Pearl Millet E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Serie: Agronomy Monographs
- Sprache: Englisch
In this age of climate change, discover how pearl millet is considered a viable alternative cereal crop for semi-arid and hot areas
Pearl millet, a warm-season, dryland cereal crop, is a staple food for over 90 million people in Africa and Asia. Its nutritional superiority relative to other cereal crops, such as rice, wheat, maize, and sorghum, and its hardiness and adaptability to harsh environments and poor soils make it a potentially life-saving resource for poor populations and/or areas hit by damaging climatic conditions. With climate change Placing an ever-greater strain on global agrifood systems, pearl millet has never been a more important crop in the fight against poverty, hunger, and malnutrition.
Pearl Millet offers a thorough introduction to this potentially vital grain. Coming on the heels of a 2023 United Nations declaration of the “International Year of Millets,” it is a crucial intervention in an essential humanitarian project. It is the first comprehensive book on the subject to appear in print.
Key Features:
- Analysis of a potential lead crop for climate-change-affected areas
- Detailed coverage of all pearl millet’s unique features, such as inherent genetic diversity, gluten free applications, and suitability for double cropping
- An author team with vast research and crop development experience
Pearl Millet is ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, certified and practicing professionals, as well as industry and academic researchers.
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Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024
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Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Editors
Contributors
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE
SOCIETY PRESIDENTS
SOCIETY EDITORS IN CHIEF
BOOK AND MULTIMEDIA PUBLISHING COMMITTEE
PUBLISHING STAFF
Title Page
Copyright
Foreword
1 Global Production, Status, and Utilization Pattern of Pearl Millet
Introduction
History of Pearl Millet: Origin and Spread
Commercial Uses
Different Agro-ecologies for Pearl Millet Production in India
Trends in Global Millet Consumption
Current Global Scenario of Millet Consumption
International Trade Market for Pearl Millet
Challenges and Opportunities for Enhancing Pearl Millet Production
Conclusion
References
2 Pearl Millet Germplasm Resources
Introduction
Pearl Millet Gene Pools and Races
Germplasm Conservation
Factors Shaping Diversity
Phenotypic and Genomic Diversity Assessment and Population Studies
Germplasm Evaluation
Germplasm Use in Crop Improvement
Conclusion
References
3 Pearl Millet Genetic Improvement for Food and Nutrition Security
Introduction
Multiple Uses of Pearl Millet
Nutritional Importance of Pearl Millet
Priority Nutrients Improvement
Nutrition Trait Mainstreaming
Enabling Genomics Technologies for Nutrition Traits (Fe and Zn)
Product Development and Distribution Pathway
Adoption and Commercialization
Marketing Challenges
Conclusion
References
4 Genetic and Genomic Approaches for Accelerated Pearl Millet Breeding
Introduction
Genetic Improvement of Biotic, Abiotic, and Nutritional Traits in Pearl Millet
Genomic Approaches
Trait Mapping and Validation
Accelerated Breeding Approaches
Molecular Trait Discovery for Pearl Millet Improvement
Future Thrusts and Conclusions
References
5 Germplasm Utilization and Pre-breeding in Pearl Millet
Importance of Genetic Resources in Pearl Millet
Domestication, Progenitors, Gene Pool, and Genetic Diversity
Utilization of Germplasm
Pre-breeding
Application of Genomic Tools for Plant Genetic Resources Utilization and Pre-breeding
Conclusions
References
6 Pearl Millet Hybrid Development and Seed Production
Introduction
Initial Efforts in Heterosis Exploitation
Research Strategies to Exploit Heterosis
Trait Priorities
Available Grain and Forage Hybrids
Hybrid Yield Potential Compared with Traditional Cultivars and Landraces
Public- and Private-Sector Efforts for Hybrid Promotion
Genetic Gain in Productivity
Hybrid Seed Production
Hybrid Seed Production Profitability
Government Policies to Promote Hybrids
Future Outlook
References
7 Challenges and Opportunities of Pearl Millet Hybrid Development and Seed Production in West Africa
Introduction
Heterosis and Genetic Gain
Available Grain and Forage Hybrids and Yield Potential Compared with Landraces
Constraints in Hybrids Seed Production Systems
Challenges in Using Alternative CMS Sources
Agronomic and Socio-economic Challenges
Research Strategies and Traits of Focus
Public- and Private-Sector Efforts for Hybrid Promotion
Hybrid Cost Profit Ratio and Government Policies
Summary and Outlook
References
8 Growth and Development of Pearl Millet
Introduction
Taxonomy, Origin, Spread, and Adaptation
Botany
Growth and Development
Genetic Variation
Climatic Requirements
Conclusions and Future Needs
References
9 Impact of Drought and High-temperature Stresses on Growth and Development Stages, Physiological, Reproductive, and Yield Traits on Pearl Millet
Introduction
Drought Stress
Impacts of Drought Stress on Morphological and Growth Traits
Impact of Drought Stress on Physiological Traits
Impact of Drought Stress on Reproductive and Yield Traits
High-temperature Stress
Impact of High-temperature Stress on Morphological and Growth Traits
Impact of High-temperature Stress on Physiological Traits
Impact of High-temperature Stress on Reproductive and Yield Traits
Conclusion
References
10 Weed Management in Pearl Millet: Challenges and Opportunities
Weed Management Challenges in Pearl Millet
Weed Management Opportunities in Pearl Millet
Nonchemical Options in Pearl Millet
Conclusion
References
11 Diseases of Pearl Millet
Introduction
Diseases Caused by Fungal-like Organisms and True Fungi
Parasitic Plants
Nematodes
Virus Diseases
Bacterial Diseases
Phytoplasma Diseases
Dedication
Acknowledgments
References
12 Pearl Millet: Pest Management
Insect Pests of Pearl Millet
Status of Host Plant Resistance in Pearl Millet for Major Insect Pests
References
13 Pearl Millet Biomass for Fodder in West Africa Region
Introduction
Millet Straws for Livestock Feed
Opportunities and Challenges of Pearl Millet Production as Fodder for Animals
Biomass of Pearl Millet: Specific Case of the Cropping System in Senegal
Conclusions
References
14 Pearl Millet: Marketing and Innovation Hubs
Millets VAPs Scenario in India
Bajra VAP Distribution and Growth Rate
Trends in Millet Exports from India
Potential in Bajra Exports—Grains and VAPs in 2030
Innovations in Pearl Millet Improvement
Successful Millet Value Chain: The Need of the Hour
Conclusion
References
15 Pearl Millet: Processing and Value Addition for Gluten-free Markets
Nutritional Framework
Processing Techniques for Pearl Millet
Value Addition of Pearl Millet
Conclusion
References
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 1
Table 1.1 Utilization Pattern of Pearl Millet in Different Parts of the Worl...
Table 1.2 Pearl Millet Product Profiles for Different Agro Ecologies of Indi...
Table 1.3 State-wise Area, Production, and Productivity of Pearl Millet in I...
Table 1.4 Top Five Countries in Millets Production, 2022.
Chapter 2
Table 2.1 Status of Pearl Millet Germplasm Resources Conserved Ex situ Globa...
Table 2.2 Promising Trait-specific Germplasm Reported in Pearl Millet for Yi...
Table 2.3 Pearl Millet Genetic Stock Registered and Conserved at the ICAR-NB...
Chapter 3
Table 3.1 Nutrition Profile of Commercially Available Pearl Millet Foods in ...
Table 3.2 Percentage Daily Value (%DV) of Essential Amino Acids from Pearl M...
Table 3.3 Source of High Mineral Nutrients in Pearl Millet Inbred Lines Avai...
Table 3.4 Source of High Mineral Nutrients in Pearl Millet Germplasm, Open-P...
Table 3.5 Biofortified Hybrids and Open-pollinated Varieties (OPVs) of Pearl...
Table 3.6 Diagnostic Markers Developed by ICRISAT for Screening Grain Fe and...
Chapter 4
Table 4.1 Summary of QTLs/Candidate Genes Identified Associated with Drought...
Table 4.2 Summary Table for Grain Fe and Zn Content Studies in Pearl Millet...
Chapter 5
Table 5.1 Range of Variation for Important Agronomic Characters of Pearl Mil...
Table 5.2 Trait-specific germplasm identified from several studies.
Chapter 6
Table 6.1 Number of Male-sterile Lines Based on Four Cytoplasmic Male Steril...
Table 6.2 Type of Material Used in The Development of Designated Maintainer ...
Table 6.3 Product Profiles of Pearl Millet Breeding Program for India
Table 6.4 Different Phases of The Hybrid Development Program of India, Their...
Table 6.5 Area and Seed Requirement for Various Seed Classes to Produce 22,0...
Chapter 8
Table 8.1 Botanical Description of Pearl Millet.
Table 8.2 Three Major Growth Phases and Distinct Morphological Development S...
Table 8.3 Genetic Variability for Grain Traits in Pearl Millet.
Table 8.4 Genetic Variability for Forage Traits in Pearl Millet.
Chapter 10
Table 10.1 Major Grass Weed Species Commonly Found Across The Pearl Millet–P...
Table 10.2 Major Broadleaf Weed Species Commonly Found Across The Pearl Mill...
Chapter 11
Table 11.1 Relative Importance of Diseases Affecting Pearl Millet.
Table 11.2 Disease Losses Associated with Fungal-like Organisms and True Fun...
Table 11.3 Pearl Millet Entries and Their Reaction to Downy Mildew Caused by...
Table 11.4 Selected Pearl Millet Entries and Their Reaction to Ergot Caused ...
Table 11.5 Potential Mycotoxins Produced by Pearl Millet Seed–associated
Fus
...
Table 11.6 Some Pearl Millet Entries and Their Reaction to Blast Caused by
P
...
Table 11.7 Some Pearl Millet Entries and Their Reaction to Rust Caused by
Pu
...
Table 11.8 Some Pearl Millet Entries and Their Reaction to Smut Caused by
Mo
...
Table 11.9 Plant Parasitic Nematode Species Found in Association with Pearl ...
Table 11.10 Monocot Hosts of Pearl Millet Viruses.
Table 11.11 Characteristics of Bacterial Genera Associated with Pearl Millet...
Chapter 13
Table 13.1 Nutrient Digestibility, VDMI, and ADG Using Silage and Millet Str...
Table 13.2 Chemical Composition, Digestibility of the Different Nutrients, a...
Table 13.3 Chemical Composition of The Straw in The Upper and Lower Parts of...
Table 13.4 Nutrient Composition (% of Dry Matter) of Forage Pearl Millet Rel...
Chapter 14
Table 14.1 Decadal Growth Rate and Instability of Area Under Bajra
Table 14.2 Area and Production of Millets Over Different Decades
Table 14.3 Share of Value-added Products in Total Millets Production
Table 14.4 Effect of Different Treatments on Anti-nutritional Factors of Pea...
Table 14.5 Different Techniques to Improve the Shelf Stability of Pearl Mill...
Chapter 15
Table 15.1 Nutritional Composition of Pearl Millet
Table 15.2 Processing Technologies for Pearl Millet and Their Advantages
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 Geographical demarcation of Zones A
1
, A, and B of pearl millet cu...
Figure 1.2 Millet production (%) in different countries of the world (FAO, 2...
Figure 1.3 Global consumption of millets (APEDA, 2022).
Figure 1.4 Category-wise share of millets in India’s export in terms of valu...
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 Scanning electron micrographs of the grains in the four basic rac...
Figure 2.2 Geographical distribution of pearl millet traits: days to 50% flo...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Percentage of entries grouped in grain Fe and Zn class in pearl m...
Figure 3.2 Correlation among different nutrient mineral elements present in ...
Figure 3.3 Value-added pearl millet products.
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Pearl millet panicle at full stigma emergence.
Figure 6.2 Procedure and timeline for multiplication of various classes of s...
Figure 6.3 Right synchronization in flowering of male-sterile line (central ...
Figure 6.4 Wrong synchronization in flowering of male-sterile line (central ...
Figure 6.5 Certified seed production of pearl millet hybrid (in the backgrou...
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Emergence stage.
Figure 8.2 Three-leaf stage.
Figure 8.3 Five-leaf stage.
Figure 8.4 Panicle initiation stage.
Figure 8.5 Flag leaf stage.
Figure 8.6 Boot stage.
Figure 8.7 Half-bloom stage.
Figure 8.8 Milking stage.
Figure 8.9 Dough stage.
Figure 8.10 Physiological maturity stage.
Figure 8.11 Overview of pearl millet growth stages.
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 Global status of millet production in 2022.
Figure 10.2 Tractor-operated interrow mower for mowing weeds in row crops....
Figure 10.3 Camera-guided interrow cultivator for weed control in row crops....
Figure 10.4 Modified version of chaff lining kit on John Deere combine.
Figure 10.5 John Deere combine equipped with Redekop Seed Destructor.
Figure 10.6 Tractor-operated Weed Zapper for weed electrocution.
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 Interactions between soil moisture, soil temperature, and pathog...
Figure 11.2 Global distribution of
Sclerospora graminicola
, the causal patho...
Figure 11.3 Symptoms and signs of pearl millet infection by
Sclerospora gram
...
Figure 11.4 Disease cycle of pearl millet downy mildew caused by
Sclerospora
...
Figure 11.5 Symptoms and signs of false mildew caused by
Beniowskia sphaeroi
...
Figure 11.6 Signs of pearl millet ergot caused by
Claviceps fusiformi
s. (a) ...
Figure 11.7 Disease cycle of pearl millet ergot caused by
Claviceps fusiform
...
Figure 11.8 Distribution of head mold fungal species obtained from 15 litera...
Figure 11.9 Common mycotoxins associated with
Fusarium
(moniliformin, fusari...
Figure 11.10 Current names, synonymous names, and basionyms for members of t...
Figure 11.11 Foliar symptoms of several minor leaf spots of pearl millet inc...
Figure 11.12 Monocot hosts of the leaf spot and blight pathogens of millet. ...
Figure 11.13 Foliar lesions produced by
Pyricularia grisea
, the causal agent...
Figure 11.14 Pearl millet rust pustules (uredinia) on the leaf blade and mid...
Figure 11.15 Disease cycle of pearl millet rust caused by
Puccinia substriat
...
Figure 11.16 Pearl millet smut caused by
Moesziomyces bullatus
. (a) Infected...
Figure 11.17 Disease cycle of pearl millet smut caused by
Moesziomyces bulla
...
Figure 11.18 Example of witchweed (
Striga hermonthica
) growing from the base...
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 Dead heart symptom at seedling stage.
Figure 12.2 Cat’s tail symptom at panicle stage.
Figure 12.3 Stem borer symptom.
Figure 12.4 Silver earhead/empty earhead symptom.
Figure 12.5 White grub.
Figure 12.6
Helicoverpa armigera
.
Figure 12.7
Amsacta
spp.
Figure 12.8
Eublemma silicule
.
Figure 12.9 Leaf roller/binder.
Figure 12.10 Millet head miner.
Figure 12.11
Myllocerus subfasciatus
.
Figure 12.12 Fall armyworm damage on pearl millet.
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1 Mapping of pearl millet accessions based on the global database ...
Figure 13.2 Potential uses of grain and fodder of the dual-purpose pearl mil...
Figure 13.3 Animal production system developed using a millet straw base rat...
Figure 13.4 Comparison of traditional millet variety (Souna 3) and dual-purp...
Figure 13.5 Forage biomass yields of two millet varieties (Souna 3 and Thial...
Figure 13.6 Biomass (a) and grain (b) yield for different varieties across n...
Figure 13.7 Finlay-Wilkinson results for biomass (a, b) and grain (c, d) yie...
Figure 13.8 Mean grain (_G) and fodder (_F) response of pearl millet sole cr...
Figure 13.9 Grain yield (a) and shoot dry weight (b) in pearl millet under t...
Figure 13.10 Voluntary feed intake of the upper and lower parts of the tradi...
Figure 13.11 Forage bulk values of the upper and lower parts of the millet v...
Figure 13.12 Digestibility of the dry matter of fodder consisting of the upp...
Figure 13.13 Digestibility of organic matter in fodder consisting of the upp...
Figure 13.14 Digestibility of total nitrogenous matter in fodder consisting ...
Figure 13.15 Crude fiber digestibility (CFD) of fodder consisting of the upp...
Figure 13.16 Digestibility of non-nitrogenous extracts of fodder consisting ...
Figure 13.17 Milk fodder unit (MFU) values of the upper and lower parts of t...
Figure 13.18 Values of the meat fodder units (MtFUs) of the upper and lower ...
Figure 13.19 Digestible N matter of the upper and lower parts of the traditi...
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1 Processing of pearl millet.
Figure 14.2 Value-added products of pearl millet in markets.
Figure 14.3 Percentage of products by start-ups in the millets’ sector.
Figure 14.4 Percentage of different millets in products by start-ups support...
Figure 14.5 Bajra VAP growth rate organized.
Figure 14.6 Trends in MSP versus area—bajra.
Figure 14.7 Indian Bajra exports in 000’ tons.
Figure 14.8 Share of different millets in exports from India.
Chapter 15
Figure 15.1 Challenges associated with the utilization of pearl millet and s...
Guide
Cover
Table of Contents
Editors
Contributors
Title Page
Copyright
Foreword
Begin Reading
End User License Agreement
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Editors
Ramasamy Perumal, PhD, is the Professor of Sorghum and Pearl Millet breeding at Kansas State University. His research focuses on the release of several seed and pollinator parents with heat/chill and drought tolerance and mapping populations. He completed his PhD in Plant Breeding and Genetics in 1993 from the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India. Dr. Perumal is the receipient of The Rockefeller Foundation Post Doctoral Fellow Award in Sorghum Biotechnology (1998–2000).
P. V. Vara Prasad, PhD, is the University Distinguished Professor, R.O. Kruse Professor of Agriculture and Director of the Feed the Future Sustainable Intensificaiton Innovation Lab at Kansas State University. Dr. Prasad received his MS from Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, India, and his PhD from the University of Reading, United Kingdom. His research focuses on understanding responses of crops to changing environments and developing best management strategies to improve and protect yields. He is an elected fellow of the American Society of Agronomy; the Crop Science Society of America; the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is a former President of the Crop Science Society of America.
C. Tara Satyavathi, PhD, is the Director, Indian Council of Agriculture Research-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India. She has also steered the Global Centre of Excellence for Millets (Research & Development) since 2023. She received her PhD from the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Dr. Satyavathi is recipient of many awards including; Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Outstanding Woman Scientist (2016), Outstanding Millet Scientist (2018), Outstanding Research Contribution in Pearl Millet Improvement (2008, 2018, 2021), Dr. M. S. Swaminathan Outstanding Woman Scientist (2019) and Eminent Scientist (2023).
Mahalingam Govindaraj, PhD, is currently a Senior Scientist for Crop Development at HarvestPlus and the Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture. He coordinates the biofortification crop development research network and builds research capacities for biofortification. Dr. Govindaraj received his PhD from Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India, specializing in plant breeding and genetics Dr. Govindaraj is the recipient of many awards including; International Scholar in 2009, Young Scentsit in 2016and Norman E. Borlaug Award for Field Research and Application in 2022.
Abdou Tenkouano, PhD, is the Director General of the International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Kenya. Prior to this he served as the Executive Director of CORAF (the West and Central Africa Council for Agricultural Research and Development), an International non-profit Association of National Agricultural Research and Development institutions from 23 countries, with headquarters in Dakar, Senegal. His academic background is in crop science, with a PhD in Genetics (1993) and a MSc in Plant Breeding (1990) from Texas A&M University.
Contributors
Krishnam Raju Addanki
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid
Tropics, (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
Supriya Ambawat
ICAR-AICRP on Pearl Millet, Agriculture University
Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Srikanth Bollam
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
Ignacio A. Ciampitti
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas, USA
Omar Diack
Center of Excellence on Dry Cereals and Associated Crops (CERAAS)
Thies, Senegal
Abdoulaye Dieng
Center of Excellence on Dry Cereals and Associated Crops (CERAAS)
Thies, Senegal
Antonio DiTommaso
School of Integrative Plant Science, Soil and Crop Sciences Section, Cornell University
Ithaca, New York, USA
Mamadou T. Diaw
Center of Excellence on Dry Cereals and Associated Crops (CERAAS)
Thies, Senegal
Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman
Department of Crop Physiology
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
Coimbatore, India
Aliou Faye
Center of Excellence on Dry Cereals and Associated Crops (CERAAS)
Thies, Senegal
Prakash I. Gangashetty
International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
Mahalingam Govindaraj
HarvestPlus, Alliance of Bioversity (CIAT), and International and the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
S. K. Gupta
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
Drabo Inoussa
CIMMYT
Senegal, Africa
Jagdish Jaba
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
Prashant Jha
Department, Plant, Environment Management & Soil Sciences
Louisiana State University
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
Rajkumar P. Juneja
Pearl Millet Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University
Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
Ghislain Kanfany
Senegalese Agricultural Research Institute – ISRA
Thies, Senegal
Vinutha Kanuganahalli
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
Vikas Khandelwal
ICAR-AICRP on Pearl Millet, Agriculture University
Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Kassim-Al-Khatib
Department of Plant Sciences
University of California
Davis, California, USA
Shreeja Kulla
ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research
Hyderabad, India
Vipan Kumar
School of Integrative Plant Science, Soil and Crop Sciences Section, Cornell University
Ithaca, New York, USA
Christopher R. Little
Department of Plant Pathology
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas, USA
Talla Lo
Center of Excellence on Dry Cereals and Associated Crops (CERAAS)
Thies, Senegal
R. S. Mahala
SeedWorks International Pvt. Ltd.
Hyderabad, India
Mahesh Mahendrakar
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
Sandeep Marla
Department of Agronomy
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas, USA
Doohong Min
Department of Agronomy
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas, USA
Rezazadeh Mohammed
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Bamako, Mali.
Anuradha Narala
ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research
Hyderabad, India
Augustine Obour
Kansas State University, Agricultural Research Center
Hays, Kansas, USA
Sushil Pandey
ICAR-National Bureau of Plants Genetic Resources (NBPGR)
New Delhi, India
Sabreena A. Parray
Department of Agronomy
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas, USA
Ramasamy Perumal
Agricultural Research Center, Kansas State University
Hays, Kansas, USA
Shivaprasad Doddabematti Prakash
Department of Grain Science and Industry
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas, USA
P. V. Vara Prasad
Department of Agronomy
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas, USA
A. S. Priyanka
Department of Crop Physiology
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University
Tamil Nadu, India
Mahesh Pujar
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
Manoj Kumar Pulivarthi
Department of Grain Science and Industry
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas, USA
Dayakar Rao
ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research
Hyderabad, India
P. Rakshith
International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
Ajay P. Ramalingam
Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas, USA
P. Sanjana Reddy
ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research
Hyderabad, India
Mohammed Riyazaddin
International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
C. Tara Satyavathi
ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research
Hyderabad, India
Desalegn D. Serba
USDA-ARS, Water Management and Conservation Research: Maricopa
Arizona, USA
Arun K. Shanker
Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture
Hyderabad, India
Rajan Sharma
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
Kaliramesh Siliveru
Department of Grain Science and Industry
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas, USA
Kuldeep Singh
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
Parvaze A. Sofi
Stress Physiology Lab, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Sciences and Technology-Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir, India
Rakesh K. Srivastava
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
Abdou Tenkouano
Director General of the International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe)
Kenya
Nepolean Thirunavukkarasu
ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research
Hyderabad, India
Timothy C. Todd
Department of Plant Pathology
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas, USA
Midhat Zulafkar Tugoo
Department of Agronomy
Kansas State University
Manhattan, Kansas, USA
S. J. Vaishnavi
Department of Crop Physiology
School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
Tamil Nadu, India
Mani Vetriventhan
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)
Hyderabad, India
Veeresh S. Wali
ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research
Hyderabad, India
O. P. Yadav
ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI)
Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
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Pearl Millet
A Resilient Cereal Crop for Food, Nutrition, and Climate Security
Edited by
Ramasamy Perumal, P. V. Vara Prasad, C. Tara Satyavathi, Mahalingam Govindaraj, and Abdou Tenkouano
Copyright © 2025 American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Crop Science Society of America, Inc. and Soil Science Society of America, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Foreword
World-wide climatic changes, including unpredictable and highly variable precipitation, intermittent drought, and high temperatures, are becoming common challenges for crop cultivation throughout the growing season. These challenges are creating a slow-developing crisis that threatens the long-term sustainability of global food production. Overall, we are seeing more irrigated land converting to dryland, reduced crop yields, and lower land values. At the same time, the demand for food is continually increasing as the world’s population grows, reaching a projected nine billion by 2050.
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) is a climate resilient, water-use efficient, dryland crop. Globally, it is the sixth most important crop after rice, wheat, corn, barley, and sorghum. Pearl millet is a valuable alternative resource to traditionally grown grains and forages and can increase the profitability of cropping systems in dryland cultivation. Pearl millet can be grown in difficult or harsh conditions, including areas of low soil fertility, high pH, low soil moisture, high temperature, high salinity and limited rainfall, where other cereals like maize, rice, sorghum and wheat would fail. Pearl millet is a staple food for approximately 90 million people in Africa, and Asia, and its stalks are used as green and dry fodder for livestock. This book will explore the potential of pearl millet to play a significant role in ensuring global food, forage and nutrition security, particularly in the face of changing climate scenarios.
Pearl Millet is traditionally grown as a subsistence crop in the Sahel region of West Africa. It is well suited to this arid and hot region. Pearl Millet is more nutritious than maize, rice, wheat, and sorghum because its grain contains higher levels of protein, vitamins and essential micronutrients such as iron and zinc. This nutri-cereal crop has the potential to reduce malnutrition in developing countries. It also has the potential to grow in many new areas such as the United States, where it has great potential for the future for both grain and forage. Besides its grain nutritional value, pearl millet also genetically possesses several forage attributes. For example, a short growing season, high photosynthetic efficiency, thin stem more tillers, low lignin increased digestibility, and no prussic acid (animal can be grazed at any growing stages) can make pearl millet a suitable alternative to drought-sensitive food/feed crops in regions with receding groundwater levels, e.g., the Ogallala Aquifer Region.
To highlight the value and potential importance of millets at the global level, the United Nations declared the year 2023 as the “International Year of Millets.” We hope this monograph complements and supports the work of the UN by focusing on this valuable crop. Throughout the book the author team explores the genetic and genomic resources of pearl millet, crop production strategies, stress tolerance, nutritional value of grain and forage, and strategies for further research for overall crop improvement. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the extensive and diverse team of experienced scientists who contributed to this important work. I sincerely believe this monograph will become a significant reference as we battle food security and the challenges faced by climate change.
P. V. Vara PrasadDirector, Sustainable Intensification Innovation LabUniversity Distinguished Professor, Crop EcophysiologyR.O. Kruse Professorship in AgricultureFormer President, Crop Science Society of America (2021)
