Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Comprehensive resource detailing the molecular mechanisms underlying heavy metal toxicity and tolerance in plants Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of heavy metal tolerance and functional omics that allow for a deeper understanding of using heavy metal tolerance for deliberate manipulation of plants. Through the authors' unique approach, the text enables researchers to develop strategies to enhance metal toxicity and deficiency tolerance as well as crop productivity under stressful conditions, in order to better utilize natural resources to ensure future food security. The text presents the basic knowledge of plant heavy metal/metalloid tolerance using modern approaches, including omics, nanotechnology, and genetic manipulation, and covers molecular breeding, genetic engineering, and approaches for high yield and quality under metal toxicity or deficiency stress conditions. With a collection of 26 chapters contributed by the leading experts in the fields surrounding heavy metal and metalloids toxicity and tolerance in crop plants, Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants includes further information on: * Advanced techniques in omics research in relation to heavy metals/metalloids toxicity and tolerance * Heavy metals/metalloids in food crops and their implications for human health * Molecular mechanisms of heavy metals/metalloids toxicity and tolerance in plants * Molecular breeding approaches for reducing heavy metals load in the edible plant parts * Hormonal regulation of heavy metals toxicity and tolerance * Applications of nanotechnology for improving heavy metals stress tolerance * Genetic engineering for heavy metals/metalloids stress tolerance in plants With comprehensive coverage of the subject, Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants is an essential reference for researchers working on developing plants tolerant to metals/metalloids stress and effective strategies for reducing the risk of health hazards.
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Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright Page
List of Contributors
Preface
Editor Biographies
1 Plant Response and Tolerance to Heavy Metal Toxicity
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Plant–Metal Interaction
1.3 Effect of Heavy Metals on Plants
1.4 Mechanisms to Tolerate Heavy Metal Toxicity
1.5 Important Strategies for the Enhancement of Metal Tolerance
1.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
2 Advanced Techniques in Omics Research in Relation to Heavy Metal/Metalloid Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants
2.1 Introduction
2.2 An Overview of Plant Responses to Heavy Metal Toxicity
2.3 How the Integration of Multi‐omics Data Sets Helps in Studying the Heavy Metal Stress Responses and Tolerance Mechanisms?
2.4 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
3 Heavy Metals/Metalloids in Food Crops and Their Implications for Human Health
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Arsenic
3.3 Cadmium
3.4 Lead
3.5 Chromium
3.6 Mercury
3.7 Conclusions
References
4 Aluminum Stress Tolerance in Plants
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Exploration of Al Tolerance QTLs
4.3 Unraveling the Genetic Architecture of Al Tolerance from Natural Variation
4.4 Identification of Novel Al Tolerance Genes Through Genome‐Wide Association Studies
4.5 Exploring Expression Level Polymorphisms to Identify Upstream Al Signaling
4.6 Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Identify Novel Al Tolerance Genes
4.7 Identification of Al Tolerance Genes from Proteomics
4.8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
5 Breeding Approaches for Aluminum Toxicity Tolerance in Rice and Wheat
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Plant Signaling
5.3 Rice Genetic Mapping
5.4 Root Transcriptome
5.5 Wheat Genetic Mapping
5.6 Wheat Proteomics
5.7 Conclusion
References
6 Chromium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Chromium Sources and Bioavailability
6.3 Chromium Uptake, Translocation, and Sub‐cellular Distribution in Plants
6.4 Detoxification Mechanisms for Cr
6.5 Omics Approaches Used by Plants to Combat Cr Toxicity
6.6 Phytoremediation of Cr Metal by Plants
6.7 Conclusion
References
7 Manganese Toxicity and Tolerance in Photosynthetic Organisms and Breeding Strategy for Improving Manganese Tolerance in Crop Plants
7.1 Introduction
7.2 The Change in Mn Availability Within the Soil
7.3 Why Should We Consider the Occurrence of Mn Toxicity in Plants? Possible Threats of Mn Toxicity in Agricultural Land
7.4 The History of Mn Toxicity
7.5 The Features of Mn Toxicity in Terrestrial Plants and Possible Molecular Mechanisms
7.6 Breeding Strategy for Overcoming the Future Threat of Excess Mn Conditions
7.7 Conclusion and Future Prospects
Acknowledgments
References
8 Iron Excess Toxicity and Tolerance in Crop Plants
8.1 Iron Uptake and Translocation Mechanism in Plants
8.2 Fe Excess Toxicity in Plants
8.3 Crop Defense Mechanisms Against Excess Fe and Genes Regulating Fe Excess
8.4 Research Outlook on Fe Excess Response of Plants
8.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Disclosures
References
9 Molecular Breeding for Iron Toxicity Tolerance in Rice (
Oryza sativa
L.)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Role of Iron in Plants and Rice
9.3 Iron Toxicity and Its Effects on Rice
9.4 Iron Toxicity Tolerance Mechanisms in Rice Plants
9.5 Molecular Breeding for Fe Toxicity Tolerance in Rice
9.6 Conclusion
References
10 Cobalt Induced Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Plant Response to Cobalt Stress
10.3 Cobalt‐Induced ROS Generation and Their Damaging Effects
10.4 Cobalt‐Induced Plant Antioxidant Defense System
10.5 Omics Approaches in Cobalt Stress Tolerance
10.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects
Acknowledgments
References
11 Nickel Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Sources of Ni
11.3 Role of Ni in Plants
11.4 Ni Uptake and Accumulation in Plants
11.5 Ni Toxicity in Plants
11.6 Tolerance Mechanisms
11.7 Omics Approaches in Ni Stress Tolerance
11.8 Conclusion
References
12 Copper Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Copper in Plants
12.3 Omics Approaches for Cu Responses and Tolerance in Plants
12.4 Concluding Remarks
Acknowledgments
References
13 Zinc Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Impact of Excess Zinc on Physio‐genetics Aspects of Plants
13.3 Plants Stress Adaptation to Zinc Toxicity
13.4 Multi‐omics Approaches for Zinc Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants
13.5 Conclusion and Future Prospective
Acknowledgments
References
14 Arsenic Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Occurrence and Distribution of As in the Environment
14.3 Arsenic Uptake, Accumulation, and Detoxification in Plants
14.4 Influence of Arsenic on Phytotoxicity
14.5 Modulation in “Omics” Profiling Under As Challenged Environment
14.6 Progress in Molecular Biotechnology to Evolve As‐Tolerant Plants
14.7 Conclusion and Future Perspective
Acknowledgment
Author Contributions
References
15 Selenium Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Selenium Toxicity in Plants
15.3 Selenium Tolerance in Plants
15.4 Selenium Biofortification in Plants
15.5 Conclusion
References
16 Breeding for Rice Cultivars with Low Cadmium Accumulation
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Molecular Mechanisms of Cd Accumulation in Rice
16.3 Transgenic Approach for Breeding Low‐Cd Rice
16.4 Mutation Breeding for Low‐Cd Rice Cultivars
16.5 Molecular Marker‐Assisted Breeding for Low‐Cd Rice Cultivars
16.6 Future Perspectives
References
17 Mercury Toxicity
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Global Mercury Pollution
17.3 Mercury Uptake and Toxicity in Plants
17.4 Existence of Differential Plant Response to Hg Stress
17.5 Plant Tolerance Mechanisms
17.6 Phytoremediation Prospects
17.7 Conclusion
References
18 Lead Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Omics’ Contribution in Uncovering Molecular Alterations in Plants Under Pb Exposure
18.3 Genetics and Epigenetics Regulations of Pb Toxicity and Tolerance
18.4 The Role of Plant Cell Wall, Cell Signaling, and Transduction
18.5 Pb‐Binding Proteins/Transporters and Their Involvement in Tolerance
18.6 Pb‐Induced Oxidative Stress and Antioxidative Mechanisms
18.7 Metabolic Pathways Associated with Pb Tolerance
18.8 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
19 Interaction of Heavy Metal with Drought/Salinity Stress in Plants
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
19.3 Photosynthesis
19.4 Antioxidant System
19.5 Conclusions and Prospects
Acknowledgments
References
20 Hormonal Regulation of Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Crop Plants
20.1 Introduction
20.2 General Aspects of Plants Under HM Stress
20.3 Phytohormone‐Mediating Plant Response to HM Stress
20.4 Crosstalk of Phytohormones in Plants Responding to Heavy Metals
20.5 Final Considerations
References
21 Heavy‐Metal‐Induced Reactive Oxygen Species and Methylglyoxal Formation and Detoxification in Crop Plants
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Heavy‐Metal‐Induced ROS and Methylglyoxal Production in Plant Cells
21.3 Detoxification of ROS and Methylglyoxal in Plant Cells
21.4 Exogenous Chemical‐Compounds‐Mediated Heavy Metal/Metalloid Tolerance in Crop Plants
21.5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
22 Biochar Amendments in Soils and Heavy Metal Tolerance in Crop Plants
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Heavy Metal Immobilization Mechanisms on Biochar
22.3 Biochar Interactions Through Rhizosphere
22.4 Biochar‐Induced Plant Respond to Metal Stress
22.5 Effect of Biochar on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Different Crops
22.6 Effect of Biochar Type on Heavy Metal Immobilization
References
23 Plant‐Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteria and Their Metabolites
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Chemical Fertilizers and Their Impacts
23.3 PGPR and Biofertilization Traits
23.4 Resistance to Abiotic Stress
23.5 Biostimulation Potential and PGPR
23.6 Biocontrol Potential and PGPR
23.7 PGPR and Heavy Metal Bioremediation
23.8 Conclusion and Future Prospects
Acknowledgments
References
24 Applications of Nanotechnology for Improving Heavy Metal Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Impacts of NPs on the HM Stress in Plants
24.3 Mechanisms of NPs to Mitigate the Toxicity of HM
24.4 Summary and Prospect
References
25 The Dynamics of Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Importance of Phytoremediation
25.3 Role of Phytoremediation as a Sustainable Solution
25.4 Biophilic Design as Phytoremediation in Urban Sustainability
25.5 Conclusion
25.6 Future Perspective
Acknowledgment
References
26 Genetic Engineering for Heavy Metal/Metalloid Stress Tolerance in Plants
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Mechanisms of Heavy Metal/Metalloid Tolerance in Plants
26.3 Strategies for Improving Metal/Metalloid Stress Tolerance in Plants
26.4 Transgenic Plants and Heavy Metal/Metalloid Stress Tolerance in Plants
26.5 CRISPR/Cas System and Heavy Metal Tolerance Development
26.6 Conclusions and Future Prospects
Acknowledgment
References
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1 Morphoanatomical, biochemical, physiological, and molecular effec...
Table 1.2 Illustrates the improved metal tolerance in transgenic plants ach...
Chapter 4
Table 4.1 QTLs associated with Al tolerance identified in edible crops and ...
Table 4.2 Differentially expressed proteins associated with Al tolerance an...
Chapter 5
Table 5.1 QTL identified with significant association to Al toxicity tolera...
Chapter 7
Table 7.1 The variety of threshold for emerging Mn toxic symptoms in crop p...
Chapter 8
Table 8.1 Solubility of ferric ions (Fe
3+
) and ferrous ions (Fe
2+
) in vario...
Chapter 9
Table 9.1 List of landraces and released varieties showing tolerance to Fe ...
Table 9.2 Summary progress in molecular breeding for iron toxicity toleranc...
Chapter 12
Table 12.1 Main copper‐dependent enzymes.
Table 12.2 Main sources of copper used in agriculture.
Chapter 13
Table 13.1 List of transporters involved in zinc homeostasis.
Table 13.2 List of zinc accumulator plants.
Table 13.3 Genes or proteins involved in the accumulation of zinc in plants...
Chapter 14
Table 14.1 List of genes modulated under As(V) and As(III) imposition in
Or
...
Table 14.2 List of differential expression of miRNA genes under As(V) and A...
Table 14.3 As(III) responsive miRNAs associated with regulation of various ...
Table 14.4 Alteration of primary metabolites in different plants induced by...
Table 14.5 Arsenic‐induced alteration in secondary metabolites in different...
Chapter 16
Table 16.1 Encoding genes of Cd transporters in rice.
Chapter 17
Table 17.1 Regional global emission of Hg to air from anthropogenic sources ...
Chapter 18
Table 18.1 Literature relevant to “omics” techniques to uncover Pb‐induced ...
Chapter 21
Table 21.1 Major reactive oxygen species formed in plant cells.
Table 21.2 ROS formation in plant cells.
Table 21.3 Major low‐molecular‐weight antioxidants of higher plants.
Table 21.4 The most important enzymes playing a role in antioxidant defense...
Table 21.5 Protective effects of exogenous compounds to the ROS and MG deto...
Chapter 23
Table 23.1 Some examples of PGPR strains possessing heavy metal bioremediat...
Chapter 24
Table 24.1 Effect of nanoparticles on Cd and As toxicity and accumulation i...
Chapter 26
Table 26.1 Sulfur metabolism engineering and heavy metal/metalloid stress t...
Table 26.2 Transgenic plants overexpressing antioxidant genes and HM stress...
Table 26.3 Transgenic plants overexpressing PCS genes and HM stress toleran...
Table 26.4 Transgenic plants overexpressing MTs genes and HM stress toleranc...
Table 26.5 Transgenic plants overexpressing metal ion transporter genes/pro...
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 Illustrates different tolerance strategies adopted by plants to o...
Figure 1.2 Represents the advanced technologies – various omics (a) and gene...
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 A putative schematic diagram describes overall plant responses to...
Figure 2.2 A model for integrated six‐omics approaches for rising heavy meta...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Arsenic contamination in the environment and its exposure to huma...
Figure 3.2 Cadmium contamination in the environment and its exposure to huma...
Figure 3.3 Lead contamination in the environment and its exposure to human....
Figure 3.4 Chromium contamination in the environment and its exposure to hum...
Figure 3.5 Mercury contamination in the environment and its exposure to huma...
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 Mechanisms of plant tolerance to aluminum stress. Plants counter ...
Figure 4.2 Natural variation in rice aluminum tolerance genes.
Oryza sativa
...
Figure 4.3 Aluminum tolerance and signaling genes identified by genome‐wide ...
Figure 4.4 New aluminum tolerance genes identified by comparative transcript...
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 Validation of the major QTL for Al toxicity tolerance by linkage ...
Figure 5.2 Differential gene expression under Al stress condition. (a) The t...
Figure 5.3 The map of co‐located QTLs in SeriM82/Babax wheat population. For...
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Schematic representation of various transporters involved in the ...
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 The phenotype of the Mn toxicity in tomato (
Lycopersicon esculent
...
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Iron (Fe) reduction in submerged soils under lowland conditions a...
Figure 8.2 Hypothetical model of the four defense mechanisms and the regulat...
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 Illustration of mechanisms used by rice for iron toxicity toleran...
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 Effect of cobalt stress on overall plant growth. Plant exposure ...
Figure 10.2 Effect of cobalt stress on plant ultrastructure and molecular ar...
Figure 10.3 Schematic diagram of plant exposure to cobalt stress and subsequ...
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 High Ni concentration inhibits seed germination and root growth,...
Figure 11.2 Omics technologies for characterizing heavy metal stress respons...
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 Proteins involved in the maintenance of copper (Cu) homeostasis:...
Figure 12.2 Increase in soybean yield grown in two biomes as a function of f...
Figure 12.3 Induction of oxidative stress by excess copper (Cu) in the plant...
Figure 12.4 Main aspects of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of ...
Figure 12.5 MiRNAs and target genes involved in plant responses to excess he...
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1 Diagram illustrates pathways of root uptake and translocation me...
Figure 13.2 Representing gene ontologies of both up‐ and down‐regulated gene...
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1 Schematic diagram representing transporter assisted uptake, tran...
Chapter 18
Figure 18.1 Involvement of Pb in methionine‐recycling pathway.
Figure 18.2 Schematic representation of major mechanisms involved in Pb tole...
Chapter 20
Figure 20.1 Overview of phytohormones alleviating physiological and biochemi...
Figure 20.2 Antioxidant defense and heavy metal detoxification in plants. HM...
Figure 20.3 Schematic diagrams of nine major phytohormones (PHYs) signaling ...
Chapter 21
Figure 21.1 A schematic diagram representing HM/metalloid‐induced toxicity a...
Chapter 22
Figure 22.1 Biochar and heavy metal interactions in soil.
Figure 22.2 Influence of biochar on physiological factors related to heavy m...
Chapter 23
Figure 23.1 Overview of the different mechanisms adopted by PGPR.
Chapter 24
Figure 24.1 Numerous approaches are utilized to mitigate the toxicity of HM ...
Figure 24.2 Nanoparticles enter plants in different ways.
Figure 24.3 A schematic model of putative NP pathways to reduce HM stress in...
Chapter 25
Figure 25.1 Various mechanisms involved in phytoremediation.
Figure 25.2 Illustration of biophilic design as phytoremediation in urban su...
Figure 25.3 Schematic illustration of remediation by plants.
Chapter 26
Figure 26.1 Mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance in plants.
Guide
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
List of Contributors
Preface
Editor Biographies
Table of Contents
Begin Reading
Index
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
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Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants
A Biological, Omics, and Genetic Engineering Approach
Edited by
Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
AKM Zakir Hossain
Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Sylvain Bourgerie
Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
Masayuki Fujita
Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
Om Parkash Dhankher
University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
Parvez Haris
De Montfort University, Leicester, UK
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Hossain, Mohammad Anwar, editor. | Hossain, AKM Zakir, editor. | Bourgerie, Sylvain, editor. | Fujita, Masayuki, editor. | Dhankher, Om Parkash, editor. | Haris, P. I. (Parvez I.), editor.Title: Heavy metal toxicity and tolerance in plants : a biological, omics, and genetic engineering approach / edited by Mohammad Anwar Hossain, AKM Zakir Hossain, Sylvain Bourgerie, Masayuki Fujita, Om Parkash Dhankher, Parvez Haris.Other titles: Biological, omics, and genetic engineering approachDescription: First edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2023 | Includes index.Identifiers: LCCN 2023024444 (print) | LCCN 2023024445 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119906469 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119906476 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119906483 (epub)Subjects: LCSH: Plants–Effect of heavy metals on. | Heavy metals. | Plants–Heavy metal content.Classification: LCC QK753.H4 H42 2023 (print) | LCC QK753.H4 (ebook) | DDC 581.7–dc23/eng/20230721LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023024444LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2023024445
Cover Design: WileyCover Image: © pingphuket/Shutterstock, Courtesy of the Editors, Denis Belitsky/Shutterstock, Timofeev Vladimir/Shutterstock
List of Contributors
Muhammad Faheem AdilDepartment of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
Muhammad Siddique AfridiDepartment of Plant PathologyFederal University of Lavras (UFLA)Lavras, MG, Brazil
Hasina AfrozDepartment of Soil ScienceBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh, Bangladesh
Muhammad Salim AkhterDepartment of Botany, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
May Sann AungDepartment of Biological ProductionFaculty of Bioresource SciencesAkita Prefectural UniversityAkita City, Japan
Wardah AzharZhejiang Key Lab of Crop GermplasmDepartment of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Mohamed BanniDepartment of plant protectionLaboratory of Agrobiodiversity and EcotoxicologyHigher Institute of AgronomyChott‐Meriem, Sousse UniversitySousse, Tunisia
Higher Institute of BiotechnologyMonastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
Shanza BashirInstitute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE)National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)Islamabad, Pakistan
Muhammad Javidul Haque BhuiyanDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh, Bangladesh
Asok K. BiswasDepartment of Botany, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry LaboratoryCentre of Advanced StudyUniversity of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
Renald BlundellDepartment of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta,Msida, Malta
Iteb BoughattasDepartment of plant protection, Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott‐Meriem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
Department of agronomy, Regional Field Crops Research Center of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
Sylvain BourgerieLaboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d'Orléans, INRAE USC 1328, Orléans, France
Noureddine BousserrhineFaculty of Sciences and TechnologyLaboratory of Water Environment and Urban systems, University Paris‐Est Créteil, Créteil, France
Jessica BriffaDepartment of Physiology and BiochemistryFaculty of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Malta, Imsida, Malta
Buu Chi BuiDepartment of Biotechnology, Institute of Agriculture Science for Southern Vietnam (IAS), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Yassine ChafikLaboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
Département de BiologieFaculté des SciencesUniversité Mohammed PremierOujda, Morocco
Debasis ChakrabartyMolecular Biology & Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research ‐ National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR‐NBRI), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Sidra CharaghState Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
Nana ChenZhejiang Key Lab of Crop GermplasmDepartment of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Wentao ChenLife and Science Department, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Laboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
Ameur CherifBVBGR‐LR11ES31Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST)University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
Yang ChunyanZhejiang Key Lab of Crop GermplasmDepartment of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Delfim JJDepartment of Crop Science, UEL–Londrina State University, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil
Mathew M. DidaDepartment of Applied Plant Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food Security, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
Khady N. DrameCentre d'Etude Régional pour l'Amélioration de l'Adaptation à la Sécheresse (CERAAS)/Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA)Thiès, Sénégal
Sonali DubeySchool of Biosciences, IMS Ghaziabad University Courses CampusGhaziabad Uttar Pradesh, India
Taimoor Hassan FarooqBangor College China, A Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and TechnologyChangsha, Hunan, China
Qidong FengDepartment of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
Ertugrul FilizDepartment of Crop and Animal Production, Cilimli Vocational SchoolDuzce University, Duzce, Turkey
Yinbo GanZhejiang Key Lab of Crop GermplasmDepartment of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Maria Fernanda da Costa GomesDepartment of Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE),Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Ahmed Khairul HasanDepartment of AgronomyBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh, Bangladesh
Sayyeda Hira HassanDepartment of Biosciences and TerritoryUniversity of Molise, Pesche, Italy
Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d'Orléans, INRAE USC 1328, LBLGC EA 1207, Orléans, France
Sondes HelaouiDepartment of plant protection, Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott‐Meriem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
Tahsina Sharmin HoqueDepartment of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, MymensinghBangladesh
Mahmud HossainDepartment of Soil ScienceBangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh, Bangladesh
Mohammad Anwar HossainDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Yuanyuan HouLife and Science Department, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South ChinaLaboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha, Hunan, China
Zakir IbrahimDepartment of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
Faculty of AgricultureLasbela University of AgricultureWater and Marine SciencesUthal, Pakistan
Baber IqbalSchool of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, China
Ummar IqbalDepartment of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, BahawalpurPakistan
Md. Rafiqul IslamDepartment of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, MymensinghBangladesh
Bhakti JadhavInstitute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental ProtectionWroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
Sopnil Ahmed JahinDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Monica JamlaDepartment of BiotechnologyModern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
Zhongying JiState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceHunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterChangsha, China
Meng JiangCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
Hainan Institute, Zhejiang UniversitySanya, PR China
Institute of Crop SciencesNational Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
Xiaoli JinDepartment of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
Agnieszka Medyńska‐JuraszekInstitute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
Mukesh Kumar KanwarCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
Department of HorticultureZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
Muhammad Fazal KarimDepartment of Agronomy, Pir Mehar Ali Shah Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi Pakistan
Ali Raza KhanZhejiang Key Lab of Crop GermplasmDepartment of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Sheikh Mahfuja KhatunDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Éderson Akio KidoDepartment of Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE),Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Ali KıyakResearch Center for Scientific and Technology Applications, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
Hiroyuki KoyamaFaculty of Applied Biological SciencesGifu University, Gifu, Japan
Firat KurtDepartment of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Applied SciencesMus Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey
Manhattan LebrunLaboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d'Orléans, INRAE USC 1328, LBLGC EA 1207 Orléans, France
Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Suchdol, Czech Republic
Yaokui LiState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceHunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterChangsha, China
Yong LiLife and Science Department, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Laboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha Hunan, China
Ziqian LiLife and Science Department, National Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Laboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha, Hunan, China
Gizele de Andrade LuzDepartment of Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE),Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Zhengxin MaDepartment of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou China
Lovely MahawarRanjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
Barsha MajumderDepartment of Botany, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry LaboratoryCentre of Advanced StudyUniversity of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
Bigang MaoState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceHunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterChangsha, China
Mumtarin Haque MimDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Domenico MorabitoLaboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d'Orléans INRAE USC 1328, LBLGC EA 1207Orléans, France
Hiroshi MasudaDepartment of Biological ProductionFaculty of Bioresource SciencesAkita Prefectural UniversityAkita City, Japan
Marouane MkhininiDepartment of plant protection, Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology, Higher Institute of Agronomy Chott‐Meriem, Sousse University, Sousse, Tunisia
Moraes LACDepartment of Soil Science and Ecophysiology, Embrapa Soja Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Londrina Paraná State, Brazil
Moreira ADepartment of Soil Science and Ecophysiology, Embrapa Soja Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Londrina Paraná State, Brazil
Moreti LGDepartment of Crop ScienceSão Paulo State UniversityBotucatu São Paulo State, Brazil
Jannatul NaimDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Mohamed NeifarBVBGR‐LR11ES31, Department of Biotechnology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
APVA‐LR16ES20, Department of Biology National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS) University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
José Ribamar Costa Ferreira NetoDepartment of Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE),Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Lang Thi NguyenDepartment of Rice Breeding, High Agricultural Technology Research Institute (HATRI) Can Tho City, Vietnam
Sibgha NoreenDepartment of Botany, Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
Beatrycze NowickaDepartment of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of BiochemistryBiophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
Benson O. NyongesaDepartment of Biological Sciences School of Science, University of Eldoret Eldoret, Kenya
Dorothy A. OnyangoDepartment of Product Development and Commercialization, African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF)Nairobi, Kenya
Aparna PandeyRanjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
Sakshi PandeyRanjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
Yan PengState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceHunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterChangsha, China
Sheo Mohan PrasadRanjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of BotanyUniversity of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
Jiaxuan QiZhejiang Key Lab of Crop GermplasmDepartment of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Abdolkarim Chehregani RadDepartment of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Bu‐Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
Sharif‐Ar‐RaffiDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Ali RazaCollege of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU) Fuzhou, China
Ayan SadhukhanDepartment of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur India
Abdul SalamZhejiang Key Lab of Crop GermplasmDepartment of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Hajar SalehiDepartment for Sustainable Food Process Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Piacenza, Italy
Arifin SandhiDepartment of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of health and life sciencesLinnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
Kayode A. SanniDepartment of Product Development and Commercialization, African Agricultural Technology Foundation (AATF), Nairobi, Kenya
Gabriella Stefania ScippaDepartment of Biosciences and TerritoryUniversity of Molise, Pesche, Italy
Gabriella SferraDepartment of Biosciences and TerritoryUniversity of Molise, Pesche, Italy
Imtinen SghaierBVBGR‐LR11ES31, Department of Biotechnology, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet (ISBST), University of Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunisia
Imran Haider ShamsiDepartment of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyKey Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou China
Ye ShaoState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceHunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterChangsha, China
Manju ShriSchool of Applied Sciences and TechnologyGujarat Technological UniversityAhmedabad, Gujarat, India
Yang ShuaiqiZhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of AgronomyCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Abu Bakar SiddiqueDepartment of Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Palin SilDepartment of Botany, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, University of CalcuttaKolkata, India
Valquíria da SilvaDepartment of Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
Yue SongCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
Hainan Institute, Zhejiang UniversitySanya, PR China
Institute of Crop Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
Richa SrivastavaDepartment of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
Md. Tahjib‐Ul‐ArifDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, MymensinghBangladesh
Daisuke TakagiFaculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
Qianlong TanLife and Science DepartmentNational Engineering Laboratory for Applied Technology of Forestry & Ecology in South China, Laboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan ProvinceChangsha, Hunan, China
Li TangState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceHunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterChangsha, China
Dalila TrupianoDepartment of Biosciences and TerritoryUniversity of Molise, Pesche, Italy
Shihab UddinDepartment of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, MymensinghBangladesh
Zaid UlhassanZhejiang Key Lab of Crop GermplasmDepartment of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Najeeb UllahAgricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Selman UluısıkBurdur Food Agriculture and Livestock Vocational School, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
Meththika VithanageEcosphere Resilience Research Center Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegoda, Sri Lanka
Nu XuoZhejiang Key Lab of Crop GermplasmDepartment of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Qichun ZhangMOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
Xin ZhangSchool of MarxismZhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
Bingran ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceHunan Hybrid Rice Research CenterChangsha, China
Jie ZhouCollege of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
Department of HorticultureZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative BiologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou, PR China
Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, LinyiPR China
Preface
Unrestricted anthropogenic activities, industrialization, urbanization, and unorganized waste disposal have significantly increased the environmental pollution in recent times. In addition, factors like continuous use of phosphatic fertilizers, industrial waste, leaded gasoline and paints, dust from smelters, pesticides, sewage sludge application, wastewater irrigation, and the weathering of the minerals are the major causes of heavy metals (HMs)/metalloids contamination of soil and environmental pollution worldwide. In soil, HMs either exist freely as ionic form or complexed with inorganic/organic ligands or bound with soil organic matter content. Bioavailability and chemical speciation of HMs is extensively governed by soil geochemical properties. Accumulation of HMs in soil poses a pervasive hazard to the agricultural ecosystems, which in turn affects the human population also through the transmission via food chain. Heavy metals are categorized as essential and nonessential metals considering the biological importance and their impacts on the plant growth and yield. Heavy metals/metalloids such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) are nonessential for the plant metabolism and can greatly reduce the crop productivity after their concentration reaches to the supraoptimal levels. These metals are also classified as most toxic due to their toxicity, occurrence frequency in the environment, and potential human exposure. On the other hand, HMs such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and molybdenum (Mo) are involved in the essential functioning and hence display positive impacts on the crop productivity when present at optimum levels. Though the optimal amount of these essential elements is required for the ideal plant growth and development, their excess availability severely impact plant growth and productivity. Climate change is likely to have a greater influence on HM/metalloid contamination based on significant impact on all factors related to HM bioavailability, fate, and toxicity including their eco‐physiological properties.
Plants have developed unique strategies to respond to HM/metalloid stress, which enable them to monitor their surroundings and adjust their metabolic systems to maintain metal homeostasis. Plants respond to HM stresses by activating a cascade or network of events that starts with stress perception and ends with the expression of a battery of stress‐associated genes conferring cellular, biochemical, physiological, and molecular plant processes to cope with lethal effects of HM toxicity. Recently, a substantial interest has developed in HM tolerance mechanisms, especially the ones enabling plants to thrive well in environments having high metal concentrations. Recent advancement and approaches in crop improvement in toxic HM/metalloid stress is predominantly focused on multidimensional regulatory network at molecular level. Meanwhile, current developments in various disciplines of biology, for example genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, phenomics, and metallomics have aided in the characterization of genomes, RNA biology, transcription factors, metabolites, and phenome gene products involved in metal tolerance in crop plants. In comparison with practicing techniques, using omics technology is greatly helpful, pragmatic, and feasible approach for improving plant systems.
Recently, a significant proportion of the crop genetic research is focused on establishing and finding the elusive blocks of knowledgeable links between the physiological significance of metal integration and relative associated toxicity of the transient flow of the metal from the roots to shoots thus affecting the plant biomass. Although significant progress has been made in HM toxicity and tolerance in plants, in‐depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms‐associated HM stress tolerance in plants is important to establish several lines of genetic research to advance the understanding of the metal translocation and the involvement of the metal in several physiological responses. In addition, to date most of the information obtained on tolerance mechanisms has been obtained from experiments where plants have been exposed to a single form of HMs and the mechanisms associated with the tolerance of plants’ to a mixture of HMs is not fully understood.
In this book, Heavy Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants: A Biological, Omics, and Genetic Engineering Approach, we represent a collection of 26 chapters contributed by the leading expert engages with HM/metalloid toxicity and tolerance in crop plants. The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of HM/metalloid tolerance and functional omics that will allow for a deeper understanding of the HM/metalloid tolerance for deliberate manipulation of plants to increase tolerance to HM/metalloid toxicity/deficiency, crop quality improvement, as well as phytoremediation. This would help researchers to develop strategies to enhance metal toxicity/deficiency tolerance as well as crop productivity under stressful conditions and to better utilize natural resources to ensure future food security. Finally, this book will be a valuable resource for promoting future research into plant HM/metalloid tolerance and aims to be a reference book for researchers working on developing plants tolerant to metal stress and effective strategies for reducing the risk of health hazards. We believe that the information presented in this book will make a sound contribution to this fascinating area of research.
Mohammad Anwar Hossain
AKM Zakir Hossain
Sylvain Bourgerie
Masayuki Fujita
Om Parkash Dhankher
Parvez Haris
Editor Biographies
Dr. Mohammad Anwar Hossain is serving as a Professor in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. He received his BSc in Agriculture and MS in Genetics and Plant Breeding from BAU, Bangladesh. He also received an MS in agriculture from Kagawa University, Japan, in 2008 and a PhD in abiotic stress physiology and molecular biology from Ehime University, Japan, in 2011 through Monbukagakusho scholarship. As a JSPS postdoctoral researcher, he has worked on isolating low phosphorus stress‐tolerant genes from rice at the University of Tokyo, Japan, during the period of 2015–2017. His current research program focuses on understanding physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stresses in plants and the generation of stress‐tolerant and nutrient‐efficient plants through breeding and biotechnology. He has over 75 peer‐reviewed publications and has edited 15 books, including this one, published by CRC Press, Springer, Elsevier, Wiley, and CABI.
Dr. AKM Zakir Hossain is working as a Professor in the Department of Crop Botany, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. He is currently appointed as a Vice‐Chancellor of Kurigram Agricultural University, Kurigram, Bangladesh, by the Honorable President of the Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh on May, 2022. Dr. Zakir received his BSc in agriculture and MS in crop botany (plant physiology) from BAU, Bangladesh. He achieved his PhD from Gifu University, Japan, in 2004 and got the degree on “Plant Cell Physiology in Cereal Crops” under Monbukagakusho Scholarship (Japan Government), Japan. He also got postdoctoral research scholarship and worked on “Biological Nitrification Inhibition (BNI) in Cereals and its Molecular Characterization” from Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) during the period of 2006–2008. His research specialization confined in plant physiology, molecular biology, and plant environmental chemistry. He is currently doing researches on plant stress physiology, plant nutritional physiology, abiotic stress tolerance in plants, characterization of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. He published about 50 peer‐reviewed research articles in national and reputed international journals with high impact factor and edited 3 books including this one published by Science, Springer, Elsevier, Wiley, Taylor and Francis, MDPI etc.
Dr. Sylvain Bourgerie is an Associate Professor in biochemistry and molecular biology at the University of Orleans (France). He received a PhD in biochemistry from the University of Limoges (France). His current research, done at the Laboratory of biology of wood and crops, in the team "Trees and Responses to Water and Environmental Constraints," since 2009, focuses on the fate of metallic trace elements (MTE) in the different abiotic and biotic compartments of contaminated soils and for associated plants. He seeks to define the mechanisms that condition MTE transfer, bioaccumulation capacities, and, finally, their toxic and ecotoxicological effects on the different biological levels of integration. He also tries to better understand the interactions between trees and contaminated soils, particularly the influence of rhizospheric processes on the mobility, availability and toxicity of MTE, in order to better understand the phytoremediative capacities of woody species to vegetate soils that are unsuitable for plant development. In details, he develops alternative approaches in aided phytostabilization using biochar as amendment. He has over 60 peer‐reviewed publications.
Dr. Masayuki Fujita is a Professor in the Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan. He received his BSc in chemistry from Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, and his MAgr and PhD in plant biochemistry from Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. His research interests include physiological, biochemical, and molecular biological responses based on secondary metabolism in plants under biotic (pathogenic fungal infection) and abiotic (salinity, drought, extreme temperatures, and heavy metals) stresses, phytoprotectants and biostimulants, phytoalexin, cytochrome P‐450, glutathione S‐transferase, phytochelatin, and redox reaction and antioxidants. He has over 200 peer‐reviewed publications and has edited 32 books and special issues of journals.
Dr. Om Parkash Dhankher is a Professor of agriculture biotechnology in the Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst (USA). He received his MSc and MPhil in Botany from Kurukshetra University (India) and PhD in plant molecular biology from Durham University (United Kingdom). He was the recipient of the prestigious Commonwealth Scholarship by the Commonwealth Commission London. He developed the first transgenic plant‐based approach for arsenic phytoremediation by combining the expression of two bacterial genes and translating this research from model plant Arabidopsis to high biomass nonfood field crops. His major research focus is phytoremediation, bioenergy production, and developing climate‐resilient crops. Along with this, his laboratory is developing arsenic‐free and arsenic‐tolerant food crops in order to improve human health using both forward and reverse genetic approaches. Prof. Dhankher has published more than 120 referred publications and book chapters in high‐impact journals including Nature, Nature Biotechnology, PNAS, Plant Cell, Plant Biotechnology, New Phytologist, Plant Physiology, Environmental Science & Technology, ACS Nano, etc., four edited books, Guest Edited five special issues for several journals, and six international patents were awarded to him. He is an elected fellow of Crop Science Society of America (CSSA), Agronomy Society of America (ASA), International Society of Environmental Biologist (ISEB), Indian Society of Plant Physiology and a member of the executive committee of the American Society of Plant Biologists (ASPB), elected Vice President for the International Society for Phytotechnologies (IPS, 2015–2022). Prof. Dhankher is also a serving as the senior associate editor for the International Journal of Phytoremediation, editor for the Plant Cell Reports, International Journal of Plant & Environment; Plant Physiology Reports; and the Associate Editor for the Crop Science, The Plant Genome, MDPI Plants, and the Food and Energy Security journal, etc. Prof. Dhankher has supervised over two dozen PhD and MSc students, and postdoctoral research associates. Prof. Dhanker has established widespread national and international collaborations with researchers in Australia, India, China, Italy, Egypt, UK, and USA.
Professor Parvez Haris currently holds the Chair of Biomedical Science at De Montfort University (Leicester, United Kingdom) and served as the Head of Research for the School of Allied Health Sciences for many years. He is engaged in research at the interface of chemistry, life, health, and environmental sciences. After gaining a first class BSc honors degree, Parvez was awarded a scholarship by the UK Science & Engineering Research Council in 1985 to study PhD in Biochemistry at the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine (University of London). The scholarship involved link with industry (SmithKline Beecham) and Parvez conducted research on a medically important drug molecule and its interaction with enzymes. His project involved application of spectroscopic techniques for molecular analysis and drug discovery. His PhD supervisor was one of the leading British Scientists, Professor Dennis Chapman FRS (Fellow of the Royal Society), who was the founder of Biocompatibles International Plc (a medical design technology company). After completion of his PhD, Parvez carried out research for seven years as a post‐doctoral research fellow (partly funded by the Wellcome Trust), at the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine. At the end of his post‐doctoral fellowship, he joined De Montfort University as a lecturer in 1996. His research includes the analysis of elements and molecules in living systems and the environment with particular emphasis on addressing global challenges. He is engaged in highly interdisciplinary research, which involves the use of diverse biochemical and spectroscopic methods for improving our understanding of biochemical processes, food systems, and the environment. Parvez has published hundreds of scientific articles and has co‐edited five books.
