Human-Computer Interaction and Beyond: Advances Towards Smart and Interconnected Environments (Part I) -  - E-Book

Human-Computer Interaction and Beyond: Advances Towards Smart and Interconnected Environments (Part I) E-Book

0,0
50,80 €

-100%
Sammeln Sie Punkte in unserem Gutscheinprogramm und kaufen Sie E-Books und Hörbücher mit bis zu 100% Rabatt.
Mehr erfahren.
Beschreibung

Human-Computer Interaction and Beyond: Advances Towards Smart and Interconnected Environments is a 2-part book set which presents discoveries, innovative ideas, concepts, practical solutions, and novel applications of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and related disciplines such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, data mining, computer vision, and natural language processing. The book provides readers with information about HCI trends which are shaping the future of smart, interconnected urban and industrial environments. Contributions are authored by experts and scientists in the field of HCI and its interrelated disciplines from 8 different countries – Chile, China, Croatia, India, Iran, Malaysia, Peru, and South Korea.
The chapters of this volume present novel and state of the art research works conducted at the intersection of HCI aimed at developing trust, increasing user acceptance, augmenting user performance, and fostering human-technology partnerships. Chapters cover usability testing in digital healthcare systems, user experience testing of handicapped children and assistive technologies for visually impaired users and a gamified user experience design for learning. The volume also presents a review of twitter usability testing among Indian users, along with specific cases of arthritis diagnostic systems, meteorological draught analysis and the role of EUPS in improving GUI design to improve the user experience.
Human-Computer Interaction and Beyond: Advances Towards Smart and Interconnected Environments is an informative reference for scientists, researchers, and developers in both academia and industry who wish to learn, design, implement, and apply these emerging technologies in HCI in different sectors, with the goal of realizing futuristic technology-driven living and functional smart cities and environments.

Sie lesen das E-Book in den Legimi-Apps auf:

Android
iOS
von Legimi
zertifizierten E-Readern

Seitenzahl: 239

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Bewertungen
0,0
0
0
0
0
0
Mehr Informationen
Mehr Informationen
Legimi prüft nicht, ob Rezensionen von Nutzern stammen, die den betreffenden Titel tatsächlich gekauft oder gelesen/gehört haben. Wir entfernen aber gefälschte Rezensionen.



Table of Contents
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD.
End User License Agreement (for non-institutional, personal use)
Usage Rules:
Disclaimer:
Limitation of Liability:
General:
PREFACE
Acknowledgements
List of Contributors
A Survey of Approaches for Facilitating Rich User Experience in Healthcare Domain
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Conducting Digital Product Usability Tests with Children who have Atypical Development
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
THE VALUE OF USER TESTING
APPROACHING THE USER BASE
PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE
METHODS
RESULTS OF THE SURVEY
EXPERT OPINION
DISCUSSION
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Assistive Technologies and Artificial Intelligence for Visually Impaired: Investigating Ongoing Issues and Challenges
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
RELATED WORK
EXISTING RESEARCH SUMMARIES ONGOING ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Accessing Web Content
Entertainment
Navigational Support
Social Activities Assistance
Learning Enhancement
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Commercial Products in the Market
Major Challenges and Concluding Remarks
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Usability Testing of Twitter App with Indian Users
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Features / Facilities in Twitter
Selection of Participant Users
Selection of Tasks
Benchmark Duration for Tasks
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS ANALYSIS
IDENTIFIED USABILITY PROBLEMS AND REMEDIES
Design of Icons
Design of Button
Follow button
Shortcut for Bookmark
Reduction in Information Overload
Simplicity and Efficiency of ‘List’ Function
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Enhancing Gamified Online Learning User Experience (UX): A Systematic Literature Review of Recent Trends
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
Gamification
How Gamification Works
Gamified Online Learning
Gamification and User Experience (UX)
RELATED WORKS
REVIEW PROCEDURE
Search Strategy
Data Extraction
ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
What Level of Education is Targeted?
What Topics/subjects are being Gamified?
What Combinations of Game Elements are Being Implemented?
Effectiveness of Gamification on User Experience (UX)?
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
APPENDIX A
REFERENCES
Applications of HCI in Health Care for Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXISTING LITERATURE
HCI: DEFINITION AND CATEGORIZATION
HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION FOR THE R.A. DISABLED
HCI DESIGN METHODS FOR DETECTING R.A.
METHODOLOGY IN AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF HAND X-RAY JOINTS USING HUMAN-CENTERED MACHINE
Preprocessing
Segmentation
Feature Extraction
Prediction
Feature Learning, Layers, and Classification
Feature /Pattern of Image
CONCLUDING REMARKS
FUTURE SCOPE
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Optimization Techniques in ANN for Assessing Meteorological Droughts in Dhaka and Chittagong, Bangladesh
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
STUDY SITE
EXPERIMENTAL METHODLOGY
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
The Role of EUPs in custom GUIs for Future Integration of HCI-enhancing Devices
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Automation and Complexity in Architectural Design
End-User Programmers and Computational Design in Architecture
Industry 4.0 in Architectural Design
METHODS
Design Platform
Backend service in Amazon Web Services (AWS)
Peer Review
CASE STUDY
DESIGN PLATFORM (A)
Data Science (A1)
Design (A3)
BACKEND SERVICE IN AMAZON WEB SERVICES (B)
Cloud Storage (B1)
Artificial Intelligence in AWS (B2)
PEER REVIEW (C)
Augmented Reality (C1)
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Human-Computer Interaction and Beyond: Advances Towards Smart and Interconnected Environments
(Part I)
Edited by
Nirmalya Thakur
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
College of Engineering and Applied Science
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, Ohio
United States
&
Parameshachari B.D.
Department of Telecommunication Engineering
GSSS Institute of Engineering & Technology for Women, Mysuru
Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU)
Belagavi, Karnataka
India

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD.

End User License Agreement (for non-institutional, personal use)

This is an agreement between you and Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. Please read this License Agreement carefully before using the ebook/echapter/ejournal (“Work”). Your use of the Work constitutes your agreement to the terms and conditions set forth in this License Agreement. If you do not agree to these terms and conditions then you should not use the Work.

Bentham Science Publishers agrees to grant you a non-exclusive, non-transferable limited license to use the Work subject to and in accordance with the following terms and conditions. This License Agreement is for non-library, personal use only. For a library / institutional / multi user license in respect of the Work, please contact: [email protected].

Usage Rules:

All rights reserved: The Work is the subject of copyright and Bentham Science Publishers either owns the Work (and the copyright in it) or is licensed to distribute the Work. You shall not copy, reproduce, modify, remove, delete, augment, add to, publish, transmit, sell, resell, create derivative works from, or in any way exploit the Work or make the Work available for others to do any of the same, in any form or by any means, in whole or in part, in each case without the prior written permission of Bentham Science Publishers, unless stated otherwise in this License Agreement.You may download a copy of the Work on one occasion to one personal computer (including tablet, laptop, desktop, or other such devices). You may make one back-up copy of the Work to avoid losing it.The unauthorised use or distribution of copyrighted or other proprietary content is illegal and could subject you to liability for substantial money damages. You will be liable for any damage resulting from your misuse of the Work or any violation of this License Agreement, including any infringement by you of copyrights or proprietary rights.

Disclaimer:

Bentham Science Publishers does not guarantee that the information in the Work is error-free, or warrant that it will meet your requirements or that access to the Work will be uninterrupted or error-free. The Work is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied or statutory, including, without limitation, implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to the results and performance of the Work is assumed by you. No responsibility is assumed by Bentham Science Publishers, its staff, editors and/or authors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products instruction, advertisements or ideas contained in the Work.

Limitation of Liability:

In no event will Bentham Science Publishers, its staff, editors and/or authors, be liable for any damages, including, without limitation, special, incidental and/or consequential damages and/or damages for lost data and/or profits arising out of (whether directly or indirectly) the use or inability to use the Work. The entire liability of Bentham Science Publishers shall be limited to the amount actually paid by you for the Work.

General:

Any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with this License Agreement or the Work (including non-contractual disputes or claims) will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Singapore. Each party agrees that the courts of the state of Singapore shall have exclusive jurisdiction to settle any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with this License Agreement or the Work (including non-contractual disputes or claims).Your rights under this License Agreement will automatically terminate without notice and without the need for a court order if at any point you breach any terms of this License Agreement. In no event will any delay or failure by Bentham Science Publishers in enforcing your compliance with this License Agreement constitute a waiver of any of its rights.You acknowledge that you have read this License Agreement, and agree to be bound by its terms and conditions. To the extent that any other terms and conditions presented on any website of Bentham Science Publishers conflict with, or are inconsistent with, the terms and conditions set out in this License Agreement, you acknowledge that the terms and conditions set out in this License Agreement shall prevail.

Bentham Science Publishers Pte. Ltd. 80 Robinson Road #02-00 Singapore 068898 Singapore Email: [email protected]

PREFACE

In this age of rapidly advancing technology, the future of living and functional environments would involve humans interacting, coordinating, and collaborating with computers, machines, robots, and various technology-laden systems in a multitude of ways. Examples of such smart and interconnected environments include Smart Homes, Smart Industries, Smart Workplaces, Smart Buildings, and Smart Cities, just to name a few. There are two parts of the edited book that presents discoveries, innovative ideas, concepts, theoretical findings, practical solutions, improvements, and novel applications in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) aimed at developing trust, user acceptance, augmenting user performance, improving quality of life, and fostering human-technology partnerships in the future of technology-laden living and functional environments.

The topics covered in these books include the following:

Applications of HCI for Smart Homes, Smart Cities, and Smart VehiclesDesign of Technology for special user groups – elderly, disabled, etc.Prototypes of Interactive Systems with a focus on Human-Centered DesignApplications of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Data Mining in HCIComputer Vision, Image Recognition and their applications in HCINovel works in mobile or web development related to HCI for Smart EnvironmentsApplications of HCI in healthcare, education, entertainment, and gamesApplications of HCI and related technologies focusing on COVID-19

The current part of this book, Part 1, presents a unique and diverse collection of the global advancements in HCI in the above-mentioned application domains. It consists of chapters authored by experts and scientists in the field of HCI and its interrelated disciplines from 8 different countries – Chile, China, Croatia, India, Iran, Malaysia, Peru, and South Korea. This book is aimed at scientists, researchers, and developers in Academia and the Industry who wish to learn, design, implement, and apply the emerging technologies, concepts, and applications from the field of Human-Computer Interaction in different application domains, with a specific focus on the future of technology-laden living and functional environments. Each chapter has an abstract and keywords followed by the introduction, methodologies, and other sections. Readers can determine their interest level in any chapter quickly based on the keywords and the abstract.

Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge Bentham Science Publishers for this opportunity and for their professional support throughout this project. Finally, we would like to thank all the authors of the chapters in this book.

Nirmalya Thakur Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science College of Engineering and Applied Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio United States & Parameshachari B.D. Department of Telecommunication Engineering GSSS Institute of Engineering & Technology for Women, Mysuru Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University (VTU) Belagavi, Karnataka India

List of Contributors

Abdulsalam S. MustafaCollege of Graduate Studies, University Tenaga Nasional, Selangor, MalaysiaA.K. KureshiMMANTC, Malegaon, IndiaA.N. BanubakodeMET Institute of Computer Science Bandra(W), Mumbai, Maharashtra, IndiaAndrej BodrušićAlgebra University College, Zagreb, CroatiaChhaya S. GosaviDepartment of Computer Engineering, Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Karvenagar, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaGanesh BhutkarCenter of Excellence in Human-Computer Interaction, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, IndiaHelena BukovacAlgebra University College, Zagreb, CroatiaHussain M.ELTEC, College of Enginering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South KoreaJosé ReáteguiSchool of Architecture, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, PeruKianoosh KarimiFaculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMichael HurtadoSchool of Architecture, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, PeruMauricio LoyolaFaculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, ChileMuhammad ShoaibDepartment of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology Wenzhou-Kean University, ChinaMate G.SJSPM’s Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering, Pune, IndiaPark S.K.ELTEC, College of Enginering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South KoreaPablo C. HerreraSchool of Architecture, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, PeruPranjali DeshpandeDepartment of Computer Engineering, Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Karvenagar, Pune, Maharashtra, IndiaSwapnil PawarCenter of Excellence in Human-Computer Interaction, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, IndiaTiffany Ya TangDepartment of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology Wenzhou-Kean University, ChinaXu WeiDepartment of Computer Science, College of Science and Technology Wenzhou-Kean University, China

A Survey of Approaches for Facilitating Rich User Experience in Healthcare Domain

Pranjali Deshpande1,Chhaya S. Gosavi1,*
1 Department of Computer Engineering, Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Karve-nagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

HCI is a discipline concerned with designing, evaluating, and implementing interactive systems for human use. HCI focuses on the fact that “people should come first.” The healthcare industry has more rapid influence and development with HCI in recent days. Healthcare systems with improved HCI would benefit the industry in terms of quality of service and throughput. In the healthcare domain, the Interaction possibilities are spread in a broad spectrum, i.e., from tangible interfaces to wearable and implanted devices. The survey of the diverse device interactions in various healthcare systems from technological aspects is a significant area of research, useful to the medical fraternity and ordinary people. The presented survey will open up the doors for exploring novel approaches related to the rich User Experience in the healthcare domain for the benefit of society.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligent, DSS, Embodiment, HCI, Health Care, ICT, Implanted devices, Literature Review, Medical Services, Mobile Applications, Multidisciplinary, NLG, PRO, Quality Parameters, SHT, Tangible Interfaces, Ubiquitous Computing, User Experience, Voice Assistants, Wearable devices.
*Corresponding author Chhaya Gosavi: MKSSS's Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Karvenagar, Pune – 411052, Maharashtra, India; E-mail: [email protected]

INTRODUCTION

Human-Computer Interface (HCI), also known as User Experience (UE), is the Computer science and engineering domain that focuses on the systems' Human-Centric Development. It influences and incorporates all the major Computer Science domains like Artificial Intelligence, Ubiquitous Computing, Database management, etc. With the tremendous advancement in these technologies, HCI has also flourished to enhance the user experience of almost all the systems used by human beings.

HCI is also a multidisciplinary domain that facilitates human services in many fields like healthcare, gaming, social and organizational management systems, various tangible and auditory interfaces, etc.

HCI is a perfect reflection of how machines can make human beings' lives more comfortable and happier through various handy interfaces. Healthcare is an essential domain. It exploits all the different approaches, tools, and techniques in the medical field to help humans survive and cope with the various health problems arising from genetic issues, improper lifestyle, or health problems due to unforeseen and unavoidable accidents pandemics. As HCI systems are built keeping humans in the center, they prove to be a boon to humankind as right from motor organs to internal organs. Technology can be blended with medical techniques to create beneficial machines and tools. The use of HCI can be witnessed in the smooth functioning of almost all organs and senses. Various Information and Communication Technology (ICT) devices are built to handle multiple human feelings. Some of these ICT modalities include cameras for sight, various input/output devices like touch screens and keypads for touch, pointer devices for haptic control, microphones for hearing, different chemical sensors, and analyzers for smell taste. To enable human interaction with the outside world, different types of interfaces can be designed like gesture interfaces for expressing meaning or idea through various gestures by body parts like fingers, hands, arms, head, face, tangible interfaces, and organic interfaces to facilitate manipulation of object in three-dimension space, auditory and Natural Language interfaces, wearable and implanted device interfaces like pacemakers, etc. With this context, the importance of HCI to support healthcare services can be understood. The literature survey in this chapter encompasses the various possibilities and approaches of enhancement in medical facilities with the help of HCI. The survey considers the various health aspects, including the mental and physical health and use of various wearable and implanted devices for the well-being of humankind.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The literature review focuses on the approaches by researchers on various health aspects. Nowadays, we observe that people are getting more inclined towards a healthy lifestyle and diet due to awareness of junk and processed food. HCI can play a significant role in managing the dietary needs and constant monitoring of the patient. Luca Anselma and Alessandro Mazzei have designed an app, Multimedia Application for Diet Management (MADiMan), for diet management. MADiMan app focuses on two aspects. The first one studies users' dietary constraints and automatically adapts the users' diet through a numerical reasoner. The second part helps the user stick to a healthy diet by generating text messages through Natural Language Generation (NLG) system. The results generated by numerical reasoners are used for this purpose. The use of the reasoning module makes this app different from other commercial apps. The reasoning module generates a numerical representation of the diet and food consumed. This facilitates proper diet management through an app. Whereas the NLG module contains a document planner, sentence planner, and a realize module for providing customization of the messages. The CheckYourMeal app is used to evaluate the NLG module by considering the description of human-based simulation. Two experiments with two distinct groups of people are conducted, and the correctness of the app on various parameters is checked [1]

Franklin et al. categorized the important usability factors. They discussed some of the parameters that would make the interface practical and usable with specific quality parameters such as safety and reliability. The problems in the interfaces are analyzed from the clinical point of view, and the ways are figured out for usability improvement and for meeting the User Experience needs. They also planned to involve certain significant quantitative factors related to these qualitative factors to address the needs of next-generation healthcare systems to improve the usability of the interface [2]. There is less importance given to standardizing methods to collect and integrate Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) data in today's internet world. Deliya B et al. described a framework for understanding patients' usability and functional requirements collecting PRO data using applications (apps) and healthcare providers using these data at the point of care in ambulatory settings. The STS model asked the guided questions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eighteen patients and nine healthcare providers to elicit feedback about facilitators and barriers to the successful use of PRO apps and PRO data in ambulatory settings. The data were analyzed inductively to identify emergent themes. It was observed that younger patients were only interested in using a PRO app if they had an active health issue to track. The nine older patients preferred passive means of data collection to follow a health issue, selected direct contact with their healthcare provider and used office visits to share information. The app provides transparency and privacy. All patients desired optimal usability and emphasized bidirectional communication in an app. All healthcare providers agreed that PRO data would be most useful and relevant if key patient populations were targeted based on the specific measure [3].

In the case of Asthma, the patient's self-awareness and management of the clinical state of Asthma is beneficial. Otilia Kocsis et al. proposed a short-term prediction approach for asthma control status named myAirCoach, considering training multiple classification models for each monitored parameter and necessary pre-processing methods to enhance robustness and efficiency. The integrated sensors are used to understand physiological, behavioral, and environmental factors to monitor the increase in the symptoms. The work focuses on the prototype implementation of the Decision Support System (DSS) in the myAirCoach project. Various machine learning algorithms like Support Vector Machines, Random Forests, AdaBoost, and Bayesian Network are used. They concluded that the Random Forests and Support Vector Machines classifiers demonstrated overall superior performance for the case studies (models) considered. The dataset of asthma assessment tools of 76 patients was taken into consideration for experimenting. The experiments were conducted using the R language, and the performance of various algorithms was studied [4].

Erinc Merdivan et al. presented an overview of existing dialogue management methods and discussed their advantages and limitations. They also proposed a new image-based plan in Facebook bAbI Task 1 dataset in the Out of Vocabulary setting. They concluded that using dialogue as an image performs well and helps the dialogue manager expand out vocabulary dialogue tasks compared to Memory Networks [5]. Hayat Sedratia et al. [6] presented the review of the current development of mobile health applications for chronic and incapacitating diseases indicative of physical or mental disability in the patient, namely: brain injury, stroke, and spinal cord injury; psychoactive substance abuse and addiction, depression, stress, and anxiety. They searched various applications in both Android and Apple app stores. Based on these search results database is developed, and results are analyzed. They concluded that there is a need for healthcare professionals' involvement in the design and development of apps meant for diagnostic and treatment. They also observed the inequality of users' profiles in both mental and physical mobile apps. They evaluated the usefulness, efficiency, and suitability of the most relevant applications in the Moroccan context and performed a comparison and evaluation of the efficacy of these applications.

Ekaterina V. Bologvaa et al. used electronic medical records (EMR) by the Russian medical research center. They explored the challenges faced by HCI while handling this database. They observed that the quality of data stored in the database is affected by inadequate HCI. According to them, poor HCI design in EMR leads to some trivial mistakes. Possible consequences of such errors are discussed from clinical and data science perspectives. A specially designed Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) is used to enhance HCI, resulting in a subsequent increase in EMR quality. Their study is a part of a larger project to develop complex CDSS on cardiovascular disorders for medical research centers [7].

Sustainability concerning reducing poverty, eliminating various diseases, and educating the entire population should always be the global level's topmost goals. Jan Gulliksen et al. provided an overview of human-computer interaction (HCI) contribution to international development in different regions of the world. They addressed the fact that HCI needs to fulfill the contextual needs, develop digital innovations, and how it can be done. They used qualitative research methodology with an action research paradigm. The role of digitization is significant in the medical field. It helps in various aspects like the use of digital tools in spreading awareness of the symptoms and early detection of the disease, maintaining medical records, enhance the administration, facilitating symptom detection utilizing digital techniques like taking pictures of the patient in remote areas and sending them to doctor for reference and in the rehabilitation of the people in traumatic conditions like significant accidents. They concluded that digitalization is fundamentally changing society through the development and use of digital technologies and may profoundly affect the digital evolution of every country in the world [8].

Jarosław Kowalski et al. presented the results of an exploratory study examining the potential of voice assistants (VA) for some groups of older adults in the context of Smart Home Technology (SHT). The designed system consists of a speaker with a voice assistant agent, smartphone, and additional peripherals such as a TV set, an Android TV Set-Top Box, light controllers, Wi-Fi relays, etc. The authors suggested verifying the identified primary barriers and benefits, exploring the insights gathered and investigating their solution with different potential user groups to verify which insights may be group-specific and general. The results were found to be very promising when VA is blended with IoT [9].

Worldwide at least 50 million people are affected by Alzheimer's disease. The elderly population is impacted more by this disease. In the paper [10], a comprehensive HCI system named symbiosis is explained, which provides integrated solutions to various health problems arising due to Alzheimer's disease. Natural User Interface (NUI) is designed to facilitate physical and mental exercise. SymbioGames are designed to improve various skills like memory, attention, orientation, etc. SymbioSpace facility is constructed with auxiliary auditory and visual effects to facilitate a friendly environment for the patient through augmented reality. Similarly, SymbioMusic is designed for mood change, and SymbioEyes are built to track the patient through GPS. The system was tested on 20 patients, and the results were found to be very promising in terms of an increase in spatial perception, emotional and mental efficiency, etc.

Covid-19 pandemic has changed the perspective of socialism in society. Due to the norms of social distancing and the potential health risk due to Coronavirus, the prominent problem people face and will face in the future is the problem of loneliness. In the paper [11], the authors have tried to address this problem with the help of companion robots. The robots are designed for two purposes: to assist humans in domestic work and have social skills to interact with people. In the first step, data collection is done through various social media platforms to know the user experience of the people for the tiny robot named Vector. In the second phase, lexical and semantic analysis is done on the collected data. The posts are categorized as useful (e.g., timer) or hedonic (e.g., fun) depending on the contents. It is observed that the words like love, adore in the posts indicate the social intimacy of people with Vector during the quarantine period. The impact analysis of the use of companion robots is observed in the mitigation of loneliness. It can help the manufacturers enhance the features of a robot to provide a rich user experience to the users.

Shengzhi Wang et al. demonstrated the significant gap between the potential benefits offered by technologies such as AI and other AAI and the barriers that plague older adults in adopting these technologies. They mentioned that education is critical not only for older adults but also for technologists. They proposed to increase the “technology literacy” of older adults to provide meaningful improvements in helping these users. They added to build feedback loops that will help older adults to understand better their data and how these data are used to predict their healthcare needs [12]. Thakur et al. [13] have developed a human behavior-centric framework. The system provides a holistic approach, including studying, tracking, monitoring, and analyzing human behavior while performing various Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). It does this in two steps. In the first step, semantic analysis is done, catering to common behavioral patterns according to the complex activities involving extensive human interactions. Internet of Things (IoT) based environment is used for this purpose. In the second step, an intelligent decision-making algorithm is proposed for detecting the emergencies encountered during human interactions. For this purpose, the concept of 'zone' is proposed. Each 'zone' contains unique complex activities. Both these steps involve using recent technologies like HCI, IoT, Machine learning, and Ubiquitous Computing. The accuracy of 76.71% and 83.87% is observed in the above two steps, respectively.

SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE REVIEW

The survey tries to cover some of the vital medical problems and approaches researchers have adopted to solve them. The whole world is experiencing different pandemics, sudden environmental changes, and lifestyle disorders, which are the potential threats humankind faces. The proposed survey highlights various tools and techniques in multiple computer science domains, such as machine learning, data analytics, pervasive computing, etc., blended with HCI.

CONCLUSION

Humans have created various tools and technologies for their benefit. The evolution of computing systems has witnessed the gradual enhancement from many computers to tiny multifunctional wearable devices. To enhance people's living standards, improvements and innovations with rich and easy-to-use interfaces are a must. As the healthcare domain is crucial concerning the sustainability of humankind, the role of HCI in the healthcare domain is magnificent. A person is said to be healthy if he or she is clinically as well as psychologically healthy.

Catering to this, our work covers the broad spectrum of HCI possibilities in the welfare of humankind, right from the global perspective of the use of digital technologies to simple applications to help patients monitor and manage their illness. With the tremendous growth in artificial intelligence and ubiquitous and parallel computing domains, there is a need to promote multidisciplinary research. We can witness more precise and finely tuned systems for the accurate predictive analysis of diseases and pandemics in the future. User Experience plays a significant role in building automated systems to spread awareness regarding healthcare facilities and help the medical practitioners provide wholehearted support to the patient's right from early diagnosis of the disease until the maintenance of proper digital records and history.

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

Not Applicable.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The author confirms that this chapter contents have no conflict of interest.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We want to thank the reviewers and the Cummins College of Engineering for Women, Pune.

REFERENCES

[1]Anselma L., Mazzei A.. Building a persuasive virtual dietitian.Informatics (MDPI)2020732710.3390/informatics7030027[2]SathyaFranklin S., Sridaran R.. Making human-computer interaction usable: Thinking from healthcare perspective.Int. J. Comput. Appl.20125813440[3]Wesley D.B., et al. A socio-technical systems approach to the use of health IT for patient-reported outcomes: Patient and healthcare provider perspectives.J. Biomed. Inform. X2019410004810004810.1016/j.yjbinx.2019.100048[4]