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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Serie: Forensic Science in Focus
- Sprache: Englisch
BURNT HUMAN REMAINS An all-encompassing reference and guide designed for professionals involved in the forensic analysis of burnt remains Burnt Human Remains: Recovery, Analysis and Interpretation presents an in-depth multidisciplinary approach to the detection, recovery, analysis, and identification of thermally altered remains. Bridging the gap between research and practice, this invaluable one-stop reference provides detailed coverage of analytical techniques in forensic medicine and pathology, forensic anthropology, forensic odontology, and forensic chemistry and forensic biology. Contributions from a panel of expert authors review the newest findings in forensics research and discuss their applicability to forensic case work. Opening with a historical overview of the discipline, the book covers the search and recovery aspects of burnt human remains, medico-legal investigations, determination of the post mortem interval of burnt remains, structural changes of burnt bone and teeth, DNA extraction from burnt remains, and much more. Throughout the text, the authors emphasize the importance of understanding the changes undergone by bodies when subjected to fire for establishing identity, reconstructing the events leading up to incineration, and determining the cause and manner of death. * Provides a systemic framework that integrates established forensic methods and state-of-the-art analytical approaches * Describes different forensic analyses from the macroscopical, microscopical, biochemical, and molecular level * Features international case studies of challenging individual cases as well as natural or man-made mass fatalities requiring the identification of incinerated remains * Demonstrates how changes to the macro- and microstructure of burnt remains can reveal information about incineration conditions * Discusses organizations and programs focused on developing standards and best practice for the recovery and analysis burnt remains Burnt Human Remains: Recovery, Analysis and Interpretation is an indispensable resource for all practitioners engaged in the interpretation of burned human tissue, including pathologists, forensic chemists, forensic biologists, forensic anthropologists, forensic odontologists, and archaeologists.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023
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EDITED BY
Sarah EllinghamInternational Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, Switzerland
Joe Adserias-GarrigaMercyhurst University, Pennsylvania, USA
Sara C. ZapicoNew Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey, USA Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
Douglas H. UbelakerSmithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
This edition first published 2023
© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
Hardback ISBN:9781119682608; ePub ISBN: 9781119682745; ePDF ISBN: 9781119682646; oBook ISBN: 9781119682691
Cover Image: Courtesy of Joe Adserias-Garriga
Cover Design: Wiley
Set in 10.5/13.5pt MeridienLTStd by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India
Contents
Cover
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
About the Editors
List of Contributors
Preface
Series Preface
1 History of the Study of Burnt Remains
1.1 Early Developments Prior to 1980
1.2 Post-1980 Advanced Experimentation and Casework
1.3 The 1990s: New Methods and Case Applications
1.4 Summary and Conclusions
References
Part 1 Search and Recovery of Burnt Human Remains from the Fire Scene
2 Fire Environments and Characteristic Burn Patterns of Human Remains from Four Common Types of Fatal Fire Scenes
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Experimental Research of Fire and Human Bodies
2.3 How the Human Body Burns
2.4 Variables of Fire Environments
2.5 Structure Fires
2.6 Burning Directly on the Floor
2.7 The Body on Furnishings: Couches and Chairs
2.8 The Body on Furnishings: Bed
2.9 Loss of the Floor
2.10 Collapse into a Lower Level
2.11 Vehicle Fires
2.12 Driver and Passenger Space
2.13 Rear Passenger Space with Bench Seats
2.14 Trunk Environment
2.15 Confined Space Fires
2.16 Outdoor Space Fires
2.17 Ignitable Liquids on Bodies
2.18 Burning Outdoor Debris Piles
2.19 Post-Fire Fragmentation of Burnt Bones
2.20 Suppression
2.21 Recovery and Transport from Fatal Fire Scenes
2.22 Conclusions
References
3 Recovery and Interpretation of Human Remains from Fatal Fire Scenes
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Summary of Fires in the USA
3.3 Statement of the Problem
3.4 Current Fatal Fire Victim Recovery Protocols
3.5 NIJ Protocols
3.6 Special Circumstances
3.7 Conclusions
References
4 Considerations to Maximize Recovery of Post-mortem Dental Information to Facilitate Identification of Severely Incinerated Human Remains
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Identification
4.3 Documentation
4.4 Preparation
4.5 Prepacked Scene Equipment
4.6 Scene Arrival
4.7 Safety Issues
4.8 Overall Scene Evaluation
4.9 Considerations Regarding DNA Evidence
4.10 Considerations Regarding Dental Evidence
4.11 Moving the Victim
4.12 Conclusions
References
Part 2 Examination and Identification of Burnt Human Remains
5 Methods for Analyzing Burnt Human Remains
5.1 Anthropological Methods for Classifying Burnt Remains
5.2 Medicolegal Classification Methods
5.3 Need for New Model within the Forensic Sciences
5.4 A New Classification System
5.5 Best Practices in Applying this New Model
5.6 Case Study #1
5.7 Case Study #2
5.8 Case Study #3
5.9 Case Study #4
5.10 Case Study #5
5.11 Broader Implications
5.12 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
6 Burnt Human Remains and Forensic Medicine
6.1 Fire Death Statistics
6.2 Statistics of Manner of Fire-Related Deaths
6.2.1 Prevalence of Self-Immolation
6.2.2 Prevalence of Criminal Immolation
6.3 Fire Damage to the Body
6.4 Classification of the Degree of Fire Damage
6.5 Medicolegal Determination of Cause of Death
6.6 Medicolegal Determination of Manner of Death
6.7 The Use of Post-Mortem Imaging for the Analysis of Burn Victims
6.8 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
7 Skeletal Alteration of Burnt Remains through Fire Exposure
7.1 Assessment of the Severity of the Thermal Damage in the Forensic Context
7.2 Soft Tissue Alterations by Fire Exposure
7.3 Bone Alteration by Fire Exposure
7.4 Teeth Alteration by Fire Exposure
7.5 Signature Changes in Skeletal Elements after Cremation
7.6 Conclusions
References
8 Challenges of Biological Profile Estimation from Burnt Remains
8.1 Why Does Burning Affect Methods of Identification?
8.2 How Does the Context of Burning Impede the Creation of Biological Profiles?
8.3 Challenges of Biological Profile Estimation of Burnt Remains
8.3.1 Morphological Methods
8.3.2 Metric Methods
8.3.3 Other Approaches to Biological Profile Estimation
8.4 Conclusions
References
9 Victim Identification: The Role of Incinerated Dental Materials
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Microstructural Changes in Teeth after Incineration
9.3 Structural Changes Due to Restorative Procedures
9.4 Case Reports
9.4.1 Case Report 1: Airline Crash
9.4.2 Case Report 2: Double Homicide
9.5 Conclusions
References
10 Techniques for the Differentiation of Blunt Force, Sharp Force, and Gunshot Traumas from Heat Fractures in Burnt Remains
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Bone Fracture Biomechanics: Fresh Bone
10.3 Bone Fracture Biomechanics: Stages of Thermal Damage
10.4 Heat Fractures
10.5 Blunt Force Trauma in Burnt Remains
10.6 Sharp Force Trauma in Burnt Remains
10.7 Gunshot Trauma in Burnt Remains
10.8 Case Study: 3D Modelling of Traumatic and Heat Fractures in Cranial and Irregular Bone
10.9 Discussion
10.10 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Permissions
References
Part 3 Analytical Approaches to the Analysis of Burnt Bone
11 Biochemical Alterations of Bone Subjected to Fire
11.1 The Biological and Chemical Makeup of Fresh Bone
11.1.1 Introduction
11.2 Bone Transformation When Subjected to Heat
11.3 Analytical Approaches to Observing Bone Transformation
11.3.1 Colorimetry
11.3.2 SEM-EDX
11.3.3 Fourier Transform Infrared-Spectroscopy
11.3.4 Raman Spectroscopy
11.3.5 X-Ray Diffraction
11.3.6 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
11.3.7 Amino Acid Racemization
11.4 DNA
11.5 Changes to the Bone at Different Temperatures
11.5.1 100°C Exposure
11.5.2 200°C Exposure
11.5.3 300°C Exposure
11.5.4 400°C Exposure
11.5.5 500°C Exposure
11.5.6 600°C Exposure
11.5.7 700°C Exposure
11.5.8 800°C Exposure
11.5.9 900°C Exposure
11.5.10 1000°C Exposure
11.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
12 DNA Profiling from Burnt Remains
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Research Studies on Burnt Remains
12.3 Forensic Cases
12.4 Alternative Approaches and New Technologies
12.4.1 Assessment of DNA Damage
12.4.2 Alternatives for DNA Extraction
12.4.3 New Technologies
12.5 Conclusions
References
13 Applying Colorimetry to the Study of Low Temperature Thermal Changes in Bone
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Colorimetry
13.3 Challenges of Colorimetry
13.4 Case Study
13.5 Conclusion
References
14 The Use of Histology to Distinguish Animal from Human Burnt Bone with Reference to Some Limitations
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Bone Tissue
14.2.1 Primary Bone Tissue
14.2.2 Secondary Bone
14.3 Vertebrate Histology
14.4 Burnt Bone Histology
14.5 Case Study for Comparison of Histology of Cremated Bone
14.5.1 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis for Case Study
14.6 Discussion
14.7 Conclusion
References
15 Isotope Analysis from Cremated Remains
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Infrared Analyses
15.3 Radiocarbon Dating
15.4 Isotope Analyses
15.4.1 Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Ratios
15.4.2 Strontium Isotope Ratios and Concentrations
15.5 Archaeological Case Studies
15.5.1 Stonehenge
15.5.2 Meuse Basin, Belgium and the Netherlands
15.6 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
16 The Application of Imaging to Heat-Induced Bone
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Technological Progression
16.3 The Current Technology
16.3.1 Two-Dimensional Imaging
16.3.2 Three-Dimensional Imaging
16.4 The Application of Imaging to Heat-Induced and Burnt Bodies
16.4.1 Locating and Identifying Burnt Bone
16.4.2 Visual Capture and Documentation for Recording and Archiving
16.4.3 Quantifying and Analyzing Burnt Remains
16.4.4 Reconstruction
16.4.5 Ethical and Legal Considerations within the Forensic Context
16.5 Discussion and Conclusion
References
17 The First Reference Collection for the Research of Burnt Human Skeletal Remains Stemming from the 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection (Portugal)
17.1 Introduction
17.1.1 The Challenge Posed by Burnt Skeletal Remains
17.1.2 Changing the Paradigm
17.1.3 The 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection
17.1.4 Preparing the Skeletons
17.1.5 Composition of the Collection
17.2 Research Potential
17.3 Final Comments
Acknowledgments
References
Part 4 Case Studies
18 Analysis of Burnt Human Remains: Statistical Perspectives from Casework in Forensic Anthropology
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Materials and Methods
18.3 Results
18.4 Discussion
18.5 Conclusions
Literature Cited
19 The Challenge of Burnt Remains from the Brazilian "Microwave Oven"
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Brazilian Homicide Rates
19.3 The Relationship between Homicide and Drugs
19.4 The “Microwave Oven” Modality of Death / Disposability of Human Remains
19.4 Phases of Rubber Tire Combustion
19.5 The Challenges of Investigating “Microwave Oven” Deaths
19.6 The Role of Forensic Anthropology
19.6.1 Case Study 1
19.6.2 Case Study 2
19.7 Conclusion
Conflicts of Interest
Ethical Approval
Acknowledgments
References
20 Recovery and Identification of Fatal Fire Victims from the 2018 Northern California Camp Fire Disaster
20.1 Overview of the Camp Fire
20.2 Wildfire Burn Environments and Condition of Remains
20.3 Field to Morgue: What’s Important for Identification Efforts?
20.4 Morgue Identification
20.5 Conclusions
References
21 Recovery and Identification of Burnt Remains in a Military Theatre of Operations: The Warrior Six
21.1 Introduction
21.1.1 Improvised Explosive Devices and Blast Injuries
21.1.2 The Effects of Heat on Bone
21.2 Background to the Case
21.3 Assessment of the Vehicle and Recovered Remains
21.4 Excavation Strategy and Methodology
21.5 Examination of the Remains in the Temporary Mortuary
21.6 Examinations in the Role 3 Hospital
21.6.1 Soldier A
21.6.2 Soldier B
21.6.3 Soldier C
21.6.4 Soldier D
21.6.5 Soldier E
21.6.6 Soldier F
21.7 Post-mortem Examinations and Positive Identification in the UK
21.8 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
22 Volcanoes, Bones, and Heat: The Case of the AD 79 Victims of Vesuvius
22.1 Introduction
22.2 The AD 79 Eruption of Vesuvius
22.3 The Date of the Eruption
22.4 Historical and Archaeological Context of the Discovery
22.5 Bioarchaeological and Taphonomic Study
22.6 The Causes of Death
22.7 The Most Recent Studies
22.8 An Exceptional DiscoveryEnd User License Agreement
22.9 Conclusions
References
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
CHAPTER 04
Table 4.1 Prepacked contents of rucksack.
Table 4.2 Stabilizing materials.
CHAPTER 06
Table 6.1 Destruction of the...
CHAPTER 11
Table 11.1 FTIR band assignments...
Table 11.2 Ramen band assignments...
CHAPTER 14
Table 14.1 Comparison of qualitative...
Table 14.2 Comparison of quantitative...
CHAPTER 17
Table 17.1 Sex, age at...
CHAPTER 18
Table 18.1 All cases by...
Table 18.2 Cases with reports...
Table 18.3 All cases by...
Table 18.4 Cases displaying evidence...
Table 18.5 Anatomical regions with...
List of Illustrations
CHAPTER 02
Figure 2.1 The sequence of...
Figure 2.2 The sequence of...
Figure 2.3 The sequence of...
Figure 2.4 The sequence of...
Figure 2.5 The sequence of...
Figure 2.6 The sequence of...
Figure 2.7 The sequence of...
Figure 2.8 The sequence of...
Figure 2.9 The sequence of...
Figure 2.10 The sequence of...
Figure 2.11 The sequence of...
Figure 2.12 The sequence of...
Figure 2.13 The sequence of...
CHAPTER 03
Figure 3.1 Residential structure fire...
Figure 3.2 FAR excavation by...
Figure 3.3 Remains excavated and...
Figure 3.4 Fragmented and fragile...
Figure 3.5 Left: skeletal homunculus...
Figure 3.6 Cremated remains that...
Figure 3.7 Forensic anthropologists hand...
Figure 3.8 Scaled, hand-drawn...
Figure 3.9 Example of shielding...
Figure 3.10 Comparison of the...
CHAPTER 04
Figure 4.1 A prepacked rucksack...
Figure 4.2 Safety apparatus to...
Figure 4.3 Distinct cranial suture...
Figure 4.4 A close-up...
Figure 4.5 Burnt maxilla with...
Figure 4.6 Radiograph of sheep...
Figure 4.7 Head wrapped in...
CHAPTER 05
Figure 5.1 Individual #1 with...
Figure 5.1a Individual #1 with...
Figure 5.1b Individual #1 with...
Figure 5.1c Individual #1 with...
Figure 5.2 Individual #2 with...
Figure 5.2a Individual #2 with...
Figure 5.2b Individual #2 with...
Figure 5.2c Individual #2 with...
Figure 5.2d Individual #2 in...
Figure 5.3 Individual #3 with...
Figure 5.3a Individual #3 with...
Figure 5.3b Individual #3 exhibiting...
Figure 5.3c Individual #3 with...
Figure 5.4 Individual #4 with...
Figure 5.4a Individual #4 with...
Figure 5.4b Individual #4 with...
Figure 5.4c Individual #4 with...
Figure 5.5 Individual #5 with...
Figure 5.5a Individual #5 with...
Figure 5.5b Individual #5 with...
Figure 5.5c Individual #5 with...
CHAPTER 06
Figure 6.1 Fire deaths per...
Figure 6.2 Heat induced tightening...
Figure 6.3 Trachea with the...
Figure 6.4 Heat hematoma (©...
Figure 6.5 a)–c): CT scan...
CHAPTER 07
Figure 7.1 Bone color progression...
Figure 7.2 Heat-induced fractures...
Figure 7.3 Heat-induced changes...
Figure 7.4 Process of commercial...
Figure 7.5 Process of commercial...
Figure 7.6 Position of the...
Figure 7.7 Body cremation in...
Figure 7.8 Mandible fragment preserving...
Figure 7.9 Rib fragmentation and...
Figure 7.10 Sacrum recovered after...
Figure 7.11 Humeri recovered after...
Figure 7.12 Post-cremation findings...
CHAPTER 09
Figure 9.1 Fresh enamel, etched...
Figure 9.2 High magnification image...
Figure 9.3 Incinerated enamel surface...
Figure 9.4a Fresh dentin. Some...
Figure 9.4b View parallel to...
Figure 9.5a Incinerated dentin (1000...
Figure 9.5b View parallel to...
Figure 9.6 Optical image of...
Figure 9.7 SEM image of...
Figure 9.8a Image taken from...
Figure 9.8b Image from the...
Figure 9.9 AM Bitewing...
Figure 9.10 AM Periapical.
Figure 9.11 PM Radiograph...
Figure 9.12 XRF display identifying...
Figure 9.13 Dental chart entry...
Figure 9.14 Recovered right mandibular...
Figure 9.15 Periapical radiograph of...
Figure 9.16 Distal root tooth...
Figure 9.17 Stereomicroscope view of...
Figure 9.18 200x SEM view...
Figure 9.19 700X view of...
Figure 9.20 Energy Dispersive Spectrogram...
Figure 9.21 Presumed victim dental...
Figure 9.22 Victim A...
Figure 9.23 Victim B.
Figure 9.24 Recovered fractured crowns...
Figure 9.25 Pre-treatment image...
Figure 9.26 Post-treatment Procera...
Figure 9.27 Labial view of...
Figure 9.28 Palatal view of...
Figure 9.29 Labial view of...
Figure 9.30 Palatal view of...
CHAPTER 10
Figure 10.1 Pugilistic pose with...
Figure 10.2 Heat-related fractures...
Figure 10.3 Illustration of femoral...
Figure 10.4 A and B...
Figure 10.5 A and B...
Figure 10.6 Bubble wrap texture...
Figure 10.7 “Islands”...
CHAPTER 11
Figure 11.1a FTIR spectra of...
Figure 11.1b FTIR spectra of...
Figure 11.1c FTIR spectra of...
Figure 11.2a Average TGA curves...
Figure 11.2b Average DSC curves...
Figure 11.2c Average TGA first...
Figure 11.3a Total amino acid...
Figure 11.3b Amino acid concentration...
CHAPTER 12
Figure 12.1 Summary of the...
CHAPTER 13
Figure 13.1 Depiction of CIELAB...
Figure 13.2 Metaphysis L* and...
Figure 13.3 Mottled metaphyseal bone...
CHAPTER 14
Figure 14.1 Examples of each...
Figure 14.2 Images of species...
CHAPTER 15
Figure 15.1 Experimental pyre from...
Figure 15.2 C/C vs...
Figure 15.3 Maps with the...
Figure 15.4 Radiocarbon dates obtained...
Figure 15.5 Potential carbon exchanges...
Figure 15.6 Carbon and oxygen...
Figure 15.7 A midmodiolar section...
Figure 15.8 Geographic assignments of...
Figure 15.9 Strontium isotope ratios...
CHAPTER 16
Figure 16.1 Flowchart illustrating choices...
Figure 16.2 Photograph illustrating the...
Figure 16.3 Depiction of a...
Figure 16.4 A mesh comparison...
Figure 16.5 Representation of increasing...
Figure 16.6 Representation of surface...
CHAPTER 17
Figure 17.1 Unburnt left femur...
Figure 17.2 Unburnt left foot...
Figure 17.3 The diagram depicts...
Figure 17.4 Containers of the...
Figure 17.5 Burnt antimere of...
CHAPTER 19
Figure 19.1 Crime scene comprised...
Figure 19.2 Soap opera “...
Figure 19.3 A man suspected...
Figure 19.4 Human remains surrounded...
Figure 19.5 Radiological examination of...
Figure 19.6 Cross section of...
Figure 19.7 Cranial reconstruction (anterior...
Figure 19.8 Skeletal elements cleaned...
Figure 19.9 Posterior view of...
Figure 19.10 The adjacent areas...
Figure 19.11 Detail of six...
Figure 19.12 Partly carbonized corpse...
Figure 19.13 Sharp-force trauma...
Figure 19.14 Skull and mandible...
Figure 19.15 Skull and mandible...
Figure 19.16 Adaptation of the...
Figure 19.17 Sagittal section showing...
Figure 19.18 Points of similarity...
Figure 19.19 Coincident images in...
Figure 19.20 Coincident images in...
CHAPTER 20
Figure 20.1 Cal Fire map...
Figure 20.2 Burnt residential structure...
Figure 20.3 Debris removal from...
Figure 20.4 Excavation in progress...
Figure 20.5 Use of wet...
CHAPTER 21
Figure 21.1 Location of incident...
Figure 21.2 The Warrior vehicle...
Figure 21.3 Design of a...
Figure 21.4 Exterior of Warrior...
Figure 21.5 Inside the vehicle...
Figure 21.6 Plan drawing of...
Figure 21.7 Excavation of Zone...
Figure 21.8 Tent housing the...
Figure 21.9 RMP photographer / exhibits...
Figure 21.10 Examination of smaller...
Figure 21.11 Calcined distal end...
Figure 21.12 Calcined tooth root...
CHAPTER 22
Figure 22.1 The archaeological site...
Figure 22.2 Sectional view of...
Figure 22.3 Human victims crowding...
Figure 22.4 Remains of the...
Figure 22.5 Fiberglass cast of...
Figure 22.6 The waterfront chambers...
Figure 22.7 Red mineral incrustations...
Figure 22.8 Skeletons showing “...
Figure 22.9 Pugilistic attitude of...
Figure 22.10 Footprints in volcanic...
Figure 22.11 Thermal effects in...
Figure 22.12 Thermal effects on...
Figure 22.13 Brain ash casts...
Figure 22.14 Thick layer of...
Figure 22.15 The AD 79...
Figure 22.16 Vitrified fragment of...
Figure 22.17 SEM image of...
Guide
Cover
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
About the Editors
List of Contributors
Preface
Series Preface
Begin Reading
Index
End User License Agreement
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About the Editors
Sarah Ellingham, PhD, is a Forensic Coordinator for the ICRC. Since joining the ICRC in 2016, she has worked in several contexts in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East in active and post-conflict settings. Sarah is a forensic anthropologist, certified by the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Cert-FA-II), a Steering Committee Member of the British Association for Forensic Anthropology (BAFA), and an active member of the Interpol DVI Sub-Working Group for Anthropology and Pathology. Sarah obtained her PhD. on the biochemical analysis of burnt bone from Teesside University in 2015. She further holds an MSc in Forensic Anthropology, a BSc in Forensic Sciences, and is working towards an MSc in Psychology. Her research interests mainly focus on the analysis of burnt remains, disaster victim identification, and forensic humanitarian action. Sarah has authored several peer-reviewed scientific publications and was awarded the J.L. Angel Award for her research in 2016.
Joe Adserias-Garriga, PhD, DDS, D-ABFO, is a forensic anthropologist and odontologist from Spain. She received a Police Decoration for her contribution to casework from the Mossos d´Esquadra (Catalonian Police). Dr. Adserias-Garriga was involved in the identification of decedent border crossers as a forensic anthropologist at the Forensic Anthropology Center, Texas State University. She is a member of the ADA Standards Committee on Forensic Odontology and OSAC. Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Odontology, member of the Board of Governors in the American Society of Forensic Odontology (ASFO), and ASFO President (2022). Member of the Board of Directors of the International Association of Coroners and Medical Examiners and a member of the INTERPOL DVI Odontology as well as Pathology-Anthropology Sub-Working Group. She is a Forensic Odontology consultant for the National Center of Missing and Exploited Children. Dr. Adserias-Garriga is an Assistant Professor of the Department of Applied Forensic Sciences at Mercyhurst University.
Sara C. Zapico, PhD, ABC-MB, is an assistant professor at the Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science at New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey. She is also a research collaborator in the Department of Anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. Before NJIT, she was the graduate program director of the Professional Science Master’s in Forensic Science (PSM-FS) and assistant teaching professor at Florida International University, in Miami, Florida. She also served as an associate at the International Committee of the Red Cross in Geneva, Switzerland. She has authored 30 peer-reviewed scientific publications and edited two books in the fields of biomedical sciences, forensic biochemistry, forensic anthropology, and humanitarian forensic action. Her research interests focus on the application of biochemical techniques to forensic anthropology issues such as age-at-death estimation and the determination of post-mortem interval, with implications on aging and biomedical sciences.
Douglas H. Ubelaker, PhD, D-ABFA, is a curator and senior scientist at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC, and an adjunct professor at Michigan State University He has reported on over 980 forensic cases in his specialty of forensic anthropology and testified in numerous legal proceedings. Ubelaker has published extensively in the general field of human skeletal biology, with an emphasis on forensic applications and has served on the editorial boards of numerous leading scientific publications. He was the elected 2011–2012 President of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences and has received numerous honors from international organizations.
List of Contributors
Eric Bartelink, PhD, D-ABFA, is a Professor of Anthropology and co-Director of the Human Identification Laboratory at California State University, Chico. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology, a certified instructor for California’s Peace Officers Standards and Training, and current Vice-chair of the Organization of Scientific Area Committees’ Anthropology Subcommittee under NIST. He is co-author of Forensic Anthropology: Current Methods and Practice, Introduction to Physical Anthropology, Essentials of Physical Anthropology, and co-editor of New Perspectives in Forensic Human Skeletal Identification.
John Berketa, PhD, is a senior forensic odontologist and scene team leader in Disaster Victim Identification in South Australia. Following the 2009 Victorian bushfire disaster he has conducted intensive research into maximizing post-mortem information of severely incinerated victims. He has attended many fire disaster scenes and has published various articles in national and international journals and book chapters. As well as a PhD., he has been recognized with various awards and is known as a global authority in the application of stabilization of incinerated dental remains. He is a postgraduate supervisor at the University of Adelaide, is on the scientific committee of International Organization of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology (IOFOS) and a peer reviewer of over a dozen forensic journals. He is a member of many forensic societies and regularly presents to both national and international organizations including Interpol, the Australian Society of Forensic Odontology, the American Academy of Forensic Science (AAFS) and the International Organization of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology (IOFOS).
Mary A. Bush, DDS, is an Associate Professor and Associate Dean for Students, Community, and Professional Initiatives at SUNY at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine. She is Past President of the American Society of Forensic Odontology and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. She is on the Editorial Board for the Journal of Forensic Science, has published numerous articles, has contributed to various textbooks, and lectures widely on the topic of forensic odontology, including an invited presentation at a congressional hearing on Capitol Hill. Dr. Bush has served on NIST’s OSAC Odontology Subcommittee and the American Academy of Forensic Sciences Standards Board for Pattern Evidence.
Peter J. Bush, BS, is Director of the South Campus Instrument Center at the State University of New York School of Dental Medicine. He is a co-founder for the Laboratory for Forensic Odontology Research and a Fellow of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences. He is a member of the Research Committee for the American Society of Forensic Odontology. Peter Bush has worked in many scientific fields, including Forensic Odontology. He has published over 80 articles and his work is referenced in numerous sources, including the NASA website.
Luis L. Cabo, PhD, received his Bachelor of Science degree in Biology, with a specialization in Zoology, from the University of Oviedo (Asturias, Spain). He also earned his master’s degree in Biology, in addition to receiving his National Pedagogy and Teaching Certificate, from the University of Oviedo. His position as a researcher in both the Biology and Geology departments of The University of Oviedo provided Cabo with a vast amount of experience and knowledge in the fields of biology, paleoanthropology, archaeology, and geology. He has participated in over two dozen archaeological and paleontological field and laboratory projects. Cabo began his career at Mercyhurst, participating in the Summer Forensic Anthropology Short Courses. Since joining the Mercyhurst staff in 2003, Cabo, the Director of the Forensic and Bioarchaeology Laboratory, has assisted in the recovery and analysis of more than 200 forensic cases. He currently also serves as the primary graduate student research advisor.
Melina Calmon Silva, PhD, is a Brazilian forensic anthropologist. She is the vice-coordinator of the research group Forensic Anthropology and Identification of Persons, at the National Academy of Police, Federal Police of Brazil. She has worked as a Forensic Specialist for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Baghdad, Iraq, and as a Forensic Consultant for ICRC in Brazil. Dr. Calmon obtained her MA and PhD. in Anthropology from Tulane University in 2019, focusing on the role of forensic anthropology in the investigation of missing and unidentified persons cases. She is the Co-PI of the first taphonomy facility project in central Brazil. She holds the position of Executive Secretary at the Brazilian Association of Forensic Anthropology (ABRAF) 2020 / 2022 and is a member of the Anthropology Consensus Body at the American Academy of Forensic Sciences Standards Board. Dr. Calmon authored several peer-reviewed scientific publications and book chapters.
Rachael M. Carew, PhD, is a UK Certified Forensic Anthropologist (Cert-III) with the Royal Anthropological Institute and specializes in 3D printing skeletal models. Currently a lecturer in forensic science at Coventry University, Rachael gained her PhD. in Forensic Anthropology and Forensic Science from University College London (UCL) where she investigated the metrology and ethics of 3D printing for forensic anthropology evidence reconstruction. She also holds a BSc (Hons) in Forensic Science from University of the West of England (UWE), an MSc in Forensic Archaeology and Anthropology from Cranfield University, and is an Associate of the Chartered Society of Forensic Science and Secretary of the British Association for Forensic Anthropology (BAFA). With multiple publications in 3D reconstruction techniques, Rachael co-founded a 3D expert network group with the UK Forensic Capability Network to develop protocols for police casework. Rachael also consults internationally on 3D modelling and 3D printing research and applications in forensic science.
Eugénia Cunha, PhD, C-FASE, is a forensic anthropologist and the Director of the South Delegation of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal. She has been a full professor at the University of Coimbra since 2003, where she created and co-coordinates the Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology. She is a co-founder and former President of FASE-Forensic Anthropology Society of Europe (2009–2016); Vice-President and founder member of ABRAF (Associação Brasileira de Antropologia Forense); Fellow of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences; Member of the Pathology and Anthropology Sub-group at the Interpol DVI Working Group; Roster member of JRR, Justice Rapid Response.
She has published extensively on forensic anthropology and skeletal biology. She has reported on about 500 forensic cases. To this date, 20 PhD. students have already completed their PhD. under her supervision. Her research interests include, among others, identification and age at death.
Cassandra M. DeGaglia, MA, is a PhD. student in the Department of Anthro-pology at Tulane University. She holds a BS in Biological Anthropology from the George Washington University and an MA in Anthropology from Mississippi State University. Additionally, she has been involved with research at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History in Washington, DC, since 2014. Her work spans a variety of topics in biological anthropology and includes projects relating to forensic anthropology, paleopathology, and paleodemography, and the ethical use of museum collections in anthropology.
Dennis C. Dirkmaat, PhD, D-ABFA, has been a board-certified forensic anthropologist since 1996. He was awarded the first (2020) Outstanding Mentor Award in the Anthropology Section of the AAFS. He is the 2021 winner of the AAFS’ T. Dale Stewart Award for lifetime achievement in Forensic Anthropology. Dr. Dirkmaat is the Chair of the undergraduate program in Applied Forensic Sciences and the Master of Science in Anthropology graduate program at Mercyhurst University. Since 1986, Dr. Dirkmaat has conducted nearly 1000 forensic anthropology cases and has testified in court over 28 times as an expert witness. Chair of the Search and Recovery Committee of the Scientific Working Group-Disaster Victim Identification (SWG-DVI) group and co-chair of the Anthropology Committee of SWG-DVI (FBI, NIJ). Committee member of the Disaster Victim Identification Subcommittee OSAC. Dr. Dirkmaat has participated as a primary forensic anthropologist with the US Federal Government’s Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team (DMORT).
Peter Ellis, OAM, MB, FRCPA, is a forensic pathologist who has worked in Sydney and Queensland, Australia. He has extensive experience in all aspects of forensic pathology and is Adjunct Professor in Forensic Medicine and Pathology at Griffith University.
He has a special interest in identification science and has actively participated in numerous mass fatality incidents in Australia, New Zealand, and in SE Asia. He was the lead Australian pathologist for the Tsunami response in late 2004 and has also worked on forensic operations in Kosovo, East Timor, and Sri Lanka. He was the consulting forensic pathologist to the WW1 Fromelles mass grave project based in northern France. He has worked as the Chair of the Interpol DVI Pathology / anthropology sub-working group and has lectured extensively in Australia and SE Asia.
David Errickson, PhD, is a senior lecturer in forensic archaeology and anthropology at Cranfield University, United Kingdom. He is a certified forensic anthropologist (Cert-III) with the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (RAI), an Associate of the Chartered Institute for Archaeologists (ACIfA), and a lead archaeologist for Cranfield’s Recovery and Identification of Conflict Casualties Team (CRICC) who partner with the Defense Prisoner of War / Missing in Action Accounting Agency (DPAA). David gained his PhD. from Teesside University, UK, where he investigated the application of 3D imaging to forensic anthropological context, including the display of information within the court. He further holds an MSc in Forensic Archaeology and Crime Scene Investigation, a BSc in Archaeology, and a Diploma in Professional Archaeology Studies. David has a substantial number of publications relating to 3D documentation in both anthropological and archaeological contexts.
Maria Teresa Ferreira, PhD, holds a PhD. in Anthropology, branch of Forensic Anthropology, and is Assistant Professor in the Department of Life Sciences at the University of Coimbra. At present, she is Coordinator of the Master of Forensic Anthropology and Vice-Coordinator for the branch of Forensic Anthropology of the PhD. in Anthropology; Vice-coordinator of the Center for Functional Ecology – Science for People and the Planet; Co-curator of the 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection, Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra. She investigates mainly in the areas of Forensic Anthropology (namely, Forensic Taphonomy) and Bioarchaeology (in particular, slavery in the early days of Portuguese maritime expansion).
Hanna Friedlander, MA, is the Human Remains Analyst and Unidentified Remains Coordinator for the Michigan State Police (MSP), Missing Persons Coordination Unit. Her duties as the in-house forensic anthropologist include aiding federal, state, and local law enforcement in the search, detection, recovery, and identification of missing persons and unidentified remains within the State of Michigan. This includes cold case work, Native American (NAGPRA) repatriations, and the development and implementation of forensic anthropology trainings for law enforcement and other stakeholders. She is a responder for the Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC) Program through the MSP Emergency Management Homeland Security Division and Forensic Anthropological Consultant for Kenyon International Emergency Services. She completed her MA in Biological Anthropology at the University of Alberta. Her interests include heat-related bone alteration, trauma analysis, 3D technology pertaining to trauma analysis, and skeletal marker assessment utilized for the identification of unidentified remains.
Alison Galloway, PhD, D-ABFA, is Professor Emerita, University of California, Santa Cruz and a board-certified forensic anthropologist. Her research focuses on time since death, effects of traumatic injury, and the consequences of thermal damage to human remains. She is co-editor of The Evolving Female: A Life History Perspective, Broken Bones: Anthropological Analysis of Blunt Force Trauma, and Forensic Anthropology and the U.S. Judicial System. She continues to practice forensic casework in central California.
David Gonçalves, PhD, is a biological anthropologist at the Portuguese Directorate-General for Cultural Heritage. At the Archaeosciences Laboratory, he currently undertakes research in human bioarchaeology and provides expertise on the management of archaeological activity involving human remains. He has dedicated most of his research career to the study of burnt human bones and teeth and is the co-developer of the first ever reference collection composed of experimentally burnt skeletons which is housed at the Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology of the University of Coimbra. By combining macroscopic with physical-chemical analyses, David has been attempting to find new and more reliable methods of retrieving relevant information from human bones and teeth subjected to heat.
Denice Higgins, PhD, is a researcher and forensic odontologist at the University of Adelaide. She received her doctorate in forensic biology on DNA identification from degraded human teeth. Dr. Higgins also holds a Bachelor of Dental Surgery and a Graduate Diploma in Forensic Odontology. She is the Director of the Forensic Odontology Unit in Adelaide, providing services to Australian Government and Policing Agencies. She worked on several large-scale DVI events and further coordinates and teaches a Graduate Diploma course in Forensic Odontology and supervises research students. She chairs the Medical Sciences Scientific Working Group for the National Institute of Forensic Science, Australia and New Zealand Policing Advisory Agency and is the President of both the Australian Society of Forensic Odontology and the South Australian Branch of the Australian and New Zealand Forensic Science Society. Dr. Higgins is a fellow of both the International College of Dentists and the Pierre Fauchard Academy and is a member of the Australian Dental Association and the International Society for Forensic Genetics.
Kalyna Horocholyn, MA, was born and raised in Winnipeg, MB. From a young age, she has always been fascinated with stories, the connections between people, and the different ways that life histories are shared. Kalyna completed her Bachelor of Science in Bioarchaeology at the University of Winnipeg in 2010. She completed her Master of Arts in Anthropology at the University of Alberta in 2013, with her research focus on examining cremated remains for the purpose of microscopically identifying human remains from other larger mammalian remains. She attended McMaster University in Hamilton, ON, and obtained the title of PhD. Candidate before seeking new ways of connecting with people, as her interest in the dead had waned and she yearned to work with the living once more. Kalyna lives in Kitchener, ON, with her wife, Erin Horocholyn, and their three cats and one dog. Kalyna is now pursuing a professional career in social work with ambitions to become a counselor.
Ashley Kendell, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Anthropology and the Coordinator for the Certificate in Forensic Science at California State University, Chico. Having worked as a death investigator for five years, she offers extensive experience in medicolegal death investigation and her research spans the sub-disciplines of bioarcheology and forensic anthropology. She is also a certified POST instructor, teaching homicide investigation courses to regional and state law enforcement. Currently, she is a co-editor of a volume focused on wildfire response and victim recovery, which is nearing completion.
Haley Khosrowshahi, MA, is a museum professional living in Washington, DC. Her work at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in the Anthropology Department under forensic anthropologist Dr. Douglas H. Ubelaker fostered a passion for research and further exploring the forensic contributions to human rights. After finishing a BA in Archaeology at the George Washington University, Haley moved to California to pursue an MA in Museum Studies at the University of San Francisco. Her studies focused on cultural heritage, museum law, and different ways museums could engage visitors. Her thesis titled: “Transparency through Display: Using Orphaned Collections to Reconnect with Museum Audiences,” focused on how museum objects with unclear ownership could still be informative and tell a compelling narrative that museums should explore with new curatorial models.
Alexandra R. Klales, PhD, D-ABFA, is an Associate Professor of Forensic Anthropology at Washburn University and is the founder / director of the Washburn University Forensic Anthropology Recovery Unit (WU-FARU), which conducts forensic anthropological casework in Kansas and Missouri. She earned a BA in Anthropology from the University of Pittsburgh, MS in Forensic and Biological Anthropology from Mercyhurst University, and a PhD. in Anthropology from the University of Manitoba. Dr. Klales is a board-certified Diplomate (#123) of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology, a Member of the Anthropology Section of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, and editor of the journal Forensic Anthropology. Her research focuses on improving biological profile methods, understanding skeletal sexual dimorphism, and developing protocols for the forensic archaeological recovery of human remains. She teaches courses in biological anthropology, forensic anthropology, human skeletal biology, and forensic archaeology at Washburn University and as continuing education forensic anthropology short courses.
Calil Makhoul, MSc, is PhD. student in Anthropology, branch of Forensic Anthropology, in the University of Coimbra. He is an invited lecturer in the Superior Institute for Social and Political Sciences at the University of Lisbon. Currently, he is a forensic autopsy technician and a member of the DVI Portuguese team in the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Center Branch, in Coimbra. He is a level II certified forensic anthropologist of FASE-Forensic Anthropology Society of Europe. He investigates mainly in the areas of Forensic Anthropology (namely, commingled Human Burnt Remains) and Forensic Entomology (in particular, successional entomofauna).
Pamela Mayne Correia, MA, Pamela completed her MA at the University of Alberta. She is an academic at the University of Alberta, Anthropology Department. Her research interests are in the area of the analysis of cremated human skeletal material, trauma analysis, bone taphonomy and in human identification, problems related to cremation, taphonomy, and the identification of human remains using traditional histological methods. She is curator for the three museum collections managed by the Department of Anthropology. Pamela provides the core courses and instruction in forensic anthropology. She was the Chair of the Anthropology / Medical / Odontology Section of the Canadian Society of Forensic Sciences for ten years. She is a consulting forensic anthropologist for the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner and has contributed to numerous cases for the RCMP, Medical Examiner, and Archaeological Survey since 1989. As part of this work, Mayne Correia is involved in the Missing Children / Persons and Unidentified Human Remains Project in Alberta, as well as ongoing identification of human remains.
Alexandria McDaniel, MS, holds a BS in Anthropology with a minor in Criminal Justice and an MA in Bioarchaeology from the University of Indianapolis. She is a Medicolegal Investigator I at the Office of Chief Medical Examiner in New York City. She believes that investigating the death of an individual is important in providing crucial information that is essential for the criminal justice system and public health, but also providing a voice for those who cannot speak for themselves. She has her ABMDI Board Certification. She studied low thermal alterations of pig bone at sub-ignition point.
Raymond Miller, DDS, is the forensic dental consultant to the Office of the Erie County Medical Examiner in Buffalo, NY, and a Clinical Associate Professor at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine. He is a member of the Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team and deployed to the World Trade Center, Hurricane Katrina, and the crash of Flight 3407. Dr. Miller is a retired Lieutenant Colonel and served as the Base Dental Surgeon for the 107th Attack Wing of the New York Air National Guard. He has served as the Odontology Section Chair of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences and is the Vice-chair of the American Dental Association’s Standards Committee on Dental Informatics for Forensic Odontology. He has served as a forensic dental representative to the Disaster Victim Identification Subcommittee for the federal Organization of Scientific Area Committees and the American Academy of Forensic Sciences Standards Board.
Colleen Milligan, PhD, D-ABFA, is Professor and Chair of the Department of Anthropology at California State University, Chico. She is also Co-Director of the Human Identification Laboratory at Chico State. Dr. Milligan is a Diplomate of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology and a certified instructor for California’s Peace Officers Standards and Training. She has assisted California sheriff-coroner’s offices, state agencies, and federal agencies in casework and field recoveries. She is also currently a co-editor of two upcoming volumes focused on wildfire response and mass fatality management, and a bioarchaeological study of an anatomical waste deposit in post-Civil War San Francisco.
Megan Moore, PhD, D-ABFA, is an Associate Professor of Anthropology at Eastern Michigan University in Ypsilanti, Michigan. She is Diplomate #140 of the American Board of Forensic Anthropology and she is the Forensic Anthropology Consultant for southeastern Michigan. She received the Ronald W. Collins Distinguished Faculty Teaching Award in 2019 and the Distinguished Honors Faculty Award in 2017. She completed her PhD. in Biological Anthropology at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville in 2008 and her MS in Biological Anthropology from the University of Oregon. Her research interests include skeletal biology, functional morphology, sexual polymorphism of the pelvis, and skeletal pathology and trauma analysis.
Allison Nesbitt, PhD, is an Assistant Teaching Professor in the Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences in the School of Medicine at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri. She earned a master’s degree in Anthropology with a concentration in Forensic and Biological Anthropology from Mercyhurst University in Erie, Pennsylvania and a master’s and PhD. in Anthropology from Stony Brook University in Stony Brook, New York. Her work focuses on the evolutionary and developmental variation of the human skull, anatomy education in the health professions, and improving diversity and inclusion in biological anthropology and anatomy.
Pier Paolo Petrone, MSc, is head of the Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology at the University Federico II of Naples, Italy. He carried out several archaeological excavations of pre-protohistoric and historical sites in Italy, North Africa, and Asia. His studies mainly focus on the effects and causes of death of the victims of the Vesuvius eruptions. Research on sites buried by the AD 79 and OBA Avellino Pumices events has provided useful information for the mitigation of the volcanic risk that affects three million people in metropolitan Naples. The results of these studies, published in prestigious journals (Nature, PNAS, New England Journal of Medicine, PLoS ONE), have been reported in the world press and are the subject of several scientific documentaries (Discovery Channel, BBC, History Channel, National Geographic, etc.). In 2019, his project: “Genetic Exploration of the Population of Herculaneum in AD 79” was funded by the National Geographic Society with a Research Grant.
Kassandra Pointer, BA, B.Ed, is a multidisciplinary educator and continuing-education specialist currently residing in Lethbridge, Alberta. Ms. Pointer completed her Bachelor of Arts in Biological Anthropology at the University of Alberta in 2015, having culminated her degree by partaking in a human osteological dig through the Slavia Foundation in Poland. During her Bachelor of Arts, Kassandra completed her undergraduate honor thesis on the histological analysis of cremated human bone, along with Pamela Mayne Correia. In 2019, she obtained her Bachelor of Education in Science Education from the University of Lethbridge, where her love of human anatomy melded with her adoration for teaching. She is now a substitute teacher in high school science and teaches adult courses at a continuing education center.
Elayne Pope, PhD, is a Forensic Anthropologist who researches how the human body burns, for application to fatal fire casework. She received her doctorate from the University of Arkansas in 2007 for: “The Effects of Fire on Human Remains.” Dr. Pope has been a researcher and instructor for the San Luis Obispo Fire Investigation Strike Team (SLO FIST) Fatal Fire Death Investigation Course since 2008, where human cadavers are utilized to recreate fatal fire scenes (www.slofist.org). She worked as the Autopsy Supervisor and forensic anthropologist for six years at the Tidewater Office of the Chief Medical Examiner in Norfolk, Virginia. Dr. Pope is currently a forensic consultant and owner of Fatal Fire Forensics LLC.
(www.burnedbone.com) who specializes in legal / civil fatal fire case review and examinations, burn pattern analysis, skeletal trauma analysis, expert witness and testimony, training lectures and course instruction, and identification of fragmentary burnt bone (human vs. non-human / non-bone).
Julie Roberts, PhD, ChFA, is a Chartered Forensic Anthropologist (Cert FA-I) and archaeologist with over 20 years of practitioner experience in the excavation, analysis, and interpretation of burnt human remains. She received her PhD. from the University of Glasgow for her research into war crimes against children in Kosovo and Bosnia-Herzegovina in the 1990s. She is current Chair of the British Association for Forensic Anthropology, and the forensic anthropology coordinator for UK DVI, the national capability of the UK police service to respond to mass fatality incidents. She is company Scientific Advisor for Alecto Forensic Services, and a Visiting Research Fellow in the Faculty of Science at Liverpool John Moores University. Her research interests include analysis of factors which influence DNA success rates in mass fatality incidents, multidisciplinary approaches to improve identification rates in forensic and humanitarian contexts, and interpreting sequences of events in burnt and dismembered remains.
Christopher W. Schmidt, PhD, received his PhD. in Biological Anthropology from Purdue University in 1998. His research areas include the study of human teeth and the study of burnt human remains. His books include: Long on the Tooth, Dental Wear in Evolutionary and Biocultural Contexts, co-edited with Jim Watson, and two editions of Analysis of Burned Human Remains, co-edited with Steve Symes. His primary area of research is dental microwear texture analysis, although he has published on a wide range of topics including Neandertal diet, paleopathology, historic cemeteries, bone tools, and tissue rehydration. The journals in which he has published are, likewise, diverse and include Paleoanthropology, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, North American Archaeologist, Physics Today, Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties, and the Journal of Forensic Sciences.
Austin A. Shamlou, MSc, attended The George Washington University and graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Biological Anthropology. During her time in Washington, DC, she volunteered at the National Museum of Natural History, assisting Dr. Ubelaker on a few of his projects. In the summers of 2017 and 2018 she participated in three field schools in Austria, Romania, and Poland, emphasizing her passions for osteology and bioarchaeology. Shamlou then attended Boston University School of Medicine and received her MSc in Forensic Anthropology. Her thesis research focused on frontal sinus variations as seen on computed tomography scans. Her current research interests are around human osteology and variation, digital data and distribution, as well as diversity and inclusion within the field.
Christophe Snoeck, PhD, is a Research Professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB, Belgium), and the head of the Brussels Bioarchaeology Lab (BB-LAB – www.bb-lab.be). He combines his multidisciplinary expertise in bioarchaeology and isotope geochemistry to answer key archaeological questions, with a particular focus on populations that practiced cremation. Since January 2018, he has also been the Scientific Coordinator of the CRUMBEL project - Cremation, Urns and Mobility: population dynamics in BELgium (www.crumbel.org), funded by the Belgian Excellence of Science program (EoS). And since 2021, with the start of his ERC Starting Grant LUMIERE (www.erclumiere.be), he aims to develop new proxies for the study of charred and calcined bone to answer questions of mobility and landscape use at the European level.
Rebecca Stone-Gordon, MSc, holds a BA in History and Anthropology and an interdisciplinary MS in audio technology and visual media from American University, in Washington, DC. She is currently working on an MA in Public Anthropology (Biological Anthropology and Archaeology) at the same university. Her research areas include feminist theory, disability studies, the history of anatomy, archaeology, and horror film and literature. She specializes in representations of anthropology, archaeology, and mummies in Anglo-American feature films. She is also involved in interdisciplinary forensic projects at the Smithsonian Institution. She is the director of volunteer management for the Museum of Science Fiction.
Tim J.U. Thompson, PhD, is Dean of Health and Life Sciences and Professor of Applied Biological Anthropology at Teesside University. He has been practicing, researching, and teaching forensic anthropology for over 20 years, and has published over 70 peer-reviewed papers, chapters, and books. He is an expert in the effect of burning on the skeleton and previously published The Archaeology of Cremation. He was Editor-in-Chief of the journal Science & Justice and the Journal of Forensic & Legal Medicine, is a Fellow of five professional bodies, and holds a prestigious National Teaching Fellowship for excellence in teaching and the support for learning. In 2021 he was appointed President Elect of the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences.
Yara Vieira Lemos, MSc, holds a BSc in Medicine and MSc in Health Sciences. She is a Certified Specialist in Legal Medicine. She is a Medical Examiner at the Civil Police of Minas Gerais, working mainly at the Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology and Applied Thanatology. She is also a roster member of JRR (Justice Rapid Response) and Assistant Professor at the Medical Sciences College of Minas Gerais. She was elected 2020–2022 President of the Brazilian Association of Forensic Anthropology (ABRAF) and is also an associated editor of the Brazilian Journal of Forensic Anthropology and Legal Medicine.
P. Willey, PhD, D-ABFA,
