THE PRIVATE HISTORY OF A CAMPAIGN
THAT FAILED.
You have heard from a great many
people who did something in the war; is it not fair and right that
you listen a little moment to one who started out to do something
in it, but didn’t? Thousands entered the war, got just a taste of
it, and then stepped out again, permanently. These, by their very
numbers, are respectable, and are therefore entitled to a sort of
voice,—not a loud one, but a modest one; not a boastful one, but an
apologetic one. They ought not to be allowed much space among
better people—people who did something—I grant that; but they ought
at least to be allowed to state why they didn’t do anything, and
also to explain the process by which they didn’t do anything.
Surely this kind of light must have a sort of value.
Out West there was a good deal of
confusion in men’s minds during the first months of the great
trouble—a good deal of unsettledness, of leaning first this way,
then that, then the other way. It was hard for us to get our
bearings. I call to mind an instance of this. I was piloting on the
Mississippi when the news came that South Carolina had gone out of
the Union on the 20th of December, 1860. My pilot-mate was a New
Yorker. He was strong for the Union; so was I. But he would not
listen to me with any patience; my loyalty was smirched, to his
eye, because my father had owned slaves. I said, in palliation of
this dark fact, that I had heard my father say, some years before
he died, that slavery was a great wrong, and that he would free the
solitary negro he then owned if he could think it right to give
away the property of the family when
he was so straitened in means. My
mate retorted that a mere impulse was nothing—anybody could pretend
to a good impulse; and went on decrying my Unionism and libeling my
ancestry. A month later the secession atmosphere had considerably
thickened on the Lower Mississippi, and I became a rebel; so did
he. We were together in New Orleans, the 26th of January, when
Louisiana went out of the Union. He did his full share of the rebel
shouting, but was bitterly opposed to letting me do mine. He said
that I came of bad stock—of a father who had been willing to set
slaves free. In the following summer he was piloting a Federal
gun-boat and shouting for the Union again, and I was in the
Confederate army. I held his note for some borrowed money. He was
one of the most upright men I ever knew; but he repudiated that
note without hesitation, because I was a rebel, and the son of a
man who owned slaves.
In that summer—of 1861—the first
wash of the wave of war broke upon the shores of Missouri. Our
State was invaded by the Union forces. They took possession of St.
Louis, Jefferson Barracks, and some other points. The Governor,
Claib Jackson, issued his proclamation calling out fifty thousand
militia to repel the invader.
I was visiting in the small town
where my boyhood had been spent—Hannibal, Marion County. Several of
us got together in a secret place by night and formed ourselves
into a military company. One Tom Lyman, a young fellow of a good
deal of spirit but of no military experience, was made captain; I
was made second lieutenant. We had no first lieutenant; I do not
know why; it was long ago. There were fifteen of us. By the advice
of an innocent connected with the organization, we called ourselves
the Marion Rangers. I do not remember that any one found fault with
the name. I did not; I thought it sounded quite well. The young
fellow who proposed this title was perhaps a fair sample of the
kind of stuff we were made of. He was young, ignorant,
good-natured, well- meaning, trivial, full of romance, and given to
reading chivalric novels and singing forlorn love-ditties. He had
some pathetic little nickel-plated aristocratic instincts, and
detested his name, which was Dunlap; detested it, partly because it
was nearly as common in
that region as Smith, but mainly
because it had a plebeian sound to his ear. So he tried to ennoble
it by writing it in this way: d’Unlap. That contented his eye, but
left his ear unsatisfied, for people gave the new name the same old
pronunciation—emphasis on the front end of it. He then did the
bravest thing that can be imagined,—a thing to make one shiver when
one remembers how the world is given to resenting shams and
affectations; he began to write his name so: d’Un Lap. And he
waited patiently through the long storm of mud that was flung at
this work of art, and he had his reward at last; for he lived to
see that name accepted, and the emphasis put where he wanted it, by
people who had known him all his life, and to whom the tribe of
Dunlaps had been as familiar as the rain and the sunshine for forty
years. So sure of victory at last is the courage that can wait. He
said he had found, by consulting some ancient French chronicles,
that the name was rightly and originally written d’Un Lap; and said
that if it were translated into English it would mean Peterson:
Lap, Latin or Greek, he said, for stone or rock, same as the French
pierre, that is to say, Peter; d’, of or from; un, a or one; hence,
d’Un Lap, of or from a stone or a Peter; that is to say, one who is
the son of a stone, the son of a Peter—Peterson. Our militia
company were not learned, and the explanation confused them; so
they called him Peterson Dunlap. He proved useful to us in his way;
he named our camps for us, and he generally struck a name that was
“no slouch,” as the boys said.
That is one sample of us. Another
was Ed Stevens, son of the town jeweler,—trim-built, handsome,
graceful, neat as a cat; bright, educated, but given over entirely
to fun. There was nothing serious in life to him. As far as he was
concerned, this military expedition of ours was simply a holiday. I
should say that about half of us looked upon it in the same way;
not consciously, perhaps, but unconsciously. We did not think; we
were not capable of it. As for myself, I was full of unreasoning
joy to be done with turning out of bed at midnight and four in the
morning, for a while; grateful to have a change, new scenes, new
occupations, a new interest. In my
thoughts that was as far as I
went; I did not go into the details; as a rule one doesn’t at
twenty-four.
Another sample was Smith, the
blacksmith’s apprentice. This vast donkey had some pluck, of a slow
and sluggish nature, but a soft heart; at one time he would knock a
horse down for some impropriety, and at another he would get
homesick and cry. However, he had one ultimate credit to his
account which some of us hadn’t: he stuck to the war, and was
killed in battle at last.
Jo Bowers, another sample, was a
huge, good-natured, flax- headed lubber; lazy, sentimental, full of
harmless brag, a grumbler by nature; an experienced, industrious,
ambitious, and often quite picturesque liar, and yet not a
successful one, for he had had no intelligent training, but was
allowed to come up just any way. This life was serious enough to
him, and seldom satisfactory. But he was a good fellow anyway, and
the boys all liked him. He was made orderly sergeant; Stevens was
made corporal.
These samples will answer—and
they are quite fair ones. Well, this herd of cattle started for the
war. What could you expect of them? They did as well as they knew
how, but really what was justly to be expected of them? Nothing, I
should say. That is what they did.
We waited for a dark night, for
caution and secrecy were necessary; then, toward midnight, we stole
in couples and from various directions to the Griffith place,
beyond the town; from that point we set out together on foot.
Hannibal lies at the extreme southeastern corner of Marion County,
on the Mississippi River; our objective point was the hamlet of New
London, ten miles away, in Ralls County.
The first hour was all fun, all
idle nonsense and laughter. But that could not be kept up. The
steady trudging came to be like work; the play had somehow oozed
out of it; the stillness of the woods and the somberness of the
night began to throw a depressing influence over the spirits of the
boys, and presently the talking died out and each person shut
himself up in his own thoughts. During the last half of the second
hour nobody said a word.
Now we approached a log
farm-house where, according to report, there was a guard of five
Union soldiers. Lyman called a halt; and there, in the deep gloom
of the overhanging branches, he began to whisper a plan of assault
upon that house, which made the gloom more depressing than it was
before. It was a crucial moment; we realized, with a cold
suddenness, that here was no jest—we were standing face to face
with actual war. We were equal to the occasion. In our response
there was no hesitation, no indecision: we said that if Lyman
wanted to meddle with those soldiers, he could go ahead and do it;
but if he waited for us to follow him, he would wait a long
time.
Lyman urged, pleaded, tried to
shame us, but it had no effect. Our course was plain, our minds
were made up: we would flank the farm-house—go out around. And that
is what we did.
We struck into the woods and
entered upon a rough time, stumbling over roots, getting tangled in
vines, and torn by briers. At last we reached an open place in a
safe region, and sat down, blown and hot, to cool off and nurse our
scratches and bruises. Lyman was annoyed, but the rest of us were
cheerful; we had flanked the farm- house, we had made our first
military movement, and it was a success; we had nothing to fret
about, we were feeling just the other way. Horse-play and laughing
began again; the expedition was become a holiday frolic once
more.
Then we had two more hours of
dull trudging and ultimate silence and depression; then, about
dawn, we straggled into New London, soiled, heel-blistered, fagged
with our little march, and all of us except Stevens in a sour and
raspy humor and privately down on the war. We stacked our shabby
old shot-guns in Colonel Ralls’s barn, and then went in a body and
breakfasted with that veteran of the Mexican War. Afterwards he
took us to a distant meadow, and there in the shade of a tree we
listened to an old-fashioned speech from him, full of gunpowder and
glory, full of that adjective-piling, mixed metaphor, and windy
declamation which was regarded as eloquence in that ancient time
and that remote region; and then he swore us on the Bible to be
faithful to the State of Missouri and
drive all invaders from her soil,
no matter whence they might come or under what flag they might
march. This mixed us considerably, and we could not make out just
what service we were embarked in; but Colonel Ralls, the practiced
politician and phrase-juggler, was not similarly in doubt; he knew
quite clearly that he had invested us in the cause of the Southern
Confederacy. He closed the solemnities by belting around me the
sword which his neighbor, Colonel Brown, had worn at Buena Vista
and Molino del Rey; and he accompanied this act with another
impressive blast.
Then we formed in line of battle
and marched four miles to a shady and pleasant piece of woods on
the border of the far-reaching expanses of a flowery prairie. It
was an enchanting region for war— our kind of war.
We pierced the forest about half
a mile, and took up a strong position, with some low, rocky, and
wooded hills behind us, and a purling, limpid creek in front.
Straightway half the command were in swimming, and the other half
fishing. The ass with the French name gave this position a romantic
title, but it was too long, so the boys shortened and simplified it
to Camp Ralls.
We occupied an old maple-sugar
camp, whose half-rotted troughs were still propped against the
trees. A long corn-crib served for sleeping quarters for the
battalion. On our left, half a mile away, was Mason’s farm and
house; and he was a friend to the cause. Shortly after noon the
farmers began to arrive from several directions, with mules and
horses for our use, and these they lent us for as long as the war
might last, which they judged would be about three months. The
animals were of all sizes, all colors, and all breeds. They were
mainly young and frisky, and nobody in the command could stay on
them long at a time; for we were town boys, and ignorant of
horsemanship. The creature that fell to my share was a very small
mule, and yet so quick and active that it could throw me without
difficulty; and it did this whenever I got on it. Then it would
bray—stretching its neck out, laying its ears back, and spreading
its jaws till you could see down to its works. It was a
disagreeable animal, in every way. If I took it by the bridle and
tried
to lead it off the grounds, it
would sit down and brace back, and no one could budge it. However,
I was not entirely destitute of military resources, and I did
presently manage to spoil this game; for I had seen many a
steamboat aground in my time, and knew a trick or two which even a
grounded mule would be obliged to respect. There was a well by the
corn-crib; so I substituted thirty fathom of rope for the bridle,
and fetched him home with the windlass.
I will anticipate here
sufficiently to say that we did learn to ride, after some days’
practice, but never well. We could not learn to like our animals;
they were not choice ones, and most of them had annoying
peculiarities of one kind or another. Stevens’s horse would carry
him, when he was not noticing, under the huge excrescences which
form on the trunks of oak-trees, and wipe him out of the saddle; in
this way Stevens got several bad hurts. Sergeant Bowers’s horse was
very large and tall, with slim, long legs, and looked like a
railroad bridge. His size enabled him to reach all about, and as
far as he wanted to, with his head; so he was always biting
Bowers’s legs. On the march, in the sun, Bowers slept a good deal;
and as soon as the horse recognized that he was asleep he would
reach around and bite him on the leg. His legs were black and blue
with bites. This was the only thing that could ever make him swear,
but this always did; whenever the horse bit him he always swore,
and of course Stevens, who laughed at everything, laughed at this,
and would even get into such convulsions over it as to lose his
balance and fall off his horse; and then Bowers, already irritated
by the pain of the horse-bite, would resent the laughter with hard
language, and there would be a quarrel; so that horse made no end
of trouble and bad blood in the command.
However, I will get back to where
I was—our first afternoon in the sugar camp. The sugar-troughs came
very handy as horse-troughs, and we had plenty of corn to fill them
with. I ordered Sergeant Bowers to feed my mule; but he said that
if I reckoned he went to war to be dry-nurse to a mule, it wouldn’t
take me very long to find out my mistake. I believed that this was
insubordination, but I was full of uncertainties about everything
military, and so I let the thing
pass, and went and ordered Smith,
the blacksmith’s apprentice, to feed the mule; but he merely gave
me a large, cold, sarcastic grin, such as an ostensibly
seven-year-old horse gives you when you lift his lip and find he is
fourteen, and turned his back on me. I then went to the captain,
and asked if it was not right and proper and military for me to
have an orderly. He said it was, but as there was only one orderly
in the corps, it was but right that he himself should have Bowers
on his staff. Bowers said he wouldn’t serve on anybody’s staff; and
if anybody thought he could make him, let him try it. So, of
course, the thing had to be dropped; there was no other way.