Networked Sensing Systems E-Book
168,99 €
Mehr erfahren.
- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Networked Sensing Systems is essential for anyone seeking innovative and sustainable solutions across diverse sectors. It explores the integration of cutting-edge IoT technologies and digital transformation aimed at enhancing resource efficiency and addressing climate change challenges.
With today’s advancements in wireless and mobile connectivity, Internet of Things (IoT) sensor technologies, and digital innovation, sustainability principles are increasingly reinforcing one another. To transition to more resource-efficient solutions, use resources responsibly, and streamline operations, businesses must embrace digital transformation. Potential application areas include energy management, air pollution monitoring, fleet management, water management, and agriculture. Simultaneously, the expansion of IoT deployments and their integration into the contexts of 5G and emerging 6G mobile networking necessitate that the solutions themselves be green and sustainable. This includes incorporating energy- and environmentally-conscious technical solutions for communications.
By offering previously unattainable solutions, networked sensing can contribute to a more sustainable society by enabling the collection of data from heterogeneous sources in unique and novel ways. Additionally, the networking-based solutions themselves must be sustainable and environmentally friendly. For example, optimizing network architecture and relocating network equipment to strategic locations can significantly reduce energy waste. These goals drive the search for improved sensing technologies, emphasizing energy-efficient mobile sensing devices.
The goal of Networked Sensing Systems is to present and highlight the latest developments in sustainable networked sensing systems across a variety of contexts, all united by the aim of enhancing human well-being and combating climate change. Regardless of the area of expertise, this work seeks to offer practical solutions to the major challenges of building a sustainable smart society 5.0. This book serves as a platform to discuss networked sensing systems for a sustainable society, focusing on systems and applications based on mobile computing and wireless networks, while adopting multidisciplinary approaches that emphasize the human element in addressing these challenges.
Sie lesen das E-Book in den Legimi-Apps auf:
Seitenzahl: 576
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2025
Ähnliche
Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
1 Introduction to Network Sensing Systems in Society 5.0: Issues and Challenges
1.1 What is Society 5.0?
1.2 Network Sensing Systems in Society 5.0
1.3 Issues and Challenges
1.4 Encryption and Decryption Techniques: Safeguarding Data Integrity
1.5 Understanding Interoperability on Society 5.0
1.6 Importance of Robust Communication and Power Plans
1.7 Environmental Effects and Energy Efficiency
1.8 Utilizing Renewable Energy Sources
1.9 Conclusion
References
2 Remote and Urban Environmental Area Sensing, Connectivity Issues, and Solutions Based on Emerging Technologies
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Connectivity Challenges in Urban Remote Sensing
2.3 Artificial Intelligence for Enhancing Data Processing and Analysis
2.4 Case Study
2.5 Frameworks for Integrating Multiple Data Sources
2.6 The Possible Effects of Next-Generation Connectivity and 5G
2.7 Conclusion
References
3 Efficient Network and Communication Technologies for Smart and Sustainable Society 5.0
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Literature Survey
3.3 Internet of Things for Smart Connectivity
3.4 Next-Generation Cutting Edge Communication Technologies: 5G and Beyond
3.5 Edge Computing: Decentralized Processing for Low Latency
3.6 Blockchain Technology: Securing Data Integrity and Trust
3.7 Artificial Intelligence in Network Optimization
3.8 Energy-Efficient Networking for Sustainability in Society 5.0
3.9 Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing Efficient Network Technologies
3.10 Future Directions and Recommendations
3.11 Conclusion
References
4 Advanced Techniques for Human-Centric Sensing in Environmental Monitoring
4.1 Introduction
4.2 A Basic Human-Centric Sensing Mechanism
4.3 Types of Advanced HCS Environmental Monitoring System
4.4 Applications in Environmental Monitoring
4.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
5 Energy-Aware System for Dynamic Workflow Scheduling in Cloud Data Centers: A Genetic Algorithm with DQN Approach
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Related Works
5.3 Dynamic Workflow Scheduling System
5.4 Problem Formulation and Proposed System Architecture
5.5 Simulation Set-Up and Experimental Results
5.6 Conclusion
References
6 Efficient Load Balancing and Resource Allocation in Networked Sensing Systems—An Algorithmic Study
6.1 Introduction to the Networked Sensing Systems
6.2 Understanding the Load Balancing Challenges
6.3 Importance of Efficient Resource Allocation
6.4 Overview of Existing Approaches
6.5 Artificial Intelligence for Resource Handing
6.6 Real-World Applications
6.7 Performance Metrics
6.8 Research Directions
6.9 Conclusion and Future Work
Acknowledgments
References
7 Sustainable Cities and Communities: Role of Network Sensing System in Action
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Literature Review
7.3 Proposed Study
7.4 Performance Analysis
7.5 Mapping of Topology with Smart City’s Applications
7.6 Conclusion
References
8 Air Pollution Monitoring and Control Via Network Sensing Systems in Smart Cities
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Related Works
8.3 Air Quality System
8.4 Air Quality Monitoring Techniques
8.5 Conventional Air Pollution Monitoring
8.6 Wireless Sensor Network for Air Monitoring
8.7 Architecture of Wireless Sensor Networks
8.8 WSN-Based Air Pollution Monitoring in Smart Cities
8.9 Conclusion
References
9 Interconnected Healthcare 5.0 Ecosystems: Enhancing Patient Care Using Sensor Networks
9.1 Introduction to Healthcare 5.0
9.2 Real-Time Monitoring Using Sensor Networks
9.3 Advancements in Remote Patient Monitoring
9.4 Early Disease Detection Through Sensor Networks
9.5 Leveraging Multisensor Data for Comprehensive Health Insights
9.6 Security Measures for Protected Health Information
9.7 Overcoming Infrastructure and Connectivity Barriers
9.8 Improving Treatment Plans Through Sensor-Generated Insights
9.9 Conclusion
References
10 Farming 4.0: Cultivating the Future with Internet of Things Empowered on Smart Agriculture Solutions
10.1 Introduction to Smart Agriculture and IoT Integration
10.2 IoT Sensor Networks in Farming
10.3 Smart Pest and Disease Control in Crop Production
10.4 Automation and Robotics in Agriculture
10.5 Cloud Computing for Agricultural Data Management
10.6 Big Data Analytics for Predictive Farming
10.7 Sustainable Practices with IoT in Agriculture
10.8 The Future Landscape of Farming 4.0
10.9 Conclusion
References
11 Public Safety Management in Smart Society 5.0: A Blockchain-Based Approach
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Security Challenges in Society 5.0
11.3 Blockchain in Society 5.0
11.4 Conclusion
References
12 Virtualization of Smart Society 5.0 Using Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality
12.1 Introduction to Smart Society 5.0
12.2 Foundations of Virtual Reality
12.3 Artificial Intelligence in Smart Societies
12.4 Integration of AI and VR
12.5 AI and VR in Education
12.6 Smart Society 5.0 Healthcare Innovations
12.7 Challenges and Future Directions
12.8 Conclusion
References
13 Battery Power Management Schemes Integrated with Industrial IoT for Sustainable Industry Development
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Current Battery Technologies
13.3 Battery Energy Storage and Management
13.4 IoT and Cloud Computing Technology in BMS
13.5 Sustainable Developments via BMS
13.6 Conclusion
References
14 Trends, Advances, and Applications of Network Sensing Systems
14.1 Introduction to Network Sensing Systems
14.2 Real-Time Trends in Sensor Technology
14.3 Advancements in Data Analytics
14.4 Applications in Healthcare
14.5 Natural Disaster Detection with Response
14.6 Agricultural Sensing Systems
14.7 Intelligent Transportation Systems
14.8 Smart City Applications
14.9 Challenges
14.10 Conclusion
References
About the Editors
Index
Also of Interest
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 3
Table 3.1 Evolutionary process of human societies.
Table 3.2 Transition from Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0.
Table 3.3 Critical technologies shaping smart and sustainable Society 5.0.
Chapter 5
Table 5.1 Simulation configuration settings.
Table 5.2 Evaluation of makespan.
Table 5.3 Evaluation of energy consumption.
Chapter 6
Table 6.1 Comparative study of protocols with efficient resource allocation.
Chapter 7
Table 7.1 Performance comparison of WSN based on topologies.
Table 7.2 Numerical analysis of performances.
Chapter 8
Table 8.1 Average composition of pure air.
Table 8.2 Various sensor technologies that detect air pollution.
Chapter 9
Table 9.1 Comparison of various services in the healthcare industry.
Chapter 10
Table 10.1 Key components and applications.
Chapter 13
Table 13.1 Evolution of a battery.
Table 13.2 Parameters of Li-ion micro-batteries.
Table 13.3 Details of various battery management of components.
Table 13.4 Identification of research gap.
Chapter 14
Table 14.1 Evolution of wearable sensor technology.
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 Interaction of society 5.0 and the current society.
Figure 1.2 Industry 5.0—pyramid with human-centric technique.
Figure 1.3 Cloud analyses data for AI.
Figure 1.4 Key characteristics of resilient features.
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Evolution of industry.
Figure 3.2 Evolution of Society 1.0 to Society 5.0.
Figure 3.3 The outline of Society 5.0.
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 Various human-centric mechanisms.
Figure 4.2 Citizen science monitoring.
Figure 4.3 Community-based monitoring.
Figure 4.4 Participatory sensing.
Figure 4.5 Social media analysis.
Figure 4.6 Ethnographic studies.
Figure 4.7 Functional block of multispectral sensors.
Figure 4.8 Functional block of LiDAR sensors.
Figure 4.9 Hyperspectral sensors.
Figure 4.10 Photogrammetry sensors.
Figure 4.11 Smart sensors.
Figure 4.12 Wireless network technology.
Figure 4.13 Passive sensing technology.
Figure 4.14 Activity recognition technology.
Figure 4.15 Gesture recognition technology.
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 The general architecture of job scheduling in cloud computing.
Figure 5.2 Basic architecture of genetic algorithm.
Figure 5.3 DQN for dynamic workflow scheduling.
Figure 5.4 Hybrid approach of GA–DQN for workflow scheduling.
Figure 5.5 Makespan computation. (a) Uniform distribution of tasks, (b) normal...
Figure 5.6 Energy consumption. (a) Uniform distribution of tasks, (b) normal d...
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Load balancing in the cloud environment.
Figure 6.2 AI for load balancing and resource allocation—block diagram.
Figure 6.3 AI Algorithms for load balancing and resource allocation.
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 Popular topology in a smart city.
Figure 7.2 Performance evaluation of WSN based on topology on different parame...
Figure 7.3 Star topology-based Smart parking model.
Figure 7.4 Mesh topology-based smart grid network.
Figure 7.5 Tree topology for Smart classroom student.
Figure 7.6 Ring topology clustering for Smart healthcare.
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Wireless sensor network.
Figure 8.2 Network topology.
Figure 8.3 Zigbee communication layers.
Figure 8.4 Wireless sensor network architecture.
Figure 8.5 Sensor applications in smart cities.
Figure 8.6 Structure of air pollution.
Figure 8.7 Wireless sensor network-based air pollution.
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 Evolution of Healthcare 5.0.
Figure 9.2 Real-time monitoring of sensor networks.
Figure 9.3 Advancements in remote patient monitoring systems.
Figure 9.4 Early detection through wireless body sensor networks.
Figure 9.5 Analytics with real-world insights.
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 Smart farming in a sustainable environment.
Figure 10.2 Smart farming with IoT sensors.
Figure 10.3 Robotics in agriculture Farming 4.0.
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 Google worldwide trends for the search term “blockchain” and “smar...
Figure 11.2 Features of blockchain.
Figure 11.3 Role of blockchain to mitigate the pollution caused by industries....
Figure 11.4 Overview of identity management using blockchain.
Figure 11.5 Blockchain to facilitate the 3 P’s, i.e., Patients, Payers, and Pr...
Figure 11.6 Blockchain application enabling traceability in the supply chain....
Figure 11.7 Tokenizing physical assets using blockchain technology.
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 Evolution of society.
Figure 12.2 Virtual reality.
Figure 12.3 Explanation of AI.
Figure 12.4 Applications of AI in healthcare.
Figure 12.5 Applications of AI in transportation.
Figure 12.6 Applications of AI in education.
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1 A typical layout of BMS.
Figure 13.2 Selected battery technologies’ specific energy and energy density....
Figure 13.3 Battery electrode terminals.
Figure 13.4 Metal–air batteries’ theoretical specific energy.
Figure 13.5 The IoT protection of a battery management system.
Figure 13.6 Crucial application of BMS.
Figure 13.7 Details of battery parameters.
Figure 13.8 Data mining engine architecture.
Figure 13.9 Cloud computing for equipment batteries.
Figure 13.10 Cloud technology to improve battery life.
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1 General structure of network sensor systems.
Figure 14.2 Key trends in sensor technology.
Figure 14.3 Advancements in data analytics.
Figure 14.4 Big data analytics advantages.
Figure 14.5 Big data analytics for sensor data.
Figure 14.6 Network sensor in healthcare applications.
Figure 14.7 Real-time disaster detection systems with the response.
Figure 14.8 Sensor networks in agriculture.
Figure 14.9 Smart city applications.
Guide
Cover Page
Table of Contents
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Begin Reading
About the Editors
Index
Also of Interest
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
Pages
ii
iii
iv
xvii
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
Scrivener Publishing100 Cummings Center, Suite 541JBeverly, MA 01915-6106
Publishers at ScrivenerMartin Scrivener ([email protected])Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
Networked Sensing Systems
Edited by
Rajesh Kumar Dhanaraj
Malathy Sathyamoorthy
Balasubramaniam S
and
Seifedine Kadry
This edition first published 2025 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA© 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLCFor more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions.
Wiley Global Headquarters111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
For details of our global editorial offices, customer services, and more information about Wiley products visit us at www.wiley.com.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of WarrantyWhile the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchant-ability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials, or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 9781394310869
Front cover images supplied by Pixabay.comCover design by Russell Richardson
Preface
With today’s improvements in wireless and mobile connectivity, Internet of Things (IoT) sensor technologies, and digital innovation, sustainability principles have started to reinforce one another. To switch to more resource-efficient solutions, use resources responsibly, and streamline operations, businesses must embrace digital transformation. Energy management, air pollution monitoring, fleet management, water management, and agriculture are a few examples of potential actuation sectors. Simultaneously, the expansion of IoT deployments and their integration into the contexts of 5G and upcoming 6G mobile networking necessitate that the solutions themselves be green and sustainable, incorporating, for instance, the use of energy- and environmentally-aware technical solutions for communications.
By offering previously unattainable solutions, networking can contribute to a more sustainable society by enabling the collection of data from new and heterogeneous sources in unique ways and from novel sources using novel technology. In addition, the networking-based solution itself needs to be sustainable or environmentally friendly. For instance, changing the network architecture and moving network equipment to key locations can reduce wasteful energy use. These goals drive the search for solutions, which range from “better” and novel sensing objects that need to be energy-efficient using mobile sensing devices.
The goal of “Networked Sensing Systems” is to present and highlight the most recent developments in sustainable networked sensing systems in a variety of contexts with the common goal of enhancing human well-being and halting climate change. Regardless of their area of expertise, the objective is to offer workable solutions that meet the major problems and difficulties in building a sustainable smart society 5.0. This book will serve as a potential platform to discuss networked sensing systems for a sustainable society, namely systems and applications based on mobile computers and wireless networks, while taking into account multidisciplinary approaches that emphasise the human element in resolving these difficulties.
1Introduction to Network Sensing Systems in Society 5.0: Issues and Challenges
Ankit Kumar, Anurag Kumar Kanojiya and Subitha D.*
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, India
Abstract
Network Sensing System in Society 5.0 provides unprecedented connectivity and data-driven solutions to numerous societal problems. But they also raise many questions and problems that need to be resolved to ensure they are used effectively and fairly. This content explores the key issues and challenges of the Society 5.0 community. Since sensors collect and transmit a lot of data continuously, data privacy and security become an important issue. Strong protection and encryption are required to prevent data from leakage, unauthorized access, and misuse. The integration and data sharing of many sensors and protocols depend on the interoperability and standardization of the sensor. So, the systems can be made more scalable and efficient using different structures and procedures. Transparency, impartiality, and fairness are among some of the ethical concerns under data analysis and algorithmic decision making. So, it is necessary to take necessary actions to ensure fair results and get rid of biases to maintain trust and prevent bad outcomes. Network Detection System 5.0 focuses on reliable power plans and strong communication methods; therefore, infrastructure flexibility and dependability are very important. Such vulnerabilities in the systems might have the potential to cause disturbances and may interfere with vital activities. Hence, it is necessary to invest in redundancy and resilience in infrastructure. Energy and safety are important issues due to the environmental impact of sensors and data processing. Energy-efficient solutions and renewable energy sources can reduce these impacts and promote sustainability. The development of technology, policy, and business management creates uncertainty about responsibility and control. Guidelines and policies should be developed to address legal, ethical, and social issues while promoting innovation and community service. Public trust and acceptance are key to implementing Network Detection System 5.0. Transparent communication, community engagement, and meaningful feedback are critical to solving privacy, security, and consequence issues.
Keywords: Interoperability, standardization, transparency, energy efficiency, renewable smart grid, robust communication
1.1 What is Society 5.0?
Society 5.0 represents an enormous evolution in how data are accumulated, processed, and implemented to enhance various components of human existence [1–3]. While the idea of making use of statistics to improve efficiency and comfort is not always new, Society 5.0 distinguishes itself by means of expanding the scope of application throughout society in an incorporated manner. Unlike previous iterations, wherein computerized structures operated within specific domain names, like temperature control or transportation, Society 5.0 envisions a complete technique to optimizing all aspects of lifestyles.
The key distinction lies in the basic integration of structures to ensure happiness and safety in various sectors as well as strength, transportation, healthcare, buying, training, employment, amusement, and so forth. In Society 5.0, the focus shifts from isolated solutions to interconnected structures that work together seamlessly. This community allows the gathering of numerous certain real-world facts that are then processed by means of AI and other state-of the-art IT structures. What sets Society 5.0 apart is the ability to use these vast amounts of data to directly shape human behavior and actions resulting in a more fulfilling and richer lifestyle Unlike previous models where data guide only individual policies, Society 5.0 influences social behavior at a broad scale. Essentially, Society 5.0 creates an iterative cycle of constantly collecting, analyzing, and transforming data into meaningful insights that improve tangible real-world results This cycle works across society and ensures that the benefits of data-driven decision making extend to all aspects of human life. As we dive deeper into the discussion, it is clear that Citizenship 5.0 represents a significant step forward in social improvement and embodies a future where data-driven insights pave the way for a happier, more comfortable society promising sustainability.
1.1.1 Advancements in Society 5.0 Over Society 4.0
Society 5.0 represents a significant advancement over Society 4.0 addressing various issues and challenges while offering significant improvements in several key areas. Let us see how Society 5.0 is superior to its predecessor and overcomes the limitations faced in Society 4.0 depicted in Figure 1.1.
1.1.2 Integration and Interconnectivity
Using Cyber-Physical Systems and the Internet of Things, Society 4.0 introduced the idea of connection between machines. However, those systems were mostly functioning in isolation, which resulted in dispersed data and ineffective system-to-device connection. Also, it had a vast communication gap between the interconnected devices. Society 5.0, forces integration and relationships between different entities. It made it easier for systems and domains to work jointly and communicate with one another promoting complete optimization and combined interactions.
Figure 1.1 Interaction of society 5.0 and the current society.
1.1.3 Data Utilization and Analysis
Although Society 4.0 placed a force or intensity of expression that gives impressiveness or importance to something on connection and data collecting, it had created some trouble with the in-efficient use and analysis of the large volumes of data. The extraction of significant insights was hampered by no longer used or useful analytical methodologies and limited processing capabilities. Society 5.0 leverages advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Big Data analytics to unlock the full potential of data. It employs sophisticated algorithms to analyze complex datasets in real time extracting actionable insights to drive decision making and innovation.
1.1.4 Personalization and Customization
Based on the user’s preferences and actions, Society 4.0 introduced customized experiences and services. However, these efforts have largely failed due to a lack of awareness of unique needs and preferences. By exploiting complicated AI algorithms to analyze a wealth of information about unique interests, behaviors and situations, Society 5.0 elevates personalization to a new level. This can provide highly customized and flexible experiences in various sectors such as retail, healthcare, and education.
1.1.5 Sustainability and Ethical Considerations
Society 4.0 [4] largely ignores the problem of sustainability and ethics by prioritizing economic expansion and technological development. Rapid technological progress has worsened social inequality and destroyed the environment. Society 5.0 involves a balanced and holistic policy approach, with a strong emphasis on social responsibility, ethics, and the environment. It seeks to use technology for the greater good in addition to promoting equity, environmental protection, and ethical decision making at all levels of life with greater integration, improved data management, customized experiences, navigation, ethical considerations, and human-centered design. Society 5.0 has a huge step up from Society 4.0.
1.1.6 Human-Centric Design and Empowerment
Automation and digitization [5, 6] were brought about by Society 4.0 [4], while it was criticized for putting efficiency and productivity above the empowerment and welfare of people. Workers often believed that methods pushed by technology were forcing them out or excluding them. Humanizing design and empowerment are given the most importance in Society 5.0 in Figure 1.2 ensuring that technology advances, rather than eclipses, mankind. To increase creativity, productivity, and well-being, it promotes the growth of human potential using technology and promotes cooperation between people and machines.
Figure 1.2 Industry 5.0—pyramid with human-centric technique.
1.2 Network Sensing Systems in Society 5.0
Society 5.0 is characterized by extensive integration, advanced data testing, reputation stability, and the concept of web sentiment processing as the core represents a well-designed basic system, and it is a real analysis of high sensitivity and elevation analysis. Monitoring world events, analytics, trends and in real time, networked sensing systems play a key role in enabling seamless and streamlined integration of various social services from transportation and healthcare to energy management and urban planning through community development.
Data-driven decision-making principle [7] is a foundation of sensing systems based on networks, where data from IoT devices, sensors, and social media platforms are collected in real time from diverse sources. This information stream offers invaluable insights into the complex nature of the dynamics of the society and allows the stakeholders to make smart decisions about how to prevent the emerging problems and take advantage of the opportunities. Through application of advanced data analytics methods, including machine learning and predictive modeling, network sensing systems can obtain actionable information from the data, and this information can then be applied to activities such as predictive maintenance, resource optimization, and risk management.
In addition to that, network sensing system in Society 5.0 also promotes creative and user-friendly design and public participation resulting in technological developments that serve people’s needs and goals. Because of increase in openness, involvement, and democratic governing bodies, these systems have encouraged civilians to be the designers of their urban environments, health services, and transportation systems. Citizen feedback mechanisms and mutually beneficial decision-making platforms in network sensing systems increase stakeholder participation promoting citizen contact and giving them chance to participate in decision-making processes. Moreover, network sensing system in Society 5.0 do follow some ethical and sustainable principles by trying to protect privacy and data security to promote social fairness and reduce negative effect on the environment. These systems use smart meters, sensors for monitoring the environment, and renewable energy technologies to make it simpler to use resources more efficiently, reduce carbon production, and promote environment-friendly behavior. Furthermore, moral standards, encryption technologies, and data privacy rules assure private data security while maintaining public trust in the digital economy.
1.3 Issues and Challenges
1.3.1 Data Privacy and Security
Modeled upon a data-driven society [8], Society 5.0 stresses the concept of data-driven decision making and its capacity to impact growth in society. This viewpoint deviates from the traditional comprehension of the media by prioritizing data in the advancement of societal development. In the context of Society 5.0, data are more than just processed information; it also serves as a catalyst for practical findings that inspire transformative change in a wide range of sectors. The core data-driven society in Society 5.0 is enshrined in the Japanese government’s “Development Plan 2018,” where two terms explicitly reflect the data-driven society, as described in official documents in the field of computer physical systems (CPS) [9] and the Internet of Things (IoT) [10], which harnesses the power to digitize networks in various industrial sectors. This digitization facilitates the collection of vast amounts of data, which is then transformed into actionable intelligence and applied to real-world situations into, thereby increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of decision-making processes.
The evolution of how data affects the real world of Society 5.0 is multifaceted. First, data indirectly influence social outcomes through human decision-making processes. For example, traditional approaches to urban planning have limited data sources which prevents the accuracy of the decision making process, but in a data-driven society [26], real-time data from multiple sources resides that smartphones, CCTV cameras, and transport cards provide a comprehensive understanding of cities dynamics empower stakeholders to make informed decisions, and thus the public fabric. Second, the public use of data in Society 5.0 is characterized by the direct impact of data through automated processes. For example, the complexity of adapting traffic signals to different needs for traffic management is beyond human capacity. In response, AI-controlled systems [11] use continuous input data to iteratively adjust control algorithms independently adapting to changing conditions and traffic. This paradigm shift from human- to AI-controlled systems model data as the primary driver of social work in Society 5.0.
More specifically, Society 5.0 indicates an evolution of paradigms toward a data-driven society in which data go beyond its usual use as information to become an essential part of social progress. By using data, Society 5.0 aims to improve efficiency, encourage innovation across a range of industries, and affect decision-making processes, for example. Data have a crucial role in deciding the future of society, as shown by the revolutionary potential of data-driven techniques, which use innovations in traffic management and urban planning as examples.
1.3.2 Importance of Privacy and Security
Operational approach of Society 5.0 revolves around the use of data to drive out societal progress; a huge responsibility is devolved to data privacy and security [12–14]. These two fundamental elements are very indispensable for sustaining data management integrity and for ethical application of the data. With the data increasingly decisive in the making decisions and also transforming societies, a major concern that should be taken care of is the confidentiality of the data and the privacy of an individuals’ information.
Surveillance of the information is the basis for the reliability and credibility of the stakeholders, which should be based on data privacy and also security. Through the application of well-defined regulations and protocols, organizations not only mitigate many legal risks but also create a platform that allows them to publicize the data and innovate. Obedience with the legal frameworks as GDPR and also CCPA is very critical reflecting the accountable control of the ethical data and also responsibility.
Strong security mechanisms [24], including encryption and access control, ensure the checking on the possible threats, such as data breaches and also unauthorized access. This preventive approach reduces the chance of misuse and enhances the secure handling of the data across the whole digital territory. Ethical considerations assume the first place in the directing of the data use in proper ways. Maintaining the privacy rights of the individuals and ensuring equality of the access to data are ethically very important components of the stewardship, which both promote openness and accountability within the data-driven environment.
Furthermore, the safeguard of data confidentiality and privacy will provide a secure platform for the development of innovation in the social structure of Society 5.0. Through such way of confining research and experiments on the data, organizations, in turn, will be able to continue innovating, and the technology will keep on being improved while protecting their intellectual property rights, and also assuring data integrity. In fact, data privacy and also security are not luxury building blocks of humanization in Society 5.0. At every stage of use, there is integration of these living organisms into data-driven decision-making processes, which guarantees just and responsible utilization of data to promote innovation and drive social change.
1.4 Encryption and Decryption Techniques: Safeguarding Data Integrity
Encryption and decryption methods are essential for guaranteeing the security, confidentiality, and integrity of sensitive data in the era of Society 5.0, when data are the essential resource for society. By making data illegible for unauthorized users and reducing the likelihood of unlawful access and exploitation, these techniques serve as the cornerstone of data protection initiatives. Let us explore the complexities of encryption and how it is decrypted in the context of Society 5.0. In Society 5.0 ecosystems, encryption is the first line of defense for data security [12]. Different encryption techniques are used to convert plaintext data into cipher text. Symmetric Encryption is the method that encrypts and decrypts data using the same key. One of the most straightforward symmetric encryption [15] methods is the Caesar Cipher [16], which is also one of the simplest to break. Many additional symmetric encryption [15] methods have since been developed by cryptologists, including some that are currently in use to encrypt data like passwords. Asymmetric Encryption [17], also referred to as public-key cryptography, is a type of data encryption in which the matching decryption key, also known as the private key, and the encryption key, also known as the public key, are distinct. Only the matching private key can be used to decrypt an exchange that has been encrypted using the public key. In Society 5.0 contexts, key exchange techniques and secure communication channels are made available by algorithms like Elliptic Curve Cryptography [18] (ECC) and Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) [19]. Homomorphic Encryption [20] is an enhanced technique for encryption that preserves data privacy and encourages data analysis and interaction by enabling computations to be done on encrypted data without the need for decryption.
1.4.1 Decryption Technology
Decryption is the process of restoring encrypted text information to its original text allowing users to securely access encrypted information. Key technical points include the following:
Key Management: Effective management of encryption keys is crucial for a secure decryption process. Key management systems, including key identification, storage, rotation and destruction, ensure the confidentiality and integrity of encryption keys [19] in a community 5.0 environment.
Authentication: Verifying the user’s identity and providing appropriate decryption authority are crucial to ensuring data security. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) [21] and biometric authentication [21] methods increase the security of the decryption process and reduce the risk of unauthorized access.
Decryption Algorithm: Using an industry-standard decryption algorithm corresponding to the encryption method used is crucial for successful data decryption. The organization uses advanced decryption algorithms to ensure data integrity and confidentiality throughout the decryption process.
1.4.2 Challenges and Decisions
While encryption and decryption technologies provide significant benefits in data protection in Society 5.0, some challenges and decisions need to be addressed as follows:
Performance: Strong Encryption algorithm will increase performance And affects system latency and response capacity. Security measures along with performance considerations are necessary for the integration of communication and decryption technologies.
Key Management Complexity: Managing encryption keys across multiple systems and platforms can be complex. Implementing a strong key management and encryption key management solution is critical to managing key lifecycles.
Compliance: When using encryption and decryption technologies, data protection laws and regulations (such as GDPR and CCPA) [22] must be followed. For staying within the law and fulfill regulatory requirements, it is really important to make sure that encryption solutions follow the rules set by regulators. Encryption and decryption strategies are vital for retaining data integrity and secrecy in Society 5.0. Organizations can shield sensitive records in information-pushed ecosystems by way of using robust encryption algorithms, effective key management techniques, and solid decryption techniques.
1.4.3 Interoperability Challenges in Society 5.0: A Tripping Block on the Road to a Hyperconnected Future
Society 5.0, which promises us of a hyper-connected and intelligent society, promises a future in which technology smoothly integrates into all aspects of our life. Consider a scenario in which smart cities optimize traffic flow, linked homes anticipate our wants, and intelligent healthcare systems deliver individualized treatment. However, this utopian vision is dependent on a critical factor: compatibility.
1.5 Understanding Interoperability on Society 5.0
Interoperability refers to the capability of various systems and gadgets to communicate and trade facts seamlessly. In the context of Society 5.0, this interprets to make that fact from diverse sources, including clever sensors, wearables, and infrastructure structures, may be simply incorporated and analyzed to allow clever decision making and foster innovation throughout numerous domains. However, reaching this seamless trade gives numerous challenges that threaten to impede the progress of Society 5.0. Let us delve deeper into these demanding situations through a real global state of affairs.
1.5.1 The Smart City Dilemma: A Case Study in Interoperability Woes
Imagine Alice, a resident of a bustling clever metropolis, experiencing a sudden scientific emergency at domestic. Her clever domestic gadget, prepared with several health sensors, detects an anomaly in her vital organs and triggers an emergency reaction about this apparently straightforward situation, but that signal can be disturbed by way of the subsequent interoperability hurdles as follows:
Standardization Issues
May be that statistics transmitted using Alice’s clever home machine is probably incompatible with the layout used by the emergency reaction center’s gadget. This incompatibility creates a conversation barrier delaying the critical alert and potentially impacting the timeliness of scientific intervention.
1.5.2 Ensuring Integration and Data Exchange
The achievement of Society 5.0 relies on the potential of diverse structures and devices to connect and bypass records correctly. This necessitates overcoming several interoperability hurdles. Diving deeper into Interoperability Issues [25] in Society 5.0 is shown in Figure 1.3.
Figure 1.3 Cloud analyses data for AI.
1.5.3 Standardization Challenges and Solutions
The current landscape is riddled with competing standards across various sectors hindering interoperability. For example, the healthcare industry utilizes diverse standards, like HL7 (Health Level Seven) and DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine), while the automotive industry employs CAN (Controller Area Network) and OBU (On-Board Unit) standards.
Collaborative Standardization Efforts: Establishing common ground requires collaboration between industry players, government agencies, and international standardization bodies. Initiatives like the Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC) and the Open Web Alliance (OWA) are fostering collaboration to develop interoperable standards across different domains.
1.5.4 Heterogeneity Challenges and Solutions
Integration is made extremely challenging by the wide variety of devices and systems that are available ranging from cutting-edge AI platforms to antiquated infrastructure. Numerous operating systems, communication protocols [12], and data formats [26] are often used by these systems.
The answer is to build robust frameworks for interoperability that can react to and translate data between different systems. These frameworks use techniques, like data virtualization, format translation, and semantic mediation [27], to make communication between various components easier.
It is also important to invest in processes and technologies to adapt to different products and systems in Society 5.0. From semantic interoperability to API-based integration and intermediary platforms, there are many ways to bridge communication and facilitate data exchange.
1.6 Importance of Robust Communication and Power Plans
With its compelling future vision of highly connected sophisticated technology, Society 5.0 envisions a society of intelligent automation, datadriven decision-making systems, and interconnection. This ambitious strategy is predicated on the vital cornerstones of robust infrastructure and aggressive communication. This essential cornerstone of the contemporary world is crucial in facilitating the following:
Smart Living, which includes encouraging optimal living conditions with an emphasis on quality and extending the lifeline of a process, as well as effective resource management, automation, and real-time data interchange [26, 27]. Improved connectivity allows for continuous connection between people, things, and systems. It also makes it possible to collaborate globally and encourages the unexpectedly rapid transmission of information.
Better Decision Making: Data-driven understanding [26, 27] from interconnected systems can carry out more effective resource allocation and planning techniques, which ultimately results in more knowledgeable information. Thus, it is very critical to guarantee infrastructure flexibility and dependability, since doing so is essential for realizing the goals of Society 5.0. This chapter addresses the need for resilient and adaptable infrastructure, looks at resilience-building techniques, and looks at the key factors to keep in mind as we move toward a Society 5.0 that is future proofed.
1.6.1 The Requirement and Imperative of Flexible and Dependable Infrastructure
In getting used to a changing world in an ever-changing environment with fluctuating needs, infrastructure needs to be flexible and expandable. Because of this, systems must change from being stiff and static to being flexible and adaptable to the ever-changing demands of a technologically advanced civilization.
Adaptability and Scalability
As a result of the rapid development of connected devices and a growing number of data transmissions, communication networks that can handle greater the flow of data and a broader spectrum of standards are necessary. Performance should not be lost in combining new technology like Big Data analytics [26] and the Internet of Things into flexible networks.
Electric Grids: Sustainable power generation systems that can quickly adapt to alternative sources of energy, such as ocean, solar, and wind power, are important for upgrading on to a sustainable future. These grids must be scalable to manage increase in user demand and maintain a constant supply of energy.
1.6.2 Infrastructure Resilience
The idea of Society 5.0, a tremendously greater, hyperconnected future, calls for a robust infrastructure. The seamless operation of this interconnected society is made by means of the framework that serves as the premise for primary facilities like electricity, transportation, and conversation. However, unexpected occurrences, including screw-ups in gadgets, pc hacking, or natural failures, may additionally harm those important components and feature a sequence response. Developing long-lasting systems is therefore important to keep non-stop operation and reducing the results of disruptive occasions.
1.6.3 Key Characteristics of Sturdy Infrastructure
Redundancy: Single-point disasters are lessened through using numerous transmission paths and backup structures. To assure continued flow even in the occasion of a system failure, it is necessary to have backup structures and communiqué routes available in Figure 1.4.
Figure 1.4 Key characteristics of resilient features.
Distributed Systems: The important infrastructure is spread out within systems, which can be decentralized, which reduces its vulnerability to localized disturbances. To save from a single-point failure creating a vast disturbance, assets and services are disbursed across geographically distant places. To ensure uninterrupted access even in case of an electrical failure at one area, information might be stored throughout multiple geographically dispersed storage facilities.
Approaches for Privacy and Security: Protection in the path of cyber attacks consists of setting dependable safety suggestions in database regions, which include encryption and everyday vulnerability check-ups. To select out and take away functionality dangers to safety in advance, preventative strategies and persistent surveillance mechanism are implanted.
Automated Monitoring and Control: Real-time tracking and automatic reaction abilities allow quick detection and reducing the severity, seriousness of problems. These systems when are aware of developing troubles takes robotically corrective steps minimizing downtime and ensuring an easy and strong operation. For example, computerized fault detection systems can find and isolate faults in a grid preventing big power outages.
Investing in Modernization: Reliability and efficiency can best be accelerated by constantly changing previous infrastructure with more modern, greater resilient technology. This consists of persevering to fund studies and improvement tasks in addition to enforcing contemporary fixes like smart grids.
Software-Defined Networking (SDN) [30]: The use of this technology allows an extra freedom and flexibility in handling the operations of communique networks by way of isolating the manipulate layer (which manages network congestion) from the statistics layer (which forwards messages).
Self-Recovery Materials: These forms of materials have the capacity to restore small damages or breaches on their own enhancing the sturdiness of infrastructure and reducing preservation expenses.
1.6.4 Infrastructure Resilience’s Importance in Society 5.0
Developing a sturdy foundation is readily promoting the foundational thoughts of Society 5.0 and approximately decreasing dangers. The strategies to do it are outlined below:
Preserving Critical Service Regularity: When there are disturbances, resilient engineering makes sure that essentials like power, transportation, and communication keep functioning. By doing this, downtime may be minimized, and essential society services, like scientific research, responses to emergencies, and business operations may additionally flourish.
Improving Recovery Approaches: Durable infrastructure minimizes damage and accelerates the restoration speed at some stage during disruptive events.
Improving Recovery Techniques: Durable infrastructure minimizes damage and quickens up the recuperation technique throughout disruptive occasions.
Supporting Innovation and Boom: By offering a dependable platform for the improvement and sensible use of innovative technologies, a longtime infrastructure base boosts entrepreneurship and boom within the economic system.
1.6.5 Infrastructure Resilience Techniques
Embracing Cost-Effectiveness and Efficiency for a Sustainable Future in Society 5.0: Infrastructure serves as the foundation for clever automation and interconnection; it is imperative to maximize fee-effectiveness and performance. To achieve this, a flexible infrastructure that can adapt to changing demands is essential. It should be capable of quickly reconstructing and recovering each day.
Dynamic Resource Utilization: By adjusting operations according to cutting-edge needs, flexible architecture allows for the fine and feasible use of resources in much less energy being used. For instance, clever grids are capable of decreasing energy waste at some stage in off-top hours with the aid of regulating the drift of electricity based on demand.
1.6.6 Reduced Operational Costs
Flexible infrastructure gives a good-sized benefit in decreasing operational expenses throughout diverse additives of the commercial organization. The following are some key ways of Reducing Operational Costs:
Resource Optimization: Flexible infrastructure allows you to scale resources (like servers or storage) up or down based on your actual needs. This gets rid of excess resource uses as well as of sitting idle and the abuse of power.
Smarter Energy Management: Flexible infrastructure can integrate with smart technologies to screen and optimize power use. For instance, sensors can detect when a room is unoccupied and automatically adjust the lights or heating/ cooling.
Reduced Maintenance Needs: Often, bendy infrastructure uses modular components, which can be easier and inexpensive to maintain or replace in assessment compared to complicated, constant structures. Think about constructing furniture with pre-fabricated pieces instead of custom carpentry.
1.6.7 Safeguarding the Digital Age: Security and Privacy in Infrastructure
Society 5.0 is all about tech making our lives wonderful, but with great energy comes fantastic responsibility (i.e., to maintain our records safe). The following are the ways to be a privacy pro:
Fort Knox Your Logins: Think of complicated passwords as your digital bodyguards. Add some other layer of security with two-component authentication, like a code sent to your telephone. It is like having a double deadbolt on your on-line money owed.
Patch Up With Defenses: Regularly update the devices and software. These updates are like digital patches fixing vulnerabilities that hackers may try and exploit.
Be Data Ninja: Not all organizations need your complete life tale. In Society 5.0, you could regularly pick to proportion anonymized facts. This could help agencies analyze what they need without compromising user privacy. It is like sharing book summaries with friends as opposed to lending them the entire book.
Know Where Your Data Goes: Before delivering your statistics, understand how it is going to be used. Reputed groups can be transparent about statistics practices and come up with manipulation over yours. It is your statistics in the end!
By following those recommendations, we will build a Society 5.0 where each person feels stable and enjoys the blessings of a generation.
1.7 Environmental Effects and Energy Efficiency
In the subsequent phase, 1.7.1 “Supporting sustainable development through electricity-saving solutions,” we will be able to have a look at enormous methods for increasing sustainability. This section focuses on reducing energy consumption through products like fluorescent light bulbs and smart product use while outlining their benefits for the environment. In addition, we will also discuss how to lessen our dependence on fossil fuels through the use of wind, ocean, and other renewable energy sources. With an emphasis on the development of Society 5.0, we explore the different ways in which technological advances and energy production from renewable sources might be combined to enhance efficiency and simplify the workflows. The importance of technology in creating a safer and greener future will be addressed during these talks.
1.7.1 Supporting Sustainability through Energy-Efficient Approach
Super Smart Society, or Society 5.0, sets a strong emphasis on intelligent technology and mutual dependence. These developments lay the way for significant improvements in energy efficiency. Within the context of Society 5.0, this section examines several technologies and methods that can lead to a more sustainable energy future.
Smart Grids: Optimizing Energy Delivery in Society 5.0
Conventional power grids guarantee an uninterrupted supply of electricity irrespective of the demand in real time operating on a one-size-fits-all basis. However, these power plants may struggle to satisfy demand during peak periods and produce more electricity than desired during off-peak hours, which frequently result in energy waste.
With its emphasis on intelligent automation and interconnectivity, Society 5.0 paves the door to a more intelligent method of delivering energy through smart grids. By facilitating two-way communication between utilities, generators, and customers, these sophisticated grids allow for dynamic control, real-time monitoring, and increased efficiency.
In Society 5.0, smart grids [31] optimize energy delivery in the following ways:
Reaction to Demand: Demand response programs are made easier by smart grids. These initiatives encourage users to modify their energy-use patterns in response to current electricity rates. This may involve the following:
Duration of Use Pricing: Depending on the time of day, consumers are charged varying prices for power. Generally speaking, prices are higher during times of peak demand and lower during off-peak hours. By scheduling non-essential energy use at off-peak times (such as using laundry machines at night) can help the consumers save their expenses.
Demand-Side Management (DSM) [32]: Utilities can offer programs or rebates to encourage consumers to install energy-efficient appliances and technologies that reduce their overall electricity demand.
Improved Distribution Efficiency: Smart grids utilize smart meters and sensors throughout the distribution network. These devices can identify and pinpoint inefficiencies in energy transmission and distribution. Real-time data allows for the following:
Benefits of Smart Grids: By implementing smart grids, Society 5.0 can gain numerous benefits as follows:
Reduced Energy Consumption: Demand response programs and improved distribution efficiency lead to a decrease in overall energy consumption minimizing wasted energy and promoting sustainability.
Lower Costs: Smart grids can help utilities optimize generation and distribution potentially leading to lower electricity prices for consumers.
Increased Reliability: Real-time monitoring and control capabilities enhance grid stability and reliability minimizing power outages and disruptions.
1.7.2 Building Automation Systems: Transforming Buildings into Energy-Conscious Entities
The attention of Society 5.0 on smart automation and connection is also present within the bodily environment, as building automation structures (BAS) are revolutionizing the usage of electricity in the large buildings. These state-of-the-art structures integrate the functioning building structures, like lighting fixtures, ventilation, heating/cooling (HVAC), and appliances. By the use of sensors, data analytics, and instrumentation mechanically, constructing automation structures (BAS) can effectively lower the strength usage and improve occupant comfort. In Society 5.0, BAS enhances electricity performance through the following methods:
Benefits of Building Automation Systems
Reduced Energy Consumption: BAS can lead to energy savings of up to 30% by optimizing operation of building systems and minimizing energy waste.
Lower Operating Costs: Reduced energy consumption translates to lower utility bills and operating costs for building owners.
Improved Comfort: By automatically adjusting building systems based on occupancy and weather conditions, BAS maintains a comfortable environment for occupants.
Enhanced Sustainability: Reduced energy consumption contributes to a cleaner environment and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.
1.7.3 Connected Appliances: Transforming Everyday Devices into Energy-Conscious Partners
By focusing on connectivity and intelligent automation, Society 5.0 goes beyond buildings and infrastructure to replace everyday equipment. Connected devices equipped with sensors and Internet connectivity are becoming increasingly common, and they offer a great potential for improving energy efficiency. These smart devices communicate with users and central systems enabling the following:
Remote Control and Monitoring: Users can now control their devices remotely using smartphones or voice assistants.
Demand Response: Appliances connected in the system can directly or indirectly participate in programs that respond to demand and supply or automatically modify their working based on current energy prices.
Intelligent Operation: By adjusting cooking cycles largely based on the kind and quantity of food, connected ovens reduce the amount of energy used for preheating or overcooking. Intelligent refrigerators have the ability to aggressively control cooling by monitoring internal temperature and setting frequency.
1.7.4 Benefits of Connected Appliances
The integration of linked home equipment offers several benefits in Society 5.0 as follows:
Enhanced Convenience: Remote control and scheduling offer greater convenience and flexibility for users allowing them to integrate appliance operation into their daily routines.
Enhanced Efficiency: By optimizing their function for optimal performance, connected appliances can save energy consumption and achieve desired outcomes precisely prepared food.
Data-Driven Insights: Real-time energy consumption data provided by connected appliances empower users to make informed decisions about their energy consumption habits.
1.7.5 Challenges and Considerations
Despite their advantages, linked appliances have many limitations as follows:
Security Issues: To protect users from breaches of privacy, appliances that are connected have to ensure the privacy of the data they collect.
Standardization: Conflicts between different models and brands might result because of the absence of international norms for data formats and protocols for communication.
Price: Compared to conventional models, connected appliances may have a greater initial cost. Nevertheless, over time, these expenses may be balanced by long-term energy savings and greater convenience.
1.7.6 Energy-Efficient Manufacturing [23]: Optimizing Industries for a Sustainable Future in Society 5.0
Since the world is advancing toward environmental sustainability, the need for produced goods is continuously increasing, which is posing a hurdle in environmental sustainability. So, along with a focus on intelligent automation and connectivity, Society 5.0 is also providing a unique opportunity for shifting the manufacturing sector toward environmentally friendly methods.
Businesses can significantly reduce their energy usage per unit of manufacturing using methods such as automation, data analysis, and cutting-edge technology paving the way for a more sustainable future.
Society 5.0 increases energy efficiency in manufacturing:
Traditional manufacturing often relies on manual monitoring and control of processes. In Society 5.0, this is enhanced by the use of sensors and advanced monitoring systems.
Automated Adjustments: Based on real-time data, intelligent systems can automatically adjust process parameters, like temperature, pressure, and machine settings, to optimize energy use.
Predictive Maintenance: Sensor data can be analyzed to predict potential equipment failures. Proactive maintenance prevents unnecessary energy waste caused by malfunctioning machinery.
Precision Operations: Robots carry out activities more consistently and precisely, which reduces the amount of waste and energy needed for rework or error correction.
Optimized Machine Usage: Robots can operate 24/7 with minimal downtime allowing for efficient machine utilization and maximizing production output without additional energy consumption.
1.7.7 Benefits of Energy-Efficient Manufacturing
The adoption of energy-efficient practices in manufacturing offers numerous benefits as follows:
Increased Productivity: Automated systems and optimized processes can lead to increased production output while maintaining or even improving product quality.
Enhanced Resource Efficiency: Reduced material waste and optimized energy use contribute to a more sustainable manufacturing process minimizing environmental impact.
Improved Worker Safety: Replacing human workers with robots for hazardous or repetitive tasks can enhance worker safety and reduce the risk of accidents.
1.8 Utilizing Renewable Energy Sources
Powering a Sustainable Future [33] (with a focus on Society 5.0 improvements): The fight against weather change and environmental degradation brings our attention to renewable electricity resources. Installing technology, like solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal electricity, plays an important role in Society 5.0. With its emphasis on interconnectivity and automation, it unlocks interesting opportunities for the subsequent generation of renewable power solutions. This segment also dives into how Society 5.0 advancements can revolutionize how we harness more cleaner electricity and construct a sustainable future.
1.8.1 Methods of Harnessing Cleaner Energy in Society 5.0
Ocean Energy
[33]
:
Going beyond conventional wave and tidal electricity, Society 5.0 technologies can free up the substantial capacity of the ocean waves. Underwater mills can use kinetic energy from ocean currents, and at the same time, progressive structures can convert the rise and fall of ocean tides into energy. Additionally, studies into salinity gradient strength (harnessing the difference in salt awareness between freshwater and seawater) hold promise for producing clean power in coastal areas. Bio-energy With Advanced Techniques: Biomass, organic matter used as fuel, offers a renewable energy source. However, traditional methods of bioenergy production can raise sustainability concerns. Society 5.0 facilitates advancements in techniques, like anaerobic digestion, which breaks down organic waste materials to produce biogas, a methane-rich fuel source usable in vehicles and power generation.
Microalgae Cultivation [
34
,
35
]:
It is giving new hope for advanced biofuels. These tiny microorganisms may be farmed successfully, with the usage of little land and water, and generating oils that may be converted into biofuels. Society 5.0 era can optimize and automate algae farming procedures resulting in accelerated biofuel production.
Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting
[36]
:
This approach converts mechanical energy (such as pressure or vibration) into electrical energy. For example, imagine streets embedded with piezoelectric materials that generate power from the weight of passing automobiles. In Society 5.0, integrating piezoelectric materials into building structures, sidewalks, or even clothing can provide small amounts of energy. This energy could be used to power low-energy devices or contribute to the power grid.
1.9 Conclusion
In summary, Society 5.0 is a major breakthrough in the use of information technology to support all aspects of human life in a coherent and integrated manner. Unlike previous versions, the development of Citizen 4.0 represents a paradigm shift in how we collect, process, and use data to improve all aspects of life. It involves integrating systems across sectors, such as energy, transport, health, education, and recreation, to ensure excellent social, safety, and productivity. One of the defining characteristics of Society 5.0 is that large amounts of data can be used to directly influence people’s actions and behaviors and ultimately fill and support people’s lives. The data-driven approach goes beyond individual policies to create social policy on a broader scale through a continuous cycle of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. By using artificial intelligence and other advanced IT systems, Society 5.0 can use the world’s big data to improve decision-making processes and improve overall health.
