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- Herausgeber: Anthony Ekanem
- Kategorie: Geisteswissenschaft
- Sprache: Englisch
It is the desire of all humans to live long on earth and fulfil their purpose for existence. Many have desired to live up to 80, 90, 100 and some even wish to live longer. While this desire to live long is a legitimate one, it often happens that people die when they least wished or expected. Historically, women live longer than men and this trend may continue for centuries and perhaps longer. Even with the sizable risk conferred by childbirth, women lived longer than men in 1900, and it appears that women have out survived men at least since the 1500s, when the first reliable mortality data were kept. Sweden was the first country to collect data on death rates nationally; in that country's earliest records, between 1751 and 1790, the average life expectancy at birth was 36.6 years for women and 33.7 years for men. Death rates in less developed countries, whose citizens have limited access to cars, guns and maternal care, also provide a measure of mortality before modernity. At present, the only countries in which male life expectancy exceeds that for females are those with long-standing sexual discrimination - including Bangladesh, India and Pakistan - where social pressures and practices such as female infanticide and bride-burning result in unique "losses" of females. The fact that women live longer than men does not necessarily mean that they enjoy better health than men. It could be that women live with their diseases, while men die from them. Indeed, there is a difference between the sexes in disease patterns, with women having more chronic non-fatal conditions - such as arthritis, osteoporosis and autoimmune disorders - and men having more fatal conditions, such as heart disease and cancer.
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Seitenzahl: 32
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016
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Male Life Expectany
Chapter One
Life Expectancy in Perspective
It is the desire of all humans to live long on earth and fulfil their purpose for existence. Many have desired to live up to 80, 90, 100 and some even wish to live longer. While this desire to live long is a legitimate one, it often happens that people die when they least wished or expected.
Historically, women live longer than men and this trend may continue for centuries and perhaps longer. Even with the sizable risk conferred by childbirth, women lived longer than men in 1900, and it appears that women have out survived men at least since the 1500s, when the first reliable mortality data were kept. Sweden was the first country to collect data on death rates nationally; in that country's earliest records, between 1751 and 1790, the average life expectancy at birth was 36.6 years for women and 33.7 years for men.
Death rates in less developed countries, whose citizens have limited access to cars, guns and maternal care, also provide a measure of mortality before modernity. At present, the only countries in which male life expectancy exceeds that for females are those with long-standing sexual discrimination - including Bangladesh, India and Pakistan - where social pressures and practices such as female infanticide and bride-burning result in unique "losses" of females.
The fact that women live longer than men does not necessarily mean that they enjoy better health than men. It could be that women live with their diseases, while men die from them. Indeed, there is a difference between the sexes in disease patterns, with women having more chronic non-fatal conditions - such as arthritis, osteoporosis and autoimmune disorders - and men having more fatal conditions, such as heart disease and cancer.
According to the "World Health Statistics 2014" published in May 2014 by WHO people are now living longer everywhere. Based on global averages, a girl who was born in 2012 can expect to live to around 73 years, and a boy to the age of 68. This is six years longer than the average global life expectancy for a child born in 1990.
WHO’s annual statistics report shows that low-income countries have made the greatest progress, with an average increase in life expectancy by 9 years from 1990 to 2012. The top six countries where life expectancy increased the most were Liberia which saw a 20-year increase (from 42 years in 1990 to 62 years in 2012) followed by Ethiopia (from 45 to 64 years), Maldives (58 to 77 years), Cambodia (54 to 72 years), Timor-Leste (50 to 66 years) and Rwanda (48 to 65 years).
“An important reason why global life expectancy has improved so much is that fewer children are dying before their fifth birthday,” says Dr Margaret Chan, WHO Director-General. “But there is still a major rich-poor divide: people in high-income countries continue to have a much better chance of living longer than people in low-income countries.”
The World Health Statistics 2014 further shows that –
A boy born in 2012 in a high-income country can expect to live to the age of around 76 – 16 years longer than a boy born in a low-income country (age 60). For girls, the difference is even wider; a gap of 19 years separates life expectancy in high-income (82 years) and low-income countries (63 years).
Wherever they live in the world, women live longer than men. The gap between male and female life expectancy is greater in high-income countries where women live around six years longer than men. In low-income countries, the difference is around three years.
