Janice VanCleave's Physics for Every Kid E-Book

Janice VanCleave

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Für Kinder und Jugendliche
• Serie: Science for Every Kid Series
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 261

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Beschreibung

Ignite a passion for science in your student or child with these fascinating physics experiments for kids! Janice VanCleave's Physics for Every Kid: Easy Activities That Make Learning Science Fun, 2nd Edition offers new and lively experiments designed to ignite a passion for science in every child. Designed for children of all ages, this book includes high-interest experiments suitable for home learning, science fair participation, and active classrooms. Physics for Every Kid is sure to engage the natural curiousity of children with experiments that stimulate the mind and encourage a foundation in the principles of physics. With common household items, you'll be able to create: * Pendulums * Air cars * Experiments exploring magnets, sound, motion, light, and more. This update to the celebrated Janice VanCleave series includes a fresh new look with full-color illustrations and easy-to-understand explanations for each experiment. Perfect for educators and parents of middle school students, Physics for Every Kid can be used at home just for do-it-yourself science fun and in the classroom to build learning experiences that enlighten and entertain students.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Introduction

The Activities

General Instructions

Measurements

Foreword

I: Energy Introduction

1 Energy Conservation

See for Yourself

What Happened?

2 Frequency

See for Yourself

What Happened?

3 Coupled Pendulums

See for Yourself

What Happened?

4 Sound Waves in Air

See for Yourself

What Happened?

5 Pressure Waves

See for Yourself

What Happened?

6 Pitch

See for Yourself

What Happened?

7 Sound Transmission

See for Yourself

What Happened?

8 The Effect of Mass on Sound

See for Yourself

What Happened?

9 Natural Frequency

See for Yourself

What Happened?

10 Neutral Atom

See for Yourself

What Happened?

11 Electric Current

See for Yourself

What Happened?

12 Conductors vs. Insulators

See for Yourself

What Happened?

13 LED

See for Yourself

What Happened?

14 Electrochemical Energy

See for Yourself

What Happened?

15 Polarizing an Insulator

See for Yourself

What Happened?

16 Polarizing a Conductor

See for Yourself

What Happened?

17 Electroscope

See for Yourself

What Happened?

18 Triboelectric Effect

See for Yourself

What Happened?

19 Adhesion: Charging by Contact

See for Yourself

What Happened?

20 Light Energy

See for Yourself

What Happened?

21 Light Transmission

See for Yourself

What Happened?

22 Light Waves

See for Yourself

What Happened?

23 Interference in Thin Films

See for Yourself

What Happened?

24 Concave Lens

See for Yourself

What Happened?

25 Convex Lens

See for Yourself

What Happened?

26 Plano-Convex Lens

See for Yourself

What Happened?

27 Polarized Light

See for Yourself

What Happened?

28 Filters

See for Yourself

What Happened?

29 Optical Density

See for Yourself

What Happened?

30 Refractive Index

See for Yourself

What Happened?

31 Shadows

See for Yourself

What Happened?

II: Force and Motion Introduction

32 Inertia: Newton's First Law of Motion

See for Yourself

What Happened?

33 Rotational Inertia

See for Yourself

What Happened?

34 Acceleration

See for Yourself

What Happened?

35 Impulse

See for Yourself

What Happened?

36 Gravity

See for Yourself

What Happened?

37 Friction

See for Yourself

What Happened?

38 Air Resistance

See for Yourself

What Happened?

39 Drag Force

See for Yourself

What Happened?

40 Air Pressure

See for Yourself

What Happened?

41 Torque

See for Yourself

What Happened?

42 Resultant Force of Gravity

See for Yourself

What Happened?

43 Center of Gravity

See for Yourself

What Happened?

44 Balance

See for Yourself

What Happened?

45 Shifting the Center of Gravity

See for Yourself

What Happened?

46 Action/Reaction

See for Yourself

What Happened?

47 Normal Force

See for Yourself

What Happened?

48 Balloon Rocket

See for Yourself

What Happened?

49 Bounce

See for Yourself

What Happened?

50 Coandă Effect

See for Yourself

What Happened?

51 Bernoulli's Principle

See for Yourself

What Happened?

52 Pressure Differences

See for Yourself

What Happened?

53 Balanced Forces

See for Yourself

What Happened?

54 Unbalanced Forces

See for Yourself

What Happened?

55 Lift Forces

See for Yourself

What Happened?

III: Simple Machines Introduction

56 First-Class Lever

See for Yourself

What Happened?

57 Equal-Arm Balance

See for Yourself

What Happened?

58 Second-Class Lever

See for Yourself

What Happened?

59 Third-Class Lever

See for Yourself

What Happened?

60 Just for Fun: Third-Class Lever

See for Yourself

What Happened?

61 Inclined Plane

See for Yourself

What Happened?

62 Screw

See for Yourself

What Happened?

63 Wedge

See for Yourself

What Happened?

64 Moveable Pulley

See for Yourself

What Happened?

65 Fixed Pulley

See for Yourself

What Happened?

66 Wheel and Axle

See for Yourself

What Happened?

IV: Magnets Introduction

67 Ferromagnetism

See for Yourself

What Happened?

68 Magnetic Field

See for Yourself

What Happened?

69 3-D Magnetic Field

See for Yourself

What Happened?

70 Mapping Magnetic Fields

See for Yourself

What Happened?

71 Temporary vs. Permanent Magnets

See for Yourself

What Happened?

72 Magnetic Permeability

See for Yourself

What Happened?

73 Compass Rose

See for Yourself

What Happened?

74 Floating Compass

See for Yourself

What Happened?

75 Magnetic Declination

See for Yourself

What Happened?

76 Electromagnet

See for Yourself

What Happened?

77 Right-Hand Rule

See for Yourself

What Happened?

78 Demagnetization

See for Yourself

What Happened?

79 Dipping Needle

See for Yourself

What Happened?

80 Magnetic Energy

See for Yourself

What Happened?

Glossary

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

FIG 1

FIG 2

Chapter 2

FIG 1

Chapter 3

FIG 1

Chapter 4

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FIG 3

Chapter 5

FIG 1

Chapter 6

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Chapter 7

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FIG 3

Chapter 8

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Chapter 9

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Chapter 10

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FIG 3

Chapter 11

FIG 1

Chapter 12

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Chapter 13

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Chapter 14

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FIG 3

Chapter 15

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Chapter 16

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Chapter 17

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Chapter 18

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Chapter 19

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Chapter 20

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Chapter 21

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Chapter 22

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Chapter 23

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Chapter 24

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Chapter 25

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Chapter 26

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Chapter 27

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Chapter 28

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Chapter 29

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Chapter 30

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Chapter 31

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Chapter 32

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Chapter 33

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Chapter 34

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Chapter 35

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Chapter 36

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Chapter 37

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Chapter 38

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Chapter 39

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Chapter 40

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Chapter 41

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Chapter 42

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Chapter 43

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Chapter 44

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Chapter 45

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Chapter 46

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Chapter 47

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Chapter 48

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Chapter 49

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Chapter 50

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Chapter 51

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Chapter 52

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Chapter 53

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Chapter 54

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Chapter 55

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Chapter 56

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Chapter 57

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Chapter 58

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Chapter 59

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Chapter 60

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Chapter 61

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Chapter 62

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Chapter 63

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Chapter 64

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Chapter 65

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Chapter 66

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Chapter 67

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Chapter 68

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Chapter 69

FIG 1

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Chapter 70

FIG 1

Chapter 71

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Chapter 72

FIG 1

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Chapter 73

FIG 1

Chapter 74

FIG 1

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Chapter 75

FIG 1

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Chapter 76

FIG 1

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Chapter 77

FIG 1

FIG 2

FIG 3

Chapter 78

FIG 1

Chapter 79

FIG 1

FIG 2

Chapter 80

FIG 1

FIG 2

FIG 3

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

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Janice VanCleave's Physics for Every Kid

Easy Activities That Make Learning Science Fun

Janice VanCleave

Second Edition

Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.

Illustrations by Tina Cash Walsh.

Jossey-Bass

A Wiley Imprint 111 River St, Hoboken, NJ 07030 www.josseybass.com

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, phone [phone], fax [phone], or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, phone + 1 201 748 6011, fax [phone], or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: Although the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is Available:

ISBN 9781119654285 (paperback)ISBN 9781119654315 (ePDF)ISBN 9781119654292 (ePub)

Cover illustrations by Tina Cash WalshCover design by Paul McCarthy

SECOND EDITION

Introduction

Throughout the writing of this book, I have daydreamed about the fun I have teaching hands-on physics. I've pictured children and educators enjoying these science activities, while reading instructions that are clear and easy to follow and simple explanations about what happened and why. Science safety was a primary concern when designing the activities in this book. It is my fervent hope that this physics book will ignite a profound curiosity for scientific discovery in readers of all ages. The bottom line is that I want to share my passion for physics and how exciting and relevant science is to our everyday lives.

One doesn't need a degree in science to benefit from learning more about why magnets stick to the fridge door and not to a wooden door. Wonder how a parachute works? Why does a magnifying glass make things look bigger? I imagine children of all ages stopping and questioning the physical world around us. Scientific investigations help develop patterns and higher-level thinking to solve real, everyday problems.

The order of presentation is designed to provide a physics foundation upon which to build new principles of science. The activities in each specific topic spiral in content. Throughout the activities, certain words and phrases are in bold; the meanings of these are given in the Glossary at the end of the book. Working through the activities in order is suggested. However, any activity has educational value on its own merit. With the help of the Glossary, as well as introductions for various topics, you can pick and choose any investigation and be rewarded with a successful experiment. Of course, a good outcome depends upon following the procedure steps in order. Substituting equipment can affect the results for some activities, but science is meant to be fun so trust your judgment about changes.

This book was designed to give the reader a taste of physics:

Energy

Learn about stored energy, energy of moving objects and the transfer between them, and the study of different forms of energy including mechanical, electrical, sound, and light. Energy is simply the ability to do work, which means to change or deform or move an object, and to create heat.

Force and Motion

Learn about the effect of forces acting on an object, and study about the force of gravity and how it affects falling objects. A study of Sir Isaac Newton's Three Laws of Motion and how they apply to our everyday lives is covered.

Simple Machines

Learn about simple machines which are mechanical devices that change the direction and/or magnitude (size) of a force. Levers, inclined planes, wedges, wheels and axles, pulleys, and screws are studied.

Magnets

Learn about magnets and their effect, including an invisible field around magnets responsible for the most remarkable property of a magnet, which is a force that pulls on other magnetic materials, such as iron, and attracts or repels other magnets.

The Activities

This book is written to guide you through the steps necessary in successfully completing a science experiment and to present methods of solving problems and making discoveries.

Introduction:

Background information provides knowledge about the topic of the investigation and generally describes cause and effect relationships that you can investigate.

See for Yourself:

A list of common but necessary materials and step-by-step instructions on how to perform the experiment is provided.

What Happened?

A statement of the predicted outcome is provided with a discussion of what should have happened during the activity. A scientific explanation of what was observed is provided using understandable language and technical, scientific vocabulary so that readers of any age can master the scientific principles involved and discuss their findings.

General Instructions

Read first.

Read each experiment completely before starting.

Collect needed supplies.

You will experience less frustration and more fun if all the necessary materials for the experiments are ready and set up for easy access.

Experiment.

Follow each step very carefully, never skip steps, and do not add your own. Safety is of the utmost importance. By reading the experiment before starting, you will be able to note any safety warnings. Then, follow instructions exactly so you can feel confident that your outcome will have the desired results.

Observe.

If your results are not the same as described in the experiment, carefully reread the instructions, and start over from the beginning. Check to make sure your materials are as described and in good working order. Use the illustrations to see if the activity is set up properly. Consider factors, such as the ambient temperature, humidity, lighting, and so on, that might affect the results.

Measurements

Measuring quantities described in this book are given in imperial units followed by approximate metric equivalents in parentheses. Unless specifically noted, the quantities listed are not critical, and a variation of a very small amount more or less will not alter the results.

Foreword

Imagine a toddler gleefully dropping a bottle off the highchair tray. Their parent returns the bottle to its rightful place only to see it dropped again. And each time the bottle falls to the floor. This toddler and Sir Isaac Newton have something in common. They both find physics delightful! Janice VanCleave knows that this toddler is learning about the laws of physics! This book is written for every kid who wants to keep dropping things, rolling things, and, most of all, wants to keep learning about the physical world.

And who hasn't wondered about how something as large as an airplane can stay up in the sky? Janice VanCleave never wants that sense of wonder to end. Written for people of all ages with a curiosity about the world around us, this book will be a treasure for the homeschooling parent or classroom teacher that wants to add easy-to-do science that promises to have kids asking, “Is it time for science yet?”

Each activity starts out with a clear explanation of a scientific phenomenon. We have all played with magnets. But did you know that you can map an invisible magnetic force field with a compass? Soon, you find yourself eagerly gathering a few common household materials because the activity is so enticing you can't wait to try it! Each science activity, often deceptively simple, is followed by an explanation that uses everyday language to explain complex principles. It is simply astounding to experiment with something that you have seen a million times, but for the first time you really understand the science. Wow.

Janice VanCleave is a teacher at heart. Her true passion is explaining science in a way that anyone can understand it. This book is a treasure. It unlocks the mystery of physical laws that we see every moment of every day.

I can't help but think that one day the baby who dropped the bottle off the highchair tray will open this book. Then, a true adventure of science discovery and learning will take place. Once again, exploring physics will be delightful! Perhaps that kid will grow up to be the first person to walk on Mars. Anything is possible.

Mary Bowen

1Energy Conservation

The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy is neither created nor destroyed. Instead, energy can be converted, or changed, into another form of energy. In this activity, the mechanical energy of a pendulum will be investigated. Mechanical energy is the summation of an object's potential energy (stored energy) and kinetic energy (energy of moving objects). A pendulum is a weight, called a bob, hung from a fixed point so that it can freely move backward and forward. Each swing of the bob, from one side to the other forms an arc, as shown in Figure 1. Work is done on the pendulum when it is raised to position A. This means that energy is being transferred to the pendulum. When raised, the pendulum gains gravitational potential energy, which is stored energy due to an object's height. When released, gravity pulls the pendulum down and its gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.

Gravity