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The complete vocabulary build up for improving english
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© Copyright: ISBN 978-93-505742-7-0
DISCLAIMER
While every attempt has been made to provide accurate and timely information in this book, neither the author nor the publisher assumes any responsibility for errors, unintended omissions or commissions detected therein. The author and publisher make no representation or warranty with respect to the comprehensiveness or completeness of the contents provided.
All matters included have been simplified under professional guidance for general information only without any warranty for applicability on an individual. Any mention of an organization or a website in the book by way of citation or as a source of additional information doesn't imply the endorsement of the content either by the author or the publisher. It is possible that websites cited may have changed or removed between the time of editing and publishing the book.
Results from using the expert opinion in this book will be totally dependent on individual circumstances and factors beyond the control of the author and the publisher.
It makes sense to elicit advice from well informed sources before implementing the ideas given in the book. The reader assumes full responsibility for the consequences arising out from reading this book. For proper guidance, it is advisable to read the book under the watchful eyes of parents/guardian. The purchaser of this book assumes all responsibility for the use of given materials and information. The copyright of the entire content of this book rests with the author/publisher. Any infringement / transmission of the cover design, text or illustrations, in any form, by any means, by any entity will invite legal action and be responsible for consequences thereon.
Publisher’s Note
It has been our prime motto and a constant endeavour at the V&S Publishers to publish books of Value and Substance from the time of its inception. With a backlist of about 350 titles to our credit, it’s a great pleasure to inform all our esteemed readers that we have come up with this altogether exclusive series of books on English language and its various usage called the EXC-EL Series or the Excellent English Learning Series.
The series contains a set of four books on various usage of Words and Phrases in English, the significance of Grammar, correct Pronunciation, etc., called English Grammar And Usage, English Vocabulary made Easy, Improve Your Vocabulary and Spoken English to enhance and enrich your vocabulary, increase your command over the language and make you more con? dent and ?uent in your day to day conversations, written and verbal interactions, etc.
As we are all aware of the fact that English as a language has a rich heritage and a long history. It is believed to have originated from the Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Britain by the Germanic invaders or settlers from various parts of north-west Germany and the Netherlands. The Modern English language that we speak, read or write today has undergone extensive changes in the Middle Ages and has been completely transformed with a vast and rich vocabulary which is completely different from its origin in the yesteryears. It has become diverse with words and phrases of other languages, like American, French, Spanish, etc., incorporating into this language making it all the more vast and complicated.
The Modern English of today has innumerable idioms, phrases, proverbs, one-word substitutes, antonyms, synonyms, homophones, homonyms, prefixes, sufixes and acronyms (abbreviations), all of which have been elaborately discussed in this book. Hence, it is a must read for students of all ages, particularly the school going ones.
Contents
Publisher’s Note
Preface
Know the Words
Ways of Learning Words
Begin with A Test
SECTION-1 : Functional Vocabulary
Chapter 1. Words & Words
Countable & Uncountable Noun
Commonly used Countable & Uncountable Nouns
Other Interesting words
Words Commonly Mispronounced
Words Commonly Misspelt
Words Often Misspelt
Words in Plural
Foreign Words
Chapter 2. Words and Formation of Words
Words
Words & Words in English
Formation of Words
Compound Formation
Derivation
Back Formation
Duplication
Conversion
Clipping
Acronyms
Similes & Metaphors
Blending
Word Manufacture
Multiple Formation
Changes in Formation
Chapter 3. Formation of Nouns, Adjectives, Adverbs & Verbs
Formation of Nouns from Verbs
Formation of Abstract Nouns from Concrete Nouns
Formation of Adjectives from Nouns
Formation of Adjectives from Verbs
Formation of Adverbs from Adjectives
Formation of Verbs from Nouns
Formation of Verbs from Adjectives
Chapter 4.Comparison
Chapter 5.Collective Nouns
Collective Nouns & their Usage
Chapter 6.Singular and Plurals Nouns
List of Singular & Plural Nouns
Chapter 7.Adjectives
List of Adjectives
Chapter 8.Verbs
List of Verbs
Chapter 9.Miscellaneous
Adverbs & Conjunctions
Cries of Birds
Sounds of Objects
Terms from the Business World
Words Related to Battle
Common Words from Sanskrit
Compound Words
Words used in Pairs
Chapter 10. Double Letters
Chapter 11. Silent Letters
SECTION-2 : Building Vocabulary
Chapter 12. Prefixes
Chapter 13. Sufixes
Chapter 14. Antonyms: Opposites
Opposite Words
Multiple Opposites
Chapter 15. Synonyms: Similar in Meaning
Multiple Synonyms
Chapter 16. Homonyms: Homophones
Words that We Generally Confuse
Chapter 17. Acronyms
Chapter 18. Abbreviations
Chapter 19. One-word Substitutes
One Word for Many Words
Trades and Professions
Types of People
Government Words
Chapter 20. Words of Daily Use
(a) What to Talk about Television?
(b) What to Talk about Hair?
(c) What to Talk about Food?
(d) What to Talk about Good Things or Persons?
(e) What to Talk about Persons, Personality and Character?
( f ) How to Describe the features of a Man?
(g) What to Talk about Weather?
(h) What to Talk about Beautiful People and Things?
(i) What to Talk about Dances and Dancers?
(j) What to Talk about Travels?
(k) What to Talk about Air Travel?
SECTION 3 : Formal & Informal Words
Chapter 21. American English
Origin of words
Chapter 22. Headline English (Newspaper English)
Noun Phrase
Noun Strings
Various Verb Changes
Different Types of Newspaper Headlines
Chapter 23. Language of Signboard, Notice Board, Ad, etc.
Analysis
Conclusion
Notice Board Writing
Characteristics of Notice Board Writing
Writing Good Advertisements
What's the Significance of a Good Ad?
Chapter 24. Proverbs, Idioms & Idiomatic Expressions
What is a Proverb?
Preface
English Vocabulary made Easy' is a book designed for those who want to enrich their vocabulary; increase their self-awareness in speaking and writing the English language. Correct spelling is fast eroding because of the SMS and Internet language; and to learn the meaning in contextual fashion in a different and effective way without actually reading the meaning or consulting a dictionary.
In 'English Vocabulary made Easy', the words have been presented in various contexts and in many ways. A number of aspects of learning words have been discussed in detail to help the readers accumulate words, build a strong vocabulary and learn the exact and appropriate use of words for an apt and fluent expression of the language.
How words are formed and how do the words grow? All have been shown by examples. Special attention has been paid for developing the inner sense of words and control over spellings.
After going through the English Vocabulary made Easy, readers will feel elated at their progress, and have a clear understanding about the usage of words which will enhance their vision and confidence. The readers will become actively receptive to new words. It is the confidence that counts and the concentration that pays high dividends. English Vocabulary made Easy will give both the confidence and concentration.
The book has been aimed to serve both who feel at home in English and those who are alien to the language. It will easily remove some of the inherent psychological difficulties. Those who are afraid of writing, because of lack of exact words and expressions, will feel an inner urge to write as they learn the exact words for describing different things rather than whatever they wish to describe.
For the sake of saving time, there are people who have invented a special language for SMS, Internet, etc, although they know it well that ‘Time saved is time spent.’ Its popularity has ruined their knowledge of ‘spelling'. When they are employed and are forced to prepare projects by sending reports to their Bosses, they feel shy. This book will shake off that fear and shyness forever.
English Vocabulary made Easy has all the features valuable for the present-day readers who have to communicate something related to the highly untraditional and unfamiliar equipments and the ideas. This will definitely enrich their vocabulary. It will widen their views and attitude; broaden their ideas and their usage of English language making it more appropriate and expressive. Now, it is in your hands to enjoy, utilise and grow enhancing your knowledge with the proper usage of the book. The more you read, the more you can learn to add the different types of words and their usage in your own vocabulary, and this will open new horizons in the form of new and innovative ideas and set a goal for you to find several new words everyday.
Know the Words
1.
Words are wealth to be accumulated and spent; They can’t come from dictionaries or be taken on rent; Words must be learnt and used to have a mastery over
them: If idle or unused, the mind marks them absent.
2.
As sound and word is life and represents the Creator; Words gain sacred entity of the orator, writer and the promoter; Words must be sweet, convincing, right and righteous: The rough language makes one a devil, killer, a traitor.
3.
Words express emotions thickening or thinning; Ideas and impressions pure, healthy or sickening; Words are rich laden with ?avour and fragrance: Truthfully, the words carry and express different and deep meanings.
4.
All such words are useless which are not known; They are non-existent entity if not seen or shown; They are incomplete for they need voice or hand For correct sound or writing: growing or grown.
5.
Words are steps towards re?nement and richness; They bear and feel the burden of a sincere witness; Different meanings stand at different layers graded: Unmitigated stored in their alert, living, inner recess.
Ways of Learning Words
Learning words is fun, a game, a play. Those who enjoy it learn words more easily. One draws pure pleasure from it. One lives, thinks, talks and writes confidently. Life, tests, exams and problems are not difficult or burden for them. Knowing more words, means possessing more ideas, growing intellectually, with greater accuracy; easy analysis and correct solutions. They enjoy command over words which are readily and timely available to them. Hence, they have ready solutions. In this age of projects and reports, command over written language is a boon. For such men, life is always triumphant and challenging.
There are various ways of learning words:
Many students still prefer the alphabetical way of learning words with the help of a dictionary. But it takes a lot of time and labour.
Nowadays, the phonic way of learning words has become very popular. It is P nini’s way. The words are learnt through their basic sounds and roots. Though, English is quite an unscientific language, yet through phonetics, the learned men have tried to give a scientific and logical form and shape to its rich vocabulary, and to search out patterns. The meaning too is to be learnt through sounds and through prefixes and suffixes.
The formation of words gets importance in learning them. It is treated as a better and more lucid way to learn words than the alphabetical method.
One can learn words through ‘roots’ which is the Sanskrit way of learning words. It’s more scientific and cultured. Even the meanings are derived through roots and derivatives. ? Norman Lewis’ book, "Word Power Made Easy" made this way of learning quite popular
Norman Lewis’ book, "Word Power Made Easy" made this way of learning quite popular among the academicians and students. The author takes the root and makes the word grow. He shows the process and establishes the possibilities of meanings: both smoothly and painstakingly.
There is yet another way, known as the Appendix’s way or the subject’s way. In it, a subject is taken and the words related to that subject are given or collected and learnt. In books, it is given at the end as Appendices.
Another interesting way to learn words is through Prefi xes and Suffi xes. They give an idea of spellings without learning them by their roots and also give an insight into the meaning of the words. They elucidate and even explain without using many unnecessary words and sentences.
Memorising words, spellings, meanings, forms, and learning their usage are the primary aspects of English language. This is the reason that it takes many precious years of the learners and yet the mastery remains a mirage.
By following the methods mentioned above, one can acquire better understanding, and enjoy quicker and greater command over the usage of the language.
Of course, there are many ways but ‘no way out'. All the ways end at a blind lane. When the words are under control, the usage spell the fall. Just by following one particular way, one can’t be a master or an expert. If the usage is not underone’s control, then apt and appropriate words confuse. That is why most of the writers and orators have their personal vocabulary and work within those limitations. What the users have to do is to win the race under their own limitations and follow mixed ways or all the ways of learning available.
Because the words in English have been borrowed from various languages; from almost all the major languages of the world, it has very few original words. Some claim it to be only 270 and others raise this number to 700. Other words in English are borrowed. It generally flourishes on borrowed wealth.
For shaking off the monotony created by a one-way traffic of learning, adopt and follow each of the ways of learning words to roar past others on the highway of success riding the powerful vehicle of vocabulary; to move freely in the enchanting lanes of words while stepping on and off the uneven footpaths of usage, and in order to cross over the crowded streets of competitions to walk on the rough roads of jobs.
A very intimate relationship with words and a familiarity with their contours, nature and character will grow and keep one in constant contact and touch with numerous of them; the detailed maps and complete sketches that will be in possession of the learners which will give them access to different regions and sub-regions of life. One will be able to know and absorb their essence and enjoy the power.
Use the given words in the book deliberately and constantly in sentences of your own to make them serve your purpose. The words will come to you at your beck and call, the most appropriate ones at the most opportune moments.
One can’t achieve perfection, but one can come very close to perfection and get the pleasure out of knowledge, friendship and intimacy with words as reputed poets, writers and orators do.
Mind is a natural computer with the configuration of the highest order. It takes things on its own, stores, retains, classifies and supplies them at the most opportune moments. Let your mind grow freely with utmost pleasure and freedom, while playing with words, their structures, meanings and usage.
This will enable you to take a leisure and confident walk on the uneven; turning; familiar footpaths of a long life.
The book, Words and Words contains all the ways and provides ample examples to clear the path for the learners so that they can smoothly pass on.
Words are the symbols of knowledge to accurate thinking. Most of the successful and intelligent people have the biggest vocabulary.
Successful people have greater vocabularies. People who are intellectually alive and successful in the professional world are accustomed to dealing with ideas which come from learning new words.
Begin with A Test
Here are 100 questions. Answer them first. Write your answer on a separate page. Then, check the answers with the answers given at the end of the questions. Don’t read the answers before answering the questions. You won’t be able to evaluate yourself. Tally your score with the grades given after the answers. You will know where you stand? Now, take a copy and a pen; and get started.
Choose the correct spellings and tick (ü) them in the table below.
S.N. a
b
c
1. Gunia
Guinea
Gunea
2. Meditarrean
Mediterranian
Medeterranean
3. Swizerland
Switzerland
Switzarland
4. Whereever
Whereevar
Wherever
5. Mercury
Mercary
Marcury
6. Circumference
Circumferance
Circomference
7. Adjecent
Adjacent
Aidjacent
8. Parler
Parlaur
Parlour
9. Vantilator
Ventilator
Ventilater
10. Safficient
Sufficient
Sufficiant
11. Miscellenous
Miscellaneous
Misllaneous
12. Mantenance
Maintainance
Maintenance
13. Modelled
Modled
Moddled
14. Necessity
Necacity
Necesity
15. Coincide
Coancide
Concide
16. Bouyant
Buoyent
Boyant
17. Asserten
Ascertain
Assertain
18. Autamn
Autumn
Autum
19. Banquette
Banquett
Bankwet
20. Benefiscent
Beneficent
Benificial
Choose the correct word in each of the following sentences.
1. She murmured/whispered in her dream.
2. It was a deadly bait/wait.
3. She heard the announcement/warning and was ready to board the plane.
4. I wondered/wandered lonely as a cloud.
5. I visited a wholly/holy place.
6. They are conscious of people’s warfare/welfare.
7. They wound/wounded the watch on the tower.
8. A balanced waist/waste gives a good shape.
9. He is earning/yearning for a decent job.
10. The duplicate/triplicate was just like him.
11. He was looking for a vacation/vacancy in the paper.
12. It was valuation/value added tax.
13. That shining vehicle is not important/imported.
14. She engaged a tuition/tutor.
15. He was taken/back to hospital after the accident.
16. He can’t show his vacant/empty stomach.
17. The ultimate/urgency was the decisive factor.
18. There was no substitute/substance in him.
19. Technology/mechanics is paying high dividends.
20. Her tamper/temper is a cause of concern for all.
21. The old rule is still in affect/effect.
22. They remained united in averse/adverse conditions.
23. He has no excess/access to the authorities.
24. The book of stories was amended/emended.
25. This book is the best compliment/complement to that one.
26. She has got a pure conscience/consciousness.
27. They all enjoyed the desert/dessert.
28. He faired/fared well in the exam.
29. The dirty water was not potable/portable.
30. The reign/rein was not liked by the people.
31. The decoration was tasty/tasteful.
32. I remembered/recollected her every day.
33. A large number/amount of rice was bought.
34. She was anxious/eager to see him healthy again.
35. Our masons are good artisans/artists.
36. In a month or two, she will be better/well.
37. He is in search of some recruitment/employment.
38. The weather/climate was stormy.
39. Some alterations and editions/additions have been made in this book.
40. He produced written testimony/evidence before the learned judge.
Give a Synonym for each of the following:
1. Proud
2. Peaceful
3. Prohibit
4. Permit
5. Pious
6. Paralyse
7. Pity
8. Plentitude
9. Predecessor
10. Profane
11. Promote
12. Patience
13. Prodigal
14. Preach
15. Precision
16. Premier
17. Prey
18. Primary
19. Prison
20. Private
Give an Antonym for each of the following:
1. Pride
2. Printing
3. Production
4. Progress
5. Prosperity
6. Protection
7. Pleasure
8. Part
9. Pause
10.Pause
11.Permission
12.Pirated
13.Place
14.Plane
15.Playful
16.Pleasant
17.Pollute
18.Prepaid
19.Paltry
20.Pick
Check Your Answers
Give one mark to each of the correct answer.
1.1
1. Guinea
2. Mediterranean
3. Switzerland
4. Wherever
5. Mercury
6. Mediterranean
7. Adjacent
8. Parlour
9. Ventilator
10. Sufficient
11. Miscellaneous
12. Maintenance
13. Modelled
14. Necessity
15. Coincide
16. Buoyant
17. Ascertain
18. Autumn
19. Banquet
20. Beneficial
1.2
1. Murmurred
2. Bait
3. Announcement
4. Wandered
5. Holy
6. Welfare
7. Wound
8. Waist
9. Yearning
10. Duplicate
11. Vacancy
12 Value
13. Imported
14. Tutor
15. Taken
16. Empty
17. Urgency
18. Substance
19. Technology
20. Temper
21. Effect
22. Adverse
23. Access
24. Emended
25. Complement
26. Conscience
27. Dessert
28. Fared
29. Potable
30. Rein
31. Tasteful
32. Remembered
33. Amount
34. Eager
35. Artisan
36. Well
37. Employment
38. Weather
39. Additions
40. Evidence
1.3
1. Vain
2. Quiet
3. Forbid
4. Allow
5. Holy
6. Cripple
7. Brief
8. Maximum
9. Precursor
10. Unholy
11. Elevate
12. Forbearance
13. Spendthrift
14. Teach
15. Accuracy
16. Famous
17. Hunt
18. Main
19. Jail
20. Secret
1.4
1. Humility
2. Writing
3. Destruction
4. Retrograde
5. Adversity
6. Desertion
7. Pain
8. Whole
9. Move
10. Animal
11. Denial
12. Original
13. Remove
14. Uneven
15. Sober
16. Disgusting
17. Clean
18. Postpaid
19. Much
20. Throw
Your score
30 % Very poor ; ; 40 % ; Poor
50 % Average ; ; 60 % ; Good
70 % Grand ; ; ; 80 % ; Superb
SECTION-1
Functional Vocabulary
Chapter 1
Words & Words
Countable & Uncountable Nouns
(A) Nouns can be either be countable or uncountable. Countable nouns are those which can have the word a/an or be used in the plural form. Uncountable nouns are not used with a or an or in plural form. Anexample of a countable noun is:-
We got two children, three cats and a dog.
Example of an uncountable noun:-