Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1193

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2023

Beschreibung

Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils A comprehensive guide to a cutting-edge and cost-effective refinement process for heavy oil Oil sufficiently viscous that it cannot flow normally from production wells is called heavy oil and constitutes as much as 70% of global oil reserves. Extracting and refining this oil can pose significant challenges, including very high transportation costs. As a result, processes which produce and partially refine heavy oil in situ, known as catalytic upgrading, are an increasingly important part of the heavy oil extraction process, and the reduced carbon footprint associated with these methods promises to make them even more significant in the coming years. Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils provides a comprehensive introduction to these processes. It introduces the properties and characteristics of heavy and extra-heavy oil before discussing different catalysts and catalyzing processes, their mechanisms and underlying physics, and more. It offers the full sweep of description and analysis required for petroleum and chemical engineers to understand this vital aspect of the modern oil industry. Readers will also find: Detailed discussion of subjects including electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and more * Analysis of both liquid catalysts and nanoparticle catalysts * A numerical simulation of the catalytic in-situ oil upgrading process Catalytic In-Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Crude Oils is a valuable reference for petroleum and chemical engineers as well as advanced undergraduate and graduate students in related fields.

Leseprobe

Catalytic In‐Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra‐Heavy Crude Oils

Edited by

Mikhail A. VarfolomeevKazan Federal UniversityKazanRussia

Chengdong YuanSkolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyMoscowRussiaandKazan Federal UniversityKazanRussia

Jorge AncheytaInstituto Politécnico NacionalMexico CityMexicoandInstituto Mexicano del PetróleoMexico CityMexico

This edition first published 2023.© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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The right of Mikhail A. Varfolomeev, Chengdong Yuan, and Jorge Ancheyta to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Varfolomeev, Mikhail A., editor. | Yuan, Chengdong, editor. | Ancheyta, Jorge, editor.Title: Catalytic in-situ upgrading of heavy and extra-heavy crude oils / edited by Mikhail A Varfolomeev, Chengdong Yuan, Jorge Ancheyta.Description: Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley, 2023. | Includes bibliographical references.Identifiers: LCCN 2023006627 (print) | LCCN 2023006628 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119871477 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119871484 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119871491 (epub)Subjects: LCSH: Catalytic reforming. | Heavy oil.Classification: LCC TP690.45 .C38 2023 (print) | LCC TP690.45 (ebook) | DDC 665.5/384–dc23/eng/20230403LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023006627LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023006628

Cover Design: WileyCover Images: © Anan Kaewkhammul/Shutterstock

List of Contributors

Firdavs Aliev

Department of Petroleum Engineering

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Ameen Al‐Muntaser

Department of Petroleum Engineering

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Jorge Ancheyta

Department of Petroleum Engineering

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada

Ciudad de México

Mexico

and

Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo

Mexico City

Mexico

Roman S. Borisov

A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis

Russian Academy of Sciences

Moscow

Russia

Sergey V. Efimov

Institute of Physics

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Marsel G. Fazlyyyakhmatov

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Guillermo Félix

Department of Petroleum Engineering

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Airat H. Gabbasov

PJSC Tatneft

Almetyevsk

Russia

Marat R. Gafurov

Institute of Physics

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Ranel I. Galeev

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Khusain Kadiev

A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis

Russian Academy of Sciences

Moscow

Russia

Oleg Kadkin

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Rail I. Kadyrov

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Anastasiia Yu. Kanateva

A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis

Russian Academy of Sciences

Moscow

Russia

Galina Kaukova

Department of Petroleum Engineering

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Nail Khafizov

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Vladimir V. Klochkov

Institute of Physics

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Michael Kwofie

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Georgy Mamin

Institute of Physics

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Anton Maximov

A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis

Russian Academy of Sciences

Moscow

Russia

Anastasiya Mikhailova

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Irek I. Mukhamatdinov

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Fadis Murzakhanov

Institute of Physics

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Vadim Neklyudov

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

and

Technion

Haifa

Israel

Danis K. Nurgaliev

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Ilfat Z. Rakhmatullin

Institute of Physics

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

and

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Alexander Rodionov

Institute of Physics

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Allan Rojas

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Vicente Sámano

Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada

Ciudad de México

Mexico

Persi Schacht

Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo

Mexico City

Mexico

Denis Shevchenko

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Department of Higher Mathematics

Kazan Innovative University named after V. G. Timiryasov

Kazan

Russia

Sergey A. Sitnov

Department of Petroleum Engineering

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Vladislav Sudakov

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Muneer A. Suwaid

Department of Petroleum Engineering

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Alexis Tirado

Department of Petroleum Engineering

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Pablo Torres‐Mancera

Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo

Mexico City

Mexico

Fernando Trejo

Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada

Ciudad de México

Mexico

Sergey Usmanov

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Alexey Vakhin

Department of Petroleum Engineering

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Mikhail A. Varfolomeev

Department of Petroleum Engineering

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Mustafa Versan Kok

Middle East Technical University

Üniversiteler Mahallesi

Çankaya Ankara

Turkey

Chengdong Yuan

Center for Petroleum Science and Engineering

Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology

Moscow

Russia

and

Department of Petroleum Engineering

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

Vladimir G. Zaikin

A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis

Russian Academy of Sciences

Moscow

Russia

Timur R. Zakirov

Institute of Geology and Petroleum Technologies

Kazan Federal University

Kazan

Russia

About the Editors

Dr. Mikhail A. Varfolomeev graduated in chemistry (2005) from the Kazan State University. He completed his PhD thesis in physical chemistry with focus on thermodynamics of fluids in 2007, also in the Kazan State University. He is a recipient of with more than 20 different national and international awards in education, research, and innovation areas. He is a coauthor of 17 patents and more than 310 papers (H‐index of 30). He was invited as a researcher and professor in University of Rostock (Germany), IFP Energies Nouvelles (France), Southwest Petroleum University (China).

Nowadays, Dr. Varfolomeev is a chair of Department of Petroleum Engineering and head of Enhanced Oil Recovery Center of the Kazan Federal University. His research interests include petroleum engineering, enhanced oil recovery, catalytic oil upgrading, in situ combustion, gas injection, chemical flooding, phase behavior, gas hydrates, thermodynamics, thermal analysis, and calorimetry. He was supervisor of more than 15 PhD students and 50 BSc and MSc theses. He actively cooperates with petroleum industry. He supervised more than 60 technical projects. A good number of them were introduced to the industrial scale. He actively participated in one of the world's first successful pilot tests of in situ catalytic upgrading of heavy oil in Russia and Cuba. Dr. Varfolomeev is an associate editor of Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, Journal of King Saud University – Engineering Science, and member of Editorial Boards of Petroleum and Energies. He has given more than 40 plenary, keynote, and technical presentations on international conferences.

Chengdong Yuan holds a PhD degree in oil and gas field development engineering through a combined master's‐PhD program from Southwest Petroleum University, China (2016). He graduated with a bachelor's degree in petroleum engineering from Southwest Petroleum University (2011). He worked in Department of Petroleum Engineering of the Kazan Federal University as an associate professor (2019–2022), and in Department of Physical Chemistry of the Kazan Federal University as a senior researcher (2017–2022). Dr. Yuan has worked as Principal Research Scientist and Assistant Professor at Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology since 2022. His academic interests focus on efficient hydrocarbon recovery. Specific interests include thermal methods for enhanced oil recovery including steam injection, in situ combustion (ISC), new technologies for in situ heavy oil upgrading, catalytic in situ oil upgrading, catalytic oxidation of crude oil, chemical flooding especially for interfacial phenomena (wettability of solids, interfacial tension, foams, and emulsions), and profile control and water shutoff technologies. He has been authorized 7 patents and is author and coauthor of more than 130 scientific papers (H‐index of 24), has been awarded scientific scholarship in the field of research in pharmaceutics, chemistry, and petrochemistry, oil production, and oil and gas geology of the KFU Board of Trustees (2020). He has participated and given presentations in international conferences about 15 times since 2015, including 8 times SPE conferences presenting technical presentations. He was guest editor of the international journal FUEL of the special issue “In‐Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra‐Heavy Crude Oils.”

Jorge Ancheyta, PhD, graduated with a bachelor's degree in Petrochemical Engineering (1989), master's degree in Chemical Engineering (1993), and master's degree in Administration, Planning, and Economics of Hydrocarbons (1997) from the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN) of Mexico. He splits his PhD between the Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM) of Mexico and the Imperial College London, UK (1998) and was awarded a postdoctoral fellowship in the Laboratory of Catalytic Process Engineering of the CPE‐CNRS in Lyon, France (1999). He has also been visiting professor at the Laboratoire de Catalyse et Spectrochimie (LCS), Université de Caen, France (2008, 2009, 2010), Imperial College London, UK (2009), Mining University at Saint Petersburg, Russia (2016, 2017), and Kazan Federal University, Russia (2021–2024).

Dr. Ancheyta has worked for the Mexican Institute of Petroleum (IMP) since 1989 and his present position is manager of Products for the Transformation of Crude Oil. He has also worked as professor at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels for the School of Chemical Engineering and Extractive Industries at the National Polytechnic Institute of Mexico (ESIQIE‐IPN) since 1992, and for the IMP postgraduate since 2003. He has been supervisor of more than one hundred BSc, MSc, and PhD theses. Dr. Ancheyta has also been supervisor of a number of postdoctoral and sabbatical year professors.

Dr. Ancheyta has been working in the development and application of petroleum refining catalysts, kinetic and reactor models, and process technologies mainly in catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming, middle distillate hydrotreating, and ex situ and in situ heavy oils upgrading. He is author and coauthor of a number of patents, books, and about 250 scientific papers (H‐index of 63), has been awarded the highest distinction (Level III) as National Researcher by the Mexican government, and is a member of the Mexican Academy of Science. He is principal associate editor of the international journal FUEL. Dr. Ancheyta has also chaired numerous yearly international conferences since 2004, namely International Symposium on Hydroprocessing of Oil Fractions (ISAHOF) and International‐Mexican Congress on Chemical Reaction Engineering (IMCCRE).

Preface

Heavy and ultra‐heavy oil resources account for about 60–70% of total proved oil reserves all over the world, which are concentrated in various countries such as Russia, Mexico, Canada, and Venezuela. Due to the high viscosity and density of heavy oils, their production, transportation, and processing are much more difficult than conventional oils.

For effective development, usually thermal methods are required to reduce the viscosity for the easy flow of heavy oils in the reservoir. Currently, steam injection is the most widely used thermal method for heavy oil recovery. However, during its application, various issues have been exposed, such as

Low efficiency with high energy and freshwater consumption for generating steam

Environmental issues caused by the large consumption of freshwater and burning of coal or gas

The viscosity of the recovered oil is not low enough on the ground, which increases difficulties and cost for its transportation and processing.

To solve these problems, using catalysts to initiate a catalytic aquathermolysis process for achieving a higher level in situ upgrading of heavy oils during steam injection is a promising solution, which, on the one hand, can improve the properties of heavy oils to ease the difficulties in transportation; on the other hand, can reduce the injection volume of steam, thus decreasing the consumption of energy and freshwater, reducing the cost, and improving the efficiency of steam injection.

Various efforts have been made to improve the in situ upgrading and efficiency of steam injection by using different catalysts. For these reasons, it was identified that there was the need to have a document to summarize the theoretical aspects and current advances in the main topics related to in situ upgrading of heavy and extra‐heavy crude oils.

Catalytic In Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra‐Heavy Crude Oils is organized in the following 11 chapters:

Chapter 1 describes general aspects of definition, classification, and properties of crude oils, as well as detailed experimental data of typical crude oils around the world to achieve a better understanding of their composition. Chapter 2 deals with the description of advanced characterization of heavy crudes and their fractions. Particular emphasis is put on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and relaxometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and chromatographic and mass spectrometry methods. The methods for in situ enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods for heavy crudes recovery are detailed in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 aims at describing the fundamentals of in situ upgrading. Chapters 5 and 6 focus on the catalyst used for in situ upgrading, liquid catalyst, and nanoparticles. Chapter 7 deals with the different kinetic models for in situ upgrading, including noncatalytic aquathermolysis, catalytic aquathermolysis, and using hydrogen. Chapter 8 is devoted to the application of quantum chemical calculations for studying thermochemistry, kinetics, and catalytic mechanisms of in situ upgrading. A general methodology, calculation techniques, and preliminary results of applying quantum chemistry methods for studying complex physicochemical phenomena that accompany the in situ upgrading processes are described. Chapter 9 is devoted to describing the behavior of a catalyst in porous media. A systematical investigation of the effect of pore space heterogeneity on the dynamics adsorption of catalyst dissolved in the water during a single‐phase flow is studied, which allows for registering the catalyst distribution in the pore space using 4D tomography. Chapter 10 details the numerical simulation of catalytic in situ oil upgrading process, and Chapter 11 presents the novel technologies for upgrading heavy and extra‐heavy oil.

It is foreseen that Catalytic In Situ Upgrading of Heavy and Extra‐Heavy Crude Oils becomes promptly an outstanding and distinctive book, not only for researchers that conduct investigations in this area, but also for BSc, MSc, and PhD students that need detailed information and explanations on how to carry out experiments and calculations in the topic of upgrading of heavy oils.

We would like to thank all our colleagues that contributed with the preparation of chapters and for the support of the Russian Science Foundation related to the Project № 21‐73‐30023 dated 17 March 2021.

June 2023

Mikhail A. Varfolomeev

Chengdong Yuan

Jorge Ancheyta

Kazan, Russian Federation

1Properties of Heavy and Extra‐Heavy Crude Oils

Alexis Tirado1, Guillermo Félix1, Fernando Trejo2, Mikhail A. Varfolomeev1, Chengdong Yuan1,5, Danis K. Nurgaliev3, Vicente Sámano2, and Jorge Ancheyta1,2,4

1Department of Petroleum Engineering, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya str. 18, Kazan, 420008, Russia

2Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Legaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico

3