Lean Management Solutions for Contemporary Manufacturing Operations: Applications in the Automotive Industry E-Book
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- Herausgeber: Bentham Science Publishers
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
Lean Management Solutions for Contemporary Manufacturing Operations: Applications in the automotive industry covers recent techniques aimed at improving manufacturing activities in automotive factories in the time of the fourth industrial revolution. The book informs the reader about some improvements in hard skills (such as technical concepts, new tools, processes, and applied designs), as well as soft skills (strategic planning and the psychology of motivating human resources in manufacturing setups). The book also presents insight for managers who are working with a niche of employees with disabilities with respect to the automotive industry. Topics in the book include: Application of Graph Theory in Workplace Design Applied Design Disability and the 4th Industrial Revolution People Development, Motivation & Results Low Cost Logistics Solutions Agile Methodologies in Manufacturing Projects This book is a concise, informative reference which updates the reader on recent strategies to maximize productivity in the auto manufacturing sector.
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Seitenzahl: 127
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2006
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FOREWORD
People are impacted by Science every day. This simple fact is advantageous when it represents an improvement in the quality of life. Many times, when people refer to their quality of life, they associate it with free time. However, this book sheds light on improving the quality of life from the work perspective. Since we probably spend a third of our time working, it is especially important to embrace Science and Technology to produce meaningful changes that benefit us.
These changes, however small they may seem, can have major impacts on the society in which they are generated. Incorporating Science and Technology in everyday work-life can help increase opportunities, improve mental well-being, and enhance productivity which are central to a better quality of life. These changes could substantially contribute towards the incorporation of people with special abilities into today's industry.
PREFACE
Lean Management Solutions for Contemporary Manufacturing Operations opens an illustration of some of the smart functionalities that can be implemented. The book also introduces technologies, soft and hard skills, suitable for the general integration. Following this, the authors provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances in technologies and methods, in different areas, including synergies with human capital.
The following chapters establishes a standard for application of mathematical concepts in workplaces, agile methods for projects, applicated design, low cost solutions. It also includes people development, planning, motivation and especially deals with persons with disabilities in workplace context.
The goal of the work is to open the eyes to the new industry revolution.
Various setups are thoroughly examined by the authors, considering the contribution of each case.
Chapter 1: This article tries to use Euler's concept to solve the problem of the 7 Königsberg bridges, applied in the workplace organization.
This new application of Graph Theory is intended to help improve different jobs, either from the design of new workstations, as well as opportunities for improvement for those workstations current.
Chapter 2: This chapter explores the concept of non-value-added operations in the manufacturing industry and how it impacts part design. The idea is to describe what are currently considered operations that do not add value to manufacturing and show examples of applied design, giving an idea of how the designer or engineer should think when making a new product, they should not only focus in functionality, also in the process and always contextualizing the different technologies available, current laws and the market to which it is trying to introduce.
Chapter 3: In times where the fourth industrial revolution is looming on the near horizon, technological advances and new employment configurations invite us to question access to quality jobs for vulnerable groups such as people with disabilities. This requires investigating the management of resources, physical, technical and procedural factors involved in the design of jobs and reviewing some alternatives such as the Supported Employment methodology.
Chapter 4: The influence of strategic planning can be a link or obstacle to the good performance of the company and can be a factor of distinction and influence in the commitment of those who are part of it. Strategic planning must be understood as a participatory process, which will not solve all uncertainties, but which must draw a line of those affected to act accordingly.
Chapter 5: In this article we are going to review different solutions for material handling problems to increase productivity.
In this process we are learning some tools used to analyze time and methods and improve them.
The aim is to demonstrate that automation is not always expensive, if we use our brain we can find out mechanism cheaper than a robot.
Chapter 6: This article consists of analyzing the feasibility of using agile methodologies tools in industrial manufacturing projects.
Since its inception, agile management tools have been used for software development projects and technology innovation. Currently, manufacturing projects use only traditional project management methodologies; the challenge is to apply agile tools in traditional management.
List of Contributors
Application of Graph Theory in Workplace Design
Gonzalo F. Taboada1,*Abstract
This article tries to use Euler's concept to solve the problem of the 7 Königsberg bridges, applied in the workplace organization.
First of all, it is important to keep in mind that Euler was a mathematician who in 1736 proposed a solution to a problem posed at the time that consisted in taking a walk through the city of Kaliningrad, starting from one of its regions, crossing once all its bridges over the Pregolya River and returning to the same region from which he had started.
INTRODUCTION
Before entering fully into the article, we will briefly review Leonhard Euler (1707 - 1783) Swiss mathematician (Fig.1), main promoter of mathematical analysis in the 18th century, with more than 50 books published, on mathematical analysis, algebra, fluid mechanics, astronomy, etc.
Fig. (1)) Leonhard Paul Euler.Amongst his many discoveries and developments, Euler is credited for introducing the Greek letter π to denominate the Archimedes constant (the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter), and for developing a new mathematical constant, the “e” (also known as Euler's Number), which is equivalent to a logarithm's natural base, and has several applications such as to calculate compound interest.
Another application that we will develop is the Graph Theory.
Graph Theory is a branch of mathematics that studies flow and/or movements through networks of points and lines by means of graphical representation.
The subject of graph theory had its beginnings in recreational mathematical problems (see numbers game), but has become an important area of mathematical research, with applications in chemistry, social sciences, and computer science [1].
PROPOSED DESIGN
Seven Königsberg Bridges
As we mentioned in the beginning, Euler tried to solve the problem posed on the crossing of the 7 bridges (Fig.2).
Fig. (2)) Seven Königsberg Bridges. Fig. (3)) Graph.The problem posed has no solution, it is impossible to get a route that meets the condition of connecting all regions using all bridges only one time.
From this problem, Euler enunciated the Graph Theory, which we will use in this chapter to achieve greater efficiency and organization in the different workstations, that is, we will show one of the possible applications of Euler's Theory [2, 3].
Graph Theory
It is the graphical and simplified representation made by Euler to try to solve the problem of the 7 bridges (Fig.3), based on what was called position geometry. Euler designed a graph that represents regions as nodes or vertices and routes (in this case bridges) as edges of that representation.
For a graph to be solved, with the premise of finding a route that crosses all bridges only once, two necessary and sufficient conditions must be met [4].
1. If an even number of bridges arrive at each of the regions of the graph, then the path starts and ends at the same place. This is an Eulerian Cycle (Fig.4).
Fig. (4)) Eulerian Cycle.2. If there is a region where an odd number of bridges arrive, then there are exactly two regions with that configuration and the trajectory starts in one of them and ends in the other, where an odd number of bridges also arrive. This is called an Eulerian Way (Fig.5).
Fig. (5)) Eulerian Way.If the Graph configuration contains more than two nodes where the number of bridges arriving is odd, we can say that the route has no solution for a Cyclic or Eulerian Way.
The application of Graph Theory is wide, it is used for example for:
Computer Network DesignProgramming and Distribution of Public Services.Urban PlanningMathematical ModelingCartographyIn this paper we will list a new application, which will be the “Design and Organization of the Workplace”.
CASE STUDIES
Example 1:
In this case, for example, the assembly of the wheels of a commercial vehicle (Fig.6).
Next is the analysis of the current operation (Fig.7). It is possible to use graph theory to design a new operation more efficiently.
The route shown in the current operation is inefficient, since for the assembly of the rear wheels, the same route or bridge is traversed three times.
Fig. (6)) Assembly Line. Fig. (7)) Current Assembly.The proposed improvement consists of modifying the mounting device of the dual wheels so that they can be mounted in pairs and thus the proposed path becomes an Eulerian Cycle (Fig.8).
Fig. (8)) Eulerian Cycle.
