Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications E-Book

• Herausgeber: Bentham Science Publishers
• Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 200

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2006

Beschreibung

This book focuses on cases and studies of interest to mechanical engineers and industrial technicians. The considered applications in this volume are widely used in several industrial fields particularly in the automotive and aviation industries. Readers will understand the theory and techniques which are used in each application covered in each chapter.

The book contents include the following topics:

Numerical analysis of hydrokinetic turbines
Computational fluid dynamics of a CuO based nanofluid in mini-channel cross-sections
Orthodontic biomechanics of a NiTi arch wires
Reynold’s number effects on fluid flow through Savonius rotors
Effect of operating parameters on Zn-Mn alloys deposited from additive-free chloride bath
Optical properties and stability of a blue-emitting phosphor (Sr2P2O7:Eu2+) Under UV and VUV excitation
Numerical study of the influence of nanofluid type on thermal improvement in a three dimensional mini channel
Electrochemical studies and characterization of Zn-Mn coatings deposited in the presence of novel organic additives
Prediction of fire and smoke propagation under a range of external conditions
Structural design of a 10 kW H-Darrieus wind turbine

The presented case studies and development approaches aim to provide the readers, such as graduate students, PhD candidates and professionals with basic and applied information broadly related to mechanical engineering and technology.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

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Usage Rules:

Disclaimer:

Limitation of Liability:

General:

PREFACE

List of Contributors

Numerical Study of a Hydrokinetic Turbine

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Physical Model

Numerical Method

Computing Domain and Limit Conditions

Meshing

Numerical Settings

Comparison with Experimental Results

Results and Discussion

Magnitude Velocity

Static Pressure

Turbulent Kinetic Energy

Turbulence Eddy Dissipation

Eddy Viscosity

CONCLUDING REMARKS

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

CFD Simulation of the Heat Transfer using a Cuo-water Nano-fluid in Different Cross-sections of Mini-channels

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

STUDIED GEOMETRIES

Mathematical formulation

RESULTS AND INTERPRETATIONS

CONCLUSION

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Influence of the Force Delivery of Orthodontic NiTi Arch Wire on its Tribological Behavior

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Materials and Methods

Results

Microhardness Test

Tribological Response of NiTi Archwires

CONCLUDING REMARKS

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Reynolds Number Effects on the Flow through a Savonius Wind Rotor

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Material and method

Experimental methods

Experimental Results

Power Coefficient

Dynamic Torque Coefficient

Static Torque Coefficient

CONCLUSION

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Nomenclature

REFERENCES

Effect of Operating Parameters on Zn-Mn Alloys Deposited from Additive-free Chloride Bath

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

MATERIAL AND METHODS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Effect of the Current Density

Effect of Mn2+Concentration

Effect of Stirring on Mn Content

Morphology of Zn-Mn Alloys

CONCLUSION

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Optical Properties and Stability of a Blue-Emitting Phosphor Sr2P2O7:Eu2+ Under UV and VUV Excitation

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL

Sample Synthesis

Characterization Technique

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Phase Analysis

Solid-state NMR Spectroscopy

IR Spectroscopy

The Absorption of α-Sr2P2O7

PHOTOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES

UV- Vis SPECTROSCOPY

VUV Spectroscopy

Thermal Stability

CONCLUDING REMARKS

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Numerical Study of the Influence of Nano-fluid Type on Thermal Improvement in a Three Dimensional Mini Channel

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

STUDIED GEOMETRIES

MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION

RESULTS AND INTERPRETATIONS

CONCLUSION

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Electrochemical Studies and Characterization of Zn-Mn Coatings deposited in the presence of Novel Organic Additives

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS

Cyclic Voltammetry

Morphology and Composition Characterizations

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Zn Deposition

Mn Deposition

Zn-Mn Co-Deposition

Characterization of the Coatings

Chemical Composition of Zn-Mn Deposits

Morphological Characterisation of Zn-Mn Deposits

Structural Properties of Zn-Mn Coatings

CONCLUSION

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Prediction of Fire and Smoke Propagation under a Range of External Conditions

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Calculation Tool and Computational Domain

MATHEMATICAL MODELS

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Flame Shape without any External Wind or Ventilation

Fire and Water Mist Interaction

Forest Fire

Domestics and Urban Fire

CONCLUSIONS

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

NOMENCLATURE

REFERENCES

Structural Design of a 10 kW H-Darrieus Wind Turbine

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

TYPES OF WIND TURBINES AND THEIR ADVANTAGES and DISADVANTAGES [8, 9]

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (Hawt) [8]

WIND TURBINE COMPONENTS

Wind Turbine Design

Rotor Design

Wind Turbine Operation Parameters

Design Parameters

Generator Design (MADA)

Mast Design

Foundation

CONCLUDING REMARKS

CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

REFERENCES

Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications

(Volume 1)

Edited by

Zied Driss

Laboratory of Electromechanical Systems (LASEM)

National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS)

University of Sfax (US)

Sfax

Tunisia

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PREFACE

List of Contributors

Aïcha MbarekAdvanced Materials Laboratory, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP W 3038, Sfax, Tunisia Blaise Pascal University, Institute of Chemistry of Clermont-Ferrand, UMR 6296 CNRS, BP 10448, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, FranceAymen Mohamed KethiriLaboratory of Materials and Energy Engineering, University of Mohamed Khider Biskra, AlgeriaBelhi GueriraLaboratory of Mechanical Engineering, University of Mohamed Khider Biskra, AlgeriaInes Ben NaceurNational Engineering School of Sfax, Department of Materials Engineering and Environment(LGME) ENIS, B.P.W.1173 Sfax, TunisiaBlidi DjamelDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Structures Mechanics and Solids LMSS, Faculty of Technology, University Djillali Liabes Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, AlgeriaBouderne HamidDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Structures Mechanics and Solids LMSS, Faculty of Technology, University Djillali Liabes Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, AlgeriaFateh FerroudjiResearch Unit in Renewable Energy in Saharan Medium, Road of Reggane –Adra, AlgeriaKamel ChadiLaboratory of Materials and Energy Engineering, University of Mohamed Khider Biskra, AlgeriaKhaled ElleuchNational Engineering School of Sfax, Department of Materials Engineering and Environment(LGME) ENIS, B.P.W.1173 Sfax, TunisiaMabrouk MosbahiNational School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Laboratory of Electro-Mechanic Systems (LASEM), University of Sfax, Sfax, TunisiaMariem LajnefNational School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Laboratory of Electro-Mechanic Systems (LASEM), University of Sfax, Sfax, TunisiaMongi FekiLaboratory of Material Engineering and Environment, ENIS-Tunisia, University of Sfax, Sfax, TunisiaMouna DerbelAdvanced Materials Laboratory, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP W 3038, Sfax, TunisiaMiloua HadjDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Structures Mechanics and Solids LMSS, Faculty of Technology, University Djillali Liabes Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, AlgeriaNourredine BelgharLaboratory of Materials and Energy Engineering, University of Mohamed Khider Biskra, AlgeriaNouha LoukilLaboratory of Material Engineering and Environment, ENIS-Tunisia, University of Sfax, Sfax, TunisiaNora BoultifLaboratory of Materials and Energy Engineering, University of Mohamed Khider Biskra, AlgeriaSobhi FrikhaLaboratory of ElectroMechanical Systems (LASEM), National Engineering School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, 3038 Sfax, TunisiaSoummar AhmedDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory of Structures Mechanics and Solids LMSS, Faculty of Technology, University Djillali Liabes Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, AlgeriaSoumia BenboutaLaboratory of Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Batna 2, AlgeriaToufik OuattasLaboratory of Mechanics of Structures and Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Batna 2, AlgeriaZied DrissNational School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Laboratory of Electro-Mechanic Systems (LASEM), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia

Numerical Study of a Hydrokinetic Turbine

Mabrouk Mosbahi1,*,Mariem Lajnef1,Zied Driss1

1 National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Laboratory of Electro-Mechanic Systems (LASEM), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia

Abstract

Twisted Darrieus turbine was suggested as an amelioration of conventional Darrieus rotor by modifying it to have helical blades. This reform affords the twisted turbine better performances with regard to the conventional turbine. In this chapter, a computational study of a twisted Darrieus rotor was conducted through the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations. Different grid sizes were investigated to assess the impact of grid generation on the computing findings. The validation of the computing method with antecedent tests was carried out to select the adequate grid size. The flow characteristics of the water around the twisted Darrieus rotor have been assessed and discussed.

Keywords: CFD, Grid generation, Numerical simulations, Twisted blades, Unsteady state, URANS.

*Corresponding author Mabrouk Mosbahi: National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Laboratory of Electro-Mechanic Systems (LASEM), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; E-mail: [email protected]

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, the utilization of sustainable energy sources is necessary to lower greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere [1-4]. Among these green energy sources, hydropower is a sustainable energy source that might be developed in the future. Even though it can not fully substitute the non-renewable sources of energy, hydropower can be an interesting and green substitute [5-8]. Thus, it is required to investigate the hydrokinetic turbine design to produce electricity from the water current. The water turbines can be classified into two major kinds; the axial-flow rotors (AFR) and the cross-flow rotors (CFR). The simplicity of the blade shapes and the independence of the water current direction give the advantage to the CFR for the generation of small-scale hydropower with regard to the AFR. Because of the rising cost incurred in the experimental investigations, researchers have used CFD. (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and analytical methods [9-11]. The CFD procedure provides the ability to assess the characteristics of fluid flow around a hydraulic turbine that is hard to be assessed

using experimental methods. In this context, Moghimi and Motawej [12] carried out a computational test of a twisted Darrieus water rotor (TDWR). They investigated the impact of the twist angle on the operational parameters of the TDWR. In conclusion, the lowest coefficient of power value was obtained with a 120° twist angle. However, the peak one was recorded with a 30° twist angle at a tip-speed ratio value of 3.5. Bianchini et al. [13] carried out two-dimensional (2D) CFD investigations of the Darrieus water turbine. In conclusion, they confirmed that a 2D investigation gives the possibility to predict the performance parameters of the turbines with high accuracy and to visualize the flow characteristics around the rotor blades with moderate computational cost. Based on the FLUENT solver, Elbatran et al. [14] investigated a hydraulic turbine without and with deflector system at of. In conclusion, they confirmed that the value of 0.4375 was the optimal diameter ratio of the deflector system. Moreover, they affirmed that the performance of the hydraulic rotor could be risen by 78% using a ducted nozzle. The peak value of the coefficient of power reached 0.25 at a TSR of 0.73. Gorle et al. [15] computationally and experimentally tested a Darrieus water turbine. They analyzed the field of the fluid flow in the vicinity of the rotor and the performance parameters of the Darrieus rotor. Sarma et al. [16] investigated computationally and experimentally a Savonius rotor. They adopted FLUENT software to assess the operational parameters of the turbine for feeble speed boundary. Derakhshan et al. [17] conducted computational and experimental tests of a novel CFR. In conclusion, adequate operational parameters were obtained for area with height ratios and for a distance of 13×D between neighbor turbines in a four turbine farm. Using Ansys CFX, Marsh et al. [18