Diagnostic Imaging and Anatomy in Acute Care E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Image-focused introductory text exploring various contemporary radiology modalities including X-ray, CT, Nuclear medicine, MRI, Ultrasound, and Interventional
Diagnostic Imaging and Anatomy in Acute Care provides an overview of imaging modalities, focusing on plain radiology, CT, ultrasound and MRI. Nuclear medicine and interventional radiology are also included in cases relevant to acute care. To aid in reader understanding, this book includes a multitude of pictures annotated with clinically relevant anatomy, enabling readers to compare normal anatomy with pathology and cross reference with previous anatomical knowledge.
Diagnostic Imaging and Anatomy in Acute Care includes discussion on:
- How to effectively utilize radiology services when managing acute cases which are commonly present in emergency and urgent care
- Tips for dealing with time-sensitive situations where immediate reporting is not available
- Specific terminology pertaining to each different modality and how each modality can be interpreted systematically
- Methods to identify key abnormalities through effective usage of pattern recognition
Diagnostic Imaging and Anatomy in Acute Care is an essential reference on this subject for front line clinicians involved in acute care, specialty doctors who would like to know more about imaging modalities, nurses and allied health professionals with an interest in anatomy and imaging, and students of the above disciplines.
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Seitenzahl: 328
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024
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Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
List of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgement
Abbreviations
About the Companion Website
Chapter 1: Radiology Introduction
1.1 Section/Chapter Order
1.2 Imaging Modalities
1.3 Ionising Radiation
1.4 X‐ray (Plain Radiography)
1.5 Computed Tomography
1.6 Reformatting 3D
1.7 Density of Tissues and Hounsfield Units
1.8 Contrast
1.9 Artefacts
1.10 Nuclear Medicine
1.11 V/Q Scan (Ventilation/Perfusion)
1.12 Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
1.13 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
1.14 Ultrasound
1.15 Take‐home Tips on Radiology Modalities
Further Resources
Section 1: Extremity Section
Chapter 2: Painful Hip
2.1 Primary Case
2.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
2.3 Key Radiology Review
2.4 Review of the Clinical Case
2.5 Take‐home Message – Arthritis
Further Resources
Chapter 3: Hot, Swollen Knee
3.1 Primary Case
3.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
3.3 Key Radiology Review
3.4 Review of the Clinical Case
3.5 Take‐home Message – Septic Arthritis
Further Resources
Chapter 4: Shoulder Injury
4.1 Primary Case
4.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
4.3 Key Radiology Review
4.4 Correlation of Gross Anatomy to Imaging
4.5 Anatomical and Radiological Changes Following a Dislocation
4.6 Take‐home Message – Trauma
Chapter 5: Painful Ankle
5.1 Primary Case
5.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
5.3 Key Radiology Review
5.4 Review of the Clinical Case
5.5 Take‐home Message – Tendon Rupture
Further Resources
Section 2: Pelvis Section
Chapter 6: Urinary Retention
6.1 Primary Case
6.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
6.3 Key Radiology Review
6.4 Correlating the Anatomy with the US Image
6.5 Final Diagnosis
6.6 Other Imaging
6.7 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Urinary Retention
Further Resources
Chapter 7: Heavy Painful Periods
7.1 Primary Case
7.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
7.3 Key Radiology Review
7.4 Review of the Clinical Case
7.5 Final Diagnosis
7.6 Take‐home Message – Imaging of Uterus
Chapter 8: Severe Pelvic Pain
8.1 Primary Case
8.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
8.3 Key Radiology Review
8.4 Review of the Clinical Case
8.5 Final Diagnosis
8.6 Take‐home Message – Imaging of Acute Gynaecology Pathology
Further Resources
Chapter 9: Testicle Pain
9.1 Primary Case
9.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
9.3 Key Radiology Review
9.4 Review of the Clinical Case
9.5 Final Diagnosis
9.6 Take‐home Message – Testicular Pain
Further Resources
Section 3: Respiratory Section
Chapter 10: Thoracic Stabbing
10.1 Primary Case
10.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
10.3 Key Radiology Review
10.4 Correlating the Anatomy with the CT Image
10.5 Review of the Clinical Case
10.6 Final Diagnosis
10.7 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Trauma
Further Resources
Chapter 11: Blunt Chest Trauma
11.1 Primary Case
11.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
11.3 Key Radiology Review
11.4 Correlating the Anatomy with the CT Image
11.5 Review of the Clinical Case
11.6 Final Diagnosis
11.7 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Trauma
Further Resources
Chapter 12: Acute Dyspnoea
12.1 Primary Case
12.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
12.3 Key Radiology Review
12.4 Review of the Clinical Case
12.5 Final Diagnosis
12.6 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Pneumonia
Further Resources
Chapter 13: Chronic Cough and Dyspnoea
13.1 Primary Case
13.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
13.3 Key Radiology Review
13.4 Review of the Clinical Case
13.5 Review of the Clinical Case
13.6 Final Diagnosis
13.7 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Lung Cancer
Further Resources
Section 4: Cardiac Section
Chapter 14: Penetrating Trauma
14.1 Primary Case
14.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
14.3 Key Radiology Review
14.4 Correlating the Anatomy with the CT Image
14.5 Review of the Clinical Case
14.6 Take‐home Message – Pericardiac Imaging
Further Resources
Chapter 15: Chronic Shortness of Breath
15.1 Primary Case
15.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
15.3 Key Radiology Review
15.4 Correlation to Anatomy on Echocardiography
15.5 Review of the Clinical Case
15.6 Take‐home Message – Valve Imaging
Further Resources
Chapter 16: Chest Pain and Syncope
16.1 Primary Case
16.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
16.3 Key Radiology Review
16.4 Correlation to Anatomy on Cardiac CT
16.5 Review of the Clinical Case
16.6 Take‐home Message – Ischaemic Heart Disease Imaging
Further Resources
Chapter 17: Acute Shortness of Breath
17.1 Primary Case
17.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
17.3 Key Radiology Review
17.4 Correlation to Anatomy
17.5 Review of the Clinical Case
17.6 Take‐home Message – Imaging in PE
Further Resources
Section 5: Abdominal Section
Chapter 18: Blunt Trauma
18.1 Primary Case
18.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
18.3 Key Radiology Review
18.4 Correlating the Anatomy with the CT Image
18.5 Review of the Clinical Case
18.6 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Trauma
Further Resources
Chapter 19: Right Upper Quadrant Pain
19.1 Primary Case
19.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
19.3 Key Radiology Review
19.4 Review of the Clinical Case
19.5 Other Related Conditions
19.6 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Gallstones
Further Reading
Chapter 20: General Abdominal Pain
20.1 Primary Case
20.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
20.3 Key Radiology Review
20.4 Review of the Clinical Case
20.5 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Obstruction
Further Resources
Chapter 21: Flank Pain
21.1 Primary Case
21.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
21.3 Key Radiology Review
21.4 Review of the Clinical Case
21.5 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Kidney Stones
Further Resources
Chapter 22: Back Pain
22.1 Primary Case
22.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
22.3 Key Radiology Review
22.4 Review of the Clinical Case
22.5 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Further Resources
Section 6: Spine Section
Chapter 23: Acute Back Pain
23.1 Primary Case
23.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
23.3 Key Radiology Review
23.4 Review of the Clinical Case
23.5 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Back Pain
Further Resources
Chapter 24: Back Pain and Leg Weakness
24.1 Primary Case
24.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
24.3 Key Radiology Review
24.4 Review of the Clinical Case
24.5 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Back Pain
Further Resources
Chapter 25: Trauma with Limb Weakness
25.1 Primary Case
25.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
25.3 Key Radiology Review
25.4 Review of the Clinical Case
25.5 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Traumatic Spine Injury
Further Resources
Chapter 26: Back Pain and Fever
26.1 Primary Case
26.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
26.3 Key Radiology Review
26.4 Review of the Clinical Case
26.5 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Suspected Discitis
Further Resources
Section 7: Head Section
Chapter 27: Sudden Severe Headache
27.1 Primary Case
27.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
27.3 Key Radiology Review
27.4 Review of the Clinical Case
27.5 Take‐home Message – Imaging in AtraumaticHeadache
Further Resources
Chapter 28: Sudden Weakness
28.1 Primary Case
28.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
28.3 Key Radiology Review
28.4 Review of the Clinical Case
28.5 Management
Further Resources
Chapter 29: Head Injury
29.1 Primary Case
29.2 Radiology Self‐assessment
29.3 Key Radiology Review
29.4 Review of the Clinical Case
29.5 Other Types of Brain Haemorrhage
29.6 Take‐home Message – Imaging in Atraumatic Headache
Further Resources
INDEX
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1 Approximate radiation doses for various types of exposure.
Table 1.2 Contrast phase, timing and use.
Table 1.3 MRI sequences.
Chapter 28
Table 28.1 Cerebral Sites Associated with the Patient's Presenting Signs.
Table 28.2 Speed of Onset and likely Neurological condition.
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 Axial (a) and sagittal views (b). The latter is taken in the midl...
Figure 1.2 CT sacrum – bone window: (a) sagittal view (b) oblique coronal sl...
Figure 1.3 Orientation of a patient in the CT scanner and axial cranial scan...
Figure 1.4 First observe the sagittal image. On its own, it is very difficul...
Figure 1.5 The Hounsfield Unit (HU) scale. Water is fixed at 0 and air is fi...
Figure 1.6 Axial CT head on brain (a) and bone (b) windows – unenhanced. Fam...
Figure 1.7 Changes in density of blood on CT over time.
Figure 1.8 (a) CT head – brain window – axial view. This unenhanced CT head ...
Figure 1.9 Axial CT head on bone windows showing movement artefact. The imag...
Figure 1.10 Axial CT pelvis on soft tissue windows showing photon starvation...
Figure 1.11 (a) Coronal MRI STIR sequence of the pelvis. There are bilateral...
Figure 1.12 MRI signal intensity of haematomas. Hyperacute haemorrhage (hour...
Figure 1.13 Axial MRI T2, DWI and ADC sequences, demonstrating ‘T2 shine‐thr...
Figure 1.14 Axial ultrasound of the pelvis, showing orientation of the probe...
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 Patient A. AP pelvis X‐ray.
Figure 2.2 Normal pelvis X‐ray. A normal synovial joint will have a gap visi...
Figure 2.3 Patient A. AP right hip X‐ray, annotated. The four radiological f...
Figure 2.4 AP pelvis X‐ray, rheumatoid arthritis. This patient has a long‐st...
Figure 2.5 Oblique X‐ray hallux showing gout in the first metatarsophalangea...
Figure 2.6 AP and lateral knee X‐ray showing pseudogout or calcium pyrophosp...
Figure 2.7 Patient A following total hip replacement. AP right hip X‐ray. Th...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Patient A. Left knee X‐ray anterior posterior (AP) (a) and latera...
Figure 3.2 (a) Patient A. MRI left knee, sagittal PDFS; (b) axial PDFS. PDFS...
Figure 3.3 Normal knee X‐ray, AP (a) and lateral (b) projections. F, femur; ...
Figure 3.4 A useful way to remember the difference between valgus (valgum) a...
Figure 3.5 Normal knee. (a) Lateral plain X‐ray. (b) Sagittal proton ...
Figure 3.6 MRI view of a normal knee using T1 (left) and PDFS (right) sequen...
Figure 3.7 (a) Posterolateral view of the right knee with the femur in place...
Figure 3.8 Normal knee. (a) Coronal T1 showing the relative slice positions....
Figure 3.9 (a) Normal knee. Coronal T1 showing the course of the collateral ...
Figure 3.10 Superior view of the right tibial plateau. In comparison to the ...
Figure 3.11 Normal right knee. (a) Axial PDFS through the menisci showing th...
Figure 3.12 Patient A annotated. Left knee X‐ray AP (a) and lateral (b) proj...
Figure 3.13 An AP X‐ray of a different patient with osteomyelitis of the hal...
Figure 3.14 Patient A. MRI left knee, (a) sagittal PDFS; (b) axial PDFS. The ...
Figure 3.15 Normal comparison MRI knee, sagittal PDFS (a) and axial PDFS (b)...
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 Clinical picture of Patient B on presentation to the Emergency De...
Figure 4.2 Patient B. Plain radiographs of the right shoulder. (a) AP projec...
Figure 4.3 AP and lateral X‐ray projections of the right shoulder. Recall th...
Figure 4.4 AP, axial and Y view are the three commonly used views in the sho...
Figure 4.5 There is a further projection termed a ‘true AP glenohumeral proj...
Figure 4.6 Annotated. AP, axial and Y view are the three commonly used views...
Figure 4.7 Anterior view of the right glenohumeral joint showing its relatio...
Figure 4.8 The right glenohumeral joint, subacromial bursa; supraspinatus an...
Figure 4.9 Axial CT on bone windows. The humeral head should sit on the glen...
Figure 4.10 Patient B. Right shoulder X‐ray AP (a) and axial (b) ...
Figure 4.11 An axial CT on bone windows taken after the dislocation was redu...
Figure 4.12 Coronal MRI STIR (upper) and ultrasound images (lower) showing a...
Figure 4.13 Right shoulder X‐ray AP (a) and axial (b) projections. This show...
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 Simmonds test. The calf is squeezed while the foot is dangling of...
Figure 5.2 Patient A. Lateral ankle X‐ray.
Figure 5.3 Patient A. Ultrasound of left Achilles tendon.
Figure 5.4 Normal ankle X‐ray, AP and lateral. Tib, tibia; F, fibula; C, cal...
Figure 5.5 Normal long axis ultrasound of the Achilles tendon. Conventionall...
Figure 5.6 Posterior view of the right ankle showing the Achilles tendon and...
Figure 5.7 Lateral ankle X‐ray for patient A and a normal comparison. There ...
Figure 5.8 There is a tear in the Achilles tendon 4.5 cm from the insertion....
Figure 5.9 Close‐up view of rupture area in Figure 5.8. One ultrasound featu...
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Bladder scan image (left) and a conventional ultrasound (US) whic...
Figure 6.2 Diagram showing the transverse transabdominal view of the bladder...
Figure 6.3 Transverse ultrasound of a normal bladder and prostate. By conven...
Figure 6.4 Patient A. Transabdominal bladder ultrasound. Three dimensions ar...
Figure 6.5 MRI sagittal T2 sequences showing normal anatomy (left) compared ...
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 Patient A. Transabdominal ultrasound pelvis in the sagittal plane...
Figure 7.2 Anteverted uterine anatomy on transabdominal (left) and transvagi...
Figure 7.3 Retroverted uterine anatomy on transabdominal (left) and transvag...
Figure 7.4 Patient A imaging review. Sagittal ultrasound pelvis (left), MRI ...
Figure 7.5 Diagram of types of uterine fibroid by anatomical location.
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Patient A. Transverse (right) and sagittal (left) views from a tr...
Figure 8.2 Examples of Doppler ultrasound use. (a) Doppler is excellent for ...
Figure 8.3 Female pelvic organs from above, showing the transverse suprapubi...
Figure 8.4 Transabdominal ultrasound of a normal ovary. Transverse and longi...
Figure 8.5 Patient A. Transabdominal ultrasound pelvis in transverse (right)...
Figure 8.6 Patient A. Transabdominal ultrasound of right ovary with Doppler....
Figure 8.7 Patient A. Transabdominal ultrasound longitudinal view of hepator...
Figure 8.8 CT pelvis with contrast, axial slices. Tubo‐ovarian abscess (left...
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 Patient A. Scrotal ultrasound.
Figure 9.2 Diagram showing scrotal anatomy.
Figure 9.3 Ultrasound artefacts, using an epidydimal cyst as an example.
Edg
...
Figure 9.4 Normal testicular ultrasound. Both testes should be symmetrical i...
Figure 9.5 Patient A. Scrotal ultrasound showing epididymo‐orchitis. The lef...
Figure 9.6 Ultrasound in a missed right testicular torsion. This patient pre...
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 Patient A. Axial CT thorax on lung windows. Review the scan, pay...
Figure 10.2 Patient A. Axial CT on lung window, soft tissue window and bone ...
Figure 10.3 Axial CT on soft tissue windows, demonstrating the effect of IV ...
Figure 10.4 Anatomical diagram showing the pleura. Note how the parietal ple...
Figure 10.5 Axial CT thorax on lung windows. The parietal pleura is not ...
Figure 10.6 Coronal and sagittal CT thorax on lung windows. The fissures sep...
Figure 10.7 Erect PA CXR. There is a small right apical pneumothorax. These ...
Figure 10.8 Axial and sagittal CT thorax on lung windows. There is a small‐v...
Figure 10.9 Patient A. Axial CT thorax on lung windows, annotated. There is ...
Figure 10.10 Chest ultrasound showing pneumothorax. (a) A conventional ultra...
Figure 10.11 Axial CT thorax on lung windows. There is a large left‐sided pn...
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 Patient A. Axial CT thorax, lung window, soft tissue window and ...
Figure 11.2 Axial CT of the thorax on soft tissue windows. Both of these pat...
Figure 11.3 Axial CT of the thorax on bone windows at the level of the thora...
Figure 11.4 Patient A: the
lung window
is useful to check the airways and lu...
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 Patient A. CXR PA projection.
Figure 12.2 Patient A. CXR PA projection. Interpretation using the ABCDE sys...
Figure 12.3 CXR AP projection of a patient with acute COVID pneumonitis. Thi...
Figure 12.4 CXR PA projection of a patient with active TB. There is bilatera...
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1 Patient A investigations. (a) CXR. (b) Coronal CT thorax on lung...
Figure 13.2 Axial PET, CT and PET/CT scan through the heart. The PET compone...
Figure 13.3 Coronal CT thorax and axial CT thorax on lung windows. Note the ...
Figure 13.4 Axial CT thorax on bone windows (a) and mediastinal windows (b)....
Figure 13.5 Patient A. CXR and coronal CT thorax on lung windows. There is c...
Figure 13.6 CXR and axial CT on lung windows. There is a small area of linea...
Figure 13.7 Patient A. Axial CT thorax on lung windows and axial PET/CT. The...
Figure 13.8 CXR and coronal CT thorax on soft tissue window. This shows a mi...
Figure 13.9 A CXR showing left upper lobe collapse. There is increased densi...
Figure 13.10 CXR, coronal CT thorax on soft tissue window. Left lower lobe c...
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1 Subcostal ultrasound of the heart.
Figure 14.2 Axial CT, with contrast on soft tissue windows at the level of t...
Figure 14.3 Anterior view of the mediastinum. The attachments of the fibrous...
Figure 14.4 (a) Position of ultrasound probe when obtaining a subcostal view...
Figure 14.5 Axial CT with contrast, soft tissue windows. (a) Level of ascend...
Figure 14.6 Patient A. Subcostal ultrasound of the heart. The ventricles are...
Figure 14.7 Patient A. Axial CT on soft tissue windows through the heart. Th...
Chapter 15
Figure 15.1 Echocardiogram. Four‐chamber view. Still image in systole with c...
Figure 15.2 (a) Position of ultrasound probe when obtaining a four‐chamber v...
Figure 15.3 (a) Position of ultrasound probe when obtaining a short axis par...
Figure 15.4 (a) Position of ultrasound probe when obtaining a long axis para...
Figure 15.5 Patient A echocardiogram. Four‐chamber view of the heart. Still ...
Chapter 16
Figure 16.1 ECG‐gated cardiac CT of the left coronary artery (LCA).
Figure 16.2 Axial CT thorax on soft tissue windows. Standard CT with portal ...
Figure 16.3 (a) 3D rendering of the cardiac CT. Superior view. Right ventric...
Figure 16.4 (a) 3D rendering of cardiac CT. Inferior view. This demonstrates...
Figure 16.5 ECG‐gated cardiac CT of aortic root, oblique coronal plane (left...
Figure 16.6 ECG‐gated cardiac CT at the level of the mitral valve (left) and...
Figure 16.7 Vessel mapping on cardiac CT in a normal patient. This is the le...
Figure 16.8 Patient A. ECG‐gated cardiac CT of the left coronary artery (LCA...
Figure 16.9 PCI images (a) before stenting (b) after stenting. Note the poor...
Chapter 17
Figure 17.1 Patient A. CTPA. Axial on soft tissue windows. (Top) Level of th...
Figure 17.2 Bolus tracking. (a) Axial non‐contrast CT thorax (planning scan)...
Figure 17.3 (a) Normal perfusion scan. (b) Pulmonary embolism on a V/Q scan....
Figure 17.4 Normal axial CTPA through the heart. The interventricular septum...
Figure 17.5 Different patient with pulmonary embolism, right heart strain an...
Figure 17.6 Patient A. CTPA. Axial on soft tissue windows. (a) Level of the ...
Chapter 18
Figure 18.1 Patient A. CT with contrast. (Left) Axial view – upper abdominal...
Figure 18.2 Axial CT of the upper abdomen with contrast. Normal case. The sp...
Figure 18.3 Sagittal anatomical cross‐section through the right midclavicula...
Figure 18.4 Coronal CT abdomen with contrast showing Morison's pouch (hepato...
Figure 18.5 Axial and sagittal CT pelvis with contrast showing the vesicorec...
Figure 18.6 Patient A. Axial CT upper abdomen with contrast. The dark (hypod...
Figure 18.7 Abdominal ultrasound of the RUQ showing free fluid between the l...
Figure 18.8 Patient A. Axial and sagittal CT pelvis with contrast showing fr...
Figure 18.9 Fluoroscopic (X‐ray) images from endovascular coiling. On the le...
Chapter 19
Figure 19.1 Patient A. Ultrasound of the RUQ, showing gallbladder and common...
Figure 19.2 Patient A. MRCP, heavily T2‐weighted coronal slice through the c...
Figure 19.3 Diagram showing a coronal view of the biliary tree and surroundi...
Figure 19.4 Normal right upper quadrant (RUQ) ultrasound, subcostal view sho...
Figure 19.5 Normal MRCP, heavily T2‐weighted coronal view. The positions of ...
Figure 19.6 Patient A. Ultrasound of the RUQ, showing gallbladder and common...
Figure 19.7 CT upper abdomen with contrast, coronal plane, soft tissue windo...
Figure 19.8 (a) CT upper abdomen with contrast, coronal plane, soft tissue w...
Figure 19.9 Ultrasound of RUQ showing two different patients with gallstones...
Figure 19.10 Axial CT of abdomen with IV contrast, soft tissue window. This ...
Chapter 20
Figure 20.1 Patient A. Abdominal X‐ray.
Figure 20.2 Patient A. Axial CT of the mid‐abdomen with contrast.
Figure 20.3 Examples of normal abdominal X‐rays. (a) This patient has gas in...
Figure 20.4 Axial CT through the mid‐abdomen with contrast. (a) Minimal visc...
Figure 20.5 Selected axial CT slices of the abdomen, post contrast. AXR from...
Figure 20.6 Patient A. Abdominal X‐ray. There is a centrally dilated loop of...
Figure 20.7 Patient A. Axial CT of the mid‐abdomen with contrast. There is a...
Figure 20.8 Types of bowel obstruction. It is important to distinguish betwe...
Chapter 21
Figure 21.1 CT KUB of patient A. (a) Axial slice at level of the kidneys. (b...
Figure 21.2 The urinary tract and the anatomical sites of ureteral narrowing...
Figure 21.3 CT KUB technique. The scan is performed with the patient prone. ...
Figure 21.4 Rationale for prone CT KUB. On a supine CT, when a stone is seen...
Figure 21.5 Example of a modified stone score and investigation pathway. Thi...
Figure 21.6 CT KUB of patient. (a) Axial slice at the level of the kidneys s...
Figure 21.7 (Left) Axial CT KUB at the level of the bladder. (Right) AP pelv...
Figure 21.8 Axial and coronal CT KUB of the kidneys. There are Randall’s pla...
Figure 21.9 Ultrasound technique. The kidneys are relatively posterior in lo...
Figure 21.10 Long axis ultrasound of the right kidney. Normal (left image), ...
Chapter 22
Figure 22.1 Patient A. CT angiogram. (Left) Axial slice at the level of the ...
Figure 22.2 Normal CT angiogram aorta. The top two images are axial slices t...
Figure 22.3 Ultrasound and CT images of an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneur...
Figure 22.4 Axial and coronal CT angiogram aorta, showing a left common ilia...
Figure 22.5 Patient A, CT angiogram aorta. There is an infrarenal abdominal ...
Figure 22.6 Patient A underwent emergency endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR...
Chapter 23
Figure 23.1 Patient A. Lateral thoracolumbar spine X‐ray.
Figure 23.2 (a) Lateral anatomical view of the vertebral column. The right i...
Figure 23.3 Spinal alignment in the thoracolumbar region. Most malalignments...
Figure 23.4 Patient A. Lateral thoracolumbar spine X‐ray. There is a wedge f...
Figure 23.5 DEXA scan showing osteoporosis. The process consists of firstly ...
Figure 23.6 Thoracolumbar Injury Classification and Severity score (TLICS), ...
Figure 23.7 Patient A. Sagittal MRI and CT of lumbar spine. Acute vertebral ...
Figure 23.8 Posterior view of the fourth lumbar vertebra showing the right a...
Figure 23.9 Lateral X‐ray and sagittal CT scan showing a pars defect. There ...
Chapter 24
Figure 24.1 Patient A, MRI lumbar spine. The axial slice is at the level ind...
Figure 24.2 Sagittal T2 and T1 of the normal lumbar spine, axial T2 through ...
Figure 24.3 Axial T2 MRI through the spinal canal at L4. Note the dark spina...
Figure 24.4 Distribution of the spinal nerves. Note there are eight cervical...
Figure 24.5 Relationship between spinal cord, nerve roots and spinal canal i...
Figure 24.6 Sagittal T2 through the exit foramina. Axial T2 through L4/5 exi...
Figure 24.7 MRI lumbar spine annotated. There is low T2 signal in the L5/S1 ...
Figure 24.8 Disc pathology terminology.When over 25% of the disc extends o...
Chapter 25
Figure 25.1 Patient A. CT cervical spine, showing a midline sagittal view an...
Figure 25.2 Patient A. MRI cervical spine, showing sagittal T2 and sagittal ...
Figure 25.3 Normal cervical spine anatomy as seen on plain radiology and CT,...
Figure 25.4 Anatomical diagram showing the facet joint (yellow ring). These ...
Figure 25.5 Normal MRI of the cervical spine, sagittal T2 and sagittal STIR ...
Figure 25.6 Patient A. CT cervical spine, showing a midline sagittal view an...
Figure 25.7 Prevertebral soft tissue swelling. Normal lateral C spine X‐ray ...
Figure 25.8 Patient A. MRI cervical spine, showing sagittal T2 and sagittal ...
Figure 25.9 Anatomical relationship between occipital/C1/C2 articulation. No...
Chapter 26
Figure 26.1 MRI lumbar spine with contrast.
Figure 26.2 Cut‐away diagrams of the thoracic spinal canal showing the epidu...
Figure 26.3 Pre‐ and postcontrast T1 fat saturation sequences (T1FS), sagitt...
Figure 26.4 Patient A. MRI lumbar spine with contrast. The T2 and STIR seque...
Figure 26.5 Patient A. Additional axial postcontrast T1FS through L5. This s...
Figure 26.6 Sagittal CT of lumbar spine on bone windows comparing discitis a...
Chapter 27
Figure 27.1 Patient A. Axial CT head on brain windows – non‐contrast.
Figure 27.2 Patient A. Axial CT head angiogram maximum intensity projection ...
Figure 27.3 Modified axial CT (a) and the CT scout view (b) showing the angl...
Figure 27.4 Right anterior view showing the main cerebral arteries and their...
Figure 27.5 Normal axial and sagittal CT images in the same patient using th...
Figure 27.6 Intracranial vasculature. (a) Left posterior view. View of the b...
Figure 27.7 The internal carotids and carotid canal. CT angiogram on a modif...
Figure 27.8 The vertebral and basilar arteries plus midline venous structure...
Figure 27.9 (a) A skyline view showing the location of the ventricles and ve...
Figure 27.10 CT head on brain windows – unenhanced. The level of the axial s...
Figure 27.11 CT showing the location of the basal cisterns and corresponding...
Figure 27.12 Axial CT head on brain windows – unenhanced. The paired lateral...
Figure 27.13 Patient A. Annotated axial CT head on brain windows. There is a...
Figure 27.14 Patient A. Axial CT head on brain windows at the level of the f...
Figure 27.15 CT head, brain window – axial view. This is a different patient...
Figure 27.16 Patient A. Annotated CT angiogram showing a left PCOM (posterio...
Figure 27.17 (a) T2 MRI, modified coronal plane through the basilar tip (see...
Chapter 28
Figure 28.1 Patient A. Axial CT head on brain windows at the level of the su...
Figure 28.2 Patient A. Axial CT angiogram (CTA) of the brain maximum intensi...
Figure 28.3 Axial MRI head, T1, T2 and FLAIR (fluid‐attenuated inversion rec...
Figure 28.4 Axial MRI head, diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), apparent diffu...
Figure 28.5 (a) External surface of the brain seen from the top and left sid...
Figure 28.6 Axial CT on brain windows: brain anatomy (images 1–4). Sagittal ...
Figure 28.7 Axial MRI brain, T2 sequence. Normally vessels are black on T2, ...
Figure 28.8 MRI head, FLAIR sequence, axial and coronal slices. Annotation s...
Figure 28.9 Axial CT angiogram of the brain, maximum intensity projection (M...
Figure 28.10 Patient A. Axial CT head on brain windows at the level of the s...
Figure 28.11 Ageing an infarct. Axial CT head on brain windows. At initial p...
Figure 28.12 Patient A. Axial CT angiogram of the brain MIP at the level of ...
Figure 28.13 Axial DWI and ADC sequences, MRI brain. As the brain changes ar...
Figure 28.14 Patient A. CT head, coronal MIP fluoroscopic‐guided mechanical ...
Chapter 29
Figure 29.1 Patient A. Head injuries sustained during an assault.
Figure 29.2 Patient A. Selected axial CT slices. Review the brain – axial CT...
Figure 29.3 Normal scalp anatomy on CT. This is an axial CT on a soft tissue...
Figure 29.4 Axial CT head on bone windows, at the level of the skull base. T...
Figure 29.5 Axial CT on bone windows to illustrate the skull anatomy at four...
Figure 29.6 CT head showing suture anatomy. Images 1–3 are axial slices on b...
Figure 29.7 A 3D rendering going from progressively superficial from (a) sku...
Figure 29.8 Patient A. Axial CT on brain windows. Right‐sided extradural hae...
Figure 29.9 Patient A. Axial CT on soft tissue windows. There is a right‐sid...
Figure 29.10 Patient A. (a) Axial CT on bone windows. (b) 3D reformat of sku...
Figure 29.11 Types of brain herniation. 1 Uncal; 2 downwards transtentorial;...
Figure 29.12 Patient A. Axial CT on brain windows at the level of the (a) se...
Figure 29.13 Axial CT on brain windows, showing an acute right‐sided subdura...
Guide
Cover Page
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
List of Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgement
Abbreviations
About the Companion Website
Begin Reading
Index
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
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Diagnostic Imaging and Anatomy in Acute Care
Edited by
Joshua Lauder
East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust
University of Central Lancashire
Clitheroe, UK and
University of Manchester
Skin & Bones Medical, Head of Imaging
Manchester, UK
Peter Driscoll
Faculty Lead for Clinical Anatomy
School of Medicine and Dentistry
University of Central Lancashire
Preston, UK
This edition first published 2025© 2025 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data Applied forPaperback ISBN: 9781119809449
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Dr Shofiq Al‐Islam MBChB, BSc, FRCR
East Lancashire Hospitals NHS TrustBlackburn, UK
Dr Sanjay Banypersad MBChB, BMedSci (Hons), FRCP (London), MD (UCL)
East Lancashire Hospitals NHS TrustBlackburn, UK
Mr Eoghan Donnelly MBChB FRCSOrth
NHS Greater Glasgow and ClydeGlasgow, UK
Professor Peter Driscoll BSc (Hon), MSc, MD, FRCS(Ed), FRCEM
School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Central LancashirePreston, UK
Mr Patrick Green MBChB, Mres, MRCS
Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation TrustLiverpool, UK
Mr Lee Hoggett MBChB (Hon), PGCert (Med Ed), FRCS, FHEA
Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Health EducationEngland North WestPreston, UK
Dr Joshua Lauder MBChB, FRCR
East Lancashire Hospitals NHS TrustUniversity of Central LancashireClitheroe, UK andUniversity of ManchesterSkin & Bones Medical Limited, Head of ImagingBlackburn, UK
Dr Benjamin Layton BSc, MSc, BMBS, FRCR
Morecambe Bay Hospitals TrustLancaster, UK
Dr Onyibo Okafor MBChB, MPH, MRCGP, DRCOG, DGM
Skin & Bones Medical LimitedBlackburn, UK
Kris Phillips BSc, PGCert
School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Central LancashirePreston, UK
Dr Aleksandr Valkov MSc, PGDip, MD, FRCEM, MRCS (Edin)
Salford Royal Hospital and University of Central LancashireSalford, UK
PREFACE
There is a growing reliance upon imaging in medicine and surgery. Radiology is a rapidly expanding sector and with this expansion comes increasing complexity. This book will give the reader a contemporary overview of the differing radiology modalities: X‐ray, CT, nuclear medicine, MRI, ultrasound and interventional. These will be explored using acute cases which commonly present to emergency and urgent care.
You will see there is a focus on pictures, allowing you to compare normal anatomy with pathology. Radiology relies heavily on pattern recognition, which humans are naturally good at. To help you with this natural talent, the images will be annotated with clinically relevant anatomy. As well as radiological images, there will be relevant anatomical images, allowing cross‐reference with previous anatomical knowledge.
This book is designed to be accessible to many different readerships. Front‐line clinicians involved in acute care should find the array of clinical cases relevant to their practice. Specialty doctors who would like to know more about imaging modalities will find this a useful starting point before more focused specialty‐specific resources. Nurses and allied health professionals with an interest in anatomy and imaging will benefit from the variety of pathology and imaging displayed. Students of the above disciplines could use this as a starting point to learn about radiology.
After reading this book, you will have a greater understanding of different radiology modalities, their indications, advantages and limitations. You will also begin to able to recognise pathology on imaging, which you can apply to your clinical practice. Finally, the book will equip you with radiology terminology which will improve your understanding of radiology reports.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to acknowledge:
Professor Ian Parkin
the Anatomy department of UCLan
the Radiology department at East Lancashire NHS Hospitals Trust, ELHT.
Thanks to them all.
ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation
In full
AAA
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
ADC
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient
AP
Anteroposterior
AXR
Abdominal X‐ray – plain
CT
Computed Tomography
CT KUB
Computed Tomographic Kidney, Ureter and Bladder
CTPA
Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiogram
CXR
Chest X‐ray – plain
DSA
Digital Subtraction Angiography
DVT
Deep Venous Thrombosis
DWI
Diffusion‐weighted Imaging
eFAST
Extended Focused Assessment using Sonography in Trauma
ERCP
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
EVAR
Endovascular Aneurysm Repair
FIO
2
Fraction of Inspired Oxygen
