Novel Drug Delivery Systems (Part 2) -  - E-Book

Novel Drug Delivery Systems (Part 2) E-Book

0,0
47,03 €

-100%
Sammeln Sie Punkte in unserem Gutscheinprogramm und kaufen Sie E-Books und Hörbücher mit bis zu 100% Rabatt.
Mehr erfahren.
Beschreibung

Novel Drug Delivery Systems (Part 2) covers the advanced techniques and innovations transforming pharmaceutical sciences, with a focus on enhancing drug efficacy and patient outcomes. This comprehensive guide explores a wide array of delivery methods, including nasopulmonary, transdermal, ocular, nanotechnology-based, implantable, and controlled-release injectables. Each chapter provides an in-depth analysis of these unique delivery routes, presenting both foundational knowledge and the latest technological advancements in the field.
Designed for students, researchers, and professionals in pharmaceuticals and medicine, this book bridges basic concepts with cutting-edge practices, emphasizing the science and impact of controlled drug delivery.
Key Features:
- Detailed exploration of nasopulmonary, transdermal, ocular, and implantable delivery systems
- Insight into nanotechnology's role in drug delivery
- Comprehensive coverage of controlled-release injectables
Readership:
Ideal for students, researchers, and industry professionals seeking to deepen their understanding of advanced drug delivery methods

Das E-Book können Sie in Legimi-Apps oder einer beliebigen App lesen, die das folgende Format unterstützen:

EPUB
MOBI

Seitenzahl: 429

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024

Bewertungen
0,0
0
0
0
0
0
Mehr Informationen
Mehr Informationen
Legimi prüft nicht, ob Rezensionen von Nutzern stammen, die den betreffenden Titel tatsächlich gekauft oder gelesen/gehört haben. Wir entfernen aber gefälschte Rezensionen.



Table of Contents
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD.
End User License Agreement (for non-institutional, personal use)
Usage Rules:
Disclaimer:
Limitation of Liability:
General:
FOREWORD
PREFACE
DEDICATION
List of Contributors
Nasopulmonary Route of Drug Delivery
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY
Pulmonary Environment
MECHANISM AND PATHWAY OF DRUG ABSORPTION THROUGH PULMONARY ROUTE
Impaction
Sedimentation
Diffusion
RATIONALE FOR SELECTION OF DRUG FOR THE NASOPULMONARY DELIVERY
Ideal Characters for Selection of Drug for Nasal Delivery
Ideal Characteristics for Selection of Drug for Pulmonary Delivery
FACTORS INFLUENCING DRUG ABSORPTION
Factors Affecting Absorption of Drug through Nasal Route
Drug Physicochemical Considerations
Molecular or Particle Size
Lipophilic-Hydrophilic Balance
Enzymatic Degradation in Nasal Cavity
Nasal Effect
Membrane Permeability
Environmental pH
Mucociliary Clearance
Cold, Rhinitis
Delivery Effect
Formulation (Concentration, pH, Osmolarity)
Deposition and Drug Distribution
Viscosity
Factors Exert Influence on Absorption through the Pulmonary Route
Mechanical Barrier
Chemical and Immunological Barrier
Behavioural Barrier
Adherence
Inhaler Technique
STRATEGIES TO IMPROVE ABSORPTION
Strategies or Techniques to Improve Nasal Absorption
Nasal Enzyme Inhibitors
Permeation Enhancers
Prodrug
Particulate Drug Delivery System
Bio-adhesive Polymer for Delivery from Nose to Brain
Strategies to Improve Pulmonary Absorption
Molecular Modification
Decreasing Dissolution Rate and Solubility
Decreasing the Permeability
Polymeric Conjugation
Increasing Molecular Weight
Increasing the Mucoadhesion
Formulation Technologies
Overcome Mucociliary Clearance
Escaping from Macrophage Phagocytosis
Sustaining Drug Release
HOW TO DETERMINE DOSE FOR INTRANASAL DELIVERY AND PULMONARY DELIVERY
DOSAGE FORMS AND DEVICES FOR NASOPULMONARY SYSTEMS
Liquid Nasal Formulation
Instillation and Rhinyle Catheter
Compressed Air Nebulizer
Squeeze Bottle
Metered Dose Pump Spray
Powder Dosage Forms
Insufflators
Dry Powder Inhaler (DPIs)
Pressurized MDIs
Nasal Gels
NANOPARTICULATE SYSTEMS FOR NASOPULMONARY DELIVERY
Liposomes
Polymer Micelles
Dendrimers
Inorganic Nanoparticles
Nanocrystals and Nanosuspension
Quantum Dots (QDs)
Protein and Polysaccharides Nanoparticles
RECENT PATENTS ON THE NASOPULMONARY SYSTEM
COVID-19 IMPACT ON THE PULMONARY SYSTEM AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTRANASAL VACCINE
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Transdermal Route of Drug Delivery
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
Limitations
SKIN AS THE PORT OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
Skin Anatomy
Outermost Layer-The Epidermis
The Viable Epidermis
The Stratum Corneum
The Dermis
The Hypodermis
Skin Appendages
Biochemistry of the Skin
The Skin Circulatory System
ROUTES OF PENETRATION
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF THE DRUG AFFECTING PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION
Solubility in the Stratum Corneum
Permeation Across Stratum Corneum
Partitioning
Diffusion Through the Viable Tissue [33]
FACTORS INFLUENCING PERCUTANEOUS ABSORPTION
Condition of the Skin
Thermodynamic Properties of the Medicament
Effect of Moisture
Effect of Vehicles
Effect of Surfactants
Effect of Concentration of Medicament
Effect of pH
SCIENTIFIC REPRESENTATIONS OF SKIN ABSORPTION
COMPONENTS OF TDDS
Backing Substrate
Drug Reservoir Component
Control Membrane
Pressure Sensitive Adhesives
Release Liner
Packing Substrate
SYSTEM DESIGNS FOR TRANSDERMAL PATCHES
Matrix-type Transdermal Patch
Reservoir-type Transdermal Patch
TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS USED FOR MAKING TRANSDERMAL PATCHES
Lab Scale Techniques
Coating/Spraying Technique
Hand-casting Technique
Hot Melt Extrusion
Large Scale Techniques
Rotary Die-Cutting
Hot Melt Extrusion
Lamination Technique
Solvent Casting/Coating
Instruments for Large Scale
Rotary Die-Cutting Machine
Hot Melt Extrusion Machine
Coating Machine
Lamination Equipment
EVALUATION OF TRANSDERMAL SYSTEMS
Concerns Related to Skin Permeation Studies
Tissue Culture-derived Skin Equivalents used for Percutaneous Absorption Studies
VARIETY OF PERMEATION STUDY CELLS USED IN LABORATORIES
Franz Diffusion Cell (Vertical)
Horizontal Diffusion Cell
A Flow-thru Cell or In-Line Cell
PERMEABILITY DATA ANALYSIS
CHARACTERIZATION OF TDDS
Dissolution Testing
Thickness
Weight Uniformity
Determining the Drug Content
Content of Moisture
Moisture Absorption
Flatness
Folding Endurance
Tensile Strength
Tack Properties
Thumb Tack Test
The Rolling Ball Test
Peel-and-stick (Quick Stick) Test
Probe Tack Test
Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR)
Swellability
In vitro Drug Release Studies
In vivo Studies
CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING TDDS
Emerging Technologies Enhancing Drugs Skin Permeation
Passive Approaches
Formulation Improvement
Chemical Penetration Enhancers
Active Methodologies
Ultrasound Devices
Electrical Techniques
Iontophoresis
Electroporation
Devices Based on Velocity
Thermal Methods (Laser and Radiofrequency Heating)
Mechanical Methods to Enhance Skin Permeation
Tape Stripping
Microneedle (MN) Arrays
NANOTECHNOLOGY IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY
Advantages and Disadvantages of Nanosystems application in TDDS
REGULATORY CONSIDERATION OF TRANSDERMAL FORMULATIONS
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Ocular Drug Delivery Systems
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Classification of Ocular Dosage Forms
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION CONVENTIONAL VS NOVEL ROUTES
CHALLENGES FOR OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPORTANT FACTORS AFFECTING OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY
Ideal Requirement for Drug Delivery Systems
Physicochemical Properties of a Drug Candidate
Factors Associated with Formulation
Solution Viscosity
Optimal Partition Coefficient
Particle Size and Shape
Surface Charge of Molecules
Melanin Binding
CONVENTIONAL DOSAGE FORMS
Eye Drops Solution
Suspensions
Emulsions
Eye Ointments
NOVEL STRATEGIES TO DELIVERY TARGETED OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY
Lipid-based Nano Systems
Liposomes
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers
Polymer-based Nanoparticles
Hydrogel
Metal Nanoparticles
Gold Nanoparticles
Silver Nanoparticles
Contact Lenses
Implants
Microneedles
NANOTECHNOLOGY BASED FDA APPROVED THERAPY
NANOTECHNOLOGY BASED THERAPIES UNDER CLINICAL TRIALS
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Nanotechnology as a Novel Approach to Drug Delivery Systems
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Advantages
Rational for Nanotech Delivery System
Features of Nanotechnology in a Delivery System
NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED DRUG DELIVERY PLATFORM
Polymeric Nanoparticles
Lipid-based Nanoformulations
Liposomes
SLNs and NLCs
Hybrid Nanocarriers
CHARACTERIZATIONS OF THE NANOTECH-BASED DELIVERY SYSTEM
Particle Size (PS) and Particle Size Distribution
Polydispersity Index (PDI)
Surface Charge or Zeta Potential (ZP)
Entrapment Efficiency (EE)
Drug Loading
Polymorphism and Crystallinity
Morphology
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry Analysis
THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS
Oral Delivery
Dermal Application
Ocular Applications
Parenteral Delivery
Transdermal Delivery
Specific Therapeutic Applications
Therapeutic Applications of Nanotechnology in Cancer
Therapeutic Applications of Nanotechnology in Wound Healing
Therapeutic Applications of Nanotechnology in Alzheimer's Disease
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Implantable Drug Delivery
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Glimpse into Implantable DDS
Advancements in IDDS
Ideal Properties of Implantable Devices
Benefits of the IDDSs
Disadvantages of IDDSs
Recently Updated FDA-approved Implants
CLASSIFICATION
Non-degradable Implants
The Release Mechanism of Drug from Non-degradable Polymeric Matrices
Reservoir-type Non-degradable Systems
Matrix-type Non-degradable Systems
Non-degradable Implantable Beads
Non-degradable Magnetically Controlled Release Systems
Advantages of Non-degradable IDDSs
Convenience
Improvement in Delivery of Drug
Adherence of Patients to Prescribed Treatments
Possibility of Controlled Release
Potential for Intermittent Release
Flexibility
Disadvantages of Non-biodegradable Implantable Drug Delivery Systems
Invasive
Termination
Device Failure Risk
Limited to Strong Medications
Probable Adverse Drug Reactions
Non-Biodegradable Polymers
Poly(siloxanes)
Poly(ethylene-vinyl Acetate) (PEVA)
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Polyurethane (PU)
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
Biodegradable Implants
Dynamic Pumps
Microelectronics
Osmotic Pumps
Propellent Driven Pump
Electromechanical Systems
Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMs)
Nanoelectromechanical Systems
IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICES
Pacemakers
Implantable Cardioverter–defibrillator
Neurostimulators
Chip Rx (Small Pill Implants)
APPLICATIONS
Women’s Health
Chronic Diseases
Cardiovascular Disease
Cancer
Diabetes
Ocular Therapy
Pain Management
Infectious Diseases (Tuberculosis)
Neurology and Central Nervous System Health
CURRENT CHALLENGES
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Controlled-Release Injectables
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Proteins and Peptides
Vaccines
Gene Therapeutics
INJECTABLE EMULSIONS
Types of Emulsions
Nanoemulsions
Multiple Emulsions
Microemulsions
Preparation of Emulsions
Nanoemulsions
Multiple Emulsions
Microemulsions
Emulsions for Injectables for Controlled Delivery
Emulsion Stability
INJECTABLE LIPOSOMES
Types of Liposomes
Preparation of Liposomes
Liposome Formation
Film Hydration Method
Injection Method
Sizing of Liposomes
Sonication
Homogenization/Microfluidization
Extrusion
Freeze–Thaw Cycling
Encapsulation of Drug
Purification
Liposomes for Injectables for Controlled Delivery
INJECTABLE NANOSUSPENSIONS
Types of Nanoparticles
Crystalline Drug Nanoparticles
Polymeric Nanoparticles
Solid-lipid Nanoparticles
Preparation of Nanoparticles for Nanosuspensions
Bottom-up Techniques
Solvent Anti-solvent Precipitation Technique
Supercritical Fluid Process
Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Process
Top-down Techniques
Media Milling
High Shear Homogenization
Microfluidics Technology
Piston-Gap Homogenization
Nano Pure Technology
Nanosuspensions for Injections
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
Novel Drug Delivery System
(Part 2)
Edited by
Atish S. Mundada
Department of Pharmaceutics
SNJBs SSDJ College of Pharmacy
Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
&
Alap Chaudhari
Teva Pharmaceutical
United States

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD.

End User License Agreement (for non-institutional, personal use)

This is an agreement between you and Bentham Science Publishers Ltd. Please read this License Agreement carefully before using the book/echapter/ejournal (“Work”). Your use of the Work constitutes your agreement to the terms and conditions set forth in this License Agreement. If you do not agree to these terms and conditions then you should not use the Work.

Bentham Science Publishers agrees to grant you a non-exclusive, non-transferable limited license to use the Work subject to and in accordance with the following terms and conditions. This License Agreement is for non-library, personal use only. For a library / institutional / multi user license in respect of the Work, please contact: [email protected].

Usage Rules:

All rights reserved: The Work is the subject of copyright and Bentham Science Publishers either owns the Work (and the copyright in it) or is licensed to distribute the Work. You shall not copy, reproduce, modify, remove, delete, augment, add to, publish, transmit, sell, resell, create derivative works from, or in any way exploit the Work or make the Work available for others to do any of the same, in any form or by any means, in whole or in part, in each case without the prior written permission of Bentham Science Publishers, unless stated otherwise in this License Agreement.You may download a copy of the Work on one occasion to one personal computer (including tablet, laptop, desktop, or other such devices). You may make one back-up copy of the Work to avoid losing it.The unauthorised use or distribution of copyrighted or other proprietary content is illegal and could subject you to liability for substantial money damages. You will be liable for any damage resulting from your misuse of the Work or any violation of this License Agreement, including any infringement by you of copyrights or proprietary rights.

Disclaimer:

Bentham Science Publishers does not guarantee that the information in the Work is error-free, or warrant that it will meet your requirements or that access to the Work will be uninterrupted or error-free. The Work is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either express or implied or statutory, including, without limitation, implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to the results and performance of the Work is assumed by you. No responsibility is assumed by Bentham Science Publishers, its staff, editors and/or authors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products instruction, advertisements or ideas contained in the Work.

Limitation of Liability:

In no event will Bentham Science Publishers, its staff, editors and/or authors, be liable for any damages, including, without limitation, special, incidental and/or consequential damages and/or damages for lost data and/or profits arising out of (whether directly or indirectly) the use or inability to use the Work. The entire liability of Bentham Science Publishers shall be limited to the amount actually paid by you for the Work.

General:

Any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with this License Agreement or the Work (including non-contractual disputes or claims) will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Singapore. Each party agrees that the courts of the state of Singapore shall have exclusive jurisdiction to settle any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with this License Agreement or the Work (including non-contractual disputes or claims).Your rights under this License Agreement will automatically terminate without notice and without the need for a court order if at any point you breach any terms of this License Agreement. In no event will any delay or failure by Bentham Science Publishers in enforcing your compliance with this License Agreement constitute a waiver of any of its rights.You acknowledge that you have read this License Agreement, and agree to be bound by its terms and conditions. To the extent that any other terms and conditions presented on any website of Bentham Science Publishers conflict with, or are inconsistent with, the terms and conditions set out in this License Agreement, you acknowledge that the terms and conditions set out in this License Agreement shall prevail.

Bentham Science Publishers Pte. Ltd. 80 Robinson Road #02-00 Singapore 068898 Singapore Email: [email protected]

FOREWORD

The field of pharmaceutical sciences is ever-evolving, driven by the pursuit of more efficient, targeted, and patient-friendly therapeutic solutions. At the forefront of this transformation are Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS), which hold the potential to revolutionize drug administration and efficacy paradigms. This book provides a comprehensive exploration of NDDS, meticulously crafted for postgraduate students and researchers ready to lead this exciting frontier.

The authors delve into the principles and advantages of NDDS, emphasising their potential to enhance drug bioavailability, reduce side effects, and improve patient compliance. It sets the stage for subsequent discussions on how NDDS can address these challenges by providing more effective and targeted therapeutic options. This book introduces various NDDS platforms and their applications in managing chronic diseases. As you navigate through these chapters, you will encounter a blend of rigorous scientific analysis and practical insights. The discussions are enriched with illustrative figures, tables, and real-world examples that elucidate complex concepts and foster a deeper understanding. This book is more than just a compilation of knowledge; it is a call to action for the next generation of pharmacy professionals and researchers. The advancements in NDDS hold the promise of revolutionising healthcare, and it is through your dedication and innovation that this promise will be realised.

I am confident that this book will serve as a valuable guide and reference in your journey towards mastering NDDS. May it empower you to make significant contributions to the field of pharmacy and to the betterment of patient care worldwide.

V. K. Mourya Chh. Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India

PREFACE

We are excited to present the second volume of our comprehensive book on novel drug delivery systems. Following the foundation laid in Volume 1, this volume delves deeper into specialized and emerging technologies that are reshaping drug delivery, broadening the scope of controlled release systems in diverse therapeutic areas.

This volume begins with Chapter 1, "Nasopulmonary Drug Delivery Systems", which explores the promising potential of nasal and pulmonary routes for drug administration. The chapter discusses the intricate dynamics of drug delivery to these regions, emphasizing their relevance in targeting respiratory diseases and systemic drug administration.

In Chapter 2, "Transdermal Route of Drug Delivery", the focus shifts to the innovative methods for delivering drugs through the skin. This chapter offers a detailed look at transdermal systems, their design, applications, and the advances that are transforming this route into a powerful tool for controlled drug delivery.

Ocular drug delivery presents unique challenges due to the sensitivity and complexity of the eye. Chapter 3, "Ocular Drug Delivery Systems", provides valuable insights into the technological advances that are improving the administration of therapeutics to the eye, ensuring precise and effective treatment for ocular conditions.

Chapter 4, "Nanotechnology and its Concepts", opens up the fascinating world of nanotechnology, a field that holds immense promise for revolutionizing drug delivery. This chapter delves into nanoscale materials and their applications in achieving targeted, controlled, and efficient delivery of therapeutics at the cellular and molecular levels.

Continuing the exploration of innovative approaches, Chapter 5, "Implantable Drug Delivery Systems", examines how implantable devices can provide long-term, controlled release of drugs, particularly in chronic conditions. This chapter offers a comprehensive look at the development, design, and applications of these devices in clinical practice.

The volume concludes with Chapter 6, "Controlled Release Injectables", which offers a thorough overview of the advancements in injectable formulations designed for sustained and controlled drug release. This chapter highlights the critical role injectables play in modern medicine, providing an in-depth understanding of the latest innovations in this area.

As with the first volume, our goal was to equip readers—whether students, researchers, or professionals—with a deeper understanding of the latest developments in controlled drug delivery systems. The content in this volume reflects the expanding horizons of drug delivery and presents cutting-edge research that is driving the future of pharmaceutical sciences.

We extend our deepest appreciation to the expert authors who have contributed to this volume. Their commitment to advancing knowledge in novel drug delivery has made this collection a valuable resource for readers worldwide. We hope that this volume, like the one before it, will inspire continued innovation and progress in the field of pharmaceutical sciences.

Atish S. Mundada Department of Pharmaceutics SNJBs SSDJ College of Pharmacy Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra, India &Alap Chaudhari Teva Pharmaceutical United States

DEDICATION

I would like to dedicate this book To My Late Grandfather, Whose love and Teachings have been guiding light throughout my life To My family Members

Atish Mundada

I would like to dedicate this book To

List of Contributors

Akash J. AmkarDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Shri D. D. Vispute College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Devad-Vichumbe, New Panvel, IndiaAshish S. JainDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Shri D. D. Vispute College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Devad-Vichumbe, New Panvel, IndiaAtish S. MundadaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, SNJBs SSDJ College of Pharmacy Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra, IndiaAnilkumar K. PrajapatiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaAshwini D. PatelKrishna School of Pharmacy & Research (formerly known as Babaria Institute of Pharmacy), Drs. Kiran & Pallavi Patel Global University, Krishna Edu Campus, Vadodara-Mumbai, Varnama, Vadodara-391240, IndiaAlok KapadiaFormulation Development, Mikart, LLC - Atlanta, Georgia, USABhushan R. RaneDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Shri D. D. Vispute College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Devad-Vichumbe, New Panvel, IndiaGanesh G. TapadiyaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Shreeyash Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Aurangabad-431010, Maharashtra, IndiaHarshilkumar S. JaniDepartment of Pharmaceutics, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaJagruti L. DesaiDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa-388421, IndiaKetan M. RanchDepartment of Pharmaceutics, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaLokesh P. KothariDepartment of Pharmaceutics, SNJBs SSDJ College of Pharmacy Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra, IndiaPal B. PatelDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa-388421, IndiaPranav ShahDepartment of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Maliba Pharmacy College, Uka Tarsadia University, Maliba Campus, Gopal Vidyanagar, Bardoli- Mahuva Road, At & Po: Tarsadi-394350, Dist: Surat, Gujarat, IndiaRicha R. DaveDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa-388421, IndiaSwaroop R. LahotiY. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, IndiaShailesh S. ChalikwarDepartment of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, IndiaSwayamprakash PatelDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), CHARUSAT Campus, Changa-388421, IndiaVishal C. GurumukhiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Shreeyash Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Aurangabad-431010, Maharashtra, IndiaYashkumar R. PatelDepartment of Pharmaceutics, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Nasopulmonary Route of Drug Delivery

Bhushan R. Rane1,*,Akash J. Amkar1,Ashish S. Jain1
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri D. D. Vispute College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Devad-Vichumbe, New Panvel, India

Abstract

Nasopulmonary drug delivery has gained a lot of interest as a convenient, reliable, and promising technique for systemic drug administration. It is especially used for molecules that can only be delivered intravenously and are inefficient when taken orally. This is due to the high vascularization seen above the upper nasal cavity and alveolar region of the pulmonary system, wide surface area, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, gut wall metabolism, and/or destruction in the gastrointestinal tract. Numerous therapeutic compounds may be supplied intranasally for topical or systemic administration. Presently, the nose-to-brain administration route offers targeted delivery. Several further advantages are expected to emerge via the pulmonary route to achieve systemic effects and treat lung disorders. Barriers that prevent absorption through the nasal and pulmonary pathways must be overcome to achieve these therapeutic benefits. Numerous drug delivery devices are being researched for nasal and pulmonary administration of liquid, semisolid, and solid formulations to deliver the medications quickly and/or efficiently to the target area. They are especially suitable for the administration of biotechnological products like proteins, peptides, hormones, and vaccines, as well as poorly soluble drugs, to improve bioavailability. Pulmonary drug delivery has triggered intense scientific and biomedical interest in recent years, and it has made significant progress in the context of local treatment for lung disorders, owing to improved local targeting and fewer systemic adverse effects with the administration of minute therapeutic levels. The chapter attempts to provide some information regarding the nasopulmonary drug delivery system, including the anatomy of the nasal cavity and respiratory tract, the mechanism of drug absorption, characteristics that are considered during the selection of drugs for the nasopulmonary system, factors that affect nasal and pulmonary drug absorption, techniques to improve absorption, dose calculation specifically for intranasal delivery, formulation of dosage forms according to requirement, novel drug formulations, recent improvements of the nasal and pulmonary delivery systems, and some of the patents and commercially also available formulations. The impact of COVID-19 and intranasal vaccine development is discussed in this chapter.

Keywords: Barriers, Inhalers, Mucociliary clearance, Nasopulmonary, Nose-to- brain delivery, Nanoparticles.
*Corresponding author Bhushan R. Rane: Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri D. D. Vispute College of Pharmacy and Research Center, Devad-Vichumbe, New Panvel, India; Tel: +9421534437; E-mail: [email protected]