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MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE This second volume in a new multi-volume set builds on the basic concepts and fundamentals laid out in the previous volume, presenting the reader with more advanced and cutting-edge topics being developed in this exciting field. This second volume in a new series from Wiley-Scrivener is the first of its kind to present scientific and technological innovations by leading academicians, eminent researchers, and experts around the world in the areas of mathematical sciences and computing. Building on what was presented in volume one, the chapters focus on more advanced topics in computer science, mathematics, and where the two intersect to create value for end users through practical applications. The chapters herein cover scientific advancements across a diversified spectrum that includes differential as well as integral equations with applications, computational fluid dynamics, nanofluids, network theory and optimization, control theory, machine learning and artificial intelligence, big data analytics, Internet of Things, cryptography, fuzzy automata, statistics, and many more. Readers of this book will get access to diverse ideas and innovations in the field of computing together with its growing interactions in various fields of mathematics. Whether for the engineer, scientist, student, academic, or other industry professional, this is a must-have for any library.

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Table of Contents

Cover

Series Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Preface

1 A Comprehensive Review on Text Classification and Text Mining Techniques Using Spam Dataset Detection

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Text Mining Techniques

1.3 Dataset and Preprocessing Steps

1.4 Feature Extraction

1.5 Supervised Machine Learning Classification

1.6 Evaluation

1.7 Experimentation and Discussion Results for Spam Detection Data

1.8 Text Mining Applications

1.9 Text Classification Support

1.10 Conclusions

References

2 Study of Lidar Signals of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Using Statistical Technique

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Methodology

2.3 Mathematical Background of Method

2.4 Example and Result

2.5 Conclusion and Future Scope

Acknowledgement

References

Annexure

3 Optimal Personalized Therapies in Colon Cancer Induced Immune Response using a Fokker-Planck Framework

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The Control Framework Based on Fokker-Planck Equations

3.3 Theoretical Results

3.4 Numerical Schemes

3.5 Results

3.6 Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

4 Detection and Classification of Leaf Blast Disease using Decision Tree Algorithm in Rice Crop

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Proposed Methodology

4.3 Result Analysis

4.4 Conclusion

4.5 Future Work

References

5 Novel Hybrid Optimal Deep Network and Optimization Approach for Human Face Emotion Recognition

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Related Work

5.3 System Model and Problem Statement

5.4 Proposed Model

5.5 Proposed HDC-GEN Classification

5.6 Result and Discussion

5.7 Conclusion

References

6 An Application of Information Technology in Adaptive Leadership of Ministry of Ayush During Pandemic of Covid 19: A Case Study

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Ministry of AYUSH

6.3 Leadership Principles and Practices by Ministry of AYUSH During Covid-19

6.4 Effective Communication

6.5 Sharing of Resources

6.6 Shared Decision Making

6.7 Training of Manpower

6.8 Use of IT Platform

6.9 Finding Opportunities for R&D During the Crisis

6.10 Collaborating with Stakeholders for International Day of Yoga (IDY)

6.11 Providing Hope When Nothing Seemed to be Working

6.12 Leveraging Old Knowledge

6.13 Conclusion

References

7 Encoder-Decoder Models for Protein Secondary Structure Prediction

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Literature Review

7.3 Experimental Work

7.4 Results and Discussion

7.5 Conclusion

References

8 Hesitancy, Awareness, and Vaccination: A Computational Analysis on Complex Networks

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Model Formulation

8.3 Model Analysis on Complex Network

8.4 Conclusions and Perspectives

References

9 Propagation of Seismic Waves in Porous Thermoelastic Semi-Infinite Space with Impedance Boundary Conditions

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Basic Equations

9.3 Problem Formulation

9.4 Reflection at the Free Surface

9.5 Numerical Results and Discussion

9.6 Conclusion

References

10 IoT Based Ensemble Predictive Techniques to Determine the Student Observing Analysis through E-Learning

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Review of Literature

10.3 Methodology

10.4 Analysis and Interpretation

10.5 Findings and Conclusion

References

11 Modelling and Analysis of a Congestion Dependent Queue with Bernoulli Scheduled Vacation Interruption and Client Impatience

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Model Overview

11.3 Model Analysis

11.4 Special Cases

11.5 Performance Metrics

11.6 Numerical Outcomes

11.7 Conclusion

References

12 Resource Allocation Determines Alternate Cell Fate in Bistable Genetic Switch

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Model Formulation

12.3 Result Section

12.4 Conclusion

Acknowledgement

References

13 A Hybrid Approach to Ontology Evaluation

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Background

13.3 The Developed OntoEva Method

13.4 Ontology Selection for Epilepsy Disorder

13.5 Results

13.6 Comparison of Ontologies

13.7 Conclusion

References

14 Smart Health Care Waste Segregation and Safe Disposal

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Related Works

14.3 System Architecture

14.4 Methodology

14.5 Mobile App

14.6 Conclusions and Future Works Declarations

Declarations

References

15 Investigation of Viscoelastic Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Flow Over an Expanded Lamina Surrounded in a Permeable Media

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Formulation of the Problem

15.3 Result and Argument

15.4 Conclusion

References

16 Quickest Multi-Commodity Contraflow with Non-Symmetric Traversal Times

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Preliminaries with Flow Models

16.3 QMCCF with Non-Symmetric Transit Times

16.4 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

17 A Mathematical Representation for Deteriorating Goods with a Trapezoidal-Type Demand, Shortages and Time Dependent Holding Cost

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Assumptions and Notations

17.3 Formulation and Solution

17.4 Numerical Example

17.5 Discussion

17.6 Inference

References

18 An Amended Moth Flame Optimization Algorithm Based on Fibonacci Search Approach for Solving Engineering Design Problems

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Classical MFO Algorithm

18.3 Proposed Method

18.4 Results and Discussions on IEEE CEC 2019 Benchmark Problems

18.5 Real-Life Applications

18.6 Conclusion with Future Studies

References

19 Image Segmentation of Neuronal Cell with Ensemble Unet Architecture

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Methods

19.3 Dataset

19.4 Implementation Details

19.5 Evaluation Metrics

19.6 Result

19.7 Conclusion

References

20 Automorphisms of Some Non-Abelian

p

−Groups of Order

p

4

20.1 Introduction

20.2 Categorization of

p-

Groups with Order

p

4

20.3 Number of Automorphisms of Some Non-Abelian Groups of Order

p

4

References

21 Viscoelastic Equation of p-Laplacian Hyperbolic Type with Logarithmic Source Term

21.1 Introduction

21.2 Preliminaries

21.3 Global Existence Result

21.4 Blow Up Results of the Solution for Equation (21.1)

References

22 Flow Dynamics in Continuous-Time with Average Arc Capacities 327

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Literature Review

22.3 Failure in Extension of AP to AAP

22.4 Formulation

22.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

23 Analysis of a Multiserver System of Queue-Dependent Channel Using Genetic Algorithm

23.1 Introduction

23.2 Description of the Model

23.3 Notations

23.4 Steady State Equations

23.5 Conclusions

References

24 An Approach to Ranking of Single Valued Neutrosophic Fuzzy Numbers Based on (

α

,

β

,

γ

) Cut Sets

24.1 Introduction

24.2 Definition and Representations

24.3 Proposed Method

24.4 Theorems

24.5 Numerical Examples

24.6 Conclusion

References

25 Performance Analysis of Database Models Based on Fuzzy and Vague Sets for Uncertain Query Processing

25.1 Introduction

25.2 Basic Definitions

25.3 Algorithm to Generate Membership Values

25.4 Real Life Applications

25.5 Conclusion

References

26 Estimating Error of Signals by Product Means (

C,

2) of the Fourier Series in a

W

(

L

r

,

ξ

(

t

))(

r

≥ 1) Class

26.1 Introduction

26.2 Known Result

26.3 Main Theorem

26.4 Some Auxiliary Results

26.5 Theorem’s Proof

26.6 Applications

26.7 Conclusion

Acknowledgement

References

About the Editors

Index

Also of Interest

End User License Agreement

Guide

Cover

Table of Contents

Series Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Preface

Begin Reading

About the Editors

Index

Also of Interest

End User License Agreement

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Scrivener Publishing100 Cummings Center, Suite 541JBeverly, MA 01915-6106

Advances in Data Engineering and Machine Learning

Series Editors: Niranjanamurthy M, PhD, Juanying XIE, PhD, and Ramiz Aliguliyev, PhD

Scope: Data engineering is the aspect of data science that focuses on practical applications of data collection and analysis. For all the work that data scientists do to answer questions using large sets of information, there have to be mechanisms for collecting and validating that information. Data engineers are responsible for finding trends in data sets and developing algorithms to help make raw data more useful to the enterprise.

It is important to have business goals in line when working with data, especially for companies that handle large and complex datasets and databases. Data Engineering Contains DevOps, Data Science, and Machine Learning Engineering. DevOps (development and operations) is an enterprise software development phrase used to mean a type of agile relationship between development and IT operations. The goal of DevOps is to change and improve the relationship by advocating better communication and collaboration between these two business units. Data science is the study of data. It involves developing methods of recording, storing, and analyzing data to effectively extract useful information. The goal of data science is to gain insights and knowledge from any type of data — both structured and unstructured.

Machine learning engineers are sophisticated programmers who develop machines and systems that can learn and apply knowledge without specific direction. Machine learning engineering is the process of using software engineering principles, and analytical and data science knowledge, and combining both of those in order to take an ML model that’s created and making it available for use by the product or the consumers. “Advances in Data Engineering and Machine Learning Engineering” will reach a wide audience including data scientists, engineers, industry, researchers and students working in the field of Data Engineering and Machine Learning Engineering.

Publishers at ScrivenerMartin Scrivener ([email protected])Phillip Carmical ([email protected])

Mathematics and Computer Science Volume 2

Edited by

Sharmistha Ghosh

M. Niranjanamurthy

Krishanu Deyasi

Biswadip Basu Mallik

and

Santanu Das

This edition first published 2023 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA© 2023 Scrivener Publishing LLCFor more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.

Wiley Global Headquarters111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA

For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.

Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of WarrantyWhile the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials, or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISBN 978-1-119-89632-6

Front cover images supplied by Wikimedia CommonsCover design by Russell Richardson

Preface

The mathematical sciences are part of nearly all aspects of everyday life. The discipline has underpinned such beneficial modern capabilities as internet searching, medical imaging, computer animation, weather prediction, and all types of digital communications. Mathematics is an essential component of computer science. Without it, you would find it challenging to make sense of abstract language, algorithms, data structures, or differential equations, all of which are necessary to fully appreciate how computers work. In a sense, computer science is just another field of mathematics. It does incorporate various other fields of mathematics, but then focuses those other fields on their use in computer science. Mathematics matters for computer science because it teaches readers how to use abstract language, work with algorithms, self-analyze their computational thinking, and accurately model real-world solutions. Algebra is used in computer programming to develop algorithms and software for working with math functions. It is also involved in design programs for numerical programs. Statistics is a field of math that deploys quantified models, representations, and synopses to conclude from data sets.

This book focuses on mathematics, computer science, and where the two intersect, including heir concepts and applications. It also represents how to apply mathematical models in various areas with case studies. The contents include 29 peer-reviewed papers, selected by the editorial team.