Sir Isaac Newton
Opticks
UUID: d291037e-48c7-11e5-a14e-119a1b5d0361
This ebook was created with StreetLib Write (http://write.streetlib.com)by Simplicissimus Book Farm
Table of contents
THE FIRST BOOK OF OPTICKS
PART I.
PART II.
THE SECOND BOOK OF OPTICKS
PART I.
PART II.
PART III.
PART IV.
THE THIRD BOOK OF OPTICKS
THE FIRST BOOK OF OPTICKS
PART I.
My
Design in this Book is not to explain the Properties of Light by
Hypotheses, but to propose and prove them by Reason and Experiments:
In order to which I shall premise the following Definitions and
Axioms.DEFINITIONSDEFIN.
I.By
the Rays of Light I understand its least Parts, and those as well
Successive in the same Lines, as Contemporary in several Lines.
For it is manifest that Light consists of Parts, both Successive and
Contemporary; because in the same place you may stop that which comes
one moment, and let pass that which comes presently after; and in the
same time you may stop it in any one place, and let it pass in any
other. For that part of Light which is stopp'd cannot be the same
with that which is let pass. The least Light or part of Light, which
may be stopp'd alone without the rest of the Light, or propagated
alone, or do or suffer any thing alone, which the rest of the Light
doth not or suffers not, I call a Ray of Light.DEFIN.
II.Refrangibility
of the Rays of Light, is their Disposition to be refracted or turned
out of their Way in passing out of one transparent Body or Medium
into another. And a greater or less Refrangibility of Rays, is their
Disposition to be turned more or less out of their Way in like
Incidences on the same Medium.
Mathematicians usually consider the Rays of Light to be Lines
reaching from the luminous Body to the Body illuminated, and the
refraction of those Rays to be the bending or breaking of those lines
in their passing out of one Medium into another. And thus may Rays
and Refractions be considered, if Light be propagated in an instant.
But by an Argument taken from the Æquations of the times of the
Eclipses of
Jupiter's Satellites,
it seems that Light is propagated in time, spending in its passage
from the Sun to us about seven Minutes of time: And therefore I have
chosen to define Rays and Refractions in such general terms as may
agree to Light in both cases.DEFIN.
III.Reflexibility
of Rays, is their Disposition to be reflected or turned back into the
same Medium from any other Medium upon whose Surface they fall. And
Rays are more or less reflexible, which are turned back more or less
easily. As if Light
pass out of a Glass into Air, and by being inclined more and more to
the common Surface of the Glass and Air, begins at length to be
totally reflected by that Surface; those sorts of Rays which at like
Incidences are reflected most copiously, or by inclining the Rays
begin soonest to be totally reflected, are most reflexible.DEFIN.
IV.The
Angle of Incidence is that Angle, which the Line described by the
incident Ray contains with the Perpendicular to the reflecting or
refracting Surface at the Point of Incidence.DEFIN.
V.The
Angle of Reflexion or Refraction, is the Angle which the line
described by the reflected or refracted Ray containeth with the
Perpendicular to the reflecting or refracting Surface at the Point of
Incidence.DEFIN.
VI.The
Sines of Incidence, Reflexion, and Refraction, are the Sines of the
Angles of Incidence, Reflexion, and Refraction.DEFIN.
VIIThe
Light whose Rays are all alike Refrangible, I call Simple, Homogeneal
and Similar; and that whose Rays are some more Refrangible than
others, I call Compound, Heterogeneal and Dissimilar.
The former Light I call Homogeneal, not because I would affirm it so
in all respects, but because the Rays which agree in Refrangibility,
agree at least in all those their other Properties which I consider
in the following Discourse.DEFIN.
VIII.The
Colours of Homogeneal Lights, I call Primary, Homogeneal and Simple;
and those of Heterogeneal Lights, Heterogeneal and Compound.
For these are always compounded of the colours of Homogeneal Lights;
as will appear in the following Discourse.AXIOMS.
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!
Lesen Sie weiter in der vollständigen Ausgabe!