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Beschreibung

Frontiers in Natural Product Chemistry is a book series devoted to publishing monographs that highlight important advances in natural product chemistry. The series covers all aspects of research in the chemistry and biochemistry of naturally occurring compounds, including research on natural substances derived from plants, microbes and animals. Reviews of structure elucidation, biological activity, organic and experimental synthesis of natural products as well as developments of new methods are also included in the series.
Volume eight of the series brings seven reviews covering these main themes: marine natural products, neuroprotective natural products, chromenes, coumarin derivatives, and psychedelics. The chapters featured in this volume are:
- Chemistry, Antiviral Properties and Clinical Relevance of Marine Macroalgae and Seagrass
- Quinolizidine Alkaloids from Marine Organisms: A Perspective On Chemical, Bioactivity and Synthesis
- Towards The Use of Whole Natural Products in Psychedelic Research and Therapy: Synergy, Multi-Target Profiles, and Beyond
- Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols
- Neuroprotection with the Functional Herbs from the Lamiaceae Family
- Coumarin Derivatives as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agents for Drug Development
- Recent Progress in The Synthesis and Biological Activity of Chromene and Its Derivatives

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Table of Contents
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General:
PREFACE
List of Contributors
Chemistry, Antiviral Properties and Clinical Relevance of Marine Macroalgae and Seagrass
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
REASON OF SPECIAL INTEREST IN MACROALGAE AND SEAGRASS AS NOVEL ANTIVIRALS
ADJUVANT ROLE OF ALGAL BIOPOLYMERS IN ANTIVIRAL VACCINES
TYPES OF MACROALGAE/SEAWEEDS
Green Algae
Brown Algae
Rhodophyta (Red Algae)
CHEMISTRY OF MARINE METABOLITES HAVING ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY
Sulfated Polysaccharides
Fucoidans
Carrageenans
Ulvans
Lectins
Diterpenes
Polyphenols
Glycolipids
EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL STUDIES ON ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITIES OF SECONDARY METABOLITES OF SEAWEEDS AND SEAGRASS POST 2010
Glycolipid
Lectins
Polyphenols
Sulfated Polysacchrides
Tannins
Terpenes
Seagrass
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Quinolizidine Alkaloids from Marine Organisms: A Perspective on Chemical, Bioactivity and Synthesis
Abstract
Introduction
QUINOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS (QAS) FROM MARINE SPONGES
QUINOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS FROM ASCIDIANS
QUINOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS FROM FUNGI
SYNTHESIS ASPECTS OF QUINOLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS DERIVED FROM MARINE ORGANISMS
Total Synthesis of Petrosin (9), Petrosins A (10) and B (11)
Synthesis of Xestospongin Alkaloids A (12) and C (14)
Total Synthesis of Xestospongin Alkaloids by Hoye et al. (1996) [52]
Total Synthesis by Baldwin et al. [53]
Synthesis of Clavepictines A & B (43 & 44) and Pictamine (45)
Synthesis by Ha and Cha
First-generation Enantioselective Synthesis
Electrophilic Cyclization of δ-Amino Allene
Second Generation Synthesis
Synthesis of cLavepictines and Pictamine
Synthesis by Toyooka et al. [56]
Synthesis by Yu et al. [57]
Total Synthesis of Citrinadins A (46) and B (47) and their Structural Revision
Synthesis of Citrinadin A (46) by Bian et al. [61]
Synthesis of Citrinadin B by Kong et al. [62]
Total Synthesis of Citrinadin A and citrinadin B by Bian et al. [64]
Synthesis of Citrinadin B (47)
CONCLUSION
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Towards the Use of Whole Natural Products in Psychedelic Research and Therapy: Synergy, Multi-Target Profiles, and Beyond
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN COMPOUNDS IN NATURAL PRODUCTS AND THEIR MULTI-TARGET EFFECTS
Interactions in Natural Products
Methods for Assessing Interactions and Synergism
Multi-target Effects of Natural Products: Towards the Polypharmacology Paradigm
Why Natural Products Modulate Multiple Targets
A Symphony Cannot be Whistled. It Takes a Whole Orchestra to Play it
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE THERAPEUTIC USE OF PSYCHOACTIVE ETHNOBOTANICALS
Mechanisms of Action of Psychoactive Ethnobotanicals
Neuroimaging Research
Anti-inflammatory Effects
Neuroendocrine Effects
Psychological Effects
Microdosing as an Emerging Trend
REASONS FOR USING WHOLE NATURAL PRODUCTS IN RESEARCH AND THERAPY WITH PSYCHOACTIVE ETHNONOTANICALS
ETHICAL CONCERNS
Access, Costs, and Reciprocity
Sustainable Polypharmacology
FUTURE CHALLENGES
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Neuroprotective Effects of Polyphenols
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
SOURCES OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
Anti-Oxidative Activity
Anti-inflammatory Activity
Anti-hypertensive Activity
Anti-Neurotoxicity Activity
Autophagic Activity
NEUROPROTECTIVE ROLE OF PCs
Huntington’s Disease
Parkinson’s Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Alzheimer’s Disease
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Epilepsy
Stroke
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
ABBREVIATIONS
References
Neuroprotection with the Functional Herbs from the Lamiaceae Family
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Background and Disease Pathogenesis
Plants as Medicines
Before Common Era-Common Era (6000 BCE- 650 CE)
Middle Ages (500 CE-1500 CE)
Modern era (1500 CE -present)
Lamiaceae Plants
Association Between Lamiaceae Plants and Neuroprotection
PERILLA FRUTESCENS (P. frutescens)
Background
Neuroprotective Effects of P. frutescens
SIDERITIS SCARDICA (S. Scardica)
Background
Neuroprotective Effects of S. scardica
OCIMUM SANCTUM (O. Sanctum)
Background
Neuroprotective Effects of O. sanctum
ORIGANUM SYRIACUM (O. Syriacum)
Background
Neuroprotective Effects of O. syriacum
SATUREJA BACHTIARICA (S. Bachtiarica)
Background
Neuroprotective Effects of S. bachtiarica
ORTHOSIPHON STAMINEUS (O. Stamineus)
Background
Neuroprotective Effect of O. stamineus
STACHYS SIEBOLDII (S. Sieboldii)
Background
Neuroprotective Effects of Stachys sieboldii
POGOSTEMON CABLIN (P. Cablin)
Background
Neuroprotective Effects of P. cablin
PRUNELLA VULGARIS (P. Vulgaris)
Background
Neuroprotective Effects of P. vulgaris
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Coumarin Derivatives as Potential Anti-inflammatory Agents for Drug Development
Abstract
Introduction
Coumarins
Classification of Coumarins
NATURALLY OCCURRING COUMARINS
Structure-activity relationship of Coumarins
Various Synthetically designed coumarin derivatives
Derivatives of Oxadiazole and Thiazole
Derivatives of Mannich Base and Schiff Base
Derivatives of Benzofuran
Alkyl Derivatives
Derivatives of Pyrazole and Isoxazole
Other Derivatives
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Recent Progress in the Synthesis and Biological Activity of Chromene and Its Derivatives
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
SYNTHESIS OF CHROMENE DERIVATIVES
Synthesis of 2H-Chromenes
Synthesis of 4H-Chromenes
Synthesis of Benzochromenes
Synthesis of Benzopyrans
Synthesis of Fused-Chromenes
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CHROMENES
Anti-Cancer Activity
Anti-Inflammatory Activity
Anti-Oxidant Activity
Antimicrobial Activity
SEVERAL METHODS AND STRATEGIES FOR SYNTHESIZING CHROMENE DERIVATIVES
Green Synthesis of Chromenes
Multicomponent Reaction for the Synthesis of Chromenes
Solvent Free Synthesis of Chromenes
Catalytic Synthesis of Chromenes
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Chromenes
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Frontiers in Natural Product Chemistry
(Volume 8)
Edited by
Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS
Kings College
University of Cambridge
Cambridge
UK

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PREFACE

Frontiers in Natural Product Chemistry presents recent advances in the chemistry and biochemistry of naturally occurring compounds. It covers a range of topics, including important researches on natural substances. The book is a valuable resource for pharmaceutical scientists and postgraduate students seeking updated and critically important information on bioactive natural products.

The chapters in this volume are written by eminent authorities in the field. Bose et al., in chapter 1 of the volume, explain recent developments regarding antiviral agents from seaweeds and seagrass. Singh et al., in chapter 2, present a comprehensive review of various quinolizidine and bis-1-oxaquinolizidine alkaloids isolated from marine organisms, presenting their chemical structures and reported biological properties. Ona and Bouso, in chapter 3 of the book, review the use of natural product mixtures instead of isolated compounds thereby combining two recent paradigms: psychedelic assisted therapy on the one side and polypharmacology on the other. Hussain et al., in chapter 4 give a brief overview of the physiological activities of phenolic compounds along with their potential neuroprotective effects . Yeong and Chin discuss the neuroprotective effects and bioactive constituents of common herbs from the Lamiaceae family in chapter 5 of the book. Masoodi et al. review the coumarin derivatives as potential anti-inflammatory agents for drug development in chapter 6. In the last chapter of the book, Eshghi et al. discuss the recent progress in the synthesis and biological activity of chromene and its derivatives.

I hope that the readers will find these reviews valuable and thought-provoking so that they may trigger further research in the quest for new and novel therapies against various diseases. I am grateful for the timely efforts made by the editorial personnel, especially Mr. Mahmood Alam (Director Publications), Mr. Obaid Sadiq (In-charge Books Department), and Miss Asma Ahmed (Senior Manager Publications) at Bentham Science Publishers.

Atta-ur-Rahman, FRS Kings College University of Cambridge Cambridge UK

List of Contributors

Abdul Jalil ShahPharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, IndiaAli ImranInstitute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, PakistanAmna Rashid TariqInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, PakistanArchana SinghBioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula-403004, Goa, India National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Vasco da Gama-403802, Goa, India School of Chemical Sciences, Goa University, Taligao-403001, IndiaAzhar RasulDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, PakistanFaiqa SajidNeurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, PakistanFatemeh PiraniDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1436, IranGenís OnaICEERS - International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service, Barcelona, Spain Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Department of Anthropology, Philosophy and Social Work, Tarragona, SpainGhulam HussainNeurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, PakistanHaseeb AnwarNeurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, PakistanHossein EshghiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1436, IranJosé Carlos BousoICEERS - International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service, Barcelona, Spain Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Medical Anthropology Research Center (MARC), Department of Anthropology, Philosophy and Social Work, Tarragona, SpainJaveria MaqboolNeurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, PakistanKar Wei ChinSchool of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, MalaysiaKeisham S. SinghBioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula-403004, Goa, IndiaKeng Yoon YeongSchool of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, MalaysiaMahsa KhoshnevisDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1436, IranMubashir Hussain MasoodiPharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, IndiaMudasir Maqbool BhatPharmacy Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, IndiaMuhammad Umair ArshadInstitute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, PakistanNazia BandayPharmacognosy Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, IndiaRabia AkramNeurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, PakistanReyaz Hassan MirPharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, IndiaRoohi Mohi-ud-dinPharmacognosy Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, IndiaSaba SabreenPharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir, IndiaSabyasachi BanerjeeGupta College of Technological Sciences, G. T. Road, Asansol 713301, IndiaSankhadip BoseBengal School of Technology, Sugandha, Chuchura, Hooghly – 712102, IndiaSatarupa AcharjeeNSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata – Group of Institutions, 124, B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, IndiaShoaib Ahmad MalikDepartment of Biochemistry, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, PakistanSupriya TilviBioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula-403004, Goa, India

Chemistry, Antiviral Properties and Clinical Relevance of Marine Macroalgae and Seagrass

Satarupa Acharjee1,Sabyasachi Banerjee2,Sankhadip Bose3,*
1 NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata – Group of Institutions, 124, B.L. Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, India
2 Gupta College of Technological Sciences, G. T. Road, Asansol 713301, India
3 Bengal School of Technology, Sugandha, Chuchura, Hooghly – 712102, India

Abstract

Background Marine organisms are always considered as one of the richest sources of natural products. Historically, they are being used as medicines in diverse ailments. In recent years, researchers have reported several primary and secondary metabolites in marine organisms (few examples are macroalgae, sponges, seagrasses, bacteria, microalgae), which serve in numerous disorders, of which 20–25% have shown antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer or anti-inflammatory properties. According to the global pharmaceutical website, there are a total of nine approved pharmaceuticals from a marine source, and apart from this, thirty-one other compounds are currently in a clinical trial.

Objective Discovery of potent antiviral drugs is required currently to mitigate life-threatening viruses. Considerable research exploring the bioactivity of marine macroalgae has been documented, highlighting the immense biochemical diversity of its primary and secondary metabolites with a novel mechanism of action, making them perfect sources for novel antiviral bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical interest.

Methods Databases utilizing bibliographic databanks, such as PubMed, SpringerLink, Elsevier journal, Science Direct, Scopus databases, and Google search were surveyed using keywords anti-viral, seaweeds, antiviral drugs, seagrass, polyphenols, pharmacology, clinical trials.

Results Marine phytoplanktons are found to be the major source of several key medicinal agents (polyphenols, phenolic compounds), which are largely obtained from seaweeds

and seagrasses and have shown promising antiviral activity in cell culture studies. This review explains recent developments regarding antiviral agents from seaweeds and seagrass.

Keywords: Antiviral Drugs, Polyphenols, Seagrass, Seaweeds.
*Corresponding author Sankhadip Bose: Bengal School of Technology, Sugandha, Chuchura, Hooghly – 712102, India; Tel: +91 9932641201; E-mail: [email protected]