Principles of Goat Disease and Prevention E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Fachliteratur
- Sprache: Englisch
PRINCIPLES OF GOAT DISEASE AND PREVENTION Learn to diagnose, treat, and clinically manage a wide variety of diseases in goats?? In Principles of Goat Disease and Prevention, veterinary medicine expert Dr. Tanmoy Rana delivers a singularly informative resource covering infectious diseases affecting ruminant animals. The book offers key insights into the most important aspects of common and unusual diseases affecting goats, providing clinical management best practices for veterinary practitioners engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of ruminant diseases.?? The author explains ruminant disease, as well as its diagnosis and treatment, systematically, explaining the etiopathogenesis of various pathogens, clinical symptoms, disease prevention and control, and the most recent advances in identifying and treating diseases in goats. Readers will also find: * A thorough introduction to managing nutrition in goats * Comprehensive explorations of the handling and restraining of goats for the purpose of veterinary treatment * Practical discussions of the collection, preservation, processing, and shipment of clinical materials in the treatment of goats * Fulsome treatments of parasitic, bacterial, fungal, viral, and other diseases of goats, as well as the management of pain from surgery and lameness Perfect for undergraduate, postgraduate, and doctoral students studying veterinary medicine, Principles of Goat Disease and Prevention will also benefit practitioners and students with an interest in studying or preventing disease in ruminants.????
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Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Principles of Goat Disease and Prevention
Copyright
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Global Distribution
1.3 Advantages of Goat Rearing
1.4 Goat Milk and Products
1.5 Chevon
1.6 Fiber and Other Products
1.7 Goat Production System
1.8 Constraints in Goat Farming
1.9 Economics of Disease in Goats
1.10 Goat Diseases and Public Health
1.11 Prevention of Disease
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
2 Nutrition and Management of Goats
2.1 Essential Nutrients for Goats
2.2 Nutrition and Management of Kids
2.3 Nutrition and Management of Goats
2.4 Goat Management during the Breeding Season
2.5 Housing Management of Goats
2.6 General Goat Husbandry Practices
2.7 Conclusion
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
Further Reading
3 Handling and Restraining of Goats
3.1 Purposes of Handling and Restraining
3.2 Basics of Animal Behavior Associated with Handling
3.3 Methods to Assess Reaction to Handling or Restraining
3.4 Advantages and Procedures of Adapting Goats to Handling and Restraint
3.5 Points to Be Kept in Mind while Handling Goats
3.6 Approach
3.7 Different Methods for Handling and Restraining Goats
3.8 Handling Kids
3.9 Handling Goats during Transportation
3.10 Handing Goats for Administration of Medication
3.11 Handling and Restraining Goats during Shearing
3.12 Restraining Animals Using Drugs
3.13 Good Stockmanship
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
4 Clinical Findings of Diseases of Goats
4.1 Diagnosis of Skin Diseases by Clinical Findings
4.2 Diagnosis of Diseases by Clinical Findings of the Gastrointestinal System
4.3 Diagnosis of Diseases by Clinical Findings of the Respiratory System
4.4 Diagnosis of Diseases by Clinical Findings of the Urinary System
4.5 Diagnosis of Diseases by Clinical Findings of the Musculoskeletal System
4.6 Diagnosis of Nervous System Diseases by Clinical Findings
4.7 Diagnosis of Disease by Clinical Findings of the Udder
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
5 Collection, Preservation, Processing, and Dispatch of Clinical Material of Goats
5.1 Why Are Samples Collected?
5.2 Who Should Collect the Samples?
5.3 Sample Collection and Emergency Preparedness
5.4 Various Samples and Sample Collection Methods from Diseased Goats
5.5 Submission/Dispatch of Specimens to the Diagnostic Laboratory
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
6 Parasitic Diseases of Goats
6.1 Common Trematode Diseases of Goats
6.2 Common Tapeworm Diseases of Goats
6.3 Common Roundworm Infections of Goats
6.4 General Aspects of Preventing Parasitic Disease in Goats
6.5 Anthelmintics
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
7 Mycoplasma, Rickettsia, and Chlamydia Diseases of Goats
7.1 Mycoplasma
7.2 Rickettsia
7.3 Chlamydia
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
Further Readings
8 Bacterial Diseases of Goats
8.1 Anthrax
8.2 Pneumonia
8.3 Brucellosis
8.4 Blackquarter (Blackleg)
8.5 Tetanus
8.6 Caseous Lymphadenitis
8.7 Foot Rot
8.8 Dermatophilosis (Streptothricosis)
8.9 Malignant Edema (Gas Gangrene)
8.10 Enterotoxemia
8.11 Colibacillosis
8.12 Salmonellosis
8.13 Botulism
8.14 Infectious Necrotic Hepatitis
8.15 Johne's Disease
8.16 Mastitis
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
9 Fungal Diseases of Goats
9.1 Fundamentals of Fungal Diseases of Goats
9.2 Dermatophytosis in the Goat: Ringworm, Tinea
9.3 Diseases Caused by Yeast
9.4 Diseases Caused by Molds
9.5 Diseases Caused by Multiple Agents
9.6 Diseases Caused by Algae: Protothecosis in Goats
9.7 Keratinophilic Fungi
9.8 Mycotoxins in Feed and Milk of Sheep and Goats
9.9 Conclusion
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
10 Viral Diseases of Goats
10.1 Peste des Petits Ruminants
10.2 Goat Pox
10.3 Foot and Mouth Disease
10.4 Caprine Arthritis and Encephalitis
10.5 Rabies
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
11 Transboundary, Emerging, and Exotic Diseases of Goats
11.1 Peste des Petits Ruminants
11.2 Foot and Mouth Disease
11.3 Goat Pox
11.4 Rift Valley Fever
11.5 Control Strategy for Transboundary Animal Diseases
11.6 Conclusion
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
12 Production Diseases of Goats
12.1 Body Condition Scoring in Goats and Its Significance in Relation to Production Diseases
12.2 Factors Affecting Nutritional Requirements in Goats
12.3 Major Production Diseases Encountered in Goats
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
Further Reading
13 Poisoning in Goats
13.1 Toxic Plant Poisoning
13.2 Mycotoxin Poisoning
13.3 Pesticide Poisoning
13.4 Heavy Metal and Mineral Element Poisoning
13.5 Nitrite/Nitrate Poisoning
13.6 Urea Poisoning
13.7 Sulfur Poisoning
13.8 Fluorosis
13.9 Feed Additive/Ionophore Toxicity
13.10 Snake‐Bite Envenomation in Goats
13.11 Conclusion
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
14 Genetic Diseases of Goats
14.1 Congenital Abnormalities
14.2 Congenital Anomalies of the Head and Neck
14.3 True Hermaphroditism
14.4 Ovarian Dysgerminoma
14.5 Complex Vertebral Malformation
14.6 Syndactylism (“Mule Foot”)
14.7 Acroteriasis
14.8 Spinal Muscular Atrophy
14.9 Chromosomal Aberrations
14.10 Classical Scrapie in Goats
14.11 Defects of Spermatozoa
14.12 Ectopic Heart (Ectopia Cordis Pectoralis)
14.13 Congenital Anomalies of the Pelvis and Perineum
14.14 Metabolic Diseases Due to a Genetic Defect
14.15 Breed‐Specific Diseases
14.16 Other Genetic Disorders
14.17 Identification of Genetic Traits and Known Causal Mutations
14.18 Conclusion
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
15 Protozoan Diseases in Goats
15.1 Babesiosis
15.2 Theileriosis
15.3 Anaplasmosis in the Goat
15.4 Coccidiosis in the Goat
15.5 Cryptosporidiosis
15.6 Toxoplasmosis
15.7 Sarcocystosis
15.8 General Approaches to Minimizing Parasitic Infections on a Goat Farm
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
16 Metabolic Diseases in Goats
16.1 Polioencephalomalacia
16.2 Pregnancy Toxemia
16.3 Periparturient Hypocalcemia
16.4 Hypomagnesemia
16.5 Urolithiasis
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
17 Nutritional Deficiency Diseases in Goats
17.1 Deficiency of Water
17.2 Deficiency of Energy
17.3 Deficiency of Protein
17.4 Deficiency of Fiber
17.5 Deficiency of Minerals
17.6 Deficiency of Vitamins
17.7 Deficiency of Vitamin D
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
18 Diagnostic Techniques in Goats
18.1 Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
18.2 Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases
18.3 Diagnosis of Metabolic and Production Diseases
18.4 Diagnostic Tests Relevant to Cerebrospinal Fluid Alterations and Organ Functions
18.5 Liver, Kidney, and Pancreatic Function Tests
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
19 Management of Pain from Surgery and Lameness in Goats
19.1 Pathophysiology of Pain
19.2 Arthritis
19.3 Recognition of Pain
19.4 Analgesics Available
19.5 Non‐pharmacological Therapies
19.6 Regulatory Concerns
19.7 Strategies for Analgesia in Goats
19.8 Management of Osteoarthritis
19.9 Future Directions
19.10 Conclusion
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
20 Antimicrobial Resistance in Goat Production Practices
20.1 Causes of Antimicrobial Resistance
20.2 Types of Antimicrobial Resistance
20.3 Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance
20.4 Barriers to Effective Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance
20.5 Present Status of Antimicrobial Resistance in Goat Production Practices
20.6 Conclusion
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
21 Prevention and Control Strategy in Combating Diseases of Goats
21.1 Control of Infectious Diseases
21.2 Control of Endoparasites/Internal Parasites
21.3 Control of Ectoparasites/External Parasites
21.4 Control of Protozoal Infections
21.5 Diseases of Nutrition and Metabolism
21.6 Poisonous Plants
21.7 Pregnancy Toxemia
Multiple‐Choice Questions
References
Answers
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Chapter 18
Chapter 19
Chapter 20
Chapter 21
Index
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 2
Table 2.1 Feeding of goat kids (0–90 days).
Table 2.2 Scientific feeding schedule for pregnant goats under intensive an...
Table 2.3 Essential interventions for management of breeding bucks.
Table 2.4 Floor space, feeding, and watering space for goats.
Chapter 3
Table 3.1 Space requirements during transport.
Chapter 4
Table 4.1 Diagnosis of skin diseases based on lesions seen on various body ...
Chapter 5
Table 5.1 Important diseases of goat, their clinical signs, and samples col...
Table 5.2 Specimens to be collected in suspected cases of poisoning.
Chapter 6
Table 6.1
Avitellina
species of goats.
Table 6.2 FAMACHA score card.
Table 6.3 Commonly used anthelmintics and their doses.
Chapter 7
Table 7.1 List of diseases caused by
Mycoplasma
spp. in goats.
Table 7.2 Current and former taxonomic names of
Mycoplasma
,
Rickettsia
, and...
Table 7.3 Genes targeted for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification...
Table 7.4 Differentiating features of
Mycoplasma
spp. causing contagious ag...
Table 7.5 Arthropod vectors involved in the transmission of
Mycoplasma
and
Chapter 8
Table 8.1 Bacterial diseases of goats.
Chapter 9
Table 9.1 Fungal infections of goats.
Chapter 10
Table 10.1 Commonly used vaccines against sheep pox virus (SPV), goat pox v...
Chapter 11
Table 11.1 Major transboundary animal diseases.
Chapter 12
Table 12.1 Criteria to evaluate the body condition score in goats.
Table 12.2 Changes in energy requirement in pregnant does of 70 kg with or ...
Chapter 13
Table 13.1 Toxicants causing poisoning in goats and their therapeutic manag...
Chapter 14
Table 14.1 Genotypes and phenotypes associated with scrapie in the goat.
Chapter 15
Table 15.1 Major parasites affecting goats.
Table 15.2 Common species of
Sarcocystis
in the goat.
Table 15.3 Antiprotozoals for use in the goat.
Table 15.4 Acaricides for use in the goat.
Chapter 17
Table 17.1 Interrelationship of gross energy (GE) and total digestible nutr...
Table 17.2 Essential minerals for the goat.
Table 17.3 Interaction of minerals with other compounds.
Table 17.4 Notable water‐soluble vitamin deficiencies in the goat.
Chapter 18
Table 18.1 Common infectious diseases of the goat.
Chapter 19
Table 19.1 Analgesic dose table for goats.
Chapter 20
Table 20.1 Resistant antimicrobials along with infectious pathogens in the ...
Table 20.2 Antimicrobial resistance reported from different geographical lo...
Chapter 21
Table 21.1 Bacterial and viral diseases.
Table 21.2 Endoparasites affecting the goat.
Table 21.3 Common pesticides used for control of ectoparasites in animals....
Table 21.4
Eimeria
species identified in goats.
Table 21.5 Mineral deficiencies.
Table 21.6 Vitamin deficiencies.
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 Global goat population, 1961–2020.
Figure 1.2 Country‐wise distribution of largest goat producers in 2020.
Figure 1.3 A flock of goats.
Figure 1.4 Goats grazing in a field.
Figure 1.5 An owner with his goat.
Figure 1.6 Udder inflammation of denoting a disease.
Figure 1.7 Foot rot disease of goats.
Chapter 2
Figure 2.1 Comparison in the composition of colostrum with mature milk from ...
Figure 2.2 Feeding of Beetal goats (hexagonal feeder).
Figure 2.3 Bottle feeding to Beetal twin kids.
Figure 2.4 Testicular biometry recording of a Gaddi buck during breeding sou...
Figure 2.5 Dipping of Gaddi goats for prophylaxis against ectoparasites.
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 Goats are herd animals by nature.
Figure 3.2 Holding a kid.
Figure 3.3 Holding a goat between the handler's knees to show the posterior....
Figure 3.4 Holding a goat by the collar.
Figure 3.5 Rumping.
Figure 3.6 Restraining a goat by holding its jaw.
Figure 3.7 Restraining a goat by holding its jaw and forelegs.
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 Dry crusty lesions of contagious ecthyma on the lips of a goat.
Figure 4.2 Alopecia on the nose of a goat.
Figure 4.3 Abdominal distension in a goat.
Figure 4.4 Causes of diarrhea.
Figure 4.5 Goat kid showing an opisthotonus posture.
Figure 4.6 Clinical findings in anemia.
Figure 4.7 Inflamed, bluish discoloration of the udder and skin of the teat ...
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 A goat with a two‐day‐old foot and mouth disease lesion (arrow)....
Figure 5.2 Sample collection from a ruptured vesicle.
Figure 5.3 Types of blood collection tubes.
Figure 5.4 Blood collection from the jugular vein of a goat.
Chapter 6
Figure 6.1 Gross specimen of adult liver fluke recovered from a goat.
Figure 6.2 Life cycle of
Fasciola
spp.
Figure 6.3 Life cycle of
Dicrocoelium
spp.
Figure 6.4 Clear, operculated eggs of paramphistome in goat fecal sample (40...
Figure 6.5 Adult paramphistomes recovered from goat rumen.
Figure 6.6 Triangular‐shaped
Moniezia
spp. egg (circled) in goat fecal sampl...
Figure 6.7 Adult
Avitellina
species tapeworms.
Figure 6.8 Life cycle of
Trichuris
spp.
Figure 6.9 Barrel‐shaped
Trichuris
eggs with conspicuous plugs at both ends ...
Figure 6.10 Life cycle of
Haemonchus
spp.
Figure 6.11 Strongyle egg in goat fecal sample (10×).
Figure 6.12 Strongyle egg in goat fecal sample (40×).
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 Details of
Mycoplasma mycoides
cluster.Created using www.mind...
Figure 7.2 Transmission of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in goats.
Figure 7.3
Mycoplasma
spp. involved in MAKePS syndrome.
Figure 7.4 Transmission and pathogenesis of
Anaplasma ovis
.
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Organs/tissues affected by various bacterial diseases. Tetanus ➔ ...
Figure 8.2 Pathogenesis of pneumonia in goats.
Figure 8.3 Abortion of goat because of brucellosis.
Figure 8.4 Tetany in a kid. Tetany of the masseter muscles causes drooling o...
Figure 8.5 Diarrheic goat with pasty feces.
Figure 8.6 Inflammation of udder.
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 Grayish‐white crusted lesions, in circular or extensive irregular...
Figure 9.2 (a, b) Fungal infections in goats. (c) Skin scrapings collected f...
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 (a) Mouth lesions, (b) and nasal discharge, and (c) dullness and...
Figure 10.2 Pox lesions in the goat.
Figure 10.3 (a, b) Mouth lesions of foot and mouth disease in the goat.
Figure 10.4 (a, b) Arthritis, wasting, and starting abortion of goats suffer...
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 World Organisation for Animal Health members' official peste des...
Figure 11.2 (a) Eyelids gummed together and nostrils blocked by purulent dis...
Figure 11.3 World Organisation for Animal Health members' official foot and ...
Figure 11.4 (a) Goat pox often begins as a macular rash over the surface of ...
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 Assessment criteria for body condition score in a Beetal goat. (...
Figure 12.2 Regular feeding of concentrate to Beetal and Jakrana goats reare...
Figure 12.3 Flowchart of events and clinical signs due to hypocalcemia in go...
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1 Common causes of poisoning in goats.
Figure 13.2 Common toxic plants causing poisoning in goats. (a)
Latana camar
...
Figure 13.3 Mechanism of action of nitrate and nitrite poisoning in goats.
Chapter 14
Figure 14.1 Hereditary chondrodysplasia.
Figure 14.2 Unilateral carpal flexion of goats.
Figure 14.3 Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus.
Figure 14.4 Entropion.
Figure 14.5 Syndactylism.
Figure 14.6 Classical scrapie.
Figure 14.7 Alopecia caused by the animal scratching or rubbing against hard...
Chapter 15
Figure 15.1 Koch blue bodies characteristic of theileriosis inside the lymph...
Figure 15.2
Eimeria
oocysts in a fecal sample of a goat.
Figure 15.3
Cryptosporidium
oocysts after modified Ziehl‐Neelson staining.
Figure 15.4 Purified tachyzoites from intraperitoneal lavage after staining ...
Figure 15.5 Metrozoites released after acid digestion of goat tissue (Percol...
Chapter 16
Figure 16.1 Most common metabolic disorders in goats.
Figure 16.2 Main causes of polioencephalomalacia.
Figure 16.3 Main predisposing factors for pregnancy toxemia in goats.
Figure 16.4 Three fetuses from a Boer doe that died from pregnancy toxemia....
Figure 16.5 Liver from a pregnant Boer doe that died from pregnancy toxemia ...
Figure 16.6 After penile exteriorization, observed necrosis of the urethral ...
Figure 16.7 Urethral obstruction by uroliths at the sigmoid flexure. Note th...
Figure 16.8 Kidney from a goat with urolithiasis showing hydronephrosis, dif...
Figure 16.9 Urinary bladder presenting numerous uroliths and hemorrhagic cys...
Chapter 17
Figure 17.1 Pregnancy toxemia in a goat.
Figure 17.2 Copper deficiency in a kid showing posterior paralysis and inabi...
Figure 17.3 (a, b) Nutritional muscular dystrophy in a Bengal goat kid respo...
Figure 17.4 Deficiency of vitamin A in a kid showing skeletal weakness and i...
Figure 17.5 (a, b) Torticollis in goat due to thiamine deficiency.
Chapter 18
Figure 18.1 Contagious ecthyma in a goat.
Figure 18.2 Goat pox in Pashmina goats.
Figure 18.3
Mycoplasma
colony.
Figure 18.4 Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Figure 18.5 Agglutination test.
Figure 18.6 California mastitis test.
Figure 18.7 Antibiotic sensitivity test.
Figure 18.8 Parasitic eggs in a fecal sample.
Chapter 19
Figure 19.1 An example of the pathway of nociception in the goat, and a list...
Figure 19.2 Various presentations of arthritis in goats. (a) Septic arthriti...
Figure 19.3 Placement of a fentanyl transdermal patch (FTP) on a 2‐year‐old ...
Figure 19.4 Electroacupuncture in a 3‐year‐old Nubian Whether for pain manag...
Figure 19.5 Placement of an epidural catheter. (a) Insertion of the Tuohy ne...
Chapter 20
Figure 20.1 Different biological causes of antimicrobial resistance in the g...
Figure 20.2 Mechanism of natural resistance in antimicrobial resistance.
Figure 20.3 Mechanism of vertical gene transfer in antimicrobial resistance....
Figure 20.4 Mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in antimicrobial resistanc...
Chapter 21
Figure 21.1 Small‐scale animal rearing.
Figure 21.2 An organized animal farm.
Figure 21.3 (a, b) Various manifestations of disease.
Figure 21.4 A goat that died due to disease.
Figure 21.5 A swollen udder.
Figure 21.6 Preventive strategy to control disease before the entrance of ne...
Figure 21.7 Maintenance of good herd management.
Figure 21.8 Control measures for endoparasites on the farm.
Figure 21.9 Control protocol for ectoparasites.
Figure 21.10 Control measures for protozoal infection.
Guide
Cover Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contributors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
Begin Reading
Answers
Index
WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT
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Principles of Goat Disease and Prevention
Edited by
Tanmoy Rana
Department of Veterinary Clinical Complex,
West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences,
Kolkata, India
Copyright © 2024 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.Published simultaneously in Canada.
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Contributors
Rajesh AgrawalFaculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal HusbandrySher‐e‐Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology‐JammuRanbir Singh Pura, UT Jammu & Kashmir, India
Shailesh K. BhavsarDepartment of Veterinary Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Veterinary Science and Animal HusbandryKamdhenu UniversityAnand, Gujarat, India
Suman BiswasDepartment of Avian SciencesFaculty of Veterinary & Animal SciencesWest Bengal University of Animal & Fishery SciencesMohanpur, West Bengal, India
Antônio C.L. CâmaraLarge Animal Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversidade de BrasíliaBrasília, Brazil
Gauri A. ChandratreDepartment of Veterinary Public Health and EpidemiologyCollege of Veterinary SciencesLala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesHisar, Haryana, India
Gaurav CharayaDepartment of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary SciencesLala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesHisar, Haryana, India
G.K. Chetan KumarDepartment of Veterinary MedicineVeterinary College HassanKarnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences UniversityHassan, Karnataka, India
Sunita ChoudharyDepartment of Clinical Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary & Animal SciencesRajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal SciencesBikaner, Rajasthan, India
Bhupamani DasDepartment of ClinicsCollege of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry SardarkrushinagarKamdhenu UniversityGandhinagar, Gujarat, India
Jasleen KaurDepartment of Veterinary MicrobiologyCollege of Veterinary SciencesLala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesHisar, Haryana, India
K. Justin DavisDepartment of Veterinary Epidemiology & Preventive MedicineCollege of Veterinary & Animal SciencesMannuthy, Kerala, India
Rabjot KourDepartment of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary ScienceGuru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityRampura Phul, Punjab, India
Savleen KourFaculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal HusbandrySher‐e‐Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology‐JammuRanbir Singh Pura, UT Jammu & Kashmir, India
Padmanath KrishnanTamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityChennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaVeterinary Clinical ComplexVeterinary College and Research InstituteTheni, Tamil Nadu, India
Rohit KumarDepartment of Livestock Production ManagementDr GC Negi College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesCSKHPKVPalampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
Chinmoy MajiNorth 24 Parganas Krishi Vigyan KendraWest Bengal University of Animal & Fishery SciencesAshokenagar, West Bengal, India
Kruti Debnath MandalTeaching Veterinary Clinical ComplexFaculty of Veterinary and Animal SciencesInstitute of Agricultural ScienceBenaras Hindu UniversityMirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Vipin MauryaDepartment of Livestock Production ManagementFaculty of Veterinary & Animal SciencesInstitute of Agricultural SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityMirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Falguni MridhaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical ComplexWest Bengal University of Animal & Fishery SciencesKolkata, West Bengal, India
Pierre‐Yves MulonDepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxville, TN, USA
Mohsina MushtaqDivision of Veterinary Clinical ComplexFaculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry ShuhamaSher E Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Simant Kumar NandaFisheries and ARD DepartmentGovernment of OdishaKoraput, Odisha, India
Panikkaparambil ShilpaVeterinary SurgeonVeterinary Dispensary, VilayurPalakkad, Kerala, India
Oveas R. ParrayDivision of Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry ShuhamaSher E Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Ranjani RajasekaranDepartment of Veterinary MicrobiologyVeterinary College and Research InstituteTheni, Tamil Nadu, IndiaTamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityChennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Tanmoy RanaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical ComplexWest Bengal University of Animal & Fishery SciencesKolkata, West Bengal, India
Kamlesh A. SadariyaDepartment of Veterinary Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Veterinary Science and Animal HusbandryKamdhenu UniversityAnand, Gujarat, India
Pardeep SharmaDepartment of Veterinary MedicineDGCN College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesCSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi VishvavidyalayaPalampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
Pratishtha SharmaDepartment of Veterinary Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Veterinary & Animal SciencesRajasthan University of Veterinary & Animal SciencesBikaner, Rajasthan, India
Subir SinghDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Public HealthFaculty of Animal Science, Veterinary Science and FisheriesAgriculture and Forestry UniversityRampur Chitwan, Nepal
Joe S. SmithDepartment of Large Animal Clinical SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxville, TN, USA
Tamanna H. SolankiDepartment of Veterinary Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Veterinary Science and Animal HusbandryKamdhenu UniversityAnand, Gujarat, India
Benito Soto‐BlancoDepartment of Veterinary Clinics and SurgeryVeterinary SchoolUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
Vikrant SudanDepartment of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary ScienceGuru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityRampura Phul, Punjab, India
Deepak SumbriaDepartment of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary ScienceGuru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityRampura Phul, Punjab, India
Abhinav SutharDepartment of MedicineCollege of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry SardarkrushinagarKamdhenu UniversityGandhinagar, Gujarat, India
Abha TikooFaculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal HusbandrySher‐e‐Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology‐JammuRanbir Singh Pura, UT Jammu & Kashmir, India
Amita TiwariDepartment of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Science & Animal HusbandryNanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science UniversityJabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Shivangi UdainiyaDepartment of Veterinary MedicineCollege of Veterinary Science & Animal HusbandryNanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science UniversityJabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Rather I. Ul HaqDivision of Veterinary MedicineFaculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry ShuhamaSher E Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Hridya Susan VarugheseDepartment of Veterinary MicrobiologyVeterinary College, HebbalBangalore, Karnataka, IndiaKarnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries Sciences UniversityBidar, Karnataka, India
Mohammad I. YatooDivision of Veterinary Clinical ComplexFaculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry ShuhamaSher E Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Preface
Ruminants are mammals that have peculiar and specialized organs that can permit the fermentation of microbes from ingested materials before the process of digestion. The most common examples of ruminants are cattle, goats, and sheep. Goats were one of the first animals to be domesticated globally for the production of milk, meat, and skin. As they are voracious grazers, they are generally more susceptible to various diseases and disorders. This book emphasizes the various diseases that can affect goats, as well as how goats' health may impact human health simultaneously. The book encompasses nutritional management, the etiopathogenesis of goat diseases, diagnostic tools, prevention, and control. The types of diseases described include bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, production, and genetic diseases, as well as exotic disease. After completion of this book, readers will have acquired knowledge about the latest new thinking and understanding of a plethora of diseases affecting goats.
The main concept is to give ample information to veterinary surgeons who are actively involved in small farm animal, mixed, or small animal practices. This book will also act as a reference book for undergraduates, postgraduates, academics, and scientists. The book provides a wealth of information about diseases to provide a veterinarian with the support they need when treating caprine patients. It also describes how to improve the health as well as the productivity of goat herds and flocks. I expect the book to be helpful and interesting to clinicians, researchers, veterinary students, extension personnel, animal scientists, herd managers, and hobbyists alike.
Tanmoy Rana
Kolkata, India
Acknowledgments
I am extremely grateful to all contributors involved for contributing chapters to the book in the pandemic situation. I would like to convey my gratitude to Dr. Rituparna Bose, Health Sciences Editor, Jennifer Seward, Managing Editor, and other members of the Wiley staff who actively or indirectly gave me the opportunity to edit this text. Finally, I would like to acknowledge my wife for encouraging the writing and editing of this book as well as tolerating the time and attention that were required of me.
2Nutrition and Management of Goats
Rohit Kumar
Department of Livestock Production Management, Dr GC Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSKHPKV, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
Goat rearing started around 11 000 years ago and has played an important role to support humankind in terms of the production of milk, meat, cashmere/pashmina, mohair, skin, and manure. Further, goats' low costs of maintenance, high fecundity, easy marketing, and the social acceptance of their meat resulted in their being an ideal livelihood option for underprivileged rural households. There are around one billion goats and about 300 breeds worldwide. In India, there are 148.88 million goats (20th livestock census, 2019) and 37 registered breeds, which indicates the country's good indigenous stock in comparison to the rest of the world. The meat obtained from the goat is termed chevon, which makes up around 5% of the world's total meat consumption. The goat has long been a very popular animal in India and is known as the “poor man's cow,” representing 13.72% of total meat and 2.95% of total milk production in the country. These animals are highly fertile with superior reproductive potential in comparison to other livestock species. However, poor management can lead to failure of conception, loss of estrous cycles, and a decrease in the number of offspring in their lifetime. Scientific feeding, breeding, and management can play a key role in successful goat farming. This further depends upon an understanding of the fundamental scientific knowledge applicable in goat husbandry about their nutrition and management during different stages of their life.
2.1 Essential Nutrients for Goats
The six classes of nutrients that are essential in goat nutrition are protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, minerals, and water. These are necessary to sustain life and play an essential role in their growth, productivity, and reproductive performance.
2.1.1 Protein
The basic structure of a protein involves amino acids, which are utilized by the animal body to produce all the proteins required for growth, production, and maintenance. Generally, protein supplements are fed to ruminants to make up for dietary shortfalls. Much of the protein consumed is degraded by the rumen bacteria into amino acids, which are used to form bacterial protein. Bacterial protein can also be formed from non‐protein nitrogen (NPN) sources. Urea is the main NPN source used in ruminant feeding. However, goats are not fed with urea as frequently as cattle, as goats may be more prone to urea toxicity. Goats appear to be more efficient at nitrogen recycling from the body to the rumen in comparison to other species provided that sufficient energy is available. This helps to reduce the amount of protein required in the goat diet. Therefore, when goats are on low‐quality forage, a grain supplement may also help in the improvement of protein status by providing additional energy to ruminal microbes for microbial protein synthesis. Protein is required in higher amounts during growth (kids), milk synthesis (lactation), and mohair growth.
2.1.2 Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the major source of energy in goats. They can be simple (e.g. sugars) or complex (e.g. starch found in grains, or cellulose, i.e. fiber). Generally, goats consume high levels of cellulose in the form of grasses, leaves, forbs, and other plant species that must be digested in the rumen to provide energy. Feedstuffs with a lower level of fiber have a higher level of digestible energy. However, a certain minimum level of fiber is necessary for healthy rumen function. Fresh pastures and young plants may have highly digestible fiber and provide high energy
