Industrial Scale Natural Products Extraction E-Book

• Herausgeber: Wiley-VCH
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 449

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2011

Beschreibung

Covering the latest technologies in process engineering, this handbook and ready reference features high pressure processing, alternative solvents and processes, extraction technologies and biotransformations -- describing greener, more efficient and sustainable techniques. The result is an expert account of engineering details from lab-scale experiments to large-scale industrial design. The major focus is on the engineering aspects of extraction with organic and supercritical solvents, ionic liquids or surfactant solutions, and is supplemented by aspects of both up- and downstream processing, biotransformation, as well as a survey of typical products in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. This is rounded off by market developments, economic considerations and regulations requirements in the field Authored by experts from leading industrial and academic institutions, this is essential reading for the hands-on scientist and office manager alike.

Leseprobe

Contents

Cover

Half Title page

Related Titles

Title page

Copyright page

Preface

List of Contributors

Chapter 1: Extraction of Natural Products from Plants – An Introduction

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Cultivation

1.3 Extraction

1.4 Extraction Techniques

1.5 Purification

References

Chapter 2: Solubility of Complex Natural and Pharmaceutical Substances

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Solubility Calculations

2.3 Thermodynamic Modeling

2.4 Examples

2.5 Summary

References

Chapter 3: Alternative Solvents in Plant Extraction

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Ionic Liquids in the Extraction of Natural Compounds from Plant and Fungi

3.3 Surfactants and Aqueous Two-Phase Systems in Plant Extraction

3.4 Summary

References

Chapter 4: High Pressure Processing

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Supercritical Fluids

4.3 Physical Properties – Mass Transfer Characteristics

4.4 Process Units

4.5 Process Design and Operation

4.6 Applications

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 5: Process Engineering and Mini-Plant Technology

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Chromatographic Screening

5.3 Preparative Task

5.4 Liquid–Liquid Extraction

5.5 Mini-Plant Technology for Extraction Process Development

5.6 Cost Estimation

5.7 Total Process Development

5.8 Future Developments

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 6: Extraction Technology

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Extraction Process Basics

6.3 Experimental Procedures

6.4 Theoretical Modeling and Scale-Up

6.5 Industrial Extraction Equipment

References

Chapter 7: Extraction of Lignocellulose and Algae for the Production of Bulk and Fine Chemicals

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Products from Lignocellulose

7.3 Polysaccharides and Sporopollenin from Marine Algae

References

Chapter 8: Natural Products – Market Development and Potentials

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Natural Product Market Overview

8.3 Natural Products in Food and Functional Food

8.4 Natural Products for Pharmaceutical Applications

8.5 Summary

References

Chapter 9: Regulations and Requirements

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Definition of Plant Extracts as Medicines or Foods – A Borderline Issue

9.3 Application of Plant Extracts in Flavorings, Functional Foods, Novel Foods and Food Supplements

9.4 Requirements Concerning Quality and Safety Issues

9.5 Conclusions

References

Index

Edited byHans-Jörg Bartand Stephan Pilz

Industrial Scale Natural Products Extraction

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The Editors

Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Hans-Jörg BartTechnical University of KaiserslauternLehrstuhl für ThermischeVerfahrenstechnikGottlieb-Daimler-Straße 4467663 KaiserslauternGermany

Dr. Stephan PilzEvonik Degussa GmbHRodenbacher Chaussee 463457 Hanau-WolfgangGermany

All books published by Wiley-VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the information contained in these books, including this book, to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.

Library of Congress Card No.: applied for

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche NationalbibliothekThe Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at <http://dnb.d-nb.de>.

© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag & Co. KGaA, Boschstr. 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany

All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.

Print ISBN: 978-3-527-32504-7 ePdf ISBN: 978-3-527-63514-6 ePub ISBN: 978-3-527-63513-9 Mobi ISBN: 978-3-527-63515-3

Preface

In December 2000 Dr. W. Johannisbauer (Cognis GmbH, Düsseldorf) started a discussion at GVT (Forschungs-Gesellschaft Verfahrens-Technik e.V.) in respect of the topic “liquid–solid extraction”. The issue was to focus activities in an area having wide industrial application, that is, extraction of natural substances, of flavorings, fragrances, APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) etc. A series of symposia was held concerning extracts from plant materials, at DECHEMA, Society for Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Frankfurt. A report can be retrieved from the homepage of the ProcessNet Working Party “Extraction” (http://www.processnet.org/extraktion). In 2010 the people organizing these activities founded the ProcessNet Working Party “Phytoextrakte – Produkte und Prozesse” (http://www.processnet.org/FDTT.html), where S. Pilz is one of the chairpersons. However, in recent years more oral presentation on that topic could be heard at the annual ProcessNet meetings. The keynote lecture “Phytoextraktion von Naturstoffen” (Extraction of Natural Products) by H.J. Bart and M. Schmidt (both from TU Kaiserslautern) and F. Bischoff (Boehringer Ingelheim) initiated this book project with Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.

The book is for an experienced reader from academic or industry, who has basic knowledge in conventional liquid–liquid extraction. The first chapter is an introduction to extraction and purification methods and aspects of cultivation. The following chapter gives the state-of-the-art on methods to calculate and predict the solubility of complex natural and pharmaceutical products in solvent and solvent mixtures, in supercritical fluids at elevated pressures, as well as at different pH values. The third chapter is on alternative solvents with a special focus on surfactant solutions to achieve benign extraction conditions. Chapter 4 exclusively deals with high pressure processing with supercritical fluids and is followed by process engineering (extraction, chromatography, etc.) and miniplant technology. The technological aspects (modeling, scale-up, industrial equipment …) are given in more detail in Chapter 6. This is followed by an actual application example with the extraction of lignocelluloses and algae and followed by a chapter on the market development and potentials. The book closes with regulation and requirements, which are of vital importance in respect to foodstuff and which differ from country to country.

The book, written by experts, is intended to serve as a kind of handbook of industrial (not analytical) scale extraction of natural products. The large number of references, regulations and directives should support the reader and supply the state-of-the art in this field.

We would like to thank all the contributors for their well-written articles and Wiley-VCH for their patience in the production process. We hope that this book will serve to stimulate academic and industry and act as basis and new focus to promote extraction of natural products in the future.

Hans-Jörg Bart1 and Stephan Pilz2

March 2011

1TU Kaiserslautern and

2Evonik Degussa GmbH

List of Contributors

Werner BäckerBayer Technology Services GmbHBTS-PT-PT-CEM/Gb31051368 LeverkusenGermany

Hans-Jörg BartTechnische Universität KaiserslauternLehrstuhl für Thermische VerfahrenstechnikGottlieb-Daimler-Straße 4467653 KaiserslauternGermany

Friedrich BischoffBoehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH Co. and KGPharma Chemicals55216 Ingelheim am RheinGermany

Sybille Buchwald-WernerVital Solutions GmbHHausinger Straße 4-840764 LangenfeldGermany

Dirk DelinskiRWTH Aachen UniversityAVT–Thermische VerfahrenstechnikWüllnerstraße 552062 AachenGermany

Rudolf EggersTechnische UniversitätHamburg-HarburgThermische Verfahrenstechnik:Wärme- und StofftransportEißendorfer Straße 38Hamburg 21073Germany

Thomas HahnUniversity of KaiserslauternInstitute for Bioprocess EngineeringGottlieb-Daimler-Straße 4467663 KaiserslauternGermany

Wilhelm JohannisbauerE&V Energie und VerfahrenstechnikErich-Kästner-Straße 2640699 ErkrathGermany

Volkmar JordanMünster University of Applied SciencesDepartment of Chemical EngineeringStegerwaldstraße 3948565 SteinfurtGermany

Horst JostenCognis GmbHHenkelstraße 6740589 DüsseldorfGermany

Svenja KellyUniversity of KaiserslauternInstitute for Bioprocess EngineeringGottlieb-Daimler-Straße 4467663 KaiserslauternGermany

Alwine KraatzUniversity of Applied SciencesDepartment of Nutrition and Home Economics – OecotrophologieCorrensstraße 2548149 MünsterGermany

Kai MufflerUniversity of KaiserslauternInstitute for Bioprocess EngineeringGottlieb-Daimler-Straße 4467663 KaiserslauternGermany

Ulrich MüllerHochschule Ostwestfalen–LippeFachbereich Life Science TechnologiesLiebigstraße 8732657 LemgoGermany

Andreas PfennigRWTH Aachen UniversityAVT–Thermische VerfahrenstechnikWüllnerstraße 552062 AachenGermany

Stephan PilzEvonik Degussa GmbHRodenbacher Chaussee 463457 Hanau-WolfgangGermany

Guido RitterUniversity of Applied SciencesDepartment of Nutrition and Home Economics – OecotrophologieCorrensstraße 2548149 MünsterGermany

Feelly RuetherTechnische Universität DortmundLaboratory of ThermodynamicsEmil-Figge-Straße 7044227 DortmundGermany

Gabriele SadowskiTechnische Universität DortmundLaboratory of ThermodynamicsEmil-Figge-Straße 7044227 DortmundGermany

Michael SchulteMerck KGaAPC-RFrankfurter Straße 25064293 DarmstadtGermany

Jochen StrubeTU ClausthalInstitut für Thermische VerfahrenstechnikLeibnizstraße 15a38678 Clausthal-ZellerfeldGermany

Nils TippkötterUniversity of KaiserslauternInstitute for Bioprocess EngineeringGottlieb-Daimler-Straße 4467663 KaiserslauternGermany

Roland UlberUniversity of KaiserslauternInstitute for Bioprocess EngineeringGottlieb-Daimler-Straße 4467663 KaiserslauternGermany

Chapter 2

Solubility of Complex Natural and Pharmaceutical Substances