Quantum Optics Devices on a Chip E-Book
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- Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
Quantum Optics Devices on a Chip provides a comprehensive understanding of how the integration of advanced quantum technologies and photonics is revolutionizing multiple industries, making it essential for anyone interested in the future of quantum innovation.
Quantum Optics Devices on a Chip is situated at the intersection of several disciplines and industries, driving advancements in quantum technology and integrated photonics. The development of quantum optics devices on a chip represents a significant breakthrough. Chip-scale integration involves designing and fabricating optical devices, such as waveguides, modulators, detectors, and light sources, on a micro- or nanoscale chip. This miniaturization enables the integration of multiple components on a single chip, leading to compact, efficient, and scalable quantum optical systems. Quantum sensing applications, such as magnetometry, gyroscopy, and biosensing, can benefit from miniaturized, high-performance devices integrated on a chip, allowing for the seamless integration of quantum optical functionalities with existing photonic circuits. This integration holds promise for applications in telecommunications, data communication, and optical signal processing.
Overall, the development of quantum optics devices on a chip represents a significant step forward in the advancement of quantum technology. It brings together principles from physics, materials science, engineering, and computer science to enable the practical implementation of quantum phenomena for a wide range of applications across industries. Quantum Optics Devices on a Chip serves as a comprehensive guide to this rapidly evolving field, providing insights and knowledge, exploring the contributions it has made to the disciplinary and industrial development of quantum optics devices on a chip.
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Table of Contents
Cover
Table of Contents
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
1 Quantum-Limited Microwave Amplifiers
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Why Microwave Amplifiers?
1.3 Quantum-Limited Amplifiers
1.4 Types of Microwave-Based Amplifiers
1.5 Discussion on Quantum-Limited Microwave Amplifiers
1.6 Conclusion and Outlook
References
2 Introduction to Quantum Optics
2.1 How Is Quantum Optics Defined?
2.2 A Very Brief History of Quantum Optics
2.3 Modern-Day Quantum Optics
References
3 Carbon Nanotubes with Quantum Defects
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Various Types of Defects in Carbon Nanotube
3.3 Conclusions
References
4 Quantum Dots to Medical Devices
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Synthesis and Characterization of QDs
4.3 Quantum Dots in Biomedical Imaging
4.4 QDs in Drug Delivery Systems
4.5 QDs in Diagnostic Applications
4.6 Ethical, Safety, and Regulatory Considerations
4.7 Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
5 The Quantum State of Light
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Quantum States of Light
5.3 Quantum Superposition
5.4 Quantum Entanglement
5.5 Coherent Light
5.6 Photonic Integration
5.7 Photon Combs
5.8 Photonic-Chip-Based Frequency Combs
5.9 Double Photon Combs
5.10 Applications
5.11 Quantum Computing
5.12 Quantum Metrology
5.13 Quantum Imaging
5.14 Challenge
5.15 Conclusion and Outlooks
Acknowledgments
References
6 Quantum Computing with Chip-Scale Devices
6.1 Quantum Computing: An Introduction to the Field
6.2 Fundamentals of Chip-Scale Quantum Devices
6.3 Chip-Scale Quantum Architectures
6.4 Applications of Chip-Scale Quantum Computing
6.5 Chip-Scale Quantum Computing: Challenges and Future Directions
6.6 Conclusion
References
7 Quantum-Enhanced THz Spectroscopy: Bridging the Gap with On-Chip Devices
7.1 Introduction
7.2 T-Radiations Generation and Detection
7.3 Terahertz Spectroscopy and Imaging
7.4 Recent Developments in THz Technology
7.5 Future Outlooks in THz Technology
7.6 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
8 Plasmonics and Microfluidics for Developing Chip-Based Sensors
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Microfluidics for Sensor Technologies
8.3 Plasmonic-Based Sensors
8.4 Challenges and Future Scope
8.5 Summary
References
9 Silicon Photonics in Quantum Computing
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Overview of Quantum Computing
9.3 Significance of Photonics in Quantum Computing
9.4 Fundamentals of Silicon Photonics
9.5 Single-Photon Sources
9.6 Quantum Photon Detection
9.7 Mode-Division Multiplexing (MDM) and Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM)
9.8 Cryogenic Practices
9.9 Chip Interconnects
9.10 Chip-Based Quantum Communication
9.11 QKD in Silicon Photonics
9.12 Application of Silicone Photonics in Quantum Computing
9.13 Multiphoton and High-Dimensional Applications
9.14 Quantum Error Correction
9.15 Quantum State Teleportation
9.16 Challenges and Outcomes
9.17 Low Loss Component
9.18 Photon Generation
9.19 Deterministic Quantum Operation
9.20 Frequency Conversion
9.21 Conclusion
References
10 Rare-Earth Ions in Solid-State Devices
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Basic Aspects of Rare Earth Ions in Solids
10.3 Role of Rare Earth Ions in Quantum Optics
10.4 Rare Earth Ion-Based Devices
10.5 Quantum Photonic Materials and Devices with Rare-Earth Elements
10.6 Recent Advancements in Low-Dimensional Rare-Earth Doped Material
10.7 Rare Earth Ions Insulator
10.8 Spectral Hole Burning (SHB) and Spectral Recording and Processing
10.9 Spectroscopy and the Description of Materials
10.10 Utilizing a SHB “Dynamic Optical Filter” for Laser Line Narrowing
10.11 Example of Ultrasonic-Optical Tissue Imaging
10.12 Applications of Solid-State Optical Devices
Conclusion
References
11 Chip-Scale Quantum Memories
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Scalable Quantum Memories (QMs)
11.3 Challenges in the Development of Scalable QMs
11.4 Experimental and Theoretical Approaches Towards QMs
11.5 Platforms for Chip-Scale QMs
11.6 Rare-Earth Ions Doped in Solids
11.7 Nitrogen Vacancy (NV)
11.8 Quantum Dots in the Development of QMs
11.9 III-V Groups Materials-Based Platform
11.10 Role Graphene in QM
11.11 Hybrid Quantum Memories
11.12 Chip-Based QMs in the Improvements of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
11.13 Role of Optics and Photonics in the Field of Chip-Scale QMs
11.14 Recent Development in QMs
References
12 Integrated Light Sources
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Types of Integrated Light Sources
12.3 Integrated Light Sources for Quantum Information Processing
12.4 Integration Techniques for Light Sources on Chips
12.5 Challenges and Future Perspectives
12.6 Conclusion
References
13 Integrated Optical Design Principles
Abbreviations
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Brief History of Optical Design Evolution
13.3 Role of Integrated Optical Design in Modern Technology
13.4 Fundamentals of Integrated Optics
13.5 Design Principles of Integrated Optical Devices
13.6 Advanced Integrated Optical Systems
13.7 Fabrication Techniques for Integrated Optical Devices
13.8 Testing and Characterization of Integrated Optical Systems
13.9 Conclusion
References
Index
Also of Interest
End User License Agreement
List of Tables
Chapter 2
Table 2.1 The three alternative methods which are used to describe the interac...
Table 2.2 Examples of Nobel prizes awarded in the field of quantum optics [34]...
Chapter 3
Table 3.1 Increase in energy for various numbers of 5/7 pair flaws (pure cylin...
Table 3.2 Atomic structure analysis based on the bond lengths of various joint...
Chapter 4
Table 4.1 Summary of quantum dot synthesis methods and their key characteristi...
Table 4.2 Key optical and physical properties of quantum dots and their applic...
Table 4.3 Overview of mechanisms in quantum-dot-mediated drug delivery.
Table 4.4 Advancements and clinical applications of quantum-dot-mediated thera...
Table 4.5 Quantum dots in diagnostic assays and their specific uses.
Chapter 9
Table 9.1 Summary of some basic materials used in quantum communication along ...
Table 9.2 Cutting-edge photonic sources operating at telecommunications wavele...
Chapter 11
Table 11.1 The key difference between quantum memories (QMs) and classical mem...
Table 11.2 Experimental based approaches towards stable chip-scale quantum mem...
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1
Figure 1.1 Typical diagram of an amplifier.
Figure 1.2 Use of a microwave amplifier and its typical experimental setup for...
Figure 1.3 Schematic of energy levels for a high-electron mobility transistor ...
Figure 1.4 (a) Schematic of Josephson junction and (b) diagram of a three-leve...
Figure 1.5 Schematic of a parametric amplifier.
Figure 1.6 (a) Schematic of a solid-state MASER operation, (b) energy level of...
Figure 1.7 MASER cavity structure. (a) Design of MASER cavity. (b) Cross-view ...
Figure 1.8 Gain and measurement setup of TWPA. (a) Schematic for a qubit reado...
Figure 1.9 (a) TWPA with identical coupled Josephson junctions and various mod...
Figure 1.10 (A) Schematic of control and readout quantum processor (reprinted ...
Chapter 3
Figure 3.1 The structure of armchair (a) SWCNT and (b) MWCNT.
Figure 3.2 Depiction of (a) graphene sheet structure in real space, (b) armcha...
Figure 3.3 Pentagon–heptagon (5/7) defects.
Figure 3.4 Stone–Wales defect.
Figure 3.5 The structure of various Haeckelites (a) rectangular
5,7
, (b) hexag...
Figure 3.6 The doped structures of CNT with (a) boron and (b) nitrogen [30, 31...
Figure 3.7 Effect of sp
3
quantum defects on SWCNT-based fluorescence sensing [...
Figure 3.8 Band-edge energy levels of (a) SWCNT and (b) SWCNT with sp
3
quantum...
Chapter 4
Figure 4.1 The synthetic route of TiO
2
through sol–gel method. The figure is r...
Figure 4.2 Schematic representation of the synthesis and application of glutat...
Figure 4.3 Schematic illustration of the synthesis and therapeutic action of F...
Figure 4.4 Illustration of the molecular configuration of a graphene quantum d...
Figure 4.5 Schematic representation of the GQD-based drug delivery system in a...
Chapter 5
Figure 5.1 (a) Schematic representation of the QMI-based high-power PIC transm...
Figure 5.2 (a) Schematic representation of the 10-channel LS-PIC transmitter c...
Figure 5.3 Manufacturing procedure for the photonic nanostructures in silicon-...
Figure 5.4 (a, b) Schematic setup for Kerr soliton generation. Left: microscop...
Figure 5.5 Experimental setup: TPC in the upper part, wavelength converter in ...
Figure 5.6 (a) Satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution (QKD) overview. (b...
Figure 5.7 Experimental setup for quantum imaging in a living cell. Reproduced...
Chapter 7
Figure 7.1 Localization of the THz gap [0.1–10 THz] within the light spectrum.
Figure 7.2 Applications of terahertz radiation bridging various fields.
Figure 7.3 Overview of THz generation methods.
Figure 7.4 Illustration of the operation principle of photoconductive antennas...
Figure 7.5 Experimental setup in T. Ozaki’s laboratory. Researchers employ a T...
Figure 7.6 Illustration of band bending in doped GaAs semiconductors, highligh...
Figure 7.7 Illustration outlining the typical setup for a THz-TDS experiment i...
Figure 7.8 Time-resolved THz spectroscopy setup in T. Ozaki’s laboratory. The ...
Figure 7.9 Illustration depicting the optical arrangement of the terahertz che...
Chapter 8
Figure 8.1 Applications of microfluidics chip-based sensor.
Figure 8.2 Stepwise procedure to fabricate microfluidic channels using (a) MEM...
Figure 8.3 Applications of plasmonic-based sensors.
Figure 8.4 (a) Otto and (b) Kretschmann configuration for SPR excitation.
Figure 8.5 (a) Experimental setup and design of NGWSPR chip, (b) electric fiel...
Figure 8.6 A schematic of fiber coupled SPR based sensor. Reprinted with permi...
Figure 8.7 (a) SPR based grating configuration and (b) corresponding dispersio...
Figure 8.8 Conceptual design of realizing waveguide based SPR sensor using sma...
Figure 8.9 A schematic of dipole formation in metallic nanostructure while app...
Figure 8.10 A schematic of LSPR chip fabrication and its application for Fipro...
Figure 8.11 Schematic of total enhancement in SERS via electromagnetic and che...
Figure 8.12 Pictorial representation of an integrated chip for electrochemical...
Chapter 9
Figure 9.1 Schematic diagram showing the principle of two-qubit quantum telepo...
Chapter 10
Figure 10.1 Quantum computing has evolved from classical computing, with quant...
Figure 10.2 Progress in material substrates for rare-earth quantum devices has...
Chapter 11
Figure 11.1 Essential elements for the high performance chip-scale quantum mem...
Figure 11.2 The platform available for the development of scalable quantum mem...
Chapter 12
Figure 12.1 Three ways to generate white light from GaN LEDs (Reproduced with ...
Figure 12.2 (a) Representation of biphoton quantum states generation. (b) Sche...
Figure 12.3 (a) Laser design with an integrated external cavity. (b) Tunable l...
Figure 12.4 Sketch of the integrated circuits for quantum photonics (QPIC). Si...
Figure 12.5 Setup for the adjustable narrow-band light source experiment: fibe...
Figure 12.6 (a) A 4-hole photonic crystal resonator; (b, c) nano-ring resonato...
Figure 12.7 A sketch of a triple-layer SU-8 single-mode slab waveguide with a ...
Figure 12.8 Illustration of the co-integration of devices from various startin...
Figure 12.9 Different silicon waveguide structures (Reproduced with copyright ...
Chapter 13
Figure 13.1 Brief history of the evolution of optical design.
Figure 13.2 Total internal reflection in optical waveguide.
Figure 13.3 Optical coupler.
Figure 13.4 Optical splitter.
Figure 13.5 Optical combiner.
Figure 13.6 (a) One-dimensional (1D), (b) two-dimensional (2D), and (c) three-...
Figure 13.7 Lithography and etching.
Guide
Cover Page
Table of Contents
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Preface
Begin Reading
Index
Also of Interest
Wiley End User License Agreement
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Scrivener Publishing100 Cummings Center, Suite 541JBeverly, MA 01915-6106
Publishers at ScrivenerMartin Scrivener ([email protected])Phillip Carmical ([email protected])
Quantum Optics Devices on a Chip
Edited by
Inamuddin
Tariq Altalhi
Naif Ahmed Alshehri
and
Jorddy Neves Cruz
This edition first published 2025 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA© 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLCFor more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ISBN 9781394248575
Cover image: Generated with AI using Adobe FireflyCover design by Russell Richardson
Preface
The topic of the book, “Quantum Optics Devices on a Chip,” is situated at the intersection of several disciplines and industries, driving advancements in quantum technology and integrated photonics. In the realm of disciplinary development, quantum optics is a branch of physics that focuses on the behavior and properties of light at the quantum level. It explores the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics applied to optics, including the wave–particle duality of light and the quantized nature of energy. Quantum optics plays a crucial role in understanding and harnessing phenomena such as entanglement, superposition, and quantum interference, which are essential for quantum information processing, communication, and sensing.
The development of quantum optics devices on a chip represents a significant breakthrough in the field. Chip-scale integration involves designing and fabricating optical devices, such as waveguides, modulators, detectors, and light sources, on a micro- or nanoscale chip. This miniaturization enables the integration of multiple components on a single chip, leading to compact, efficient, and scalable quantum optical systems. The impact of quantum optics devices on a chip extends beyond the realm of physics and has far-reaching implications across various industries. In quantum computing, the ability to manipulate and control quantum states of light on a chip paves the way for the development of quantum processors capable of solving complex problems at unprecedented speeds. Quantum communication benefits from chip-scale devices by enabling secure transmission of information through quantum key distribution protocols. Quantum sensing applications, such as magnetometry, gyroscopy, and biosensing, can benefit from miniaturized, high-performance devices integrated on a chip. Moreover, the integration of quantum optics on a chip has implications for the field of integrated photonics. It allows for the seamless integration of quantum optical functionalities with existing photonic circuits, enabling the development of hybrid systems that leverage the advantages of both classical and quantum technologies. This integration holds promise for applications in telecommunications, data communication, and optical signal processing.
Overall, the development of quantum optics devices on a chip represents a significant step forward in the advancement of quantum technology. It brings together principles from physics, materials science, engineering, and computer science to enable the practical implementation of quantum phenomena for a wide range of applications across industries. The book serves as a comprehensive guide to this rapidly evolving field, providing insights and knowledge to researchers, scientists, and industry professionals seeking to explore and contribute to the disciplinary and industrial development of quantum optics devices on a chip. The book’s content is carefully structured to appeal to a wide audience, from graduate students and researchers entering the field of quantum optics to experienced scientists and engineers who want to expand their knowledge. The comprehensive and accessible approach will enable readers from diverse scientific backgrounds to understand fundamental concepts, explore cutting-edge research, and visualize the future prospects of on-chip quantum optics devices. The chapters included in the book are summarized below:
Chapter 1 reviews different quantum-limited microwave amplifiers for various quantum technological applications. The chapter details current progress related to quantum-limited microwave amplifiers, types of amplifiers, their design and structure, advantages and limitations, and future development. The outlook discusses controlling operating parameters, materials geometry, and fabrication techniques.
Chapter 2 provides a brief introduction to the field of quantum optics. It includes an overview of key scientific developments that led to the field of quantum optics and a discussion of the physical phenomena covered within the field.
Chapter 3 covers the significance of carbon nanotubes in molecular electronics. It emphasizes several intriguing ways to alter the fundamental properties of the carbon network by adding defects and examines their creation in depth.
Chapter 4 introduces quantum dots (QDs) and their medical applications, detailing synthesis methods, properties, and biocompatibility. It highlights their superior fluorescence for imaging, roles in drug delivery, and diagnostic uses. Ethical, safety, regulatory, and environmental issues are discussed, emphasizing QDs’ potential in diagnostics and therapy while addressing associated challenges.
Chapter 5 describes fascinating areas in quantum optics and quantum information, revealing unique quantum properties with essential characteristics and principles governing the quantum state of light. The study discusses superposition, entanglement, and quantum coherence, techniques for generating and manipulating light quantum states, and applications in communication, computing, and metrology.
Chapter 6 details the historical development of quantum technology, the fundamentals of quantum chip-scale devices, and the revolution that these technologies bring to the fabrication of next-generation devices. Various quantum chip-scale architectures and circuits are discussed in detail to elaborate on their effectiveness in device fabrication. The benefits, challenges, and financial aspects of investing in quantum chip-scale devices have opened the market for innovation and research. With the latest technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning, this industry is poised to deliver better and more customer-friendly products.
Chapter 7 delves into the cutting-edge realm of quantum-enhanced THz spectroscopy and the integration of on-chip devices. It explores the generation and detection of THz radiation, emphasizing the pivotal role of femtosecond lasers, photoconductive antennas, and quantum cascade lasers. Advanced THz spectroscopy techniques, including terahertz time-domain and time-resolved spectroscopy, are discussed in detail, showcasing their potential to unravel dynamic material properties. The chapter also highlights innovative THz imaging methodologies, particularly near-field imaging, and groundbreaking biomedical applications such as early-stage cancer detection. Concluding with a forward-looking perspective, the chapter provides insights into future breakthroughs and opportunities, inviting interdisciplinary collaboration to push the boundaries of this dynamic field.
Chapter 8 delves into the fascinating world of optical devices found on microchips incorporating plasmonics for sensor applications. The literature primarily focuses on plasmonic-based sensors, including SPR, LSPR, and SERS sensors. It explores their scope, advantages, and limitations.
Chapter 9 traces the evolution of quantum computing, highlighting silicon photonics’ pivotal role in scalability and efficiency. Focusing on practical implementation, it explores scalable methods for silicon photonic chips and their advancements. In chip-based quantum communication, particularly quantum key distribution (QKD), integrated photonics enables real-world applications. The chapter discusses diverse QKD approaches, including entanglement-based and superposition-based methods, and introduces continuous-variable QKD for secure metropolitan communication. Addressing challenges, it covers quantum multiplexing techniques, emphasizing solutions to issues like spontaneous Raman scattering noise. Examining the intersection of silicon photonics and quantum computing, the narrative highlights applications in communication, imaging, and error correction. Persistent challenges like quantum noise and decoherence underscore the need for innovative solutions, showcasing silicon photonics’ pivotal role in advancing secure communication and unlocking unprecedented computational power.
Chapter 10 navigates through the intricate landscape of quantum nanophotonics, with a spotlight on the indispensable role of rare earth ions. Key themes include the growth techniques and material topologies associated with rare earth-doped materials, the fundamental aspects of rare earth ions in solid-state materials, and their pivotal role in quantum optics. The chapter unveils applications spanning quantum devices, low-dimensional materials, insulators, and spectral hole burning. The convergence of ultrasound and optics in ultrasonic-optical tissue imaging and the transformative impact of solid-state optical devices in diverse industries further enrich the narrative.
Chapter 11 delves into the evolution of chip-scale quantum memories, highlighting their scalability, rapid communication, and low power consumption. It explores theoretical and experimental approaches, development challenges, and the significant roles of quantum dots and photonic methods in advancing chip-scale memories.
Chapter 12 discusses the integrated light sources that revolutionize applications with high efficiency. Several III-V-based inorganic semiconductor lasers, quantum dots, and germanium-on-silicon lasers are discussed, along with a tunable quantum light source, enabling on-demand tuning of spatial photon-pair correlations and entanglement in a nonlinear directional coupler for practical quantum information applications.
Chapter 13 delves into the progressive advancements of integrated optical systems, focusing on their significant influence on telecommunications, computing, and sensing technologies. It comprehensively examines the design principles, fabrication methodologies, and essential components such as waveguides, modulators, and amplifiers, underscoring their pivotal role in enhancing optical communication and information processing functionalities.
The Editors
