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- Herausgeber: Packt Publishing
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Sprache: Englisch
- Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2016
Start building amazing projects with the Raspberry Pi right out of the box
About This Book
- Explore the vast range of opportunities provided by Raspberry Pi and other hardware components such as a webcam, the Pi camera, and sensors
- Get hands-on experience with coding, networking, and hardware with the Raspberry Pi platform
- Learn through ample screenshots that offer a play-by-play account of how to implement Raspberry-Pi-based real-life projects
Who This Book Is For
What's the best way to learn how to use your Raspberry Pi? By example! If you want something exciting to do whilst getting to grips with what your Pi can offer, this is the book for you. With both simple and complex projects, you'll create a wide variety of cool toys and functions with your Raspberry Pi - all with minimal coding experience necessary.
What You Will Learn
- Set up your Raspberry Pi and get it ready for some interesting real-life projects
- Work with images, videos, webcams, and the Pi camera and create amazing time-lapse videos
- Explore the amazing world of Minecraft Pi
- Get to know how to use PiGlow for GPIO programming
- Interface your Pi with Grove Sensors and implement IoT applications
- Build your own cluster with Raspberry Pi
- Understand the networking and network programming fundamentals
In Detail
Want to put your Raspberry Pi through its paces right out of the box? This tutorial guide is designed to get you learning all the tricks of the Raspberry Pi through building complete, hands-on hardware projects. Speed through the basics and then dive right in to development!
Discover that you can do almost anything with your Raspberry Pi with a taste of almost everything. Get started with Pi Gaming as you learn how to set up Minecraft, and then program your own game with the help of Pygame. Turn the Pi into your own home security system with complete guidance on setting up a webcam spy camera and OpenCV computer vision for image recognition capabilities. Get to grips with GPIO programming to make a Pi-based glowing LED system, build a complete functioning motion tracker, and more. Finally, get ready to tackle projects that push your Pi to its limits. Construct a complete Internet of Things home automation system with the Raspberry Pi to control your house via Twitter; turn your Pi into a super-computer through linking multiple boards into a cluster and then add in advanced network capabilities for super speedy processing!
Style and approach
This step-by-step guide to building Raspberry-Pi-based projects is explained in a conversational and easy-to-follow style. Each topic is explained sequentially in the process of creating real-life projects, and detailed explanations of the basic and advanced features of various Python libraries are also included.
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Table of Contents
Raspberry Pi By Example
Raspberry Pi By Example
Copyright © 2016 Packt Publishing
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.
Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.
Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
First published: April 2016
Production reference: 1190416
Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.
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ISBN 978-1-78528-506-6
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Credits
Authors
Ashwin Pajankar
Arush Kakkar
Reviewers
Nathan Johnson
Elliot Kermit-Canfield
Anna Torlen
Commissioning Editor
Dipika Gaonkar
Acquisition Editor
Ashwin Nair
Content Development Editor
Merwyn D'souza
Technical Editors
Nirant Carvalho
Mohit Hassija
Copy Editors
Stuti Srivastava
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Project Coordinator
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Indexer
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Graphics
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Production Coordinator
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Cover Work
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About the Authors
Ashwin Pajankar is a software professional and IoT enthusiast with more than 5 years' experience in software design, development, testing, and automation.
He graduated from IIIT Hyderabad, earning an M.Tech in computer science and engineering. He holds multiple professional certifications from Oracle, IBM, Teradata, and ISTQB in development, databases, and testing. He has won several awards in college through outreach initiatives, at work for technical achievements, and community service through corporate social responsibility programs.
He was introduced to Raspberry Pi while organizing a hackathon at his workplace, and he's been hooked on Pi ever since. He writes plenty of code in C, Bash, Python, and Java on his cluster of Pis. He's already authored one book on Raspberry Pi and reviewed three other titles related to Python for Packt Publishing.
His LinkedIn Profile is at https://in.linkedin.com/in/ashwinpajankar.
I would like to thank my wife, Kavitha, for motivating me to write this book and share my knowledge with others. I would like to thank my coauthor, Arush Kakkar, for taking over the project after the first few chapters. I also thank Merwyn D'Souza from Packt Publishing for providing me with the opportunity, guidance, and required support in writing this book. Last but not least, I would like to thank all the reviewers who helped me make the book better by providing their precious feedback.
Arush Kakkar is a computer vision and deep learning researcher and an undergraduate at Delhi Technological University. His primary focus is on autonomous robotics, which includes drones and self-driving cars, and he has been involved in building such systems in different capacities, such as navigation, localization, path planning. He has also leveraged state-of-the art computer vision and deep learning technologies for them. He is the electrical systems head of the Solar Car team of his university, Solaris DTU.
He is currently working on his own driverless car company, CruiseX, which uses deep learning to drive more smoothly and with fewer errors.
You can connect with him through his website at http://www.arushkakkar.com and read up on some of his projects at http://blog.arushkakkar.com.
I would like to thank my parents for supporting me in writing this book. I would like to thank Ashwin for collaborating while writing this book, and I would also like to thank Merwyn from Packt Publishing for coordinating the collaboration. I am thankful to all the reviewers for helping me improve the book and expanding my knowledge.
About the Reviewers
Nathan Johnson is an NC State University graduate and the author and maintainer of the node-arm project. Apart from node-arm, he has also contributed to several other Raspberry Pi projects. He currently works for the Charlotte-based company Red Ventures as a software engineer writing applications in Node.js.
I would like to thank my mom, dad, and brother for reminding me to use all the talents I've been given.
Elliot Kermit-Canfield is a graduate student studying computer music at the Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics at Stanford University. In addition to a degree in music, science, and technology from Stanford, he holds degrees in integrative arts and music theory from Penn State. Elliot is an avid computer musician and has worked with Raspberry Pi and other embeddable systems with audio applications.
Anna Torlen is an artist, educator, and techie. She received a bachelor of arts degree in studio art at The College of Santa Fe and a master of fine arts degree in media, technology, and entertainment at Florida Atlantic University. She has worked on Raspberry Pi projects at her college and at Hacklab in Boynton Beach, FL. She has contributed to the Adafruit Community Corner blog. She is currently working at Palm Beach State College as a multimedia adjunct professor. She is interested in building outdoor solar-powered Internet of Things Raspberry Pi projects.
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Preface
Raspberry Pi is probably one of the most versatile computers ever built. It has been adapted for tasks ranging from home automation, cluster computing, computer vision, and even space missions! What's more is that it enjoys a level of support from the community that is hard to find for any other platform.
Due to this, it is a hacker-friendly device and is a must for anyone who wants to build projects with even a little amount of programming involved. The fact that the basic version of the board costs only $25 means there's a lot of room for experimentation, and users aren't afraid to experiment with and damage it.
In this book, you will find a wide variety of projects, using which anyone can get started with and also build interesting hacks by modifying some of the projects.
What this book covers
Chapter 1, Introduction to Raspberry Pi and Python, provides an introduction to the Raspberry Pi and booting it up.
Chapter 2, Minecraft Pi, introduces you to Minecraft Pi, which is a preinstalled version of the popular game Minecraft. The first few pages of the chapter deal with the game concept and interface, and further pages deal with programming in-game actions with Python. In the last part of this chapter, you are introduced to the PyGame library and small usage examples of it.
Chapter 3, Building Games with PyGame, is an introduction to the PyGame programming library and game programming. In this chapter, you code your way to your first full-fledged program on the Raspberry Pi, a game.
Chapter 4, Working with a Webcam and Pi Camera, introduces you to the Pi Camera and regular webcams and how to use them to create real-life applications with the Raspberry Pi. You also create a time-lapse box project in this chapter.
Chapter 5, Introduction to GPIO Programming, introduces you to the Raspberry Pi B+ and Pi 2 GPIO structure and its real-life usage with LED programming and a third-party add-on, PiGlow.
Chapter 6, Creating Animated Movie with Raspberry Pi, demonstrates the GPIO and camera together by creating a project that requires application of both the concepts in order.
Chapter 7, Introduction to Computer Vision, introduces you to computer vision and image processing with Raspberry Pi. You will create a simple project.
Chapter 8, Creating Your Own Motion Detection and Tracking System, introduces you to advanced concepts in OpenCV, which will be used to implement the next project, which has a higher difficulty level.
Chapter 9, Grove Sensors and the Raspberry Pi, introduces you to the Grove shield and Grove sensors and their interfacing with Raspberry Pi. Grove Sensors are third-party sensors for Raspberry Pi and Arduino that can be used for environment sensing.
Chapter 10, Internet of Things with the Raspberry Pi, looks at creating home automation and Internet of Things applications with the Raspberry Pi.
Chapter 11, Build Your Own Supercomputer with the Raspberry Pi, deals with making clusters of Raspberry Pi 2s, using MPICH2 and MPI for Python to write parallel programs for the clusters, and running N-body simulation.
Chapter 12, Advanced Networking with the Raspberry Pi, shows you how to improve your cluster of Pis by adding advanced networking capabilities such as DNS and DHCP. We use of existing cluster for this and make it better.
Chapter 13, Setting Up a Web Server on the Raspberry Pi, delves into installing PHP, MySQL, and WordPress on our Raspberry Pi to use it as a web server.
Chapter 14, Network Programming in Python with the Pi, teaches you how to use Python to learn the basics of network programming and also create network utilities such as Telnet and chat applications on the Raspberry Pi.
Appendix, Newer Raspberry Pi Models, briefly introduces you to some of the newest members of the Raspberry Pi family, namely the Raspberry Pi Zero and the Raspberry Pi 3.
What you need for this book
The following hardware is recommended for successfully completing the projects outlined in this book:
Who this book is for
What's the best way to learn how to use your Raspberry Pi? By example! If you want something exciting to do whilst getting to grips with what your Pi can offer, this is the book for you. With both simple and complex projects, you'll create a wide variety of cool toys and functions with your Raspberry Pi - all with minimal coding experience necessary. You can be a beginner before starting with this book, but by the time you finish it, you will be a Jedi with the Raspberry Pi.
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Chapter 1. Introduction to Raspberry Pi and Python
One can learn about topics in computer science in an easy way with the Raspberry Pi and Python. The Raspberry Pi family of single-board computers uses Python as the preferred development language. Using Raspberry Pi and Python to learn programming and computer science-related concepts is one of the best ways to start your journey in this amazing world of computers that is full of creative possibilities. We will explore these possibilities in this book.
We will commence our journey in this chapter by getting ourselves familiar with the following topics:
Single-board computers
A single-board computer system is a complete computer on a single circuit board. The board includes a processor(s), RAM, input/output (I/O), and networking ports for interfacing devices. Unlike traditional computer systems, a single-board computer is not modular and its hardware cannot be upgraded as it is integrated on the board itself. Single-board computers are used as low-cost computers in academia, research, and embedded systems. The use of single-board computers in embedded systems is quite prevalent and many individuals and organizations have developed and released fully functional products based on single-board computers.
The Microcomputer Trainer MMD-1 designed by John Titus in 1976 is the first true single-board microcomputer that was based on the Intel C8080A. It was called dyna -micro in the prototyping phase, and the production units were called MMD-1 (short for Mini Micro Designer 1).
Popular single-board computers available in the market include but are not limited to Raspberry Pi, Banana Pro, BeagleBone Black, and Cubieboard. The following images are of the front view of BeagleBone Black, Banana Pro, and Cubieboard 4, respectively:
Raspberry Pi
The Raspberry Pi is a series of low-cost, palm-sized single-board computers developed by Raspberry Pi Foundation in the UK. The intention behind the creation of the Raspberry Pi is to promote the teaching of basic computer skills in schools, which it serves very well. Raspberry Pi has expanded its footprint well beyond its intended purpose by penetrating the embedded systems market and computer science research.
Note
This is the home page of Raspberry Pi Foundation: http://www.raspberrypi.org.
The Raspberry Pi is manufactured with licensed agreements with Newark element14, RS Components, Allied Electronics, and Egoman. These companies manufacture and sell the Raspberry Pi. The hardware is the same across all manufacturers.
The following table displays the URLs of the manufacturers' websites, where you can shop for Pi and related items online:
Manufacturer
Website
Newark element14
http://www.newark.com
RS Components
http://uk.rs-online.com
Egoman
http://www.egoman.com.cn
Allied Electronics
http://www.alliedelec.com
You can also shop for Pi and the other third-party add-ons at the following links:
Raspberry Pi models
The following are, at the time of writing this, the major models of Raspberry Pi:
Note
Check out the Product page of Raspberry Pi at http://www.raspberrypi.org/products/.
Additionally, Raspberry Pi is also available in a more flexible form factor intended for industrial and embedded applications. It is known as Compute Module. A Compute Module prototyping kit is also made available by the foundation.
Note
Check out the following URLs for the Compute Module and Compute Module development kit, respectively:
http://www.raspberrypi.org/products/compute-module/
http://www.raspberrypi.org/products/compute-module-development-kit/
The following table compares the currently available models of Pi:
The following image shows the top view of the Raspberry Pi Model B front:
The following image shows the top view of the flip side of Raspberry Pi Model B:
The following image shows the top view of the Raspberry Pi Model B+ front:
The following image shows the top view of the flip side of Raspberry Pi Model B+:
The following image shows the top view of the Raspberry Pi 2 Model B front. The location of the connectors and important ICs (integrated circuits) on the board is not different from Pi B+:
We will be using Raspberry Pi 2 Model B throughout this book. However, all the applications and programs in this book will work on all the models of Pi.
Operating systems
The Raspberry Pi primarily uses Unix-like Linux-kernel-based operating systems, such as variants of Debian and Fedora.
Raspberry Pi Models A, A+, B, and B+ are based on the ARM11 family chip, which runs on the ARMv6 instruction set. The ARMv6 instruction set does not support Ubuntu and Windows.
However, the recently launched Raspberry Pi 2 is based on ARM Cortex A7, which is capable of running Windows 10 and Ubuntu (Snappy Core). The following operating systems are officially supported by all the models of Raspberry Pi and are available for download at the download page:
Note
Windows 10 and Ubuntu are only supported by the recently launched Pi 2.
Raspbian
Raspbian is an unofficial variant of Debian armhf (ARM Hard Float) compiled for hard float code that will run on Raspberry Pi computers. It is a free operating system based on Debian optimized for the Raspberry Pi hardware.
Note
To know more about Raspbian, visit http://www.raspbian.org/.
Setting up the Raspberry Pi
We need the following hardware to set up a Pi.
Considering that we are going for slightly power-intensive usage of our Pi (such as connecting Pi Camera, webcam, and third-party sensors for Pi), a 5V 2A power supply is recommended. The micro USB pin is shown in the following image:
Note
You can find a similar one online at http://www.adafruit.com/product/1995.
We need a minimum 4 GB Micro SD card.
A USB mouseA monitorYou can use either an HDMI monitor or a standard VGA monitor.
A monitor connection cable and converterIf you are using HDMI monitor, then an HDMI cable will be sufficient. If you are using a VGA monitor, then you need to use an HDMI to VGA converter with a VGA cable. Some special changes need to be made to the /boot/config.txt file if you're using a VGA monitor, which will be explained in the next section.
Note
You can find a similar one online at https://www.adafruit.com/products/1151.
Preparing MicroSD card manually
This is the original way to install an OS into a MicroSD card, and many users, including me, still prefer it. It allows the SD card to be prepared manually before it is used and it allows easier access to configuration files such as /boot/config.txt, which we might have to modify in a few cases before booting up. The default Raspbian image consists of only two partitions, BOOT and SYSTEM, which will fit into a 2 GB card. However, I recommend that you use a minimum 4 GB card to be on safe side. Choosing an 8 GB card will be adequate for most of the applications we are going to develop in this book.
The following are the instructions for Windows users:
You might receive the following message if the card reader's write protection is on:
Toggle the write protection notch and try again. You will see the following message:Click on Yes and it will start writing the image file to the microSD card:Once the image is successfully written, it will display the following message:Note
If you are using Linux, then you can find the instructions at https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/installation/installing-images/linux.md.
If you are using Mac OS, then you can find the instructions at https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/installation/installing-images/mac.md.
If you have an HDMI monitor, then skip this step. This additional step is required only if you are planning to use a VGA monitor in place of an HDMI monitor.
Browse the microSD card on the computer. Locate and open config.txt. We have to edit the file in order to enable proper display on the VGA monitor.
By default, the commented options (which have # at the beginning) are disabled. We are enabling this option by uncommenting this line, that is, by removing # from the beginning of the commented line. This is what you need to do:
Booting up our Pi for the first time
Let's boot up our Pi for the first time with the microSD card:
At this stage, our Pi will start booting up. You will see a green light on the Pi board blinking. This means that it's working! Now, there are few more things we need to do before we can really start using our Pi. Once it boots up, it will show the desktop as follows:
Once the desktop is visible, go to Menu | Accessories | lxterminal. Then, type sudo raspi-config. A text-based menu, such as the following, will appear:
Perform the following steps. We need to use arrow keys and the Enter key to select options in the text-based menu. Press Enter to select a menu item. Also, we can use the Tab key to directly go to the Select and Finish buttons:
Note
The default username is pi and the password is raspberry. We need it when we don't choose any of the preceding autologin options. We can change this password from the second option in the raspi-config menu.
We can also choose to boot to the console by selecting any of the first two options in the preceding menu. The default shell of Raspbian is Bash. We can confirm it by typing the following command:
We can always go to the graphical desktop from the Command Prompt by typing the startx command in the console.
