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GRAFTED BIOPOLYMERS AS CORROSION INHIBITORS Comprehensive resource explaining the synthesis, characterization, and anticorrosive applications of green and environmentally benign grafted biopolymers and their derivatives Grafted Biopolymers as Corrosion Inhibitors highlight research and technology on sustainable grafted biopolymers as corrosion inhibitors and detail their rapidly emerging features and future research prospects. The many forms of grafted biopolymers and techniques for preventing corrosion are explored in relation to their macromolecular weights, chemical makeup, and distinctive molecular and electronic structures. The book covers state-of-the-art corrosion science and engineering as well as an in-depth, step-by-step exposition of knowledge on numerous corrosion systems and their role in contemporary industry. Each chapter include an introduction, isolation and purification, synthesis methods, worked examples, current applications, and future predictions. Edited and contributed to by well-known researchers, scientists and experts from academia and industry, Grafted Biopolymers as Corrosion Inhibitors includes information on: * Basics of corrosion, economic adverse effects and its mitigation, and past and present developments and future directions of corrosion inhibition * Corrosion inhibitor classification and selection criteria, chemical, electrochemical, and surface characterization, and computational techniques for corrosion monitoring * Sustainable grafted biopolymers, covering synthesis and characterizations, properties and applications, and factors affecting biopolymers grafting * Grafted natural exudates gums, pectin, chitosan, starch, cellulose, alginates, dextrin, and biopolymer composites and nanocomposites as sustainable corrosion inhibitors Delivering the recent advancements in sustainable grafted biopolymer for the anticorrosive applications arena, Grafted Biopolymers as Corrosion Inhibitors is an essential resource for scholars in academia and industry, working corrosion engineers, and materials science, engineering, and chemistry students.

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Grafted Biopolymers as Corrosion Inhibitors

Safety, Sustainability, and Efficiency

Edited by Jeenat Aslam, Chandrabhan Verma, and Ruby Aslam

 

 

 

This edition first published 2023

© 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

The right of Jeenat Aslam, Chandrabhan Verma and Ruby Aslam to be identified as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Hardback ISBN: 9781119881360; ePub ISBN: 9781119881384; ePDF ISBN: 9781119881377; oBook ISBN: 9781119881391

Cover Image: © Vink Fan/Shutterstock

Cover Design: Wiley

Set in 9.5/12.5pt STIXTwoText by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India

Contents

Cover

Series Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

About the Editors

List of Contributors

Preface

Part 1 Economic and Legal Issue of Corrosion

1 Corrosion: Basics, Economic Adverse Effects, and its Mitigation

2 Corrosion Inhibition: Past and Present Developments and Future Directions

3 Biopolymers as Corrosion Inhibitors: Relative Inhibition Potential of Biopolymers and Grafted Biopolymers

4 Biopolymers vs. Grafted Biopolymers: Challenges and Opportunities

Part 2 Overview of Sustainable Grafted Biopolymers

5 Sustainable Grafted Biopolymers: Synthesis and Characterizations

6 Sustainable Grafted Biopolymers: Properties and Applications

7 Factors Affecting Biopolymers Grafting

Part 3 Sustainable Grafted Biopolymers as Corrosion Inhibitors

8 Corrosion Inhibitors: Introduction, Classification and Selection Criteria

9 Methods of Corrosion Measurement: Chemical, Electrochemical, Surface, and Computational

10 Experimental and Computational Methods of Corrosion Assessment: Recent Updates on Concluding Remarks

11 Grafted Natural Gums Used as Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors

12 Grafted Pectin as Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors

13 Grafted Chitosan as Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors

14 Grafted Starch Used as Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors

15 Grafted Cellulose as Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors

16 Sodium Alginate: Grafted Alginates as Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors

17 Grafted Dextrin as a Corrosion Inhibitor

18 Grafted Biopolymer Composites and Nanocomposites as Sustainable Corrosion Inhibitors

19 Industrially Useful Corrosion Inhibitors: Grafted Biopolymers as Ideal Substitutes

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

CHAPTER 03

Table 3.1 Table 3.1 represents...

Table 3.2 Table 3.2 represents...

CHAPTER 06

Table 6.1 Grafted Biopolymers with...

CHAPTER 09

Table 9.1 Different electrochemical method...

CHAPTER 11

Table 11.1 Examples of gums...

CHAPTER 13

Table 13.1 Main characteristics of...

Table 13.2 Main characteristics of...

Table 13.3 Main characteristics of...

CHAPTER 14

Table 14.1 A summary of...

CHAPTER 16

Table 16.1 Biopolymers with antifouling...

Table 16.2 Uses of sodium...

CHAPTER 17

Table 17.1 Shows a few...

CHAPTER 19

Table 19.1 Chitosan and grafted...

Table 19.2 Pectin and grafted...

Table 19.3 Grafted exudate gum...

List of Illustrations

CHAPTER 01

Figure 1.1 An image comparing...

Figure 1.2 The above image...

Figure 1.3 Images of a...

CHAPTER 03

Figure 3.1 Above is a...

Figure 3.2 Steps of the...

Figure 3.3 Above is a...

CHAPTER 04

Figure 4.1 Schematic diagram for...

Figure 4.2 Structure of cellulose...

Figure 4.3 Structure of Amylose...

Figure 4.4 Structure of Amylopectin...

Figure 4.5 Structure of Chitin...

Figure 4.6 Structure of a...

Figure 4.7 Structure of grafting...

CHAPTER 05

Figure 5.1 Preparation methods of...

Figure 5.2 Structures of some...

Figure 5.3 Phosphorylation of chitosan...

Figure 5.4 A Phosphorylation of...

Figure 5.5 Phosphorylation of chitosan...

Figure 5.6 A functionalization of...

Figure 5.7 A diagram of...

Figure 5.8 An image of...

Figure 5.9 A diagram of...

Figure 5.10 A diagram of...

Figure 5.11 A representation of...

Figure 5.12 The rafting of...

Figure 5.13 Grafting of β...

CHAPTER 06

Figure 6.1 The formation of...

Figure 6.2 The different roles...

Figure 6.6 The Synthesis of...

Figure 6.3 The use of...

Figure 6.4 An image of...

Figure 6.5 A Cysteamine modified...

Figure 6.7 The synthesis of...

Figure 6.8 Synthesis of a...

Figure 6.9 Polyacrylamide-grafted copolymer...

CHAPTER 07

Figure 7.1 Tertiary (I) polymer...

Figure 7.2 Structure of the...

Figure 7.3 H-bonded complex...

Figure 7.4 Structure of ethanolamine...

CHAPTER 08

Figure 8.1 Classification of corrosion...

Figure 8.2 Adsorption mechanism of...

Figure 8.3 Schematic representation of...

Figure 8.4 Mechanism of corrosion...

CHAPTER 09

Figure 9.1 Schematic of corrosion...

Figure 9.2 Number of published...

Figure 9.3 OCP measurement of...

Figure 9.4 LPR measurement methods...

Figure 9.5 Potentiodynamic polarization curve...

Figure 9.6 Potentiodymic polarization curve...

Figure 9.7 Potential and current...

Figure 9.8 Nyquist plot with...

Figure 9.9 Bode and phase...

Figure 9.10 Typical Nyquist plots...

Figure 9.11 Types of corrosion...

Figure 9.12 “X-ray...

Figure 9.13 “X-ray...

Figure 9.14 “XPS results...

Figure 9.15 “The high...

Figure 9.16 “XRD patterns...

Figure 9.17 “Surface morphology...

Figure 9.18 “3D and...

Figure 9.19 “The optimized...

Figure 9.20 “Skeletal formulas...

Figure 9.21 “The most...

Figure 9.22 “Bond-strengths...

Figure 9.23 “Side and...

CHAPTER 10

Figure 10.1 Representation of corrosion...

Figure 10.2 Representation of the...

Figure 10.3 Arrhenius plots and...

Figure 10.4 Transition state plots...

Figure 10.5 Langmuir adsorption isotherm...

Figure 10.6 Temkin adsorption isotherm...

Figure 10.7 Freundlich adsorption isotherm...

Figure 10.8 Frumkin adsorption isotherm...

Figure 10.9 Flory-Huggins adsorption...

Figure 10.10 OCP Vs Time...

Figure 10.11 Representation of Randel...

Figure 10.12 Representation of depressed...

Figure 10.13 The representation of...

Figure 10.14 Representation of potentiodynamic...

Figure 10.15 Potentiodynamic polarization curves...

Figure 10.16 SEM images of...

Figure 10.17 AFM image of...

Figure 10.18 EDX image of...

Figure 10.19 XPS spectra of...

Figure 10.20 Frontier orbitals...

Figure 10.22 MDS simulation for...

CHAPTER 11

Figure 11.1 Reaction scheme of...

Figure 11.2 Mechanistic pathway for...

Figure 11.3 Molecular structure of...

Figure 11.4 (a) Synthesis rout...

Figure 11.5 Synthesis rout and...

Figure 11.6 Synthetic route of...

Figure 11.7 Synthetic route for...

Figure 11.8 SEM images of...

CHAPTER 12

Figure 12.1 Diagrammatic representation of...

Figure 12.2 Chemical structure of...

Figure 12.3 Schematic representation for...

Figure 12.4 Alkylation of pectin...

Figure 12.5 Amidation of pectin...

Figure 12.6 Reaction scheme for...

Figure 12.7 Mechanism of graft...

Figure 12.8 Structure of O...

CHAPTER 13

Figure 13.1 Schematic illustrations of...

Figure 13.2 Tafel curves for...

Figure 13.3 Obtained OCP for...

Figure 13.4 Optimized molecular structure...

Figure 13.5 MD simulation results...

Scheme 13.1 Reaction procedure of grafted chitosan with the benzotriazole (BTA).

Figure 13.6 Results in surface...

CHAPTER 14

Figure 14.1 Chemical structures of...

Figure 14.2 Factors responsible for...

Figure 14.3 SEM and EDX...

Figure 14.4 Optimized structures of...

Figure 14.5 Synthetic procedure and...

Figure 14.6 Optimized molecular structures...

Figure 14.7 FTIR plots for...

Figure 14.8 (a) OCP-time...

Figure 14.9 Impedance spectra for...

Figure 14.10 SEM (a, d...

CHAPTER 15

Figure 15.1 A schematic of...

Figure 15.2 A schematic of...

Figure 15.3 A schematic of...

Figure 15.4 The reactions that...

Figure 15.5 A monomeric structure...

Figure 15.6 The inhibition efficiency...

Figure 15.8 Synthesis of AHEC...

Figure 15.9 A schematic of...

Figure 15.10 (a) Polarization and...

Figure 15.11 The scale inhibition...

Figure 15.13 SEM micrographs of...

Figure 15.14 The inhibition efficiency...

Figure 15.15 Schematic depiction of...

CHAPTER 16

Figure 16.1 Production and development...

Figure 16.2 Classification of bio...

Figure 16.3 Characterization techniques for...

Figure 16.4 Biomaterials prepared from...

Figure 16.5 Types of polymer...

CHAPTER 17

Figure 17.1 Types of biopolymers...

Figure 17.2 Methods of grafting...

Figure 17.3 Molecular structure of...

Figure 17.4 Variations of the...

Figure 17.5 SEM images and...

Figure 17.6 CR and η...

Figure 17.7 The synthesis of...

Figure 17.8 Analysis of scale...

CHAPTER 18

Figure 18.1 Mechanism of corrosion...

Figure 18.2 Role of ceramic...

CHAPTER 19

Figure 19.1 Molecular structure of...

Figure 19.2 Types of green...

Figure 19.3 Application and industrial...

Figure 19.4 Classification of biopolymers...

Figure 19.5 Industrial application of...

Figure 19.6 The mechanism of...

Figure 19.7 Structure of dextrin...

Figure 19.8 Structure of carrageenan...

Guide

Cover

Series Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

About the Editors

List of Contributors

Preface

Begin Reading

Index

End User License Agreement

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About the Editors

Jeenat Aslam, Ph.D., is currently working as an Associate Professor at the Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah University, Yanbu, Al-Madina, Saudi Arabia. She earned her Ph.D. degree in Surface Science/Chemistry from the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. Materials & corrosion, nanotechnology, and surface chemistry are the primary areas of her research. Dr. Jeenat has published a number of research and review articles in peer-reviewed international journals like ACS, Wiley, Elsevier, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Bentham Science, and others. She has authored over thirty book chapters and edited more than twenty books for the American Chemical Society, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, De-Gruyter, and Taylor & Francis.

Chandrabhan Verma, Ph.D., works at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. He obtained his Ph.D. in Material Science/Chemistry at the Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi, India. He is an American Chemical Society (ACS) member and serves as a reviewer and editorial board member for various internationally recognized ACS, RSC, Elsevier, Wiley, and Springer platforms. Dr. Verma is the Associate Editor-in-Chief of the Organic Chemistry Plus Journal. He is the author of several research and review articles published in ACS, Elsevier, RSC, Wiley, Springer, etc. He has a total citation of more than 9065 with an H-index of 53 and an i-10 index of 142. Dr. Verma has edited many books for the ACS, Elsevier, RSC, and Wiley. Dr. Verma received several awards for his academic achievements.

Ruby Aslam, PhD., is currently a Research Associate fellow under CSIR-HRDG, New Delhi in the Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. She received her M.Sc., M. Phil., and Ph.D. degrees from the same university. Her main areas of interest in research include the development of stimuli-responsive smart coatings for corrosion detection and protection as well as the assessment of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors. She has authored/co-authored several research papers in international peer-reviewed journals of wide readership, including critical reviews and book chapters. She has edited many books for American Chemical Society, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, De-Gruyter and Taylor & Francis.

List of Contributors

Khamdam Akbarov

Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent Uzbekistan

Ekemini D. Akpan

Centre for Materials ScienceCollege of Science, Engineering,and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa

Farhat A. Ansari

Faculty of Pharmaceutical ChemistryHygia Institute of PharmaceuticalEducation and Research, Uttar Pradesh, India

J. Arun

Centre for waste management –“International Research Centre”Sathyabama Institute of Science andTechnology, Tamil Nadu, India

Jeenat Aslam

Department of Chemistry, Collegeof Science, Taibah UniversityAl-Madina, Saudi Arabia

Ruby AslamCorrosion Research LaboratoryDepartment of Applied ChemistryAligarh Muslim UniversityUttar Pradesh, India

Humira Assad

Department of ChemistryFaculty of Technology and ScienceLovely Professional UniversityPunjab, India

Rajeshwari Athavale

Department of Chemistry, K.E. T’sV. G. Vaze College (Autonomous) Maharashtra, India

Khasan BerdimuradovFaculty of industrial Viticultureand Food Production TechnologyShahrisabz branch of TashkentInstitute of Chemical TechnologyShahrisabz, Uzbekistan

Elyor Berdimurodov

Faculty of Chemistry, NationalUniversity of Uzbekistan, TashkentUzbekistan

K. Cial

Corrosion Research LaboratoryDepartment of Applied ChemistryAligarh Muslim UniversityUttar Pradesh, India

Lakha V. Chopda

Government Engineering CollegeBhuj (Gujarat), India

Fatima Choudhary

Department of Chemistry, K.E. T’sV. G. Vaze College (Autonomous)Maharashtra, India

Omar Dagdag

Centre for Materials ScienceCollege of Science, Engineeringand TechnologyUniversity of South AfricaJohannesburg, South Africa

Walid Daoudi

Laboratory of Molecular ChemistryMaterials and Environment(LCM2E), Department of ChemistryMultidisciplinary Faculty of NadorUniversity Mohamed I, Nador Morocco

Pragnesh N. Dave

Department of Chemistry, SardarPatel University, Vallabh Vidynagar(Gujarat), India

R. V. Deeksha

Centre for waste management –“International Research Centre”Sathyabama Institute of Science andTechnology, Tamil Nadu, India

Manoj Dhameja

Department of Chemistry, BabasahebBhimrao Ambedkar UniversityUttar Pradesh, India

Eno E. Ebenso

Centre for Materials Science College of Science, Engineeringand Technology, University of SouthAfrica, Johannesburg, South Africa

Abdolreza Farhadian

Department of Polymer & MaterialsChemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

Department of Petroleum EngineeringKazan Federal University, KazanRussian Federation

Omolola E. Fayemi

Department of Chemistry, Schoolof Chemical and Physical Sciencesand Material Science Innovation& Modelling (MaSIM) ResearchFocus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-WestUniversity, Mmabatho, South Africa

Luana Barros Furtado

Federal University of Rio de JaneiroSchool of Chemistry, Rio de JaneiroAthos da Silveira Ramos AvenueBrazil

Richika Ganjoo

Department of Chemistry, Facultyof Technology and Science, LovelyProfessional University, Punjab, India

Sailee Gardi

Department of Chemistry, K.E. T’sV. G. Vaze College (Autonomous)Maharashtra, India

Husnu Gerengi

Corrosion Research LaboratoryDepartment of MechanicalEngineering, Duzce UniversityDuzce, Turkey

Maria José O. C. Guimarães

Federal University of Rio de JaneiroSchool of Chemistry, Rio de JaneiroAthos da Silveira Ramos AvenueBrazil

Lei Guo

School of Material and ChemicalEngineering, Tongren UniversityTongren, P. R. China

Preeti Gupta

Department of Chemistry, BabasahebBhimrao Ambedkar University, UttarPradesh, India

Nellaiah Hariharan

Bangalore Biotech Labs PrivateLimited (BiOZEEN), Bangalore, India

Rajesh Haldhar

School of Chemical Engineering,Yeungnam University, GyeongsanRepublic of Korea

Brahim El Ibrahimi

Department of Applied Chemistry,Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ibn ZohrUniversity, Aït Melloul, Morocco

Kundan Jangam

Department of Chemistry, K.E. T’s, V. G. Vaze College (Autonomous)Maharashtra, India

Ali Asghar Javidparvar

School of Metallurgy and MaterialsEngineering, College of Engineering,University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

Abduvali Kholikov

Faculty of Chemistry, NationalUniversity of Uzbekistan, TashkentUzbekistan

Seong-Cheol Kim

School of Chemical EngineeringYeungnam University, GyeongsanRepublic of Korea

Ashish Kumar

Department of Chemistry, Facultyof Technology and Science, LovelyProfessional University, Punjab, India

NCE, Bihar Engineering UniversityDepartment of Scienceand Technology, Government of BiharIndia

Hariom Kumar

Department of Chemistry, BabasahebBhimrao Ambedkar UniversityUttar Pradesh, India

Han-Seung Lee

Department of ArchitecturalEngineering, Hanyang University-ERICA, Gyeonggi-do, Republic ofKorea

Hassane Lgaz

Innovative Durable Building andInfrastructure Research CenterCenter for Creative ConvergenceEducation

Hanyang University ERICAGyeonggi-do, Korea

Hui-Jing Li

Weihai Marine Organism & MedicalTechnology Research InstituteHarbin Institute of TechnologyWeihai, P. R. China

Sheerin Masroor

Department of Chemistry, A.N.College, Patliputra UniversityBihar, India

M. Mobin

Corrosion Research LaboratoryDepartment of Applied ChemistryAligarh Muslim UniversityUttar Pradesh, India

Shalini Mohan

Department of BiotechnologyKalasalingam Academy of Researchand Education, Tamil Nadu, India

Paresh More

Department of Chemistry, K.E. T’sV. G. Vaze College (Autonomous)Maharashtra, India

N. Mujafarkani

PG and Research Department ofChemistry, Jamal Mohamed College(Autonomous), TiruchirappalliTamil Nadu, India

Lakshmanan Muthulakshmi

Department of BiotechnologyKalasalingam Academy of Researchand Education, Tamil Nadu, India

Rafaela C. Nascimento

LAQV-REQUIMTE, Instituto deInvestigação e Formação AvançadaUniversidade de Évora, Évora, ColégioLuís António Verney, Portugal

Lukman O. Olasunkanmi

Department of Chemistry, Faculty ofScience, Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle Ife, Nigeria

Department of Chemical ScienceUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburg, South Africa

Tae Joon Park

Department of Robotics EngineeringHanyang University, Gyeonggi-doKorea

M. Parveen

Corrosion Research Laboratory Department of Applied ChemistryAligarh Muslim UniversityUttar Pradesh, India

Dwarika Prasad

Department of ChemistryShri Guru Ram Rai UniversityDehradun, India

P. Priyadharsini

Centre for waste management –“International Research Centre”Sathyabama Institute of Science andTechnology, Tamil Nadu, India

Taiwo W. Quadri

Centre for Material Science, College ofScience, Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of South AfricaJohannesburg, South Africa

Syed Ali Abdur Rahman

Department of BiotechnologySathyabama Institute of Science andTechnology, Tamil Nadu, India

Mohamed Rbaa

Laboratory of Organic ChemistryCatalysis and EnvironmentFaculty of Sciences, Ibn TofailUniversity, Kenitra, Morocco

Marziya Rizvi

Department of ChemistryBabasaheb Bhimrao AmbedkarUniversity, Uttar Pradesh, India

Vandana Saraswat

Department of ChemistryUniversity Institute of SciencesChandigarh UniversityMohali, India

Tarun K. Sarkar

Department of Chemistry, IFTMUniversity, MoradabadUttar Pradesh, India

Ali Reza Shahmoradi

Department of Chemical EngineeringShahreza Branch, Islamic AzadUniversity, Shahreza, Iran

Hariom K. Sharma

Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Technology and AppliedSciences (UTAS)Dhofar, Sultanate of Oman

Praveen Kumar Sharma

Department of Chemistry, Facultyof Technology and Science, LovelyProfessional University, Punjab, India

Rahul Singh

Department of Chemistry, Shri GuruRam Rai University, Dehradun, India

Karthick Subbiah

Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University-ERICA, Gyeonggi-doRepublic of Korea

Nilufar Tursunova

Faculty of Chemistry, NationalUniversity of Uzbekistan Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Dakeshwar Kumar Verma

Department of ChemistryGovernment Digvijay AutonomousPostgraduate CollegeChhattisgarh, India

Dan-Yang Wang

Weihai Marine Organism & MedicalTechnology Research InstituteHarbin Institute of TechnologyWeihai, P. R. China

Yan-Chao Wu

Weihai Marine Organism & MedicalTechnology Research InstituteHarbin Institute of TechnologyWeihai, P. R. China

Mahendra Yadav

Indian Institute of technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India

Ramesh Yamgar

Department of Chemistry C. S.’s Patkar-Varde CollegeMaharashtra, India

Preface

Corrosion of metal is a destructive phenomenon that has a significant impact on the anticipated lifetime and use of materials made of metals. Use of corrosion inhibitors is thought to be the most efficient and cost-effective method to block metals against corrosion, especially in acidic conditions, to resolve this type of issue. Studies on “sustainable(green)” corrosion inhibitors, which don’t have the negative health effects associated with the organic compounds employed in the past, have been conducted over the past ten years.

In recent times, polymeric biomaterials have received the most important attention in corrosion science. Biomaterials such as natural biopolymers (polysaccharides) and their derivatives are attractive due their affordability, intrinsic non-toxicity, biodegradability, and availability of numerous adsorption sites. These unexpected benefits have led to widespread usage of biopolymers (polysaccharides) and their derivatives for medication delivery, corrosion inhibitors, coating materials, and the removal of hazardous chemicals through adsorption. Though there are various reports on natural biopolymers and their derivatives as corrosion inhibitors. For instance, gums from natural exudates, chitosan, cellulose derivatives, starch and its derivatives, pectin, carrageenan, and alginate. However in order to prevent valuable metals from being damaged by acid solutions, it is still essential to design efficient corrosion inhibitors. Biopolymers (polysaccharides) have been generally studied as corrosion inhibitors because of the presence of a variety of polar functional groups for example OH, COOH, and NH2 in their arrangement and capability to complex with metals on surfaces. In corrosion inhibition, biopolymers (polysaccharides) characterize a set of chemically stable, biodegradable, and environment-friendly macromolecules with distinctive inhibitory strengths and binding to metal surfaces.

The present book is a collection of major advancements in the field of polymer for the design and testing of the corrosion inhibition effect of sustainable grafted biopolymer corrosion inhibitors. This book explains the synthesis, characterization, and anticorrosive application of some green and environmentally friendly sustainable grafted biopolymers and their derivatives for inhibition of metal corrosion. It has also been explored how their distinct molecular and electrical structures, chemical makeup, and macromolecular weights all have a role in the sorts and ways of protection they offer.

The book is written for scholars in academia and industry, working corrosion engineers and materials science students, and applied and engineering chemistry.

The book is structured into three parts, each of which contains several chapters, in order to condense the detailed explanation of anticorrosive applications of sustainable grafted biopolymer and to offer the reader a sensible and expressive design of the issue.

PART 1 explores the economic and legal issues of corrosion. Topics covered in chapters 1 to 4 are corrosion: basics, economic adverse effects, and its mitigation, corrosion inhibition: past and present developments and future directions, biopolymers as corrosion inhibitors: relative inhibition potential of biopolymers and grafted biopolymers and biopolymers vs. grafted biopolymers: challenges and opportunities

PART 2 discusses an overview of sustainable grafted biopolymers. Topics covered in chapters 5 to 7 are sustainable grafted biopolymers: synthesis and characterizations, sustainable grafted biopolymers: properties and applications, and factors affecting biopolymers grafting.

PART 3 debates sustainable grafted biopolymers as corrosion inhibitors. Topics covered in chapters 8 to 19 are corrosion inhibitors: introduction, classification and selection criteria, chemical, electrochemical, surface characterization, computational techniques for corrosion monitoring, methods of corrosion measurements: chemical, electrochemical, surface and computational, grafted natural exudates gums used as sustainable corrosion inhibitors, grafted pectin as sustainable corrosion inhibitors, grafted chitosan as sustainable corrosion inhibitors, grafted starch used as sustainable corrosion inhibitors, grafted cellulose as sustainable corrosion inhibitors, grafted alginates as sustainable corrosion inhibitors, grafted dextrin as sustainable corrosion inhibitors, grafted biopolymer composites and nanocomposites as sustainable corrosion inhibitors, industrially useful corrosion inhibitors: grafted biopolymers as ideal substitutes.

The goal of this book is to provide the most recent developments in grafted biopolymers for anticorrosive applications. This book is written for a highly diverse group of people who work in chemical engineering, advanced materials research, and other related subjects. Libraries in academic and professional settings, independent research organizations, government agencies, and scientists will all find this book to be an invaluable source of reference information. The chapters’ authors and book editors are renowned academic and professional researchers, scientists, and subject matter specialists.

On behalf of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., we thank all contributors for their exceptional and whole-hearted contribution. Invaluable thanks to Mr. Michael Leventhal (Acquisitions Editor), Miss Kelly Labrum (Associate Managing Editor), Miss Elizabeth (Managing Editor), and the Editorial Team at John Wiley & Sons, Inc. for their wholehearted support and help during this project. In the end, all appreciation to John Wiley & Sons, Inc. for publishing the book.

Jeenat Aslam, Chandrabhan Verma & Ruby Aslam

(Editors)

Part 1 Economic and Legal Issue of Corrosion