Clean and Renewable Energy Production E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
CLEAN and RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION
According to the World Renewable Energy Council (WREC), by the year 2100, the world's population will increase to 12 billion and the worldwide energy demand will increase steeply to about five times the present scenario. Researchers are striving to find alternative forms of energy, and this quest is strongly forced by the increasing worry over climate change and planetary heating. Among the diverse varieties of alternative energy sources, biomass has the singular advantage of being carbon neutral. The carbon that is discharged to the atmosphere during its exercise is read back during the utilization of biomass resources for energy output. Currently, biomass provides approximately 13% of the world's primary energy supply and more than 75% of global renewable energy. Indeed, it is estimated that bioenergy could contribute 25–33% of the global energy supply by 2050. Continued adoption of biomass will require efficient conversion rates and avoidance of competition with food and fibers.
This book focuses on the recent practices in clean energy and renewable energy. The contributors highlight how newer technologies are reducing the dependency on non-renewable resources, benefiting the researchers who are working in the area of clean and renewable energy production. This new volume will also benefit mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, and bioengineers as they will be updated with the recent work progressing all over the globe. It will benefit the professionals working in the renewable energy sector such as solar, wind, hydrothermal, hydrogen, and bioenergy, including professors, research scholars, industry professionals, and students working in this field.
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Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
1 Vegetable Seed Oils as Biofuel: Need, Motivation, and Research Identifications
1.1 Introduction to Vegetable Oils
1.2 Motivation
1.3 Need of Research
1.4 Detailed Survey
1.5 Identification of the Research Gaps
1.6 Conclusions
References
2 Methodology and Instrumentation for Biofuel with Study on Cashew Nut Shell Liquid
2.1 Methodology
2.2 Procedure
2.3 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
2.4 Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
2.5 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
2.6 CNSL Study
2.7 Conclusions
References
3 Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Energy Applications
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Carbon Dioxide Sequestration
3.3 Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage
3.4 Renewable Energy
3.5 Conclusion
References
4 Affordable and Clean Energy: Natural Gas Hydrates and Hydrogen Storage
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Gas Hydrates
4.3 Hydrogen Energy
4.4 Recent Advancement Toward Clean Energy Applications
4.5 Conclusion
References
5 Wind and Solar PV System-Based Power Generation: Imperative Role of Hybrid Renewable Energy Technology
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development
5.3 Global Energy Scenario
5.4 Solar Energy Potential
5.5 Wind Potential for Power Generation
5.6 Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
5.7 Pros and Cons of the Hybrid Renewable Energy System
5.8 Conclusion
References
6 A Systematic Review of the Last Decade for Advances in Photosynthetic Microbial Fuel Cells with Bioelectricity Generation
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Background
6.3 Methodology
6.4 Study Selection Criteria
6.5 Configurations and Performance Evaluation of Photosynthetic Microbial Fuel Cells
6.6 Outlook
Data Availability Statement
Funding
Conflict of Interest
References
7 Hydrothermal Liquefaction as a Sustainable Strategy for Integral Valorization of Agricultural Waste
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Generation of Biofuels
7.3 Biomass Conversion Routes
7.4 HTL Reaction Mechanism
7.5 HTL Process Yield Calculations
7.6 HTL Advantage Over Pyrolysis
7.7 Types of Reactors for the Hydrothermal Liquefaction Process
7.8 Influence of Operating Parameters
7.9 Product Distribution and Evaluation
7.10 Potential Applications of HTL Products
7.11 Challenges and Limitations of the HTL Process
7.12 Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis
7.13 Conclusions
References
8 Imperative Role of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System and Hydrogen Energy Storage for Modern Electric Vehicle Transportation: Challenges and Future Perspectives
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Modeling of the PEMFC System
8.3 Electrical Vehicle Categories
8.4 Hydrogen Energy Storage
8.5 Future Scope, Challenges, and Benefits of FCEVs
8.6 Pros and Cons of Electric Vehicles in the Aspect of Modern Transportation System
8.7 MATLAB/Simulink Study of FC-Powered Electric Drive System
8.8 Conclusion
References
9 Ocean Energy—A Myriad of Opportunities in the Renewable Energy Sector
9.1 Introduction
9.2 International Agencies Promoting Ocean Energy Projects
9.3 Ocean Energy Potential
9.4 Types of Ocean Energy
9.5 Tidal Energy
9.6 Tidal Currents
9.7 Wave Energy
9.8 Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
9.9 Salinity Gradient
9.10 Marine Energy Projects in India
9.11 Conclusion
Author Contributions
References
10 Performance of 5 Years of ESE Lightning Protection System: A Review
Introduction
Theoretical Background
External Lightning Protection Structure for the PV Power Plant
Results and Analysis
Conclusion
References
11 Solar Photovoltaic System-Based Power Generation: Imperative Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Solar Energy Power Generation Scenario in the Indian Context
11.3 Applications of AI and ML in Solar PV Systems
11.4 Pros and Cons of AI and ML Techniques in Solar PV System
11.5 Application of GA-Based Optimal Placement of PV Modules in an Array to Reduce PSCs
11.6 Conclusion
References
12 Waste to Energy Technologies for Energy Recovery
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Preparation Methods
12.3 Carbonization and Activation
12.4 Electrode Materials Extracted from Biowastes
12.5 Energy Storage Applications
12.6 Importance of Electrolyte
12.7 Conclusions
References
13 A Review of Electrolysis Techniques to Produce Hydrogen for a Futuristic Hydrogen Economy
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Methodology
13.3 Configurations and Performance Evaluation of AEM Electrolyzer
13.4 Scope for Improvements
13.5 Conclusion
References
14 Prospects of Sustainability for Carbon Footprint Reduction
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Context and Outcomes of the United Nations Climate Change Framework
14.3 Monitoring Direct and Indirect Carbon Emissions
14.4 Sustainable Alternatives to Reduce Carbon Footprints
14.5 Carbon Elimination from the Atmosphere
14.6 Outlook
Conflict of Interest
References
15 Conventional and AI-Based MPPT Techniques for Solar Photovoltaic System-Based Power Generation: Constraints and Future Perception
15.1 Introduction
15.2 MPPT Systems
15.3 Challenges and Future Perspective
15.4 Radial Diagram-Based Relational Performance of MPPT Techniques
15.5 Conclusion
References
16 Bioethanol Production and Its Impact on a Future Bioeconomy
16.1 Introduction to Bioenergy
16.2 Overview of Lignocellulosic Biomass
16.3 Challenges and Opportunities
16.4 Bioethanol Economy
References
17 Waste-to-Energy Technologies for Energy Recovery
17.1 Energy
17.2 Alternatives to Waste-to-Energy Routes that Might Be Used
17.3 The Situation of the Waste-to-Energy Market Today
17.4 Technical and Economic Considerations
17.5 Conclusion
References
18 Biodiesel Production, Storage Stability, and Industrial Applications: Opportunities and Challenges
18.1 Biodiesel
18.2 Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production
18.3 Biodiesel Conversion Methods
18.4 Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel
18.5 Storage Stability of Biodiesel
18.6 Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel
18.7 Conclusions and Future Perspectives of Biodiesel
References
19 Biomass Energy and Its Conversion
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Sources of Biomass
19.3 Techniques for Converting Biomass Into Energy
19.4 Biochemical/Biological Conversion
19.5 Physical Conversion
19.6 Power Plant Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Using Biomass as Fuel
19.7 Summary
References
20 Co-Gasification of Coal and Waste Biomass for Power Generation
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Co-Gasification
20.3 Biomass Gasification Co-Generation
20.4 Summary
References
Index
Also of Interest
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 2
Table 2.1 Results and compounds from the GC-MS study of thermal-cracked cashew...
Table 2.2 Results and compounds from the GC-MS study of thermal-cracked cashew...
Table 2.3 Results and compounds from the GC-MS study of thermal-cracked cashew...
Table 2.4 Results and compounds from the GC-MS study of thermal-cracked cashew...
Table 2.5 Results and compounds from the GC-MS study of thermal-cracked cashew...
Chapter 4
Table 4.1 Advantages and disadvantages of gas hydrate extraction methods [19]....
Table 4.2 Uses of hydrogen in different industries [98].
Chapter 5
Table 5.1 Work preview of the existing studies.
Chapter 6
Table 6.1 Review of the preliminary studies for this work.
Chapter 7
Table 7.1 Difference between hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and pyrolysis.
Table 7.2 Bio-oil yields from different biomass feedstocks through hydrotherma...
Table 7.3 Effect of operating parameters on hydrothermal liquefaction of bioma...
Chapter 8
Table 8.1 Fuel cell (FC) types, fuel required, and applications [12, 13].
Table 8.2 Electric vehicle categories.
Table 8.3 Methods for hydrogen energy storage [28–30].
Table 8.4 Hydrogen energy production: approaches with challenges.
Table 8.5 Pros and cons of EVs in the aspect of modern transportation system....
Table 8.6 Mathematic modeling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) [1...
Chapter 9
Table 9.1 Important tidal power stations around the world.
Table 9.2 Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) plants around the world.
Chapter 10
Table 10.1 Estimation of the lightning radius protection.
Table 10.2 IEC/EN 32305 class of protection level.
Table 10.3 Differentiation of the investment costs of the two lightning system...
Table 10.4 Differentiation of the investment costs of the grounding systems.
Table 10.5 Differentiation of the total investment costs of the lightning prot...
Table 10.6 Lightning events at the photovoltaic (PV) power plant.
Chapter 11
Table 11.1 Pros and cons of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning ...
Table 11.2 Numerical results of series-parallel (SP) and SP and genetic algori...
Chapter 12
Table 12.1 Precursors, activation methods, and agents used to prepare activate...
Table 12.2 Comparisons of the specific surface area (SSA) of carbonaceous mate...
Table 12.3 Specific capacitance of bioresource-derived activated carbon.
Chapter 13
Table 13.1 Review on the materials and components used in anion exchange membr...
Table 13.2 Review of the literature survey presented in a tabular manner.
Chapter 15
Table 15.1 Taxonomy on recent reported work on conventional techniques to trac...
Table 15.2 Pros and cons of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques.
Chapter 16
Table 16.1 Physical and chemical properties of ethanol, methanol, and gasoline...
Table 16.2 Application of consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) microorganisms in p...
Chapter 17
Table 17.1 Present capacity factor within the EU and the individual use waste-...
Table 17.2 Functional waste-to-energy plants in the United States.
Table 17.3 Project outputs of the United States.
Chapter 18
Table 18.1 Potential feedstocks used for first-, second-, third-, and fourth-g...
Table 18.2 Fatty acid composition of various feedstocks for biodiesel producti...
Table 18.3 Representative feedstocks, catalysts, reaction conditions, and biod...
Table 18.4 Fuel standards for biodiesel and diesel [138].
Table 18.5 Important fuel characteristics of biodiesel derived from various fe...
Chapter 20
Table 20.1 Summary of research carried out in the field of co-gasification.
Table 20.2 New technologies applied for the gasification of biomass.
List of Illustrations
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 Methodology of the biodiesel process.
Figure 2.2 Biodiesel processes.
Figure 2.3 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry apparatus from Perki...
Figure 2.4 Clarus SQ8S for GC-MS [9].
Figure 2.5 Composition of the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) [11].
Figure 2.6 Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry analysis of the ther...
Figure 2.7 GC-MS study of thermal-cracked cashew nut shell liquid (TC-CNSL), s...
Figure 2.8 GC-MS study of thermal-cracked cashew nut shell liquid (TC-CNSL), s...
Figure 2.9 GC-MS study of thermal-cracked cashew nut shell liquid (TC-CNSL), s...
Figure 2.10 GC-MS study of thermal-cracked cashew nut shell liquid (TC-CNSL), ...
Figure 2.11 GC-MS study of thermal-cracked cashew nut shell liquid (TC-CNSL), ...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Non-biological and biological CO
2
reduction technologies [7].
Figure 3.2 Configuration of microbial carbon fuel cells (MCFC) [8].
Figure 3.3 Configuration of plant-based microbial fuel cells (P-MFCs) [8].
Figure 3.4 Locations of the world’s methane hydrates [12].
Figure 3.5 Global distribution of seagrasses, tidal marshes, and mangroves [13...
Figure 3.6 Distribution of carbon in coastal mangroves and mudflat soils [18]....
Figure 3.7 Global distribution of carbon stock in marine sediments [13].
Figure 3.8 Energy consumed in the CO
2
sequestration/enhanced oil recovery (EOR...
Figure 3.9 Development trend of the carbon capture, utilization, and storage (...
Figure 3.10 Status of the worldwide carbon capture, utilization, and storage (...
Figure 3.11 Global electricity production, 2013 [20].
Figure 3.12 Maps of global horizontal irradiation (GHI) [22].
Figure 3.13 Types of hydropower turbines [23].
Figure 3.14 Geothermal steam field with its elements: recharge area, impermeab...
Figure 3.15 Primary and secondary energy resources
via
hydrothermal processing...
Figure 3.16 Schematic diagram of a hydraulic wind turbine [27].
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 Dissociation methods for methane gas hydrates [12].
Figure 4.2 (A) Simplified representation of the four most typical gravity-driv...
Figure 4.3 Champagne cork effect: illustration of what happens when a slope fa...
Figure 4.4 Schematic diagram of the clathrate hydrate-based desalination proce...
Figure 4.5 Schematic diagram of the hydrate-based CO
2
capture and sequestratio...
Figure 4.6 Schematic diagram of hydrate-based gas separation [9].
Figure 4.7 Different technologies for hydrogen storage [98].
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 Hybrid wind turbine/photovoltaic (WT/PV) power generation system.
Figure 5.2 Growth of power generation (year: 2016–2040).
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Schematic representation of a double-chambered microbial fuel cell ...
Figure 6.2 Schematic diagram of the search and selection strategy.
Figure 6.3 (a) Criteria for selecting relevant documents with plant microbial ...
Figure 6.4 Different configurations of photosynthetic microbial fuel cell mech...
Figure 6.5 Experimental schematic diagram for a photosynthetic microbial fuel ...
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 Different generations of biofuels.
Figure 7.2 Main biomass conversion routes.
Figure 7.3 Overview of the reaction mechanisms of lignocellulose biomass.
Figure 7.4 Applications of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) products.
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Generalized diagram of a fuel cell-assisted electrical vehicle.
Figure 8.2 Fuel cell (FC): schematic diagram [15].
Figure 8.3 MATLAB/Simulink modeling of fuel cell (FC).
Figure 8.4 Transient response of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) vo...
Figure 8.5 Transient response. (a) Stator current. (b) Rotor speed. (c) Electr...
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 Clockwise from
bottom
: (a) Wave energy projects around the world [1...
Figure 9.2 Types of ocean energy sources.
Figure 9.3 Clockwise from
bottom
: (a) Archimedes’ screw [20]; (b) Flumill tech...
Figure 9.4 Clockwise from
bottom
: (a) Schematic of the pressure differential [...
Figure 9.5 Pictorial representation of reverse electrodialysis (RED) installed...
Figure 9.6 Clockwise from
bottom
: (a) Present status of the Vizhinjam oscillat...
Figure 9.7 (a) Floating test platform OTEC plant [69] and (b) schematic of the...
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 Separation space of the lightning protection method.
Figure 10.2 Global yearly average flash density [21].
Figure 10.3 Position of the implementation of the photovoltaic (PV) power plan...
Figure 10.4 Early streamer emission (ESE)-type lightning protection rod.
Figure 10.5 Arrangement of the early streamer emission (ESE) rod system in the...
Figure 10.6 Franklin-type lightning rod.
Figure 10.7 Structure of the Franklin rod system in the photovoltaic (PV) powe...
Figure 10.8 The lightning counter.
Figure 10.9 Early streamer emission (ESE) lightning protection shading simulat...
Figure 10.10 Franklin-type lightning protection shading simulation.
Figure 10.11 Early streamer emission (ESE) lightning installed at the photovol...
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 Solar photovoltaic (PV) system-based power generation with limitat...
Figure 11.2 Power–voltage (
P–V
) and current–voltage (
I–V
) curves d...
Figure 11.3 Application of photovoltaic (PV) system performance using artifici...
Figure 11.4 Applications of artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML)...
Figure 11.5 Weather forecasting of a photovoltaic (PV) system performance usin...
Figure 11.6 Photovoltaic (PV) performance prediction based on the effect of du...
Figure 11.7 Development of a 9 × 9 size photovoltaic (PV) array.
Figure 11.8 Shading case 1 with non-uniform irradiance levels. (a) Series para...
Figure 11.9 Shading case 2 with non-uniform irradiance levels. (a) Series para...
Figure 11.10 Power–voltage (
P
–
V
) curves under shading cases 1 and 2.
Figure 11.11 Current–voltage (
I–V
) curves under shading cases 1 and 2.
Figure 11.12 Bar chart representation. (a) Power. (b) Voltage at global maximu...
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 Conventional and hydrothermal carbonization of
Jatropha
oilcake [3...
Figure 12.2 Biomaterials for energy storage mechanism [4].
Figure 12.3 Nitrogen-rich activated carbon with a porous structure obtained fr...
Figure 12.4 Electrodes from waste materials.
Figure 12.5 Electrode preparation from biowaste [67].
Figure 12.6 Formation of activated carbon from biowaste for energy storage app...
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1 Schematic representation of the types of electrolyzers [12], inclu...
Figure 13.2 Search and selection process.
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1 Illustration of the four primary outcome targets that were discuss...
Figure 14.2 Carbon dioxide emissions released due to the combustion of fossil ...
Figure 14.3 Illustration of the direct emissions, indirect emissions, and indi...
Figure 14.4 Contrasting profiles of electricity generated from solar in billio...
Figure 14.5 Different sustainable strategies toward net-zero carbon emission. ...
Chapter 15
Figure 15.1 Integration of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with solar phot...
Figure 15.2 Classifications: conventional and artificial intelligence (AI)-bas...
Figure 15.3 Perturb and observe (P&O) (a) and INC-based (b) maximum power poin...
Figure 15.4 Block representation of fuzzy logic controller (FLC)-based maximum...
Figure 15.5 Three-layer structure of an artificial neural network (ANN) [43]....
Figure 15.6 Artificial intelligence (AI)-based particle swarm optimization (PS...
Figure 15.7 Radial diagrams for the relational performance of conventional (a)...
Chapter 16
Figure 16.1 Schematic representation of the simultaneous saccharification and ...
Figure 16.2 Various lignocellulosic biomass compositions.
Figure 16.3 Typical chemical composition of lignocellulosic biomass.
Figure 16.4 Different approaches highlighting the pretreatment of lignocellulo...
Figure 16.5 Organic solvent pretreatment processes [38].
Figure 16.6 Methods for ionic pretreatment [40].
Figure 16.7 Overview of lignin production and modification techniques.
Chapter 17
Figure 17.1 Some of the important non-renewable sources of energy.
Figure 17.2 Distribution of non-renewable energy.
Figure 17.3 How renewable sources of energy work.
Figure 17.4 Full systematic diagram of the waste-to-energy method [17].
Figure 17.5 Step-by-step pyrolysis procedure.
Figure 17.6 Full structural diagram of biochemical conversion.
Figure 17.7 Systematic diagram illustrating fuel synthesis.
Figure 17.8 Systematic diagram of thermochemical conversion.
Figure 17.9 Diagram of energy and fuel generation.
Chapter 18
Figure 18.1 Sources of biomass feedstocks for biofuel production [17].
Figure 18.2 Classification of biodiesel based on feedstock development.
Figure 18.3 Homogeneous base (:B)-catalyzed reaction mechanism for the transes...
Figure 18.4 Homogeneous acid (H
+
)-catalyzed reaction mechanism for the transes...
Figure 18.5 Heterogeneous acid (MO
2
+SiO
2
)-catalyzed reaction mechanism for the...
Figure 18.6 Heterogeneous base-catalyzed reaction mechanism for the transester...
Figure 18.7 Active allylic and bis-allylic positions in the unsaturated fatty ...
Figure 18.8 Commonly used synthetic antioxidants.
Figure 18.9 Mechanistic representation of the antioxidant behavior of pyrogall...
Figure 18.10 Mechanistic representation of the synergistic relation between an...
Chapter 19
Figure 19.1 Resources of biomass energy.
Figure 19.2 Biomass energy generation techniques [9].
Figure 19.3 Biomass conversion using thermal conversion.
Figure 19.4 Principle methods for converting biomass to secondary energy sourc...
Chapter 20
Figure 20.1 Percentage of energy kind [23].
Figure 20.2 Typical gasification technologies.
Guide
Cover Page
Table of Contents
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Begin Reading
Index
Also of Interest
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
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Clean and Renewable Energy Production
Edited by
Surajit Mondal
Adesh Kumar
Rupendra Kumar Pachauri
Amit Kumar Mondal
Vishal Kumar Singh
and
Amit Kumar Sharma
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ISBN 9781394174423
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Preface
In an era marked by growing concerns over climate change, environmental degradation, and the sustainability of energy resources, the quest for cleaner and more sustainable energy production has never been more critical. As the world’s demand for energy continues to rise, so too does the urgency to transition from traditional fossil fuel-based sources to cleaner and renewable alternatives. The title Clean and Renewable Energy Production encapsulates a journey into the heart of this transformative endeavor. This book delves into the profound changes taking place in the realm of energy, exploring the innovative technologies, policy shifts, and scientific breakthroughs that are shaping the landscape of energy production and consumption.
All the chapters in the book follow a comprehensive exploration of various clean and renewable energy sources, ranging from solar, biofuel, and hydrothermal, to ocean energy, carbon neutrality, hydrogen energy, and wind energy. Throughout this book, not only the technical aspects of clean energy production are examined but also the broader implications for our planet and society. Moreover, the economic, geopolitical, and social ramifications of transitioning to renewable energy sources, as well as the challenges that must be overcome to make this transition a reality on a global scale.
Moreover, Clean and Renewable Energy Production will serve as a valuable reference for students, researchers, policymakers, and anyone seeking a deeper understanding of the multifaceted facets of sustainable energy. Each chapter is meticulously crafted to offer a balanced blend of scientific explanations, real-world case studies, and forward-thinking visions.
Moreover, this book stands as a testament to the power of human ingenuity and determination in the face of one of the greatest challenges of our time. The journey towards a cleaner and more sustainable energy future is not without its obstacles, but it is a journey that promises a world of untapped potential, innovation, and hope. As you embark on this reading adventure, may you find inspiration and knowledge that empower you to play a role in shaping the future of energy production and the well-being of our planet.
Chapter-1: Presents the need, motivation, and research gapes with detailed survey for biofuel.
Chapter-2: Delivers the methodology and Instrumentation for Biofuel with Study on Cashew Nut Shell Liquid.
Chapter-3: This chapter significantly explored the various diverse topics pertaining to sustainable energy. Carbon dioxide sequestration and carbon capture, utilization, and storage have been discussed in conjunction with sustainable energy solutions and the global deployment of the decarbonization mission.
Chapter-4: Presents the methods of recovering gas hydrates from extreme conditions of pressure and temperature that aid their production requires the correct equipment and techniques.
Chapter-5: Shows the importance of wind and solar photovoltaic system-based power generation and the imperative role of hybrid renewable energy technology as well.
Chapter-6: Study is based on the a systematic review of the last decade for advances in photosynthetic microbial fuel cells with bioelectricity generation.
Chapter-7: Explores the hydrothermal liquefaction as a sustainable strategy for integral valorization of agricultural waste.
Chapter-8: Study is based on the PEM fuel cell for modern transportation systems along the current challenges and future perspectives.
Chapter-9: Delivers the detailed reviewed study for ocean energy and a myriad of opportunities in the renewable energy Sector.
Chapter-10: This article shows a five-year performance review of an early streamer emission air terminal lightning protection system for a large-scale photovoltaic power plant.
Chapter-11: Study demonstrates the potential of AI and ML to play essential functions in boosting the reliability, effectiveness, and longevity of PV systems, making them more economically viable and environment-friendly.
Chapter-12: Explores the waste to energy technologies for energy recovery and the ecological conditions of large populated cities may improve with the help of energy storage devices.
Chapter-13: A comprehensive review on electrolysis techniques to produce hydrogen for a futuristic hydrogen economy.
Chapter-14: Discusses the prospects of sustainability for carbon footprint reduction.
Chapter-15: Study on the conventional and AI-based MPPT techniques for solar photovoltaic system-based power generation, constraints and future perception.
Chapter-16: Explains the refinement in production techniques through synthetic biology and its effect on microbial metabolism are also reviewed.
Chapter-17: This chapter suggests that that waste has the ability to be used as a power source for both advanced and developing economies.
Chapter-18: Provides the methods of biodiesel production, storage stability, and industrial applications: opportunities and challenges.
Chapter-19: In this chapter, a detailed description of the conversion technology has been discussed based on the previous studies. It was also suggested that thermochemical conversion techniques have been significantly used for converting biomass into useful fuels.
Chapter-20: The chapter discusses biomass-waste co-conversion and the fuels’ complimentary features to minimize individual consumption impacts. Different co-generation processes produce heat and electricity alongside other things, making them more economically viable.
Dr. Surajit Mondal
Dr. Adesh Kumar
Dr. Rupendra Kumar Pachauri
Dr. Amit Kumar Mondal
Dr. Amit Kumar Sharma
Vishal Kumar Singh
Editors
