Machine Learning for Industrial Applications E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 303

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024

Beschreibung

The main goal of the book is to provide a comprehensive and accessible guide that empowers readers to understand, apply, and leverage machine learning algorithms and techniques effectively in real-world scenarios.

Welcome to the exciting world of machine learning! In recent years, machine learning has rapidly transformed from a niche field within computer science to a fundamental technology shaping various aspects of our lives. Whether you realize it or not, machine learning algorithms are at work behind the scenes, powering recommendation systems, autonomous vehicles, virtual assistants, medical diagnostics, and much more. This book is designed to serve as your comprehensive guide to understanding the principles, algorithms, and applications of machine learning. Whether a student diving into this field for the first time, a seasoned professional looking to broaden your skillset, or an enthusiast eager to explore cutting-edge advancements, this book has something for you.

The primary goal of Machine Learning for Industrial Applications is to demystify machine learning and make it accessible to a wide audience. It provides a solid foundation in the fundamental concepts of machine learning, covering both the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications. Whether you’re interested in supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, or innovative techniques like deep learning, you’ll find comprehensive coverage here. Throughout the book, a hands-on approach is emphasized. As the best way to learn machine learning is by doing, the book includes numerous examples, exercises, and real-world case studies to reinforce your understanding and practical skills.

Audience

The book will enjoy a wide readership as it will appeal to all researchers, students, and technology enthusiasts wanting a hands-on guide to the new advances in machine learning.

Leseprobe

Scrivener Publishing100 Cummings Center, Suite 541JBeverly, MA 01915-6106

Next-Generation Computing and Communication Engineering

Series Editors: Dr. G. R. Kanagachidambaresan and Dr. Kolla Bhanu Prakash

Edge computing has become an active research field supporting low processing power, real-time response time, and more resource capacity than IoT and mobile devices. It has also been considered to effectively mitigate loads on data centers, to assist artificial intelligence (AI) services, and to increase 5G services. Edge computing applications along with the IoT field are essential technical directions in order to open the door to new opportunities enabling smart homes, smart hospitals, smart cities, smart vehicles, smart wearables, smart supply chain, e-health, automation, and a variety of other smart environments.

However, any developments are made more challenging because the involvement of multi-domain technology creates new problems for researchers. Therefore, in order to help meet the challenge, this book series concentrates on next generation computing and communication methodologies involving smart and ambient environment design. It is an effective publishing platform for monographs, handbooks, and edited volumes on Industry 4.0, agriculture, smart city development, new computing and communication paradigms. Although the series mainly focuses on design, it also addresses analytics and investigation of industry-related real-time problems.

Publishers at ScrivenerMartin Scrivener ([email protected])Phillip Carmical ([email protected])

Machine Learning for Industrial Applications

Kolla Bhanu Prakash

Department of Computer Science & Engineering, K. L. University, Vaddeswaram, India

This edition first published 2024 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA© 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLCFor more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISBN 978-1-394-26896-2

Cover image: Pixabay.ComCover design by Russell Richardson

Dedicated to my parents, Sri. Kolla Narayana Rao & Smt. Kolla Uma Maheswari and my wife, Mrs. M. V. Prasanna Lakshmi

Preface

Welcome to the exciting world of machine learning! In recent years, machine learning has rapidly transformed from a niche field within computer science to a fundamental technology shaping various aspects of our lives. Whether you realize it or not, machine learning algorithms are at work behind the scenes, powering recommendation systems, autonomous vehicles, virtual assistants, medical diagnostics, and much more. This book is designed to serve as your comprehensive guide to understanding the principles, algorithms, and applications of machine learning. Whether a student diving into this field for the first time, a seasoned professional looking to broaden your skillset, or an enthusiast eager to explore cutting-edge advancements, this book has something for you. In this preface, we’ll outline the objectives of this book, discuss its structure, and offer some guidance on how to get the most out of your journey through its pages.

Our primary goal is to demystify machine learning and make it accessible to a wide audience. We aim to provide a solid foundation in the fundamental concepts of machine learning, covering both the theoretical underpinnings and practical applications. Whether you’re interested in supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, or innovative techniques like deep learning, you’ll find comprehensive coverage here. Throughout the book, we emphasize a hands-on approach. We firmly believe that the best way to learn machine learning is by doing. Therefore, we include numerous examples, exercises, and real-world case studies to reinforce your understanding and practical skills.

I am deeply grateful for the dedicated support and valuable assistance rendered by Martin Scrivener and the Scrivener Publishing team during this book.

Dr. Kolla Bhanu PrakashJune 2024

1Overview of Machine Learning

1.1 Introduction

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that focuses on developing algorithms and models that enable computers to learn and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed. It is a field that has gained significant attention and prominence due to its ability to solve complex problems and make sense of large amounts of data.

Machine learning teaches computers how to learn from data and improve their performance over time. This is achieved through various techniques and algorithms that allow machines to recognize patterns, make predictions, and adapt their behavior based on their input.

There are several key concepts and components within machine learning:

Data: Data are the foundation of machine learning. Algorithms learn from data, which can be in the form of text, images, videos, numerical values, or any other structured or unstructured format.

Features: Features are the attributes or characteristics of the data that are used by algorithms to make predictions or classifications. Selecting relevant features is crucial for the success of a machine learning model.

Labels: In supervised learning, which is a common type of machine learning, data are labeled with the correct output. The algorithm learns from the labeled data to predict new, unseen data.

Algorithms: Machine learning algorithms are mathematical models that process and learn from data. These algorithms can be categorized into different types, such as regression, classification, clustering, and reinforcement learning, each designed for specific tasks.

Training: Training a machine learning model involves feeding it labeled data and allowing it to adjust its internal parameters to minimize the difference between its predictions and the actual labels.

Testing and Validation: The model’s performance is evaluated on new, unseen data to assess its generalization ability after training. This helps ensure the model is balanced (performing well on training data but poorly on new data).

Supervised, Unsupervised, and Reinforcement Learning: These are the main categories of machine learning. In supervised learning, the algorithm learns from labeled data to make predictions. In unsupervised learning, the algorithm identifies patterns and relationships in data without explicit labels. Reinforcement learning involves training agents to take action in an environment to maximize a reward.

Overfitting and Underfitting: Overfitting occurs when a model learns the training data too well and performs poorly on new data. Conversely, underfitting happens when a model is too simplistic to capture the underlying patterns in the data.

Hyperparameters: These are parameters that are set before training a model, such as the learning rate or the number of hidden layers in a neural network. Tuning hyperparameters is an essential aspect of optimizing model performance.

Deep Learning: Deep learning is a subset of machine learning focusing on multiple layers of neural networks. It has revolutionized fields like computer vision, natural language processing, and speech recognition.

Machine learning has many applications, including image and speech recognition, medical diagnosis, recommendation systems, fraud detection, and autonomous vehicles. As more data become available and computing power increases, machine learning advances and shapes various aspects of our lives.

Machine learning is a subset of AI that focuses on developing algorithms and statistical models, allowing computers to learn and improve their performance on specific tasks without being explicitly programmed. The core idea behind machine learning is to enable systems to recognize patterns, make predictions, and learn from data, mimicking how humans learn from experience.

In traditional programming, a set of rules and instructions is provided to a computer to solve a problem or perform a task. In contrast, machine learning algorithms learn from data, adjusting their parameters and improving their performance based on the patterns they identify within the data. This process is often referred to as “training” the model.

Machine learning can be broadly categorized into three types:

Supervised Learning: In supervised learning, the algorithm is provided with labeled data, where each data point has an associated “correct” output. The model learns by comparing its predictions with the actual labels and adjusting its parameters accordingly. It is commonly used for tasks like classification and regression.

Unsupervised Learning: Unsupervised learning involves training the algorithm on unlabeled data, where there are no predefined outputs. The model learns to identify patterns and structures within the data without explicit guidance. Clustering and dimensionality reduction are typical applications of unsupervised learning.

Reinforcement Learning: Reinforcement learning is concerned with training agents to interact with an environment and learn from the feedback they receive. The agent’s actions lead to rewards or penalties, helping it improve its decision-making process over time.

Machine learning has many applications across industries, including finance, healthcare, marketing, robotics, natural language processing, and image recognition. Its ability to extract valuable insights from vast amounts of data has significantly impacted industry development, enabling businesses to make data-driven decisions, optimize processes, enhance user experiences, and discover new opportunities for growth and innovation.

However, the successful implementation of machine learning requires careful data preparation, feature engineering, model selection, and ongoing monitoring to ensure its accuracy, reliability, and ethical use. As the field continues to evolve, advancements in deep learning, neural networks, and other techniques are further pushing the boundaries of what machine learning can achieve, making it a critical component in the advancement of technology and industry in the modern world.

Through getting to know an example from design inputs, the gadget concentrating on calculation predicts and performs errands completely based absolutely at the found example and not a predefined programming arrangement. Framework acquiring information is a way-of-life rescuer in a few cases where applying severe calculations is absurd. It will examine the spic-and-span technique from going before styles and executing the expertise.

One of the devices concentrating on applications that we are acquainted with is the way our email transporters help us address spam. Garbage mail channels utilize a calculation to become mindful of and pass approaching garbage messages to your spam organizer. Various web-based business bunches also use machine getting-to-know calculations related to various IT insurance devices to forestall misrepresentation and upgrade their recommendation motor performance [1].

1.2 Sorts of Machine Learning

Depending on your concern assertion, you can utilize both of the three methods to instruct your machine:

1.3 Regulated Gaining Knowledge of Dog and Human

Regulated device dominating should be carried out to datasets wherein the mark/class of every data is perceived. Allow us to reflect that we genuinely wish to train our system to distinguish between images of a human and a dog. Imagine that we have a collection of images that are categorized as either human or dog (human annotators carry out marking to ensure a greater top-notch data). Presently, we can utilize this dataset and data examples to prepare our calculation to concentrate on the appropriate way. When our arrangement of rules learns the method for grouping photos, we will utilize it on extraordinary datasets that are expecting the mark of any new realities factor.

1.4 Solo Learning

As you could wager from the call, the unaided device acquiring information is without any administering guidelines or names. We simply give our gadget a lot of realities and the attributes of every realities piece. As an example, thinking ahead of time occurrence, we basically took care of a few pictures (of people and pups) to our device giving each photograph a capacity. The qualities of individuals can be comparative and uncommon from young doggies. Utilizing these attributes, we will teach our gadget to bunch data into classes. An unmanaged variation of “type” is ordered “gathering.” In bunching, we do not have any marks. The association of the datasets is dependent absolutely on ordinary characteristics.

1.5 Support Mastering

In support, realizing that there are no examples or attributes, there is essentially a stop point–skip or fall flat. To perceive this better, consider the occasion of acquiring information to play chess. After each game, the gadget is educated regarding the success/misfortune notoriety. In this sort of case, our gadget does now not have each stream named as “legitimate” or “erroneous,” yet least complex has the final product. As our calculation plays more computer games eventually of the tutoring, it will safeguard giving bigger “loads” (importance) to the blend of those activities that prompted a win [2].

1.6 Bundles or Applications of Machine Learning

Contraption dominating is a popular expression for most recent age, and it is far developing startlingly each day. We are the use of gadget learning in our step by step life even without understanding it, which incorporates Google Maps, Google Assistant, Alexa, etc. The following are some of the greatest moving genuine worldwide projects of gadget learning.

1.6.1 Photograph Reputation

Photo notoriety is one of the most widely recognized bundles of gadget acquiring information. It is miles used to find objects, individuals, areas, virtual pics, etc. The famous use instance of photograph ubiquity and face recognition is programmed buddy labeling thought.

Facebook (FB) presents us a component of vehicle amigo labeling tips. At whatever point, we add a photograph with our facebook companions; then, at that point, we mechanically get a labeling motivation with a call; and the innovation toward the rear of that is machine concentrating on its face recognition and notoriety calculation.

It is far based on the FB challenge named “Profound Face” that is at risk for face acknowledgment and man or lady character in the photograph.

1.6.2 Discourse Recognition

Indeed, even as utilizing Google, we get a decision of “look for by utilizing voice,” which comes underneath discourse acknowledgment, and it is a renowned utilization of machine dominating.

Discourse prominence is a process for changing over voice guidelines into message; furthermore it is insinuated as “Talk to message” or “PC talk acknowledgment.” As of now, gadget learning calculations are generally utilized by different bundles of discourse notoriety. Google Assistant, Siri, Cortana, and Alexa are the utilization of discourse ubiquity period to conform to voice orders.

1.6.3 Traffic Prediction

To go to a spic-and-span region, we take the assistance of Google Maps, which shows us the right way with the briefest way and predicts the site guests’ conditions.

It predicts the guests’ conditions, which incorporate whether or not traffic is cleared, slow-moving, or firmly blocked with the assistance of ways:

Genuine time district of the car from Google Maps application and sensors.

Normal time has required on past days simultaneously.

Any individual who is utilizing Google Maps is helping this application to make it higher. It takes records from the customer and sends it lower back to its dataset to upgrade its exhibition.

1.6.4 Item Recommendations

Gadget dominating is widely used by different web-based business and diversion bunches, which incorporates Amazon, Netflix, etc., for item proposals to the buyer. On each event, we search for some item on Amazon; then, at that point, we began getting a promotion for the indistinguishable item simultaneously as web surfing at a similar program; and this is because of machine examining.

Google knows about the individual interest in the utilization of different contraption dominating calculations and demonstrates the item according to customer leisure activity.

As comparative, while we use Netflix, we find a couple of suggestions for amusement series, films, etc., and this is, furthermore, performed with the help of framework examining.

1.6.5 Self-Using Vehicles

One of the greatest energizing utilizations of machine considering is self-riding vehicles. Contraption acquiring information fills a gigantic role in self-riding vehicles. Tesla, the greatest famous auto creation association, is dealing with a self-utilizing vehicle. It is the utilization of an unmonitored dominating procedure to instruct the vehicle models to run over individuals and articles simultaneously as driving.

1.6.6 Electronic Mail Unsolicited Mail And Malware Filtering

On each event, we get hold of a pristine email, and it is miles sifted precisely as basic, regular, and garbage mail. We ordinarily get a crucial mail in our inbox with the significant image and spam messages in our garbage mail holder, and the time behind this is framework learning. The following are a couple of garbage mail channels utilized by Gmail:

Content channel out

Header sift through

Favored boycotts sift through

Rules based absolutely channels

Authorization channels

A couple of machine dominating calculations including multi-layer perceptron, decision tree, and naïve Bayes classifier are utilized for electronic mail spontaneous mail sifting and malware location.

1.6.7 Computerized Private Assistant

We have different computerized non-public associates including Google Assistant, Alexa, Cortana, and Siri. As the call shows, they help us in tracking down the insights the utilization of our voice guidance. These associates can help us in different techniques simply through our voice orders comprising playing tune, calling somebody, beginning an email, Scheduling an arrangement, etc.

These menial helpers use gadget concentrating on calculations as a fundamental part.

Those partners record our voice directions, send them over to the server on a cloud, interpret it involving machine learning calculations, and represent that explanation.

1.6.8 Online Fraud Detection

Framework dominating is making our online exchanges secure and comfortable by distinguishing extortion exchanges. Each time we do a couple of online exchange, there might be different methodologies that a fake exchange can take area comprehensive of false bills, artificial ids, and taking cash inside the center of an exchange. So, you can stagger on this; feed ahead neural people group permits us with the guide of checking whether it is a real exchange or an extortion exchange.

For each real exchange, the result is changed into a couple of hash esteems, and those qualities become the contribution for the accompanying circular. For each real exchange, there is a chosen test that gets changed for the extortion exchange; therefore, it distinguishes it and makes our online exchanges additional comfortable.

1.6.9 Securities Exchange Buying and Selling