Table of Contents
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PREFACE
List of Contributors
Dietary Strategy for Cancer Therapy - Amino Acid Restrictions and beyond
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
THE HETEROGENEITY AND HOMOGENEITY OF CANCER CELLS
Amino Acid Metabolism is the Leading Energy-consuming Process
Leucine Metabolism
Tryptophan Catabolism
Serine Metabolism
Glycine Metabolism
Lysine is a Particularly Important EAA
Arginine Catabolism
Glutamate/Glutamine Metabolism
Methionine Metabolism
Cysteine Metabolism
Amino Acid Signaling in Metabolism
Amino Acid Metabolism in Immune Evasion and Response
Dietary Strategies for Cancer Therapy
Amino Acid Compositions in Foods
Cancer Cachexia
Dietary Immunomodulatory
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
REFERENCES
The Revolutionary Potential of Noble Metal Nanoparticles as Anti-Cancer Agents: State-Of- The-Art Applications and Future Perspectives
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Nanotechnology and Cancer Research
Unique Properties of Nanoparticles
Classification of Nanoparticles
Metal Nanoparticles
NOBLE METAL NANOPARTICLES
Methods of Preparation of Nanoparticles
GOLD NANOPARTICLES
Applications of AuNP
AuNPs in Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy
AuNPs for Imaging
AuNPs in Radiation Therapy
AuNPs as Radiosensitizers
AuNPs in Gene Silencing using SiRNA
AuNPs as Drug Carriers
Synthesis of AuNPs
Chemical Reduction Method of Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis
Brust-Schiffrin Method
Photochemical Reduction of Gold Salts
Laser-based Synthesis
Biogenic Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES (PtNPs)
Synthesis of PtNPs
Chemical Reduction Method of PtNP Synthesis
Polyol Method
Physical Method
Irradiation and Laser Ablation-based Synthesis
Biological Methods
Microorganisms Mediated Particle Synthesis
Applications of PtNPs
Therapeutic Agents for Chemotherapy
Hadron Therapy
SILVER NANOPARTICLES (AgNPs)
Synthesis of AgNPs
Chemical Reduction Method of Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis
The Lee-Meisel Method
The Polyol Method
Creighton Method
Physical Method
Direct Laser Irradiation
Soft Irradiation for AgNP Synthesis
Biogenic Synthesis of AgNPs
Application of AgNPs in Cancer Treatment
AgNPs as Nanoprobes for the Detection of Cancerous Cells
AgNPs as Nanocarriers of Drugs
Anti-angiogenic Activity of AgNPs
COMMON NANOPARTICLE CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUES
CONCLUSION
FUTURE WORK
REFERENCES
Algal Polysaccharides as Promising Anticancer Agents
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
FUCOIDAN
Fucoidan Structure
In Vitro Anticancer Properties of Fucoidan
In Vivo Anticancer Properties of Fucoidan
Relationships Between Structure and Anticancer Activity of Fucoidan
Adjuvant Anticancer Properties of Fucoidan with Clinical Anticancer Drugs
ALGINATE
Alginate Structure
Anticancer Activity of Alginate
Anticancer Potential of Alginate Oligomers
LAMINARIN
Laminarin Structure
In Vitro Anticancer Properties of Laminarin
In Vivo Anticancer Properties of Laminarin
Anticancer Potential of Modified Laminarin
ASCOPHYLLAN
Ascophyllan Structure
Anticancer Potential of Ascophyllan
CARRAGEENAN
Carrageenan Structure
In Vitro Anticancer Potential of Carrageenans
In Vivo Anticancer Potential of Carrageenans
PORPHYRAN
Porphyran Structure
Anticancer Potential of Porphyran
ULVAN
Ulvan Structure
In Vitro Anticancer Potential of Ulvan
In Vivo Anticancer Potential of Ulvan
Relationship Between Anticancer Activity and Ulvan Structure
CALCIUM SPIRULAN
Structure of Calcium Spirulan
Anticancer Potential of Calcium Spirulan
CONCLUSION
References
Cardiotoxicity Caused by Doxorubicin and Trastuzumab: Current Understanding for Future Preventive Strategies
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
CARDIOTOXICITY OF DOXORUBICIN
Clinical Features of Cardiotoxicity Caused by Doxorubicin
Mechanisms of Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity
Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Abnormalities
Topoisomerase IIβ Inhibition
Regulated Cell Death
Electrophysiological Alterations
Calcium Mishandling
Potential Preventive Strategies of Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity
CARDIOTOXICITY OF TRASTUZUMAB
Clinical Features of Cardiotoxicity Caused by Trastuzumab
Mechanisms of Trastuzumab-induced Cardiotoxicity
Oxidative Stress
Myofibrillar Disarray and Apoptosis
Synergistic Cardiotoxicity of Trastuzumab and Anthracyclines
Electrophysiological Alterations
Potential Preventive Strategies of Trastuzumab-induced Cardiotoxicity
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Emodin: Anticancer Agent
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
ANTICANCER STUDIES OF EMODIN
Breast Cancer
Liver Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer
Lung Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Cervical Cancer
Gallbladder Cancer
Leukemia
Colon Cancer
Bone Cancer
Bladder Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Gastric Cancer
Kidney Cancer
Skin Cancer
Glioma
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Anti-Cancer Agents
(Volume 9)
Edited by
Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS
Honorary Life Fellow
Kings College University of Cambridge
England UK
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PREFACE
Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research - Anti-Cancer Agents presents recent developments in therapeutic approaches against various types of cancer. This volume is a valuable addition to the series, serving as an important resource for pharmaceutical scientists, postgraduate students, and researchers who seek updated and critical information for devising research plans in anti-cancer research.
The chapters in this volume are written by eminent authorities in the field. Chapter 1, authored by Kang and Li, discusses dietary strategies for cancer therapy, with a focus on amino acid restrictions in cancer interventions. Verma et al., in Chapter 2, elaborate on the role of noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) in creating an effective anti-cancer therapy paradigm, focusing on theranostics and drug delivery mechanisms.
In Chapter 3, Mohamed Gomaa explores the recent anticancer properties of algal polysaccharides from different algal groups and their modes of action. Chattipakorn et al., in the next chapter, summarize current mechanistic insights into the cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin and trastuzumab, addressing the pathophysiology of contractile dysfunction (cardiomyopathy) and electrical disturbances (arrhythmia). Gaps in knowledge and recommendations for future advances are also discussed to encourage further investigations in the field. Finally, in the last chapter of the book, Ahmad et al. comprehensively summarize the anti-proliferative and anti-carcinogenic properties of emodin.
I hope that the readers will find these reviews valuable and thought-provoking, triggering further research in the quest for new and novel therapies against cancers. I am grateful for the timely efforts made by the editorial personnel, especially Mr. Mahmood Alam (Editorial Director), Mr. Obaid Sadiq (In-charge, Books Department), and Miss Asma Ahmed (Senior Manager, Publications) at Bentham Science Publishers.
Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS
Honorary Life Fellow
Kings College University of Cambridge
England UK
List of Contributors
Ankur JaiswarDepartment of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, IndiaAmit PrabhakarDepartment of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, IndiaAnas IslamFaculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow (U.P.)-226026, IndiaAfreen UsmaniFaculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow (U.P.)-226026, IndiaDeepti VermaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, IndiaJian-Sheng KangClinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, ChinaMohamed GomaaBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, EgyptMohd Aftab SiddiquiFaculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow (U.P.)-226026, IndiaMohammad Saidur RahmanFaculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow (U.P.)-226026, IndiaNimisha RoyDepartment of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad, IndiaNatthaphat Siri-AngkulCardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training (CERT) Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandNipon ChattipakornCardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training (CERT) Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandShu-Ang LiClinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, ChinaSiriporn C. ChattipakornCardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training (CERT) Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, ThailandUsama AhmadFaculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow (U.P.)-226026, India
Dietary Strategy for Cancer Therapy - Amino Acid Restrictions and beyond
Shu-Ang Li1,Jian-Sheng Kang1,*
1 Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, cancer is one of the leading causes of death, particularly in developing countries. The malignant proliferation and survival of cancer cells rely on the biosyntheses of proteins, nucleotides, and fatty acids. Accumulating pieces of evidence demonstrate that amino acid restrictions are valuable for cancer interventions. Meanwhile, folk remedies using dietary strategies are abused and lack solid rationale. To clarify what, why, and how the potential strategy is, here, we update and recommend a dietary strategy for cancer therapy: the intermittent dietary lysine restriction with the normal maize (lysine deficiency) as an intermittent staple food for days, weeks, or even months, will be a feasible strategy for cancer intervention. In addition, dietary and immunomodulatory supplements, such as low protein starchy foods, vegetables, fruit, and mushrooms, may serve as supplements to satisfy the daily needs of micronutrients and the plethora of dishes.
Keywords: Amino acid restriction, Arginine, Cachexia, Cancer, Glutamine, Kwashiorkor, Lysine, Tryptophan.
*Corresponding author Jian-Sheng Kang: Clinical Systems Biology Laboratories, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; E-mail:
[email protected]