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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Für Kinder und Jugendliche
- Serie: Science for Every Kid Series
- Sprache: Englisch
- Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021
Ignite a passion for science in your student or child with these fascinating physics experiments for kids! Janice VanCleave's Physics for Every Kid: Easy Activities That Make Learning Science Fun, 2nd Edition offers new and lively experiments designed to ignite a passion for science in every child. Designed for children of all ages, this book includes high-interest experiments suitable for home learning, science fair participation, and active classrooms. Physics for Every Kid is sure to engage the natural curiousity of children with experiments that stimulate the mind and encourage a foundation in the principles of physics. With common household items, you'll be able to create: * Pendulums * Air cars * Experiments exploring magnets, sound, motion, light, and more. This update to the celebrated Janice VanCleave series includes a fresh new look with full-color illustrations and easy-to-understand explanations for each experiment. Perfect for educators and parents of middle school students, Physics for Every Kid can be used at home just for do-it-yourself science fun and in the classroom to build learning experiences that enlighten and entertain students.
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Table of Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Introduction
The Activities
General Instructions
Measurements
Foreword
I: Energy Introduction
1 Energy Conservation
See for Yourself
What Happened?
2 Frequency
See for Yourself
What Happened?
3 Coupled Pendulums
See for Yourself
What Happened?
4 Sound Waves in Air
See for Yourself
What Happened?
5 Pressure Waves
See for Yourself
What Happened?
6 Pitch
See for Yourself
What Happened?
7 Sound Transmission
See for Yourself
What Happened?
8 The Effect of Mass on Sound
See for Yourself
What Happened?
9 Natural Frequency
See for Yourself
What Happened?
10 Neutral Atom
See for Yourself
What Happened?
11 Electric Current
See for Yourself
What Happened?
12 Conductors vs. Insulators
See for Yourself
What Happened?
13 LED
See for Yourself
What Happened?
14 Electrochemical Energy
See for Yourself
What Happened?
15 Polarizing an Insulator
See for Yourself
What Happened?
16 Polarizing a Conductor
See for Yourself
What Happened?
17 Electroscope
See for Yourself
What Happened?
18 Triboelectric Effect
See for Yourself
What Happened?
19 Adhesion: Charging by Contact
See for Yourself
What Happened?
20 Light Energy
See for Yourself
What Happened?
21 Light Transmission
See for Yourself
What Happened?
22 Light Waves
See for Yourself
What Happened?
23 Interference in Thin Films
See for Yourself
What Happened?
24 Concave Lens
See for Yourself
What Happened?
25 Convex Lens
See for Yourself
What Happened?
26 Plano-Convex Lens
See for Yourself
What Happened?
27 Polarized Light
See for Yourself
What Happened?
28 Filters
See for Yourself
What Happened?
29 Optical Density
See for Yourself
What Happened?
30 Refractive Index
See for Yourself
What Happened?
31 Shadows
See for Yourself
What Happened?
II: Force and Motion Introduction
32 Inertia: Newton's First Law of Motion
See for Yourself
What Happened?
33 Rotational Inertia
See for Yourself
What Happened?
34 Acceleration
See for Yourself
What Happened?
35 Impulse
See for Yourself
What Happened?
36 Gravity
See for Yourself
What Happened?
37 Friction
See for Yourself
What Happened?
38 Air Resistance
See for Yourself
What Happened?
39 Drag Force
See for Yourself
What Happened?
40 Air Pressure
See for Yourself
What Happened?
41 Torque
See for Yourself
What Happened?
42 Resultant Force of Gravity
See for Yourself
What Happened?
43 Center of Gravity
See for Yourself
What Happened?
44 Balance
See for Yourself
What Happened?
45 Shifting the Center of Gravity
See for Yourself
What Happened?
46 Action/Reaction
See for Yourself
What Happened?
47 Normal Force
See for Yourself
What Happened?
48 Balloon Rocket
See for Yourself
What Happened?
49 Bounce
See for Yourself
What Happened?
50 Coandă Effect
See for Yourself
What Happened?
51 Bernoulli's Principle
See for Yourself
What Happened?
52 Pressure Differences
See for Yourself
What Happened?
53 Balanced Forces
See for Yourself
What Happened?
54 Unbalanced Forces
See for Yourself
What Happened?
55 Lift Forces
See for Yourself
What Happened?
III: Simple Machines Introduction
56 First-Class Lever
See for Yourself
What Happened?
57 Equal-Arm Balance
See for Yourself
What Happened?
58 Second-Class Lever
See for Yourself
What Happened?
59 Third-Class Lever
See for Yourself
What Happened?
60 Just for Fun: Third-Class Lever
See for Yourself
What Happened?
61 Inclined Plane
See for Yourself
What Happened?
62 Screw
See for Yourself
What Happened?
63 Wedge
See for Yourself
What Happened?
64 Moveable Pulley
See for Yourself
What Happened?
65 Fixed Pulley
See for Yourself
What Happened?
66 Wheel and Axle
See for Yourself
What Happened?
IV: Magnets Introduction
67 Ferromagnetism
See for Yourself
What Happened?
68 Magnetic Field
See for Yourself
What Happened?
69 3-D Magnetic Field
See for Yourself
What Happened?
70 Mapping Magnetic Fields
See for Yourself
What Happened?
71 Temporary vs. Permanent Magnets
See for Yourself
What Happened?
72 Magnetic Permeability
See for Yourself
What Happened?
73 Compass Rose
See for Yourself
What Happened?
74 Floating Compass
See for Yourself
What Happened?
75 Magnetic Declination
See for Yourself
What Happened?
76 Electromagnet
See for Yourself
What Happened?
77 Right-Hand Rule
See for Yourself
What Happened?
78 Demagnetization
See for Yourself
What Happened?
79 Dipping Needle
See for Yourself
What Happened?
80 Magnetic Energy
See for Yourself
What Happened?
Glossary
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 2
FIG 1
Chapter 3
FIG 1
Chapter 4
FIG 1
FIG 2
FIG 3
Chapter 5
FIG 1
Chapter 6
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 7
FIG 1
FIG 2
FIG 3
Chapter 8
FIG 1
Chapter 9
FIG 1
Chapter 10
FIG 1
FIG 2
FIG 3
Chapter 11
FIG 1
Chapter 12
FIG 1
Chapter 13
FIG 1
Chapter 14
FIG 1
FIG 2
FIG 3
Chapter 15
FIG 1
FIG 2
FIG 3
Chapter 16
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 17
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 18
FIG 1
Chapter 19
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 20
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 21
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 22
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 23
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 24
FIG 1
Chapter 25
FIG 1
Chapter 26
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 27
FIG 1
FIG 2
FIG 3
Chapter 28
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 29
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 30
FIG 1
FIG 2
FIG 3
Chapter 31
FIG 1
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Chapter 32
FIG 1
Chapter 33
FIG 1
Chapter 34
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Chapter 35
FIG 1
Chapter 36
FIG 1
Chapter 37
FIG 1
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Chapter 38
FIG 1
Chapter 39
FIG 1
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Chapter 40
FIG 1
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Chapter 41
FIG 1
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Chapter 42
FIG 1
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Chapter 43
FIG 1
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Chapter 44
FIG 1
Chapter 45
FIG 1
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Chapter 46
FIG 1
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Chapter 47
FIG 1
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Chapter 48
FIG 1
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Chapter 49
FIG 1
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Chapter 50
FIG 1
Chapter 51
FIG 1
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Chapter 52
FIG 1
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Chapter 53
FIG 1
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FIG 3
Chapter 54
FIG 1
Chapter 55
FIG 1
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Chapter 56
FIG 1
FIG 2
FIG 3
Chapter 57
FIG 1
Chapter 58
FIG 1
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Chapter 59
FIG 1
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Chapter 60
FIG 1
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Chapter 61
FIG 1
Chapter 62
FIG 1
FIG 2
FIG 3
Chapter 63
FIG 1
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Chapter 64
FIG 1
Chapter 65
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 66
FIG 1
Chapter 67
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 68
FIG 1
FIG 2
FIG 3
Chapter 69
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 70
FIG 1
Chapter 71
FIG 1
FIG 2
FIG 3
Chapter 72
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 73
FIG 1
Chapter 74
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 75
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 76
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 77
FIG 1
FIG 2
FIG 3
Chapter 78
FIG 1
Chapter 79
FIG 1
FIG 2
Chapter 80
FIG 1
FIG 2
FIG 3
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Begin Reading
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Janice VanCleave's Physics for Every Kid
Easy Activities That Make Learning Science Fun
Janice VanCleave
Second Edition
Copyright © 2021 John Wiley & Sons. All rights reserved.
Illustrations by Tina Cash Walsh.
Jossey-Bass
A Wiley Imprint 111 River St, Hoboken, NJ 07030 www.josseybass.com
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, phone +1 978 750 8400, fax +1 978 750 4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, phone + 1 201 748 6011, fax +1 201 748 6008, or online at www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: Although the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
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Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is Available:
ISBN 9781119654285 (paperback)ISBN 9781119654315 (ePDF)ISBN 9781119654292 (ePub)
Cover illustrations by Tina Cash WalshCover design by Paul McCarthy
SECOND EDITION
Introduction
Throughout the writing of this book, I have daydreamed about the fun I have teaching hands-on physics. I've pictured children and educators enjoying these science activities, while reading instructions that are clear and easy to follow and simple explanations about what happened and why. Science safety was a primary concern when designing the activities in this book. It is my fervent hope that this physics book will ignite a profound curiosity for scientific discovery in readers of all ages. The bottom line is that I want to share my passion for physics and how exciting and relevant science is to our everyday lives.
One doesn't need a degree in science to benefit from learning more about why magnets stick to the fridge door and not to a wooden door. Wonder how a parachute works? Why does a magnifying glass make things look bigger? I imagine children of all ages stopping and questioning the physical world around us. Scientific investigations help develop patterns and higher-level thinking to solve real, everyday problems.
The order of presentation is designed to provide a physics foundation upon which to build new principles of science. The activities in each specific topic spiral in content. Throughout the activities, certain words and phrases are in bold; the meanings of these are given in the Glossary at the end of the book. Working through the activities in order is suggested. However, any activity has educational value on its own merit. With the help of the Glossary, as well as introductions for various topics, you can pick and choose any investigation and be rewarded with a successful experiment. Of course, a good outcome depends upon following the procedure steps in order. Substituting equipment can affect the results for some activities, but science is meant to be fun so trust your judgment about changes.
This book was designed to give the reader a taste of physics:
Energy
Learn about stored energy, energy of moving objects and the transfer between them, and the study of different forms of energy including mechanical, electrical, sound, and light. Energy is simply the ability to do work, which means to change or deform or move an object, and to create heat.
Force and Motion
Learn about the effect of forces acting on an object, and study about the force of gravity and how it affects falling objects. A study of Sir Isaac Newton's Three Laws of Motion and how they apply to our everyday lives is covered.
Simple Machines
Learn about simple machines which are mechanical devices that change the direction and/or magnitude (size) of a force. Levers, inclined planes, wedges, wheels and axles, pulleys, and screws are studied.
Magnets
Learn about magnets and their effect, including an invisible field around magnets responsible for the most remarkable property of a magnet, which is a force that pulls on other magnetic materials, such as iron, and attracts or repels other magnets.
The Activities
This book is written to guide you through the steps necessary in successfully completing a science experiment and to present methods of solving problems and making discoveries.
Introduction:
Background information provides knowledge about the topic of the investigation and generally describes cause and effect relationships that you can investigate.
See for Yourself:
A list of common but necessary materials and step-by-step instructions on how to perform the experiment is provided.
What Happened?
A statement of the predicted outcome is provided with a discussion of what should have happened during the activity. A scientific explanation of what was observed is provided using understandable language and technical, scientific vocabulary so that readers of any age can master the scientific principles involved and discuss their findings.
General Instructions
Read first.
Read each experiment completely before starting.
Collect needed supplies.
You will experience less frustration and more fun if all the necessary materials for the experiments are ready and set up for easy access.
Experiment.
Follow each step very carefully, never skip steps, and do not add your own. Safety is of the utmost importance. By reading the experiment before starting, you will be able to note any safety warnings. Then, follow instructions exactly so you can feel confident that your outcome will have the desired results.
Observe.
If your results are not the same as described in the experiment, carefully reread the instructions, and start over from the beginning. Check to make sure your materials are as described and in good working order. Use the illustrations to see if the activity is set up properly. Consider factors, such as the ambient temperature, humidity, lighting, and so on, that might affect the results.
Measurements
Measuring quantities described in this book are given in imperial units followed by approximate metric equivalents in parentheses. Unless specifically noted, the quantities listed are not critical, and a variation of a very small amount more or less will not alter the results.
Foreword
Imagine a toddler gleefully dropping a bottle off the highchair tray. Their parent returns the bottle to its rightful place only to see it dropped again. And each time the bottle falls to the floor. This toddler and Sir Isaac Newton have something in common. They both find physics delightful! Janice VanCleave knows that this toddler is learning about the laws of physics! This book is written for every kid who wants to keep dropping things, rolling things, and, most of all, wants to keep learning about the physical world.
And who hasn't wondered about how something as large as an airplane can stay up in the sky? Janice VanCleave never wants that sense of wonder to end. Written for people of all ages with a curiosity about the world around us, this book will be a treasure for the homeschooling parent or classroom teacher that wants to add easy-to-do science that promises to have kids asking, “Is it time for science yet?”
Each activity starts out with a clear explanation of a scientific phenomenon. We have all played with magnets. But did you know that you can map an invisible magnetic force field with a compass? Soon, you find yourself eagerly gathering a few common household materials because the activity is so enticing you can't wait to try it! Each science activity, often deceptively simple, is followed by an explanation that uses everyday language to explain complex principles. It is simply astounding to experiment with something that you have seen a million times, but for the first time you really understand the science. Wow.
Janice VanCleave is a teacher at heart. Her true passion is explaining science in a way that anyone can understand it. This book is a treasure. It unlocks the mystery of physical laws that we see every moment of every day.
I can't help but think that one day the baby who dropped the bottle off the highchair tray will open this book. Then, a true adventure of science discovery and learning will take place. Once again, exploring physics will be delightful! Perhaps that kid will grow up to be the first person to walk on Mars. Anything is possible.
Mary Bowen
1Energy Conservation
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy is neither created nor destroyed. Instead, energy can be converted, or changed, into another form of energy. In this activity, the mechanical energy of a pendulum will be investigated. Mechanical energy is the summation of an object's potential energy (stored energy) and kinetic energy (energy of moving objects). A pendulum is a weight, called a bob, hung from a fixed point so that it can freely move backward and forward. Each swing of the bob, from one side to the other forms an arc, as shown in Figure 1. Work is done on the pendulum when it is raised to position A. This means that energy is being transferred to the pendulum. When raised, the pendulum gains gravitational potential energy, which is stored energy due to an object's height. When released, gravity pulls the pendulum down and its gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
Gravity
