Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Techniques for Veterinary Technicians E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Techniques for Veterinary Technicians Up-to-date, practical reference book demonstrating laboratory procedures in dogs, cats, cattle and horses The newly revised and updated Second Edition of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Techniques for Veterinary Technicians is an inclusive reference on laboratory procedures pertaining to small animals, horses, and cattle, providing information on hematology, hemostasis, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, parasitology, endocrine testing, and quality assurance. The text clarifies 'how-to' information while also discussing the importance of 'why' laboratory procedures are performed in a particular way, enabling readers to gain true understanding of the topics discussed. To aid in reader comprehension, high-quality photographs labeled with magnification and stain information, which clearly depict cellular morphology, inclusions, and infectious organisms, are included throughout each chapter. The text also offers key objectives, technician tip boxes, case examples, and a glossary of key terms, along with a companion website that provides instructor questions, and an answer key to multiple choice questions in the book. Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Techniques for Veterinary Technicians includes information on: * Sample collection, handling, and quality assurance, to ensure laboratory test results are valid * Hematology data collection techniques that may be used on a daily basis to evaluate the overall health of animal patients * Clinical chemistry data to indicate organ function, covering how different chemicals measured in patient samples relate to the function of specific organs in the body * In-house parasitology procedures, with important advances in molecular diagnostics have been made that improve the detection and identification of parasites * Information about common endocrinopathies and submission of samples for endocrine testing. With complete coverage of the subject, Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Techniques for Veterinary Technicians is an essential resource for students enrolled in veterinary technology programs and veterinary colleges, and may be used as a textbook to guide and supplement information provided in both didactic and laboratory-based clinical pathology courses.
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Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
List of Contributors
Preface
About the Companion Website
1 Getting Started with Clinical Pathology
Introduction
Standard Equipment
Standard Supplies
Sample Types
Sample Storage and Preparation
Basic Laboratory Safety
2 Minimizing Laboratory Errors in Veterinary Practice
Introduction
Laboratory Considerations
Laboratory Area
Types of Laboratory Error
Summary
Further Reading
3 Hematology
Introduction
Components of Peripheral Blood
Blood Cell Parameters
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
Atypical Cells in the Peripheral Blood
Blood Parasites
Hematology Methods
Further Reading
4 Hemostasis
Introduction
Physiology
Diagnostic Testing
Further Reading
5 Clinical Chemistry
Introduction
Available Testing
Sample Preparation
Sample Quality
Clinical Chemistry Health Profiles
Further Reading
6 Urinalysis
Introduction
Urine Production
Further Reading
7 Parasitology
Introduction
Classification of Parasites
Parasite Identification
Further Reading
Recommended Websites
8 Endocrinology
Introduction
Further Reading
Glossary of Terms
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 2
Table 2.1 Considerations for in‐clinic and reference laboratory testing.
Table 2.2 Suggested minimum composition of a veterinary POCT committee.
Table 2.3 Recommended general quality assurance procedures for in‐clinic ve...
Chapter 3
Table 3.1 Polychromasia scoring system. Note that polychromasia will not be...
Table 3.2 Calculation of absolute leukocyte counts when the total white blo...
Table 3.3 The importance of calculating absolute cell counts.
Chapter 5
Table 5.1 Advantages and disadvantages of blood tubes for biochemical analy...
Table 5.2 Why is creatinine better than urea when measuring GFR?
Table 5.3 An incomplete list of diseases resulting in elevations in total A...
Table 5.4 Summary of acid–base disorders and typical blood gas changes.
Chapter 6
Table 6.1 Summary of osmolarity and concentrating ability of tubules.
Table 6.2 Advantages and disadvantages of different methods of urine collec...
Table 6.3 Summary of alterations in urine‐specific gravity.
Chapter 7
Table 7.1 Fecal testing solutions.
Table 7.2 Data used to differentiate
Dirofilaria immitis
from
Acanthocheilo
...
Chapter 8
Table 8.1 Selected hormones of importance in veterinary species and the cor...
Table 8.2 Diseases resulting from lack of hormone or hormonal effect.
Table 8.3 Diseases resulting from excess of hormone.
a
Table 8.4 Main immunoassay categories.
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 Microscope diagram. Components of an upright binocular light micr...
Figure 1.2 Microscope condenser settings. (a) Dried samples are examined wit...
Figure 1.3 Balanced centrifuge. The same sample weight is placed on opposite...
Figure 1.4 Refractometer measurement. The proportion of solids in a fluid sa...
Figure 1.5 Hemocytometer. (a) Hemocytometer with two chambers for counting t...
Figure 1.6 Hemocytometer grid. Each chamber of a hemocytometer contains nine...
Figure 1.7 Differential cell counters. (a) Analog and (b) digital cell count...
Figure 1.8 Blood collection tubes. Different blood collection tubes are need...
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 Major functional areas of a diagnostic laboratory. Each functiona...
Figure 2.2 The lynchpin of the quality cycle is having specific quality goal...
Figure 2.3 Control data should be interpreted as “in control” or “out‐of‐con...
Figure 2.4 (a) The data point on Day 9 exceeds 3SD away from the mean and is...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Erythropoiesis (Wright–Giemsa stain, 1400× magnification). (a–d) ...
Figure 3.2 Erythrocytes in peripheral blood (1400× magnification). (a) Metar...
Figure 3.3 Erythrocyte arrangements on peripheral blood smears (Wright–Giems...
Figure 3.4 Peripheral blood smears illustrating differences in erythrocyte m...
Figure 3.5 Peripheral blood smears depicting erythrocyte poikilocytosis (Wri...
Figure 3.6 Myelopoiesis (Wright–Giemsa stain, 1400× magnification). (a–d) Bo...
Figure 3.7 Mature granulocytes in peripheral blood (Wright–Giemsa stain, 140...
Figure 3.8 Monocytes in peripheral blood (Wright–Giemsa stain, 1400× magnifi...
Figure 3.9 Lymphocytes (Wright–Giemsa stain, 1400× magnification). (a–g) Per...
Figure 3.10 Granulocyte morphology in peripheral blood (Wright–Giemsa stain,...
Figure 3.11 Thrombopoiesis in a bone marrow aspirate from a Bernese mountain...
Figure 3.12 Platelets in peripheral blood (Wright–Giemsa stain, 2114× magnif...
Figure 3.13 Atypical platelet morphology in peripheral blood smears (Wright–...
Figure 3.14 Abnormal cells in peripheral blood (Wright–Giemsa stain, 1400× m...
Figure 3.15 Peripheral blood parasites (Wright–Giemsa stain). (a–f) 1400× ma...
Figure 3.16 Extracellular blood parasites. (a)
Dirofilaria immitis
– extrace...
Figure 3.17 Packed cell volume measurement. (a and b) Microhematocrit tubes ...
Figure 3.18 Hemocytometer grid with numerous platelets (three are circled) a...
Figure 3.19 Blood smear technique. (a) A 2–3 mm drop of blood is placed on o...
Figure 3.20 Findings in peripheral blood smears at low magnification (Wright...
Figure 3.21 Saline agglutination test. (a) Wet‐mount of a blood sample mixed...
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 Petechiae. Pinpoint petechial hemorrhages on the ear pinna of a g...
Figure 4.2 Ecchymoses. Multiple 1–2 cm ecchymotic hemorrhages on the abdomen...
Figure 4.3 Secondary hemostasis within a blood vessel. Vascular injury cause...
Figure 4.4 Coagulation pathway summary. Coagulation factors that contribute ...
Figure 4.5 Fibrinolysis. Vascular injury causes stabilization of tPA that cl...
Figure 4.6 Thromboelastography tracing. The types of data that are collected...
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 The serum separator tubes have a red and gray top, often called a...
Figure 5.2 Blood tubes used for clinical chemistry testing from left to righ...
Figure 5.3 (a) The needle is inserted through the red stopper and vacuum pre...
Figure 5.4 The centrifuge should be balanced with similar tubes filled with ...
Figure 5.5 Serum samples with varying degrees of hemolysis. (a) Mild hemolys...
Figure 5.6 Serum from dogs exhibiting. (a) Hemolysis, (b) icterus, and (c) l...
Figure 5.7 (a) A 7‐year‐old, female domestic shorthair cat, exhibiting marke...
Figure 5.8 Serum from (a) cow, (b) horse, (c) cat, and (d) dog. Horses and c...
Figure 5.9 Electrophoretogram displaying peaks for alpha, beta, and gamma gl...
Figure 5.10 (a) Microhematocrit tubes filled with blood and sealed with clay...
Figure 5.11 The blood is placed on the pad on the test strip and a color cha...
Figure 5.12 This drawing represents hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells...
Figure 5.13 Cytology of a liver aspirate from a dog with pancreatitis. A clu...
Figure 5.14 Blood smear from a dog with severe liver disease. The blood smea...
Figure 5.15 Urine sediment from a dog with a portosystemic shunt. Many ammon...
Figure 5.16 Results of a cPLI from a dog with suspected pancreatitis. The pa...
Figure 5.17 Blood from a dog, placed in a
s
erum separation tube and centrifu...
Figure 5.18 (a) Supplies needed to perform glucose measurement from an ear p...
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Cross section of the kidney shows renal cortex and medulla. Inset...
Figure 6.2 Ultrasound guidance is demonstrated to assist in directing the ne...
Figure 6.3 (a, b) Urine from different dogs demonstrating yellow, red, and b...
Figure 6.4 (a) Urine with an inactive sediment should be clear, so clear tha...
Figure 6.5 Urine is loaded into the refractometer by placing urine between t...
Figure 6.6 The scale labeled with an* is used to measure the urine‐specific ...
Figure 6.7 Urine is placed on the urine dipstick with either a pipet as pict...
Figure 6.8 Excess urine can be removed by turning the dipstick on its side o...
Figure 6.9 Urine sediment from a dog. Pictured is a single large angular squ...
Figure 6.10 Urine sediment from a dog. The sample was obtained via placement...
Figure 6.11 Urine from a dog with transitional cell carcinoma. Even in an un...
Figure 6.12 Direct smear of urine sediment from the same dog as Figure 6.11....
Figure 6.13 Urine from a horse. A cluster of renal tubular epithelial cells ...
Figure 6.14 (a) Urine from a dog, the urine was collected by cystocentesis. ...
Figure 6.15 (a) Urine from a cat. White blood cells are indicated by arrows....
Figure 6.16 Urine from a cat. Full field of white blood cells are observed a...
Figure 6.17 Urine from a dog. The arrow indicates a cast. The tubular struct...
Figure 6.18 Urine from a horse. The arrow indicates a cellular cast, likely ...
Figure 6.19 (a) Urine from a dog. The arrow indicates a combination coarsely...
Figure 6.20 A single white blood cell cast is pictured. The cells are trappe...
Figure 6.21 Hyaline cast in urine from a dog. These casts are 100% protein a...
Figure 6.22 Urine from a cat containing many rod‐shaped bacterial organisms ...
Figure 6.23 Urine from a dog containing much debris. This can make identific...
Figure 6.24 (a) Urine from a dog obtained by free catch. Fungal elements are...
Figure 6.25 (a) Urine from a dog with systemic cryptococcocus. Few yeast org...
Figure 6.26 Urine sediment from a dog. A single
Pearsonema
sp. ovum was iden...
Figure 6.27 Examples of different crystal shapes.
Figure 6.28 Urine from a cat. The arrow indicates a calcium oxalate dihydrat...
Figure 6.29 Urine from a dog with a portosystemic shunt. Many ammonium biura...
Figure 6.30 Urine from a dog with severe liver disease. Ammonium biurate cry...
Figure 6.31 Urine from a dog. Arrows indicate calcium oxalate crystals are o...
Figure 6.32 Urine from a dog. Calcium oxalate crystals can be variably shape...
Figure 6.33 Urine from a dog that ingested ethylene glycol (antifreeze). Man...
Figure 6.34 Urine from a cat with alkaline pH. A large triple phosphate crys...
Figure 6.35 (a) Urine from a horse. Many calcium carbonate crystals are obse...
Figure 6.36 Urine from a dog with
Leptospira
sp. This patient had severe liv...
Figure 6.37 Urine from a dog receiving sulfa drugs. The arrows indicate sulf...
Figure 6.38 Urine from a dog. Many variably sized lipid droplets are observe...
Figure 6.39 Urine from an intact male cat. Two triple phosphate crystals and...
Figure 6.40 Urine from a dog.
Alternaria
sp. are considered an environmental...
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 Fecal loops often do not collect enough feces to perform an adequ...
Figure 7.2 Examples of appropriate containers for fecal storage or transport...
Figure 7.3 A small amount of feces mixed with saline and covered with a cove...
Figure 7.4 Lugol's iodine can be added to a fecal direct to make structures ...
Figure 7.5 A small wire mesh strainer can be used to remove large‐particle f...
Figure 7.6 (a) The mixture is added to a test tube and filled until media re...
Figure 7.7 After incubating for 15 minutes, the coverslip is removed from th...
Figure 7.8 Modified double centrifugal flotation (MDCF) technique. Tubes are...
Figure 7.9 Pictured is the basic Baermann apparatus.
Figure 7.10 The clamps of the apparatus are released and the first 10 mL is ...
Figure 7.11 Fecal smear from a dog with diarrhea. Multiple clostridial organ...
Figure 7.12 Fecal smear from a dog with diarrhea. Many
Campylobacter
sp. org...
Figure 7.13 This is an imprint of a draining tract from a dog. Neutrophils a...
Figure 7.14 Rectal scrape from a dog. Inflammatory cells including macrophag...
Figure 7.15 Intestinal lymph node aspirates from a dog with diarrhea. Many f...
Figure 7.16 Wet mount of blood for evaluation for microfilariae. A microfila...
Figure 7.17 Proglottids can be squashed using a squash‐prep technique. If eg...
Figure 7.18 Adults of
Fasciola hepatica
can be found in cattle, sheep, and o...
Figure 7.19
Taenia
sp. segments identified in the feces of a dog.
Figure 7.20 Passive fecal flotation from a dog. Many hookworm eggs are ident...
Figure 7.21 Fecal flotation from a cat. Many roundworm eggs are identified (...
Figure 7.22 Ascarid worms or roundworms are common in small animals.
Toxocar
...
Figure 7.23 Fecal floatation from a dog. Many whipworm eggs are identified. ...
Figure 7.24 Fecal flotation from a cow. A strongyle egg (arrow) is identifie...
Figure 7.25 Fecal flotation from a cow. A whipworm egg (arrow) is identified...
Figure 7.26 Fecal flotation from a cow. A large
Nematodirus
sp. egg is noted...
Figure 7.27 Fecal flotation from a dog. A small coccidian oocyst (arrow) is ...
Figure 7.28 Fecal smear from a dog. Two
Giardia
sp. trophozoites (arrows) ar...
Figure 7.29 Fecal flotation from a cow. The arrow identifies a single coccid...
Figure 7.30 Acid‐fast stain of feces from a calf with severe diarrhea. The a...
Figure 7.31 Blood smear from a dog. A microfilarial worm is present and shou...
Figure 7.32 Fecal flotation from a cat. Many roundworm eggs are identified; ...
Figure 7.33 Transtracheal wash from a cat. Many large
Paragonimus kellicotti
Figure 7.34
Alternaria
sp. is an example of common environmental structures ...
Figure 7.35 Plant fibers are tube‐like structures with parallel walls and ar...
Figure 7.36 Pollen grains are common contaminants. Their spiky surface (arro...
Figure 7.37 The large grain mite egg can be seen in feces from animals eatin...
Figure 7.38 Eggs from
Monocystis lumbrici
, the earthworm parasite, is not a ...
Figure 7.39 Clear acetate tape (a) is pressed firmly over the skin to collec...
Figure 7.40 A number 10 blade (a) is moistened in mineral oil (b) and the sk...
Figure 7.41 (a and b) When performing a trichogram, a pair of hemostats can ...
Figure 7.42 Flea combs are used to collect material from a patient (a), and ...
Figure 7.43
Sarcoptes
sp. adult mite (a) and eggs (b) as observed under the ...
Figure 7.44
Otodectes cynotis
ear mite from a cat. Ceruminous material was c...
Figure 7.45 (a)
Cheyletiella parasitivorax
adult mite collected from “walkin...
Figure 7.46 (a) This is the short‐bodied mite of the cat,
Demodex gatoi
. Not...
Figure 7.47 Lice can be observed with the naked eye (a) or with the aid of a...
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Principle of competitive and noncompetitive immunoassays and prop...
Guide
Cover Page
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
List of Contributors
Preface
About the Companion Website
Begin Reading
Glossary of Terms
Index
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
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Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Techniques for Veterinary Technicians
Second Edition
Edited by
Amy L. MacNeill, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVP
Associate Professor, Clinical Pathology, Colorado State University
Anne M. Barger, DVM, MS, Diplomate ACVP
Professor, Clinical Pathology, University of Illinois
Copyright © 2024 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per‐copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750‐8400, fax (978) 750‐4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748‐6011, fax (201) 748‐6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission.
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication DataNames: MacNeill, Amy L., editor. | Barger, Anne M., editor.Title: Clinical pathology and laboratory techniques for veterinary technicians / edited by Amy L. MacNeill, Anne M. Barger.Description: 2nd edition. | Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley‐Blackwell [2024] | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2023039683 (print) | LCCN 2023039684 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119885696 (paperback) | ISBN 9781119885719 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119885702 (epub)Subjects: MESH: Clinical Laboratory Techniques–veterinary | Pathology, Veterinary–methods | Pathology, Clinical–methods | Animal TechniciansClassification: LCC SF772.6 (print) | LCC SF772.6 (ebook) | NLM SF 772.6 | DDC 636.089/607–dc23/eng/20231120LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023039683LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023039684
Cover Design: WileyCover Image: Courtesy of Anne M. Barger
Amy MacNeill Dedication
This book is dedicated to Dr. Bruce Ferguson, who taught memany of the techniques in this text and nourished my love ofveterinary medicine.
Anne Barger Dedication
I thank my partner in life Dr. Patty McElroy and myfather Maurice Barger for their love and support.
List of Contributors
Anne M. BargerUniversity of IllinoisChampaignIL, USA
Bente FlatlandUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN, USA
Jérémie KorchiaMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI, USA
Amy L. MacNeillColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO, USA
Ashley K. McGrewColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO, USA
Preface
The objective of this text is to provide a thorough, practical guide to clinical pathology. It is directed toward veterinary technician students, veterinary technicians in practice, and veterinarians in general practice. Included in this text are learning objectives for students and educators, many high‐quality images of techniques, instrumentation, microscopic cells, organisms, and patients. Each chapter contains cases meant to allow the student to understand the practical application of the material.
About the Companion Website
This book is accompanied by a companion website:
www.wiley.com/go/macneill_barger_clinicalpathology2e
The website includes:
Instructor questions
Answers to the Multiple Choice Questions that are in the book
Powerpoints of all figures from the book
The password for the site is the last word in the caption for Figure 3.11.
