Large Animal Medicine for Veterinary Technicians E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1268

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Beschreibung

Large Animal Medicine for Veterinary Technicians provides comprehensive guidance on caring for horses, cattle, camelids, small ruminants, pigs, and other farm animals. Reflecting the topics required by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AMVA), this practical resource covers hospital biosecurity, restraint, physical examinations, clinical and diagnostic procedures, reproduction, nutrition, disease, and more. Detailed chapters written by expert contributors contain numerous full-color images, clinical applications, self-review questions, and accurate, species-specific information.   

The second edition features revised and new content throughout, including brand-new chapters on common surgical procedures and general anesthesia, dentistry, and popular hobby farm animals such as fowl, poultry, and pet pigs. Updated and expanded sections on neonatology, diagnostics, and imaging are supported by a wealth of new images and examples. Covering the skills and knowledge necessary for success in both Veterinary Technician Specialty (VTS) programs and in clinical practice, this must-have guide:  

• Offers new coverage of imaging and diagnostic technologies such as dynamic endoscoping and the use of treadmills 
• Contains more than 500 high-quality color images, multiple-choice questions with answers, and a glossary of terms 
• Features a range of pedagogical tools including learning objectives, clinical case problems, charts and diagrams, and “Technician Tip” boxes 
• Includes a significantly expanded companion website with self-review questions, case studies, PowerPoint slides, and an image bank to aid in breed identification 

Authored and edited by experienced trainers and certified veterinary technicians, Large Animal Medicine for Veterinary Technicians, Second Edition is an invaluable reference for all students, educators, and working professionals in the field. 

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contributors

Preface

Abbreviations

About the Companion Website

Chapter 1: Hospital Biosecurity

Introduction

Cycle of Infection

Transmission

Patient Placement in the Hospital

Proper Gowning Techniques

Hand Hygiene

Disinfection and Sterilization

Hospital Management

Infection Control Programs

Surveillance

Multidrug‐Resistant Organisms, Methicillin‐Resistant

Staphylococcus

sp., and Zoonotic Diseases

Zoonotic Diseases

Summary

References

Activities

Chapter 2: Restraint

Introduction

Basic Behavior of Large Animals

Equine Restraint

Bovine Restraint

Small Ruminant Restraint

Camelid Restraint

Swine Restraint

References

Activities

Chapter 3: History

Introduction

Equine

Ruminants

Camelids

Porcine

Multiple Species Management

References

Activities

Chapter 4: Physical Exam

Introduction

Equine Physical Exam

The Equine Pain Score

Food Animal Physical Exam

Summary

References

Activities

Chapter 5: Nutrition

Introduction

Equine Nutrition

Hand‐Fed/Stall‐Fed Animals

Assessment of Nutritional Status

Cattle Nutrition

Camelid Nutrition

Swine Nutrition

Summary

References

Activities

Chapter 6: Clinical Procedures

Introduction

Venous Catheterization

Arterial Catheterization

Urinary Catheterization

Tracheostomy

Blood Products and Administration

Medication Administration

Respiratory Treatments

Fluid Administration

Intraosseous Administration

Nasogastric and Orogastric Intubation

Transfaunation

Ongoing Monitoring

Nursing Care for the Recumbent Patient

Dentistry

References

Activities

Chapter 7: Diagnostic Procedures

Introduction

Abdominocentesis

Arthrocentesis

Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)

Blood Sampling

Biopsies

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Coagulation Studies

Dermatology

Electrocardiogram

Endoscopy

Milk Cultures

Thoracocentesis

Transtracheal Wash

References

Activities

Chapter 8: Medical Imaging

Introduction

Safety and Quality

Radiography

Nuclear Scintigraphy

Ultrasonography

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Computed Tomography

C‐arm

References

Activities

Chapter 9: Reproduction

Introduction

Anatomy and Physiology of Reproduction

Clinical Examination of the Male and Female for Breeding Soundness

Reproductive Disorders

Reproductive Management

Artificial Insemination

Embryo Transfer

In Vitro

Fertilization

Placentitis

Equine Dystocias

Retained Placenta

Brooding

Hatchling Management

References

Activities

Chapter 10: Anesthesia and Surgery

Introduction

Large Animal Surgery Considerations

Large Animal Sedation and Anesthesia

Local Blocks

Extremities

Equine Surgery

Ruminant Surgery Considerations

Bovine Surgery

Small Ruminant Surgeries

Camelid Surgeries

Pig Surgeries

References

Activities

Chapter 11: Neonatology

Introduction

Perinatal Period

Neonatal Infections

Premature Neonates

Nursing Care

References

Activities

Chapter 12: Diseases

Introduction

Actinobacillus Pleuropneumonia

(APP)

Actinobacilosis – See Wooden Tongue

 Actinomycosis – See Lumpy Jaw

 Acute Hypocalcemia – See Milk Fever

 Anaplasmosis

Anemia

Anterior Uveitis

Anthrax

Aspergillosis (a.k.a. Brooders Pneumonia, Mycotic Pneumonia, Pneumomycosis)

Atrophic Rhinitis

Azoturia – See Rhabdomyolysis

 Bacillary Hemoglobinuria (a.k.a. Red Water Disease, Clostridial Hepatitis)

Blackleg – See Clostridial Myonecrosis

 Bloat (Ruminal Tympany)

Blue Tongue (a.k.a. BTV, Catarrhal Fever)

Botulism

Bovine Coronavirus (BCV)

Bovine Herpes Virus 1 Infection (Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis [IBR])

Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV); Adult Lymphosarcoma

Bovine Papular Stomatitis (BPS)

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy – See Mad Cow Disease

 Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD)

Persistent Infection (PI)

Acute BVD Infection

Hemorrhagic Syndrome

Reproductive Implications

Congenital Disease

Mucosal Disease

Brucellosis

Calf Scours

Campylobacteriosis

Cancer Eye – Squamous Cell Carcinoma

 Candidiasis (Thrush)

Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL)

Cataracts

Cervical Vertebral Stenotic Myelopathy (CVSM, a.k.a. Wobbler's Syndrome)

Choke

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (a.k.a. Heaves, COPD, RAO)

Clostridial Myonecrosis (a.k.a. Clostridrial Myositis, Blackleg, Malignant Edema, Gas Gangrene)

Clostridium perfringens

Diarrhea (a.k.a. Pulpy Kidney Disease)

Colitis

Contagious Ecthyma (a.k.a. Orf, SoreMouth)

Contagious Equine Metritis (CEM)

Copper Toxicity

 Corneal Stromal Abscess

Corneal Ulceration

Cutaneous Papillomas – See Warts

 Dermatophilosis (a.k.a. Rain Scald, Rain Rot, Cutaneous Streptothricosis, Lumpy Wool)

Dermatophytosis – See Ringworm

Digital Dermatitis (Hairy Heel Wart, Papillomatous Digital Dermatitis, Mortellaro's Disease)

Enterotoxemia

Entropion

Eperythrozoonosis

Equine Degenerative Myeloencephalopathy (EDM)

Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome

Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM)

Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)

Equine Leukoencephalomalacia – See Moldy Corn Disease

 Equine Motor Neuron Disease (EMND)

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)

Equine Recurrent Uveitis

Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA)

Equine Viral Encephalitis (EEE, WEE, VEE)

Erysipelas

Escherichia coli

Exertional Rhabdomyolysis (ER; a.k.a. Monday Morning Disease, Azoturia, Equine Rhabdomyolysis Syndrome, Tying‐up, Chronic ER)

Fescue Toxicity

Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease (FMD)

Foot Rot (Infectious Pododermatitis)

Fowl Cholera

Fowl Pox

Fungal Keratitis

Gastric Ulceration – See Equine Gastric Ulceration Syndrome

 Glässer Disease (

Haemophilus parasuis

)

Glaucoma

Grass Tetany

Guttural Pouch Empyema

Guttural Pouch Mycosis

Head Trauma

Heaves – See Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

 Hepatic Encephalopathy

Hog Cholera (Classical Swine Fever)

Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP)

Hypocalcemia – See Milk Fever

 Immune‐Mediated Myositis (a.k.a. IMM)

Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK, “Pink eye”)

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis – See Bovine Herpesvirus

Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV)

Infectious Pododermatitis – See Foot Rot

 Influenza

Iodine Deficiency

Johne's Disease (Paratuberculosis)

Ketosis

Laminitis

Leptospirosis

Equine Leukoencephalomalacia – See Moldy Corn Disease

Listeriosis

Lumpy Jaw (Actinomycosis)

Mad Cow Disease (a.k.a. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy)

Malignant Hyperthermia (Porcine Stress Syndrome)

Marek's Disease

Mastitis

Melanoma

Milk Fever (Hypocalcemia)

Moldy Corn Disease (a.k.a. Equine Leukoencephalomalacia)

Navicular Disease

Ovine Progressive Pneumonia (OPP), Maedi‐Visna

Paratuberculosis – See Johne's Disease

 Pasteurella Pneumonia

Pemphigus Foliaceus

Phenylbutazone Toxicity

Pleuropneumonia (a.k.a. Shipping Fever)

Polioencephalomalacia

Polyneuritis Equi (Cauda Equina Neuritis)

Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (a.k.a. PSSM, EPSM, EPSSM)

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

Potomac Horse Fever (a.k.a. Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis, Equine Ehrlichial Colitis, Ditch Fever, PHF)

Precocious Udder (Inappropriate Lactation)

Pseudorabies (PRV, Aujeszky’s Disease)

Pulpy Kidney Disease (Type D Enterotoxemia, Overeating Disease)

Purpura Hemorhagica– See Strangles

Q Fever

Rabies

Recurrent Airway Obstruction– See Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Ringworm (Dermatophytosis) aka. Favus

Ruminal Tympany– See Bloat

Salmonellosis

Scrapie

Septic Arthritis

Sheep and Goat Pox

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (a.k.a. Cancer Eye)

Strangles (Purpura Hemorrhagica)

Streptococcal Infections

Swine Fever– See Hog Cholera

Swine Influenza

Tetanus

Ulcerative Dermatosis

Urolithiasis

Vesicular Stomatitis

Warts (Cutaneous Papillomas)

West Nile Virus Infection (WNV)

White Muscle Disease

Wooden Tongue (Actinobacilosis)

References

Activities

Multiple Choice Questions Answer Bank

Chapter 1 Hospital Biosecurity

Chapter 2 Restraint

Chapter 3 History

Chapter 4 Physical Exams

Chapter 5 Nutrition

Chapter 6 Clinical Procedures

Chapter 7 Diagnostic Procedures

Chapter 8 Medical Imaging

Chapter 9 Reproduction

Chapter 10 Anesthesia and Surgery

Chapter 11 Neonatology

Chapter 12 Diseases

“Test Your Learning” Answer Bank

Chapter 1 Hospital Biosecurity

Chapter 2 Restraint

Chapter 3 History

Chapter 4 Physical Exam

Chapter 5 Nutrition

Chapter 6 Clinical Procedures

Chapter 7 Diagnostic Procedures

Chapter 8 Medical Imaging

Chapter 9 Reproduction

Chapter 10 Anesthesia and Surgery

Chapter 11 Neonatology

Chapter 12 Diseases

Glossary

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1 Characteristics of selected disinfectants.

Chapter 2

Table 2.1 Setting up a Sheep.

Table 2.2 Camelid body language.

Chapter 3

Table 3.1 Medical species terminology versus common name species.

Table 3.2 Parturition terms for large animal species.

Table 3.3 Equine age terms.

Table 3.4 Ruminant age terms.

Table 3.5 Camelid age terms.

Table 3.6 Porcine age terms.

Table 3.7 Poultry terms.

Chapter 4

Table 4.1 An animal's signalment contains information about the animal, such...

Table 4.2 Normal TPR parameters.

Table 4.3 Body condition score.

Table 4.4 Gait deficits observed on neurologic examination.

Table 4.5 Clinical grading system for neurologic examinations.

Table 4.6 Normal temperature for food animal species.

Table 4.7 Normal pulse rates for food animal species.

Table 4.8 Anatomical sites for obtaining pulse rates.

Table 4.9 Normal respiratory rates for food animal species.

Chapter 5

Table 5.1 Macro and microminerals.

Table 5.2 Kcal of various feeds.

Table 5.3 Beta‐carotene levels (mg/kg DM) amounts.

Table 5.4 Vitamin A requirements for horse life stages.

Table 5.5 Cattle gastrointestinal anatomy and fluid volume.

Table 5.6 Diets discrimination based on oral cavity.

Table 5.7 TDN % of various feed.

Table 5.8 Protein % in various feed.

Table 5.9 Average amount of feed required.

Table 5.10 Nutrient requirements for production.

Chapter 8

Table 8.1 The three phases of a bone scan after intravenous injection.

Table 8.2 Low‐field MRI vs. high‐field MRI.

Table 8.3 Common MRI terminology.

Chapter 9

Table 9.1 Name, chemical composition, source, and action of the major reprod...

Table 9.2 Selected anatomical features of male animals.

Table 9.3 Estrus cycles of domestic animals.

Table 9.4 Selected features of pregnancy and parturition in domestic animals...

Table 9.5 Timing and methodology of direct methods for pregnancy diagnosis i...

Chapter 10

Table 10.1 Duration of action.

Table 10.2 Commonly used medications for sedation in food animals.

Table 10.3 Commonly used sedation drug combinations in food animals.

Chapter 11

Table 11.1 Parturition normals for large animal species.

Table 11.2 Minimum neonatal blood glucose levels.

Table 11.3 Assessing passive transfer of immunity.

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 Cycle of Infection: Each component of the cycle must be present i...

Figure 1.2 Antibacterial hand wipes are a great alternative when sinks are n...

Figure 1.3 Foam hand sanitizer.

Figure 1.4 A dunk tank setup used for soaking porous equipment after the pat...

Figure 1.5 An isolation stall with its own ventilation system.

Figure 1.6 Gram stains are used to narrow down types of bacteria.

Figure 1.7 Equine entrance separate from other species is ideal.

Figure 1.8 Bovine entrance is separate from other species.

Figure 1.9 Mini‐isolation stall.

Figure 1.10 Strict isolation stall.

Figure 1.11 A strict isolation building.

Figure 1.12 Full PPE on a technician who is ready to enter isolation.

Figure 1.13 Exiting isolation step one: Remove soiled gloves and replace.

Figure 1.14 Exiting isolation step two: Remove gown with clean gloves by pul...

Figure 1.15 Continue taking off the isolation suit being sure to touch only ...

Figure 1.16 Move the isolation suit down to the boots.

Figure 1.17 Remove the suit and one boot.

Figure 1.18 With one boot loose, step into the footbath.

Figure 1.19 Continue ungowning by removing the second boot.

Figure 1.20 Place second loose foot into the footbath.

Figure 1.21 Dispose of contaminated suit.

Figure 1.22 Dispose of gloves.

Figure 1.23 Use hand sanitizer after taking off PPE.

Figure 1.24 Wet hands.

Figure 1.25 Add soap.

Figure 1.26 Wash for 20 S.

Figure 1.27 Rinse.

Figure 1.28 Dry.

Figure 1.29 Turn off water with paper towel.

Figure 1.30 Surgical hand scrub.

Figure 1.31 A stall being disinfected that was first stripped of all organic...

Figure 1.32 Foam gun used to apply disinfectant solution to a stall.

Figure 1.33 Scrub brushes can help remove soiled areas on stall surfaces.

Figure 1.34 Signage should be strategically placed so that personnel are lik...

Figure 1.35 Signs should be simple and concise.

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 Sheep, goats, and camelids have strong flocking instincts.

Figure 2.2 A guard llama is transported along with its flock.

Figure 2.3 A funnel system that narrows cattle down into a single lane.

Figure 2.4 A single‐file lane is known as a race or chute.

Figure 2.5 Chain placement over a horse's nose using the rostral cheek ring....

Figure 2.6 Chain placement under the horse's chin.

Figure 2.7 Chain placement through a horse's mouth.

Figure 2.8 Lip chain placement.

Figure 2.9 The restrainer should always stand on the same side as the person...

Figure 2.10 When inspecting a horse, care should be taken to never stand dir...

Figure 2.11 Three different types of twitches from left to right; humane, ch...

Figure 2.12 A properly applied humane twitch.

Figure 2.13 A properly applied rope twitch.

Figure 2.14 A properly applied chain twitch.

Figure 2.15 A neck twitch.

Figure 2.16 Horse stocks with both front and rear gates wide open and ready ...

Figure 2.17 The horse handler enters the stocks with the horse and stops jus...

Figure 2.18 The person at the rear gate closes the rear gate while not stand...

Figure 2.19 The person in the front closes the front gate after the rear gat...

Figure 2.20 The front gate is open, and horse is led out of the stocks.

Figure 2.21 A foal with minimal restraint performed with the front arm wrapp...

Figure 2.22 A tail jack placed on a foal.

Figure 2.23 Foals often resist arms placed around their girth area.

Figure 2.24 An upside‐down horse halter used on a foal for a harness type of...

Figure 2.25 The proper restraint for miniature or small foals.

Figure 2.26 A horse that is anesthetized with a combination of drugs that pl...

Figure 2.27 Sedation drugs (detomidine, acepromazine, xylazine).

Figure 2.28 A properly placed cow halter with the rope tightening under the ...

Figure 2.29 Using minimal restraint on a calf that is having a PE performed....

Figure 2.30 Nose tongs placed on a cow.

Figure 2.31 Tail jack restraint.

Figure 2.32 Proper flank rope placement with rope in front of the udder.

Figure 2.33 Front leg hopple restraint.

Figure 2.34 Step one of hind leg restraint.

Figure 2.35 Hind leg restraint allows for examination of the rear leg.

Figure 2.36 Bovine tilt table.

Figure 2.37 A bovine tilt table in use. This cow is placed in right lateral ...

Figure 2.38 Casting rope placement step one.

Figure 2.39 Casting rope step two.

Figure 2.40 The Burley casting harness step one.

Figure 2.41 The Burley casting harness step two.

Figure 2.42 A front view of a bovine squeeze chute.

Figure 2.43 A side view of a squeeze chute.

Figure 2.44 A squeeze chute used for ear tag placement on a cow.

Figure 2.45 Branding cattle in a squeeze chute.

Figure 2.46 A goat is quietly restrained by wrapping an arm around the neck....

Figure 2.47 Tame goats normally stand with minimal effort.

Figure 2.48 Horse halter being used to walk a goat without putting pressure ...

Figure 2.49 Jaw hold on a goat.

Figure 2.50 Inspect the back legs of a goat, lifting them in a position that...

Figure 2.51 A kid restrained for disbudding.

Figure 2.52 An alternative hold for restraining a kid for disbudding.

Figure 2.53 Jaw hold on a sheep.

Figure 2.54 “Setting up” of a sheep allows for a relaxed position.

Figure 2.55 The adult llama on the left is in a kush position.

Figure 2.56 A camelid stanchion.

Figure 2.57 A camelid being minimally restrained.

Figure 2.58 The bracelet hold performed correctly on a llama.

Figure 2.59 Swine are generally friendly when in a low‐stress environment....

Figure 2.60 A pig board.

Figure 2.61 Using the forking method to calm a pig.

Figure 2.62 The breast is in the palm of the hand with the index finger arou...

Figure 2.63 The remaining fingers are around the other leg.

Figure 2.64 Hold the bird between the arm and the body.

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 Mare and foal grazing on lush pasture grasses.

Figure 3.2 Equine Lameness History Form.

Figure 3.3 Palpation of an equine distal limb during a lameness exam.

Figure 3.4 Equine Colic History Form.

Figure 3.5 Two dry cows on pasture.

Figure 3.6 Tricolor Belted Galloway cattle on pasture.

Figure 3.7 Food/Fiber Animal History Form.

Figure 3.8 Alpine and pigmy goats are common as hobby farm pets.

Figure 3.9 Herd of Hampshire sheep.

Figure 3.10 A Llama female with her cria.

Figure 3.11 Potbelly pig relaxing on a couch and rooted under a blanket.

Figure 3.12 Pig enjoying a mud soak.

Figure 3.13 Urban Chicken Coop.

Figure 3.14 Mobile Chicken Coop.

Figure 3.15 Hatchling Chicks in a brooder pen.

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 Establish individual or herd identification through distinguishin...

Figure 4.2 (

Left

) The use of a weight tape to measure the weight. (

Right

) Ho...

Figure 4.3 Locations used to determine a horse's BCS. Numbers correspond to ...

Figure 4.4

Left

: normal gums

Middle:

toxic gums

Right:

purpura.

Figure 4.5 The facial artery can be used to determine a horse's pulse qualit...

Figure 4.6 The transverse facial artery can also be used to determine a hors...

Figure 4.7 Normal equine eye.

Figure 4.8

Top Left:

At first glance, this horse may not seem anatomically sy...

Figure 4.9 Using the Finoff transilluminator, the light is held close to the...

Figure 4.10 When assessing the consensual PLR, the light source should be fa...

Figure 4.11

Left:

Once a patient is sedated for the exam, the head drops, an...

Figure 4.12

Left:

The sedated patient's poll is pushed toward the practition...

Figure 4.13

Left:

A large covered foam pad supports this heavily sedated 600...

Figure 4.14

Left:

Fluorescein dye is sprayed onto the cornea to check for ul...

Figure 4.15 Yellow and white can be indicative of infection as inflammatory ...

Figure 4.16

Top Left:

A large melting corneal ulcer.

Top Right:

Corneal edem...

Figure 4.17

Left:

Advancing the tip of the Tonopen correctly toward the corn...

Figure 4.18 The Tonovet uses a tiny white pin that comes forward to touch th...

Figure 4.19 With modern day cell phone cameras, decent photos can be taken a...

Figure 4.20 Move the left leg forward to allow for better access to listen t...

Figure 4.21 Lung fields in an adult horse.

Figure 4.22 For a rebreathing exam, use a trash bag to encourage the horse t...

Figure 4.23 Location of the paralumbar fossa in the horse. The examiner is a...

Figure 4.24 The examiner is ausculting gastrointestinal sounds in the right ...

Figure 4.25 A head tilt can be indicative of a neurologic lesion or trauma....

Figure 4.26 Collecting cerebrospinal fluid from the lumbosacral space in a s...

Figure 4.27 Specially designed protective foam helmets can be used on horses...

Figure 4.28 These are signs that can be shown in a horse's face when they ar...

Figure 4.29 Horses with limb pain may point with the affected limb.

Figure 4.30 Signs of abdominal pain include rolling, kicking, pawing, and sp...

Figure 4.31 Signs of ocular pain can include weeping, squinting, eyelashes p...

Figure 4.32 A physical examination should begin by using a “hands‐off” appro...

Figure 4.33 Observe the movement patterns of the chest/ribs or flank to dete...

Figure 4.34 Evidence of ophthalmic discharge.

Figure 4.35 Auscultation areas for the pulmonic, aortic, and mitral valves....

Figure 4.36 Auscultation area for the tricuspid valve.

Figure 4.37 Auscult cranial and ventral on the thoracic field on the chest....

Figure 4.38 The technician should auscult the pulmonary field by moving the ...

Figure 4.39 California mastitis test.

Figure 4.40 Contagious ecthyma or sore mouth.

Figure 4.41 A healthy cria.

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 Automatic waterer.

Figure 5.2 Example of hay “quids.”

Figure 5.3 Horse grazing.

Figure 5.4 Roughage legume alsike.

Figure 5.5 Roughage that meets quality criteria.

Figure 5.6 Measuring pasture growth.

Figure 5.7 A complete feed pellet.

Figure 5.8 Taking a measurement using a weight tape, if a scale is not avail...

Figure 5.9 Aseptic technique is used for placement of a bilumen catheter, wh...

Figure 5.10 BCS equine.

Figure 5.11 Foraging cow.

Figure 5.12 BCS bovine.

Figure 5.13 Foraging ewe.

Figure 5.14 BCS Sheep.

Figure 5.15 BCS goats.

Figure 5.16 Hand‐fed Katahdin lamb.

Figure 5.17 BCS camelids.

Figure 5.18 BCS swine.

Figure 5.19 Pet pig eating fresh fruits and veggies.

Figure 5.20 Chickens eating scratch grains.

Figure 5.21 Chicken enjoying a watermelon treat.

Figure 5.22 Example of ground up shells used for grit.

Figure 5.23 Chicken drinking water from a small cup waterer.

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1 Setup for a catheter placement includes various catheters, flush,...

Figure 6.2 Correctly placed and secured jugular catheter in an equine patien...

Figure 6.3 Lateral thoracic catheter placement in a horse.

Figure 6.4 Intravenous catheter placement in the auricular vein of a large p...

Figure 6.5 Short‐term polyurethane 5″ catheter kinked.

Figure 6.6 Pet Pig with IVs in both ear veins. It can be so tricky to place ...

Figure 6.7 Arterial line placed in the hind leg of a horse during an anesthe...

Figure 6.8 Urinary catheter placed in a gelding during a myelogram procedure...

Figure 6.9 Preparation of a mare's vulva for urinary catheter placement.

Figure 6.10 Location for tracheotomy on a horse.

Figure 6.11 Alpaca with a temporary tracheostomy tube. This must be monitore...

Figure 6.12 A removable trach both in a horse and separated into two pieces....

Figure 6.13 Collection of whole blood from a donor horse. Both jugular veins...

Figure 6.14 Delivery set with a filter for whole blood or plasma.

Figure 6.15 Foal receiving a plasma transfusion.

Figure 6.16 A horse with hives or wheals. This is a common reaction noted in...

Figure 6.17 (a) Sucralfate tablets ready to be crushed with a mortar and pes...

Figure 6.18 Oral meds in pigs can be tricky. The safest option is going to b...

Figure 6.19 A Schoupe mouth speculum in a cow.

Figure 6.20 A bolus gun for large tablet administration.

Figure 6.21 IVC catheter being flushed with heparin/saline following medicat...

Figure 6.22 A variety of IV pumps used for constant rate infusion.

Figure 6.23 Regional limb perfusion being performed on the medial aspect of ...

Figure 6.24 Common locations for IM drug administration in the horse are hig...

Figure 6.25 Two‐handed technique for eye medication administration.

Figure 6.26 Patient with a subpalpebral lavage system indwelling. A protecti...

Figure 6.27 Horse wearing the AeroMask

®

, which can be used for nebuliza...

Figure 6.28 Horse being administered a metered dose spray via the Aerohippos

Figure 6.29 Drip chamber from a large 10 drop/ml set commonly used for admin...

Figure 6.30 Mane braid and zip tie to anchor an IV fluid line.

Figure 6.31 Delivering a fluid bolus to a goat.

Figure 6.32 A 5 l bag of lactated ringers solution with 3 l remaining.

Figure 6.33 Example of a fluid bag label after additional supplementation ha...

Figure 6.34 Measuring the length of tube needed to reach the pharynx.

Figure 6.35 Measuring the length of tube needed to reach the stomach.

Figure 6.36 Refluxing via a nasogastric tube in a horse.

Figure 6.37 Indwelling nasogastric tube. Note it is secured on both sides to...

Figure 6.38 Frick speculum placed in an adult cow.

Figure 6.39 Collection of rumen fluid via a canulated cow's rumen.

Figure 6.40 Funneling transfaunate after collection.

Figure 6.41 A small patient that found comfort in an unlikely companion.

Figure 6.42 Patient that developed ventral edema during the course of treatm...

Figure 6.43 Flank watching behavior in horses can be an indication of a medi...

Figure 6.44 Bandaged leg of a horse should be monitored for slipping.

Figure 6.45 Patients wearing a splint should be monitored for slippage, chew...

Figure 6.46 Horse with a bandaged face. It is important to note its location...

Figure 6.47 Coats and blankets can help little animals stay warm like this c...

Figure 6.48 Cow hoisted by the Large Animal Lift

®

(LAL) in order to get...

Figure 6.49 Horse under heavy sedation being placed into the Anderson Sling....

Figure 6.50 Horse standing in the Anderson Sling.

Figure 6.51 Cow resting in the large animal lift sling.

Figure 6.52 Electrical hoist used for slinging large animal patients.

Figure 6.53 Bucket and dosing syringe are helpful for a routine dental exami...

Figure 6.54 McPherson (Hausman) dental speculum.

Figure 6.55 Conrad dental speculum.

Figure 6.56 Dental speculum placed for examination.

Figure 6.57 McPherson (Hausman) dental speculum and use of a suspended chin ...

Figure 6.58 A routine dental float being performed with a power float.

Figure 6.59 Example of an overgrowth of one tooth from the lower arcade due ...

Figure 6.60 Nomenclature of equine teeth. Upper right arcade are 100s, upper...

Figure 6.61 An array of equine dental instruments.

Figure 6.62 Long dental instrument using a piece of long rubber to secure th...

Figure 6.63 Horse with an incisor gag.

Figure 6.64 X‐ray of equine incisors afflicted with equine odontoclastic too...

Chapter 7

Figure 7.1 Abdominocentesis on a horse.

Figure 7.2 Preparing a tarsus joint for sampling.

Figure 7.3 Arthrocentesis of the tibiotarsal joint in an adult horse.

Figure 7.4 Bronchoalveolar lavage catheter.

Figure 7.5 Bronchoalveolar lavage syringe being performed on a sedated horse...

Figure 7.6 Bronchoalveolar lavage syringe with surfactant sample.

Figure 7.7 Sampling from the palmar digital vein in the hind leg of a foal....

Figure 7.8 Angle of the needle/syringe for blood sampling of the anterior ve...

Figure 7.9 Location for sampling from the coccygeal vein of a cow.

Figure 7.10 Blood draw from the jugular of a horse.

Figure 7.11 Blood draw from the facial sinus of a horse.

Figure 7.12 Syringes ready for the three‐syringe technique.

Figure 7.13 Common bone marrow biopsy needle with stylet.

Figure 7.14 EZ‐I0

®

driver used for bone marrow biopsy.

Figure 7.15 Tru‐CutTM versus Monopty

®

biopsy instruments.

Figure 7.16 Tip of a liver biopsy instrument.

Figure 7.17 Liver biopsy on an adult cow using the Monopty instrument.

Figure 7.18 Muscle biopsy using a wedge technique from the semimembranosus/s...

Figure 7.19 Muscle biopsy using a wedge technique from the sacrocaudalis dor...

Figure 7.20 Muscle biopsy using a Bergström needle.

Figure 7.21 Alligator forceps with biopsy basket, commonly used for rectal m...

Figure 7.22 Punch biopsies in various sizes, commonly used for small skin bi...

Figure 7.23 Supplies set up for a CSF tap.

Figure 7.24 Atlantooccipital tap prior to a myelogram procedure on an adult ...

Figure 7.25 Ultrasound‐guided lateral approach C1–C2 spinal tap.

Figure 7.26 CSF Lumbosacral tap performed on a calf.

Figure 7.27 (a) Normal CSF fluid compared. (b) xanthochromia CSF fluid.

Figure 7.28 ACT system.

Figure 7.29 RBC suspension preparation.

Figure 7.30 A llama donating whole blood.

Figure 7.31 Allergy testing being performed on an equine patient.

Figure 7.32 Supplies used for skin scraping.

Figure 7.33 Standard placement for base‐apex lead system.

Figure 7.34 Atrial fibrillation at different paper speeds.

Figure 7.35 Holter monitor on an adult cow.

Figure 7.36 Televet monitor on a horse.

Figure 7.37 Wireless ECG. Digital recording devices such as the one develope...

Figure 7.38 ECG graph paper and pen. Count the number of complexes along the...

Figure 7.39 Normal equine complexes.

Figure 7.40 Ta wave. Atrial repolarization.

Figure 7.41 Sinus tachycardia in an exercising horse.

Figure 7.42 Sinus bradycardia with slight sinus arrhythmia in an alpaca.

Figure 7.43 Sinus arrhythmia in an alpaca.

Figure 7.44 Second‐degree AVB in an equine patient.

Figure 7.45 Supraventricular premature complex (SPC).

Figure 7.46 Non‐conducted supraventricular premature complex (SPC).

Figure 7.47 VPCs or ventricular premature complexes.

Figure 7.48 Atrial fibrillation in an equine patient.

Figure 7.49 Ventricular tachycardia at a rate only slightly faster than the ...

Figure 7.50 Rapid ventricular tachycardia.

Figure 7.51 Multiform ventricular tachycardia.

Figure 7.52 Complete heart block in an alpaca.

Figure 7.53 Endoscopic exam of a horse in motion utilizing an over‐ground hi...

Figure 7.54 Dynamic endoscopic exam.

Figure 7.55 Endoscopic view of an adult equine upper airway. Guttural pouch ...

Figure 7.56 Endoscopic view of an adult equine guttural pouch. The styloid h...

Figure 7.57 Normal esophagus of an adult equine patient. Note the scabbing i...

Figure 7.58 Endoscopic view of an adult equine at the bifurcation of the pri...

Figure 7.59 Endoscopic view of margo plicatus in an adult horse. This juncti...

Figure 7.60 Endoscopic view of the duodenum opening.

Figure 7.61 Teat dipping a cow udder.

Figure 7.62 Equine patient with a chest tube placed for pleural drainage.

Figure 7.63 Thoracocentesis on a horse to remove air from the chest for trea...

Figure 7.64 Transtracheal wash kit.

Chapter 8

Figure 8.1 Hounsfield scale.

Figure 8.2 Lateral foot is shot with beam horizontal.

Figure 8.3 Well‐positioned lateral view of the distal interphalangeal joint....

Figure 8.4 Zoomed‐in image of Figure 8.3.

Figure 8.5 Lateral view of the digits of a bovine foot with superimposition ...

Figure 8.6 The DP Foot is radiographed on tunnel with the beam horizontal.

Figure 8.7 DP Foot.

Figure 8.8 D60P on tunnel.

Figure 8.9 D60P on block at an upright angle.

Figure 8.10 D60P image on X‐ray.

Figure 8.11 Navicular skyline.

Figure 8.12 Zoom‐in of navicular skyline.

Figure 8.13 A well‐positioned navicular skyline view. There is a distinct ra...

Figure 8.14 A poorly prepared and positioned navicular skyline radiograph. T...

Figure 8.15 Repeat navicular skyline radiograph on the same horse. There is ...

Figure 8.16 Lateromedial fetlock with beam centered on the fetlock.

Figure 8.17 Lateromedial fetlock.

Figure 8.18 Flexed lateral fetlock.

Figure 8.19 A perfectly positioned flexed lateral radiograph of the fetlock ...

Figure 8.20 The DP fetlock angles downward 15–30°.

Figure 8.21 DP fetlock.

Figure 8.22 (a) Schematic of DLPMO fetlock is 45° off of dorsal. (b) DLPMO f...

Figure 8.23 DLPMO fetlock.

Figure 8.24 DMPLO fetlock is positioned at a 45° off dorsal medial/lateral t...

Figure 8.25 DMPLO fetlock.

Figure 8.26 Lateral carpus is weight bearing.

Figure 8.27 Lateral carpus.

Figure 8.28 Flexed carpus is flexed 60°, pushing the carpus cranially. No ro...

Figure 8.29 A well‐positioned flexed lateral view of the carpus. Note the se...

Figure 8.30 A poorly positioned flexed lateral view. Inadequate flexion does...

Figure 8.31 DP carpus with horse standing squarely. Avoid being narrow or wi...

Figure 8.32 DP carpus is taken with beam horizontal.

Figure 8.33 DMPLO carpus approximately 60° – this means that the view is tak...

Figure 8.34 DMPLO carpus.

Figure 8.35 DLPMO carpus is taken 45° off dorsal.

Figure 8.36 DLPMO carpus.

Figure 8.37 The limb is flexed and pushed cranially; the cassette is placed ...

Figure 8.38 (a) Flexed (skyline) carpus proximal. (b) Flexed (skyline) carpu...

Figure 8.39 Elbow is lifted and pulled cranially; the view is taken with bea...

Figure 8.40 Mediolateral elbow.

Figure 8.41 Craniocaudal elbow‐limb is weight bearing.

Figure 8.42 Craniocaudal elbow.

Figure 8.43 Mediolateral shoulder with joint space superimposed over the tra...

Figure 8.44 Lateromedial tarsus (lateral).

Figure 8.45 Lateromedial tarsus (lateral). This particular view shows a frag...

Figure 8.46 Dorso‐plantar (DP) tarsus.

Figure 8.47 (a) and (b) show a well‐positioned and a poorly positioned DP vi...

Figure 8.48 Shows a mild obliquity to DP view, which allows for better evalu...

Figure 8.49 DLPMO tarsus is radiographed at a 45° angle off lateral.

Figure 8.50 DLPMO tarsus.

Figure 8.51 DMPLO tarsus is positioned at a 45° off dorsal medial/lateral to...

Figure 8.52 DMPLO tarsus. This horse shows a fragment off the distal interme...

Figure 8.53 Lateromedial stifle (lateral).

Figure 8.54 Lateromedial stifle (lateral).

Figure 8.55 Oblique stifle.

Figure 8.56 Oblique stifle.

Figure 8.57 Caudo‐cranial (CC) stifle – limb is slightly extended; beam shou...

Figure 8.58 CC stifle.

Figure 8.59 A flexed lateral oblique view of the stifle. The arrows indicate...

Figure 8.60 Cervical spine positioning.

Figure 8.61 C‐spine series.

Figure 8.62 C‐Spine oblique.

Figure 8.63 Thoracic radiograph positioning.

Figure 8.64 Ventro‐cranial thorax.

Figure 8.65 Dorso‐caudal thorax.

Figure 8.66 Stall‐side thoracic radiograph of an alpaca in lateral recumbenc...

Figure 8.67 Thoracic radiograph of a sheep. Due to the limitations of the tu...

Figure 8.68 Thoracic radiograph of a sheep with marked alveolar pattern (oft...

Figure 8.69 Abdominal radiograph positioning for an adult horse.

Figure 8.70 The presence of sand in the ventral abdomen of a horse.

Figure 8.71 The presence of hardware and magnet in the reticulum of a bovine...

Figure 8.72 Dorsoventral abdominal radiograph of a small cria in kush.

Figure 8.73 A rope halter on horse.

Figure 8.74 A sedated horse.

Figure 8.75 Positioning the cassette for lateral skull with focus on teeth....

Figure 8.76 Lateral skull‐teeth.

Figure 8.77 Positioning the cassette for lateral skull with focus on guttura...

Figure 8.78 Lateral skull‐guttural pouch.

Figure 8.79 A DV skull with horse's head positioned low, emphasis on guttura...

Figure 8.80 DV skull positioned over guttural pouch.

Figure 8.81 DV skull with emphasis on cheek teeth.

Figure 8.82 DV skull positioned rostral.

Figure 8.83 (a) For visualizing the maxillary arcade, direct the beam upward...

Figure 8.84

Oblique

skull emphasizing the maxillary arcade.

Figure 8.85 Camelid presenting with a draining track. A malleable probe was ...

Figure 8.86 Various sequences of a bone scintigraphy being performed.

Figure 8.87 Foot: (a and b) palmar feet; (c) dorsal fetlock; (d) lateral lef...

Figure 8.88 Ultrasound transducer types: (a) Linear transducer often called ...

Figure 8.89 Focal zone and other settings; the focal zone marker is often an...

Figure 8.90 Transducer and image orientation; images a and b show how the st...

Figure 8.91 M‐mode of heart. The image at the top of the screen is a two‐dim...

Figure 8.92 Color Doppler image of a horse with a congenital heart defect (v...

Figure 8.93 Continuous wave Doppler display from horse with a ventricular se...

Figure 8.94 Note the tape around the magnet that represents the point at whi...

Figure 8.95 Example of a needle fragment interfering with MRI image from thr...

Figure 8.96 3 T MRI unit.

Figure 8.97 Hallmarq MRI unit.

Figure 8.98 Comparison of an equine foot in a low‐field vs high‐field MRI.

Figure 8.99 A horse blindfolded with a towel in a standing MRI.

Figure 8.100 CT views; (a) transverse (b) sagittal (c) dorsal.

Figure 8.101 Asto CT Unit, capable of performing standing limb or head CTs....

Figure 8.102 CT views a. transverse b. sagittal c. dorsal.

Figure 8.103 A 3D view of equine CT skull.

Figure 8.104 A 3D reconstruction view of CT bilateral equine hind limbs (sta...

Figure 8.105 A C‐arm set up for an equine distal limb screw placement.

Figure 8.106 A C‐arm console displaying an image.

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1 Caudomedial view of the right testes of a bull (schematic). Key: ...

Figure 9.2 Caudal view of the right testes of a bull (photograph). The key i...

Figure 9.3 Dorsal view of the pelvic urogenital organs of the bull. The top ...

Figure 9.4 Excised bovine ovaries. The ovary on the left contains a 1.5 cm d...

Figure 9.5 Dorsal view of the excised bovine reproductive tract. The dorsal ...

Figure 9.6 Equine Caliper Tool used to measure the circumference of a stalli...

Figure 9.7 Missouri model equine artificial vagina (AV) for collection of se...

Figure 9.8 Missouri model equine artificial vagina (assembled).

Figure 9.9 Electroejaculator for semen collection from the bull. Key: batter...

Figure 9.10 Spectrophotometer.

Figure 9.11 Eosin‐nigrosin stained stallion semen. Key: normal live cell (1)...

Figure 9.12 Eosin‐nigrosin stained bull semen. Key: proximal droplet (1), de...

Figure 9.13 Eosin‐nigrosin stained ram semen. Key: distal droplet with bent ...

Figure 9.14 Romanowsky stained ram semen. Key: white blood cell (1), bacteri...

Figure 9.15 Tilting and dorso‐cranial displacement of the vulva in a mare.

Figure 9.16 A linear array, transrectal ultrasound probe fitted with a rigid...

Figure 9.17 Llama breeding occurs in a kush position.

Figure 9.18 Ultrasound showing a 14‐day‐old equine embryo.

Figure 9.19 Clean hand, dirty hand technique.

Figure 9.20 Assisted vaginal delivery of a Bison dystocia using repositionin...

Figure 9.21 Large animal fetotomy equipment.

Figure 9.22 Mammary development and waxing in a mare.

Figure 9.23 Normal presentation for most large animal species.

Figure 9.24 Proper foaling sequence.

Figure 9.25 “F” configuration of an equine placenta. The allantoic side whic...

Figure 9.26 A hippomane.

Figure 9.27 Example of abnormal placental surface, seen by the lighter color...

Figure 9.28 Example of improper fetal presentations; (a) carpal flex (b) foo...

Figure 9.29 A mare in dystocia with being anesthetized for a C‐section.

Figure 9.30 Red Bag presentation.

Figure 9.31 A mare with hydrops.

Figure 9.32 A mare with a prepubic ligament tear in supportive bandaging.

Figure 9.33 Illustration representing uterus gravity in a normal and torsed ...

Figure 9.34 Mare with retained fetal membranes tied up and being prepared fo...

Figure 9.35 Homestead‐type incubator.

Figure 9.36 Brooding hen.

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 Venous access is obtained by using the pig's auricular vein.

Figure 10.2 Line block performed on cow.

Figure 10.3 Epidural catheter placed in a goat.

Figure 10.4 Epidural catheter placed in a horse.

Figure 10.5 A demand valve is used to assist in breathing during recovery of...

Figure 10.6 Induction of a horse requires multiple people with safety kept i...

Figure 10.7 Ruminants should be kept in sternal through the induction and re...

Figure 10.8 Camelids need to be in sternal with the head lifted while being ...

Figure 10.9 A horse being intubated.

Figure 10.10 Pig intubation can be difficult due to their small trachea and ...

Figure 10.11 Anesthetized horse in dorsal recumbency.

Figure 10.12 Arterial catheter placed in a horse; (left) facial artery; (rig...

Figure 10.13 (Top) Horse still intubated, note the down leg is moved forward...

Figure 10.14 A horse standing in the recovery stall show signs of radial ner...

Figure 10.15 Drug chart for multiple species.

Figure 10.16 (Left) adult horse colicking; (right) foal colicking.

Figure 10.17 Horse being lifted from the induction stall and moved into surg...

Figure 10.18 (Top) healthy small intestine; (bottom) dead small intestine wi...

Figure 10.19 (Left) Full colon being placed on the enterotomy table. (Right)...

Figure 10.20 Amino acids and lidocaine CRI being delivered to a post‐operati...

Figure 10.21 (Left) Perforation of the intestine (Right) Post‐operative inci...

Figure 10.22 Horse that is clipped for a standing laparoscopy.

Figure 10.23 Two different views of a standing laparoscopy.

Figure 10.24 Laparoscopy pack.

Figure 10.25 Standing tie‐back surgery.

Figure 10.26 Purulent nasal discharge.

Figure 10.27 Horse with a bone flap and a trephine with foley catheter place...

Figure 10.28 Ethmoid hematoma removal via bone flap.

Figure 10.29 Incision and insertion site of foley catheters are covered with...

Figure 10.30 Removal of tooth via buccotomy.

Figure 10.31 Arthroscopy surgery.

Figure 10.32 Arthroscopy pack.

Figure 10.33 Fetlock arthrodesis surgery with guided screw placement.

Figure 10.34 Equine castration.

Figure 10.35 Standing enucleation.

Figure 10.36 A bovine patient in dorsal recumbency. Notice the legs that are...

Figure 10.37 A bovine patient in dorso‐lateral recumbency for a C‐section. N...

Figure 10.38 (Top) Location of a caudal epidural. Figure 3: Needle in the lo...

Figure 10.39 The needle and syringe administration of lidocaine for a distal...

Figure 10.40 Left flank approach to the bovine abdomen.

Figure 10.41 Teat surgery preparation on a lactating cow.

Figure 10.42 Post‐operative tube cystotomy.

Figure 10.43 (Left) Clipped area for a lumbosacral epidural in a small rumin...

Figure 10.44 (Left) C‐section in goat. (Right) Providing warmth and flow‐by ...

Figure 10.45 Post dehorning of a kid.

Figure 10.46 (Left) Swelling indicating a problem with a tooth. (Right) Radi...

Figure 10.47 Camelid castration.

Figure 10.48 (Left) Leg of cria sticking out of vulva. (Right) Cria being pu...

Figure 10.49 Caring for the cria will consume most of your post‐operative ti...

Figure 10.50 Pig spay.

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1 Initial assessment and treatment could have significant influenc...

Figure 11.2 McCulloch foal aspirator/resuscitator.

Figure 11.3 Premature cria with a Bair Hugger and towels to help with thermo...

Figure 11.4 Plasma must be administered using a filter administration set.

Figure 11.5 Petechial hemorrhage and septic hoof line on a premature foal.

Figure 11.6 Neonatal sepsis score sheet.

Figure 11.7 These blood culture tubes require 8–10 ml of blood for inoculati...

Figure 11.8 Thin hair coat on premature foal.

Figure 11.9 Premature foal showing pliable ears and bulging forehead.

Figure 11.10 Hyperflexion of the forelimb typically seen in the premature fo...

Figure 11.11 Left front (left) and left hind (middle); 20 days premature, bi...

Figure 11.12 Foal being fed via gravity system through a nasal gastric tube....

Figure 11.13 Down foals (left) must be kept on soft bedding and turned/flipp...

Figure 11.14 Foals can be in same stall as their dam (left) or in separate s...

Figure 11.15 Extended use of polyurethane over‐the‐needle catheters (left). ...

Figure 11.16 Sterile jugular catheter placement on foal (left) and cria (rig...

Figure 11.17 Catheter wraps must be changed every day and must not be wrappe...

Figure 11.18 Nasogastric feeding tubes with stylet (top left).

Figure 11.19 Udderly EZ is a commercially sold product to aid in milking out...

Figure 11.20 Items for oxygen insufflation.

Figure 11.21 Items for oxygen insufflation, assembled.

Figure 11.22 Bird distribution under heat lamps.

Figure 11.23 Space requirement of chicks.

Chapter 12

Figure 12.1 Corneal edema.

Figure 12.2 Decreased tongue tone may be one of the earliest clinical signs ...

Figure 12.3 Oral ulcers typically seen with acute onset of BVD. This 1½‐year...

Figure 12.4 Caseous lymphadenitis goat presenting with firm mass on the righ...

Figure 12.5 Equine cataract.

Figure 12.6 Myelogram of a horse not affected with CVSM. This image was capt...

Figure 12.7 Myelogram of a horse affected with CVSM. This image was captured...

Figure 12.8

Left:

Obstructed esophagus with grass wad.

Right:

Choke resolved...

Figure 12.9

Left:

Equine corneal ulcer.

Middle:

Bovine corneal ulcer with ne...

Figure 12.10 Rain rot on a horse.

Figure 12.11 Gastric ulcers visualized during a gastroscopy using a 3‐m endo...

Figure 12.12 Horses affected with EHM and other spinal cord diseases may occ...

Figure 12.13 Slings can be used to help regain muscle strength in horses rec...

Figure 12.14 Swollen sheath in a 10‐year‐old gelding.

Figure 12.15 A horse head pressing against the wall.

Figure 12.16 Equine glaucoma.

Figure 12.17 Circle denotes area of erosion within the guttural pouch.

Figure 12.18 Open skin flap on the top of a horse's head.

Figure 12.19 Enlarged thyroid in a horse.

Figure 12.20 Coffin bone close to penetrating the sole of the foot.

Figure 12.21 A head tilt is a common clinical sign associated with listerios...

Figure 12.22 Actinomycosis or lumpy jaw in a beef steer.

Figure 12.23 Radiograph of same patient showing inflammation and abscessatio...

Figure 12.24 Positive (purple) results on a California Mastitis Test.

Figure 12.25 Multiple melanomas on the ventral surface of the tail.

Figure 12.26 Horse with pemphigus that has affected the entire body.

Figure 12.27 Ultrasound of the pleura shows severe pulmonary consolidation....

Figure 12.28 Pleural lavage with indwelling drain into the chest.

Figure 12.29 Horse with left‐sided facial paralysis.

Figure 12.30 A typical dermatophytosis lesion on the right cervical area of ...

Figure 12.31 Bovine squamous cell carcinoma.

Figure 12.32 Mucopurulent substance seen in the guttural pouches on endoscop...

Figure 12.33 Typical tetanic posture in lambs affected by

Clostridium tetani

Figure 12.34 Abdominal distention in a six‐month‐old Holstein steer.

Figure 12.35 A steer affected by urolithiasis and uroperitoneum. Urine is be...

Figure 12.36 Bladder stone being surgically removed.

Guide

Cover Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contributors

Preface

Abbreviations

About the Companion Website

Table of Contents

Begin Reading

Multiple Choice Questions Answer Bank

“Test Your Learning” Answer Bank

Glossary

Index

WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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Large Animal Medicine for Veterinary Technicians

Second Edition

Edited by

Sue Loly, LVT, VTS (EVN)

University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA

Heather Hopkinson, RVT, VTS (EVN), CCRP

North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

This second edition first published 2022© 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Edition HistoryJohn Wiley & Sons Inc., (1e, 2014)

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Contributors

Erin Matheson Barr, RVTOphthalmology Clinical Technician, North Carolina State UniversityCollege of Veterinary MedicineRaleigh, NCUSA

Myra F. Barrett, DVM, MS, DACVRAssistant Professor of RadiologyColorado State UniversityFort Collins, COUSA

Kara M. Burns, MS, MEd, LVT, VTS (Nutrition)Academy of Veterinary Nutrition TechniciansLafayette, INUSA

Celina M. Checura, DVM, MS, PhD, Dipl ACTClinical Assistant Professor of TheriogenologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadison, WIUSA

Jamie DeFazio, AS, CVT, VTS (EVN)Nursing Supervisor, New Bolton CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicineKennett Square, PAUSA

Sian Durward‐Akhurst, BVMSLarge Animal Internal Medicine ResidentUniversity of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MNUSA

Sheryl Ferguson, CVT, VTS (LAIM)Large Animal Hospital ManagerUniversity of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MNUSA

Derek Foster, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (LAIM)Associate Professor of Ruminant Medicine, North Carolina State UniversityCollege of Veterinary MedicineRaleigh, NCUSA

Carrie J. Finno, DVM, PhD, DACVIMPostdoctoral Fellow and Associate VeterinarianUniversity of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MNUSA

William Gilsenan, VMD, DACVIM (LAIM)Clinical Assistant Professor, Production Management MedicineVirginia‐Maryland Regional College of Veterinary MedicineBlacksburg, VAUSA

Sergio Gonzales, BSLarge Animal Hospital Crew SupervisorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MNUSA

Ann Elizabeth Goplen, DVMAssistant Clinical Professor, Small Ruminant SpecialistUniversity of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MNUSA

Jennifer Halleran, DVM, DACVIM (LAIM)Food Animal Medicine and Surgery Clinician, North Carolina State UniversityCollege of Veterinary MedicineRaleigh, NCUSA

Scott R. R. Haskell, DVM, MPVM, PhDDirector Veterinary Technology ProgramYuba CollegeMarysville, CAUSA

Leslie Hiber, CVT, BSVeterinary Technician Practitioner (Infection Control)University of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MNUSA

Heather Hopkinson, RVT, VTS (EVN), CCRPNorth Carolina State UniversityCollege of Veterinary MedicineRaleigh, NCUSA

Lauren Hughes, DVMVMED PhD Student, Equine Genetics and Genomics LaboratoryUniversity of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MNUSA

Amy L. Johnson, DVM, DACVIM (LAIM & Neurology)Assistant Professor of Large Animal Medicine and NeurologyUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary MedicineKennett Square, PAUSA

Shana Lemmenes, CVT, VTS (EVN)University of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MNUSA

Laura Lien, MS, CVT, VTS (LAIM)Instructional Laboratory PlannerMadison Area Technical CollegeMadison, WIUSA

Bonnie L. Loghry, BAS, MPH, RVTProfessor Veterinary Technology ProgramYuba CollegeMarysville, CAUSA

Sue Loly, LVT, VTS (EVN)Large Animal Hospital Technical SupervisorUniversity of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MNUSA

Zach Loppnow, DVMAnoka Equine Veterinary ServicesAssociate VeterinarianElk River, MN

Fernando J. Marqués, DVM, DACVIM (LAIM)Associate ProfessorUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoon, SaskatchewanCanada

Annette M. McCoy, DVM, MS, DACVSPostdoctoral FellowUniversity of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MNUSA

Erica McKenzie, BSc, BVMS, PhD, DACVIM, DACVSMRAssociate ProfessorOregon State UniversityCorvallis, ORUSA

Rolf B. Modesto, VMDLarge Animal Surgery ResidentUniversity of MinnesotaSt. Paul, MNUSA

Harry Momont, DVM, PhD, Dipl ACTClinical Associate Professor of TheriogenologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadison, WIUSA

Danielle Mzyk, DVM, PhDAssociate VeterinarianJanesville Animal Medical CenterMilton, WIUSA

Stephanie Rutten‐Ramos, DVM, PhDSenior BiostatisticianMinneapolis Heart Institute FoundationMinneapolis, MNUSA

Shirley Sandoval, BAS, LVT, VTS (LAIM)Head Instructional TechnologistComparative Large Animal TheriogenologyWashington State UniversityPullman, WAUSA

Kurt Selberg, MS, DVM, DACVRVeterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic ImagingUniversity of GeorgiaAthens, GAUSA

Stacie K. Seymour, DVMAnimal Connections Integrative CareMinneapolis, MNUSA

JoAnn Slack, DVM, MS, DACVIM (LAIM)Clinical Studies, New Bolton CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaKennett Square, PAUSA

Meagan Smith, RVT, VTS (Anesthesia and Analgesia)