Handbook of Paper and Board E-Book
306,99 €
Mehr erfahren.
- Herausgeber: Wiley-VCH
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Papermaking is a fascinating art and technology. The second edition of this successful 2 volume handbook provides a comprehensive view on the
technical, economic, ecologic and social background of paper and board. It has been updated, revised and largely extended in depth and width including the further use of paper and board in converting and printing. A wide knowledge basis is a prerequisite in evaluating and optimizing the whole process chain to ensure efficient paper and board production. The same is true in their application and end use.
The book covers a wide range of topics:
* Raw materials required for paper and board manufacturing such as fibers, chemical additives and fillers
* Processes and machinery applied to prepare the stock and to produce the various paper and board grades including automation and trouble
shooting
* Paper converting and printing processes, book preservation
* The different paper and board grades as well as testing and analysing fiber suspensions, paper and board products, and converted or
printed matters
* Environmental and energy factors as well as safety aspects.
The handbook will provide professionals in the field, e. g. papermakers as well as converters and printers, laymen, students, politicians and other interested people with the most up-to-date and comprehensive information on the state-of- the-art techniques and aspects involved in paper making, converting and printing.
Sie lesen das E-Book in den Legimi-Apps auf:
Seitenzahl: 1650
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2013
Ähnliche
Table of Contents
Related Titles
Title Page
Copyright
Contents to Volume 1
Preface
List of Contributors to the Second Edition
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Paper and Board Today
1.2 Paper and Board Manufacturing – an Overview
1.3 Economic Aspects
1.4 Historical Background and General Aspects
1.5 A Philosophy of Papermaking: Life Lessons on the Formation of Paper and People
References
Further Reading for Section 1.3
Further Reading for Section 1.5
Chapter 2: Fibrous Materials for Paper and Board Manufacture
2.1 Overview
2.2 Chemical Pulp
2.3 Mechanical Pulp
2.4 Recovered Paper, Recycled Fibers
2.5 Wood Pulp Fiber Suspensions
References
Chapter 3: Mineral Fillers in Papermaking
3.1 History of the Use of Mineral Fillers in Papermaking
3.2 Global Mineral Consumption in the Paper and Board Industry
3.3 Why Use Mineral Fillers in Paper and Board?
3.4 Filler Loading Increase via Surface Application
3.5 Choice of Fillers
3.6 Characterization of Fillers
3.7 Main Mineral Fillers
3.8 Specialty Filler Pigments
3.9 Preservation of Pigment Slurries
3.10 Outlook
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 4: Functional Chemicals
4.1 Overview
4.2 Starches in Papermaking
4.3 Colorants
4.4 Optical Brightening Agents (OBA), Fluorescent Whitening Agents (FWAs)
4.5 Sizing Agents
4.6 Wet-Strength Resins (WSR) and Dry Strength Resins (DSR)
4.7 Properties of Specialty Papers and Related Chemical Additives
References
Further Reading for Section 4.2
Further Reading for Section 4.5
Further Reading for Section 4.6
Chapter 5: Coating Colors — Components, Make Down, and Properties
5.1 Overview
5.2 Coating Color Components
5.3 Properties of Coating Colors
5.4 Coating Color Preparation
Further Reading
Chapter 6: Process Chemicals
6.1 Overview
6.2 Aluminum Compounds
6.3 Retention Aids and Drainage Accelerators
6.4 Fixatives and Charge Control
6.5 Deposit Control and Biocides
6.6 Defoamers and Deaerators
6.7 Chelating Agents
6.8 Additives for Repulping
6.9 Deinking Additives
6.10 Cleaning Agents and Fabric Conditioning
6.11 Internal Water and Effluent Treatment
6.12 Interactions of Chemical Additives
References
Further Reading for Section 6.5
Chapter 7: Unit Operations
7.1 Overview
7.2 Fiber Materials Feeding
7.3 Disintegration
7.4 Screening
7.5 Centrifugal Cleaning
7.6 Selective Flotation
7.7 Nonselective Flotation (Dissolved Air Flotation DAF)
7.8 Fractionation
7.9 Dewatering
7.10 Washing
7.11 Mixing and Storing
7.12 Bleaching of Secondary Fibers
7.13 Refining
7.14 Dispersion
References
Further Reading for Section 7.6
Further Reading for Section 7.13
Chapter 8: Systems for Fiber Stock Preparation
8.1 Objectives
8.2 Historical Review of Stock Preparation Systems
8.3 Systems for Primary Fiber Preparation
8.4 Systems for Secondary Fiber Preparation
8.5 Systems for Broke Treatment
8.6 Peripheral Systems in Secondary Fiber Preparation
8.7 Process Engineering and Automation
References
Further Reading
Chapter 9: The Integrated Recycled Paper Mill (IRPM)
9.1 Environmental Aspects and Profitability
9.2 Subsystems and Peripheral Systems of the Integrated Recycled Paper Mill
9.3 Subsystems for Water, Reject, and Sludge (WSR)
9.4 Water Circuits
9.5 Reject Systems
9.6 Sludge Dewatering Systems
9.7 Wastewater
9.8 Reject and Residual Disposal, Waste to Energy, Replacement Fuels for Incineration
References
Chapter 10: Paper and Board Machines and Their Components
10.1 Overview
10.2 Rolls in Paper and Board Machines
10.3 Roll Covers and Coatings
Contents to Volume 2
List of Contributors to the Second Edition
Chapter 11: Fabrics for Paper and Board Production
11.1 Forming Fabrics
11.2 Press Felts
11.3 Dryer Fabrics
11.4 Fabrics in Operation
11.5 Changing of Fabrics
References
Further Reading for Section 11.4
Chapter 12: Approach Flow System
12.1 Definition and Tasks of the Approach Flow System
12.2 Metering and Mixing of the Stock Components and Feed to the Headbox
12.3 Final Cleaning and Screening
12.4 Air in the Papermaking Process and Its Removal
12.5 Further Aspects
12.6 Approach Flow Design
References
Chapter 13: Headbox
13.1 Overview and Principle Aspects
13.2 Historical Review
13.3 State-of-the-Art Headboxes
13.4 Influence of Operational and Design Parameters on Technological Results
References
Chapter 14: Wire Section
14.1 Overview and Theoretical Aspects
14.2 Historical Review
14.3 State-of-the-Art Web Forming Designs
14.4 Machine Elements
14.5 Wires
14.6 Operational and Technological Aspects
References
Chapter 15: Press Section
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Theoretical Aspects of Press Dewatering
15.3 State-of-the-Art Press Sections
15.4 Historical Review
15.5 Further Approaches in Pressing
15.6 Operational and Technological Aspects
15.7 Impact of Wet Pressing on Paper Surface Properties
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 16: Dryer Section
16.1 Overview
16.2 Drying Principles and Basics
16.3 Basics Related to Paper Drying
16.4 Dryer Sections
References
Chapter 17: Surface Sizing and Coating
17.1 Surface Sizing
17.2 Coating
17.3 Coated Paper and Board Grades
References
Further Reading
Chapter 18: Calendering
18.1 Objective and General Description of the Calendering Process
18.2 History of Calendering
18.3 The Different Calender Types
18.4 The Main Calendering Methods for Various Paper and Board Grades
References
Further Reading
Chapter 19: Reeling
19.1 Objectives and Basics
19.2 History
19.3 New Generation Reels
19.4 Reel Drum Design
19.5 Turnup Systems
References
Chapter 20: Paper, Packaging, and Carton Board Machines
20.1 Graphic Paper Machines
20.2 Packaging Paper Machines
20.3 Carton Board Machines
20.4 Tissue Machines
20.5 Specialty Paper Machines
Chapter 21: Finishing
21.1 Reel Slitting
21.2 Roll Handling
Chapter 22: Control Systems for Paper Machines
22.1 Objective and General Terms of PM Control Systems
22.2 Quality Control System (QCS)
22.3 Information Systems
Chapter 23: Uniformity of Paper Web Properties
23.1 Overview
23.2 MD Profiles
23.3 CD Profiles
23.4 Some Aspects of MD and CD Basis Weight Profile Tests in the Laboratory
23.5 Symmetry in z-Direction
23.6 Formation
References
Chapter 24: Paper and Board Converting and Printing
24.1 Converting Processes for Paper and Board
24.2 Testing of Converting Products
24.3 Printing Technologies
24.4 Requirements on Paper
References
Further Reading for Section 24.2
Further Reading for Section 24.3
Chapter 25: Health and Safety
25.1 Occupational Health and Safety
25.2 Noise Abatement and Protection
References
Chapter 26: Plant Engineering and Energy
26.1 Plant Engineering
26.2 Energy
Chapter 27: Environmentally Friendly Paper and Board Production
27.1 Background
27.2 Environmental Relevance along the Value Chain of Paper and Board Production
27.3 Sustainability
27.4 Resource Utilization in Paper and Board Production
27.5 Evaluation and Communication of Environmental Impacts
27.6 Practical Implementation of Environmental Issues
References
Chapter 28: Paper and Board Grades and Their Properties
28.1 The Material Paper: A Survey
28.2 Types of Paper, Board, and Cardboard
References
Further Reading
Chapter 29: Testing of Fibers, Suspensions, and Paper and Board Grades
29.1 General Aspects
29.2 Testing of Fibrous Material
29.3 Testing of Fiber Suspensions
29.4 Testing of Paper and Board
References
Further Reading
Chapter 30: Book and Paper Preservation
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Mechanisms of Paper Deterioration
30.3 Development of Mass Deacidification Processes
30.4 Current Commercial Processes
30.5 Strengthening Old and Brittle Paper
30.6 Commercial Prospects
References
Chapter 31: Paper Associations
Index
Related Titles
Bajpai, P.
Environmentally Friendly Production of Pulp and Paper
2010
ISBN: 978-0-470-52810-5
Rijk, R., Veraart, R. (eds.)
Global Legislation for Food Packaging Materials
2010
ISBN: 978-3-527-31912-1
Sixta, H. (ed.)
Handbook of Pulp
2006
ISBN: 978-3-527-30999-3
The Editor
Dipl.-Ing. Herbert Holik
Montelimarstr. 18
88213 Ravensburg
Germany
All books published by Wiley-VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the information contained in these books, including this book, to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.
Library of Congress Card No.: applied for
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek
The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at <http://dnb.d-nb.de>.
© 2013 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Boschstr. 12, 69469 Weinheim,\hb Germany
All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form — by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means — nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.
Print ISBN: 978-3-527-33184-0
ePDF ISBN: 978-3-527-65252-5
ePub ISBN: 978-3-527-65251-8
mobi ISBN: 978-3-527-65250-1
oBook ISBN: 978-3-527-65249-5
Contents to Volume 1
Preface
Paper: A major commodity in our life.
During its long history, paper has changed from a rare artisan material to a commodity product, with high practical value in communication and in educational, artistic, hygienic, sanitary, and technical applications. Today, nobody can imagine a world without paper. A large variety of paper grades are produced to suit the special requirements of each application: graphic paper grades, packaging papers and board, hygienic papers, and speciality paper grades. Paper can be impregnated, coated, laminated, creped, molded and so on. Paper products embellish our homes, and sanitary products made of paper ease our daily life. An easier life is also more likely with a sufficient number of banknotes in the briefcase. Packaging papers and board grades support supermarket logistics and product presentations. Computer printouts and other graphic papers such as newspapers, magazines, and books accompany us through our life. Even today, in our digital world paper is a reliable means of long-time documentation and data preservation.
A concise description of the fascinating art and technology of papermaking is given in this second edition of this handbook. It also includes the further use of paper and board in converting and printing. So a comprehensive view on the technical, economic, ecologic and social background of paper and board is provided. In-depth knowledge is a prerequisite for evaluating the optimum choices needed for the efficient production of paper and board. Converters and final customers need to be considered. Converters also have to build up some knowledge in papermaking, just as the papermaker needs to appreciate the conversion processes more. Waste handling and energy supply are even more in focus today. Economic success now requires more appreciation of all these sectors.
The first edition of this handbook found high interest worldwide. It has been widely accepted used in offices, universities, training, and as lecturing material, and general resource. The second edition is an updated and largely extended version and provides both the technical and technological state of the art in paper making in a concise form and as important information on paper-related technologies.
More than 60 authors have contributed to this project. They are all professionals from practice, companies, institutes, and universities from several countries–well-known experts or young specialists–each of them with detailed knowledge in their areas. The variety of their points of view is certainly one of the advantages of this book. My thanks go to these colleagues for their cooperation in sharing their knowledge in spite of their daily work load, and to the individual companies for providing information material. All these efforts resulted in the second edition of the “Handbook of Paper and Board” which is thought to provide professionals in the field, papermakers, converters and printers, as well as lay readers, students, politicians, and other interested people with most recent information on the state of the art of all the techniques and aspects involved in paper making and converting.
March 2013
Herbert Holik
List of Contributors to the Second Edition
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Paper and Board Today
Herbert Holik
The history of paper is also the history of human culture and civilization. The Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans wrote on “papyrus,” a paperlike material. The kind of paper used now was first developed and used in China. Paper was the most important carrier of information in the past. It was only with increasing paper production that the transfer of knowledge, education, art, and information to a larger part of society became possible. With paper, emperors were able to administrate large empires more easily. In former times, paper was a valuable product, and papermaking an art – an art that was often kept secret because of the outstanding advantages of the product.
The worldwide consumption of paper will further increase. Owing to CEPI (Confederation of European Paper Industry), the paper consumption will increase from about 400 million t year−1 in 2010 to about 530 million t year−1 in 2020 and 605 million t year−1 in 230. The growth in individual countries can be mostly related to their increase in gross national product and to their growth in population. So the consumption and production in countries such as China or India have increased over recent years on a large scale. In mature markets such as Central Europe, Japan, and North America production and consumption have stagnated or even decreased.
The ratio of the worldwide consumption of the different paper and board grades has changed in the past and will change in the future according to technical, economical, and social evolution and developments in the individual countries and in the world as a whole. Packaging grades have increased, graphic paper grades have stagnated, and newsprint consumption has declined. The pressure from increased sales of industrial products, the growth in internet shopping, and the sharp upward demand for small packaged foods have all increased the demand on packaging materials. The newsprint sector has suffered from the big increase in internet and phone download users as these technologies impact on the need for the printed page. The demand for copy paper and home printing papers for holding as “hard copy” is still important for easy access of preselected information. The impact of e-book on paper usage has yet to be felt.
The paper and board market is global, and so is the paper industry where an evident consolidation has occurred over the last decades. The concentration of companies has continued under globalization, and the economic ups and downs have affected rising markets and various geographical areas unevenly. The investment costs for new production facilities are high. The capital demand for a new mill lies in the order of magnitude of more than €500 million. The most recent new paper and board mills were mainly installed in the Far East. These high-tech mills show the distinct progress in papermaking, in both technique and technology and new world records in production and machine speed have been set. So it seems that the paper comes back to its roots: China has developed in the last few years to the largest paper and board producer in the world.
The furnish used in paper and board production worldwide are secondary fibers from recovered paper, primary fibers (chemical pulp, mechanical pulp), pigments, and chemical additives. Paper is mainly based on fibers from cultured woods, and is a renewable and recyclable raw material as its strength is given by natural bonding between the individual fibers, which is then loosened by water during recycling.
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
