Kaiserlautern, and works as research scientist at NEC Laboratories Europe. His research interests include network virtualization, machine learning, blockchain, and their applicability to 5G mobile networks in the context of network slicing.
Foreword
Blockchain technology is revolutionizing the way we do business. It is rapidly transforming various industries, such as finance, healthcare, cybersecurity, and networking. Blockchains are based on decentralized, distributed ledgers that are transparent, secure, and immutable. It allows parties to transact with each other without the need for intermediaries. As a result, it is expected to have a significant impact on various industries and drive innovation in multiple sectors.
The underlying technology has come a long way, with underpinning principles introduced as early as 1979. The breakthrough, however, came in 2008 with the release of the Bitcoin whitepaper by Satoshi Nakamoto. The technology has undergone significant improvements over the years, leading to the development of various blockchain platforms and applications.
The first blockchain, Bitcoin, was designed as a peer‐to‐peer electronic cash system that could operate without intermediaries such as banks. However, the limitations of Bitcoin, such as slow transaction speeds and limited scalability, led to the development of other blockchain platforms that addressed these issues.
Ethereum, launched in 2015, was a significant milestone in the evolution of blockchain technology. It introduced the concept of smart contracts, which are self‐executing contracts that automatically enforce the rules and regulations of the contract. Smart contracts have since become a fundamental feature of most blockchain platforms, enabling the creation of decentralized applications (DApps) that can perform various functions, such as asset management, supply chain tracking, and voting systems.
Another significant development in the evolution of blockchain technology is the emergence of private and consortium blockchains. Unlike public blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum, private blockchains are permissioned networks that allow only authorized participants to access and transact on the network. Consortium blockchains, on the other hand, are shared among a group of organizations that collaborate to achieve a common goal, such as supply chain management. Permissioned blockchains offer increased privacy, scalability, and flexibility, making them suitable for various enterprise applications.
Blockchain technology has the potential to transform other technology fields through enabling secure communication channels, authentication mechanisms, and data protection through encryption. In terms of cybersecurity, blockchain technology can be used to prevent data breaches and fraud by providing tamper‐proof records of transactions and other activities. It can also provide secure identity management systems that can reduce the risk of identity theft and other types of fraud.
From a communication perspective, blockchain technology can be used to provide secure messaging platforms that offer end‐to‐end encryption and prevent unauthorized access to user data. It can also provide a decentralized system for file storage and sharing, enabling secure and efficient collaboration between individuals and organizations.
The future of blockchain technology is promising, with new developments and innovations expected to emerge, leading to increased adoption and integration into various industries. This book aims to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of blockchain technology, its underlying principles, and its industrial applications. It is also suitable for professionals in various industries who want to understand how blockchain can be applied in their respective fields. The book is written in a clear and concise manner, and the technical depth is just at the right level to ensure that readers can easily understand the concepts presented. It greatly complements other books in the field, such as “Blockchains in 6G: A Standardized Approach to Permissioned Distributed Ledgers.”
The book covers blockchain architecture, starting with distributed storage and how data is broken down into small, encrypted fragments and distributed across multiple nodes or computers on the network. Then, it studies permissioned blockchains in which access to participate and interaction with the network is restricted to authorized parties. The book then moves into industries that use blockchain to improve security and data exchange between elements. For example, a blockchain‐based V2V communication system can enable vehicles to share information such as location, speed, and road conditions, allowing them to avoid accidents and traffic congestion. In a subsequent chapter, the book shows how blockchain technology can enhance privacy in IoT applications by enabling users to control their data and decide who has access to it. In this case, IoT devices can authenticate and communicate with each other securely without the need for centralized intermediaries or third‐party providers. Moreover, the book shows how blockchain and AI can be combined to create more intelligent and efficient data processing systems. By using blockchain technology to securely store and share data, AI algorithms can have access to more accurate and trustworthy data, enabling them to make better decisions and predictions. The book also studies advanced use cases of O‐RAN, healthcare, and blockchain standardization by different regulatory bodies.
In conclusion, the potential for blockchain technology in many fields of technology is immense, and this book lays down the ground for some of the most innovative sectors. As blockchain adoption continues to grow, it will be important for academic and industrial researchers to have a solid understanding of this technology and how it can be applied to their respective fields. Whether you are a student, entrepreneur, or industry professional, this book will equip you with the knowledge and tools necessary to stay ahead of the curve in this rapidly evolving field.
Finally, the editors are prominent researchers from world‐class industries and academic institutions. Their selection of the topics is engaging and thought‐provoking, while also ensuring that the content is informative and well‐researched. They understand the importance of balancing current trends with timeless themes that will have lasting relevance as well as opportunities for industrial adoption.
Prof Mischa DohlerVP Emerging TechnologiesEricsson Inc, Silicon Valley, US
Advisory Board FCC (TAC) & Ofcom (Spectrum)Visiting Professor, King's College London, UK
