Reducing the Toll of Suicide E-Book

• Herausgeber: Hogrefe Publishing
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch
• Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2019

Seitenzahl: 466

Beschreibung

The carefully selected chapters in this volume provide food for thought to practitioners, researchers, students and all those who come into contact with the tragedy of suicide, with the hope of stimulating new ideas and interventions in the difficult fight against suicidal behaviours. This is the second book based on the Intuition, Imagination and Innovation – TRIPLE i in Suicidology international conferences, which are organised annually by the Slovene Center for Suicide Research in memory of the late Prof. Andrej Marušic with the aim of promoting intuition, imagination and innovation in the research and prevention of suicide and suicidal behaviour. In five parts, the internationally renowned team of authors summarises the research looking at: •Understanding individuals (assessing risk in older adults and psychotherapy with suicidal patients), •Understanding the groups at risk of suicide (including youth, people in prison, men, and people with mood disorders), •Understanding the role of community (including the Papageno effect, technology-based and collaborative approaches to prevention, as well as bereavement), •Models of understanding suicide (including the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behaviour and the hot air balloon model of risk factors for suicide), and •Understanding the unique ethical and methodological issues associated with research in this field.

Leseprobe

Reducing the Toll of Suicide

Resources for Communities, Groups, and Individuals

Edited by

Diego De Leo

Vita Poštuvan

About the Editors

Diego De Leo, Doctor of Science and Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry, Griffith University, Australia, is the Head of the Slovene Centre for Suicide Research (UP IAM), a world-leading researcher in suicide research and prevention over several decades, he has designed and advised suicide prevention activities, projects, and programs around the world, including his contribution to the World Health Organization.

Vita Poštuvan, PhD, EuroPsy, Associate Professor of Psychology, is the Deputy Head of the Slovene Centre for Suicide Research (UP IAM). She is involved in research, public-health work and interventions related to suicidal behavior, bereavement, and mental health. She also works in crisis situations and provides therapy for people in distress. She is an active member of several international and national associations in the fields of suicidology and psychology and has worked professionally in Austria, Japan, China, and India.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication information for the print version of this book is available via the Library of Congress Marc Database under the Library of Congress Control Number 2019946196

Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication

Title: Reducing the toll of suicide : resources for communities, groups, and individuals / edited by Diego De Leo, Vita Poštuvan. Names: De Leo, Diego, 1951- editor. | Poštuvan, Vita, editor.

Description: Includes bibliographical references.Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20190152583 | Canadiana (ebook) 20190152605 | ISBN 9780889375697 (softcover) | ISBN 9781616765699 (PDF) | ISBN 9781613345696 (EPUB)

Subjects: LCSH: Suicide. | LCSH: Suicidal behavior. | LCSH: Suicide—Prevention.

Classification: LCC RC569 .R43 2019 | DDC 616.85/8445—dc23

© 2020 by Hogrefe Publishing

www.hogrefe.com

The authors and publisher have made every effort to ensure that the information contained in this text is in accord with the current state of scientific knowledge, recommendations, and practice at the time of publication. In spite of this diligence, errors cannot be completely excluded. Also, due to changing regulations and continuing research, information may become outdated at any point. The authors and publisher disclaim any responsibility for any consequences which may follow from the use of information presented in this book.

Registered trademarks are not noted specifically as such in this publication. The use of descriptive names, registered names, and trademarks does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Cover image: © CatLane – iStock.com

PUBLISHING OFFICES

USA:

Hogrefe Publishing Corporation, 7 Bulfinch Place, Suite 202, Boston, MA 02114

Phone [phone], Fax [phone]; E-mail [email protected]

EUROPE:

Hogrefe Publishing GmbH, Merkelstr. 3, 37085 Göttingen, Germany

Phone [phone], Fax [phone]; E-mail [email protected]

SALES & DISTRIBUTION

USA:

Hogrefe Publishing, Customer Services Department, 30 Amberwood Parkway, Ashland, OH 44805

Phone [phone], Fax [phone]; E-mail [email protected]

UK:

Hogrefe Publishing, c/o Marston Book Services Ltd., 160 Eastern Ave., Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4SB, UK

Phone [phone], Fax [phone]; E-mail [email protected]

EUROPE:

Hogrefe Publishing, Merkelstr. 3, 37085 Göttingen, Germany

Phone [phone], Fax [phone]; E-mail [email protected]

OTHER OFFICES

CANADA:

Hogrefe Publishing, 660 Eglinton Ave. East, Suite 119-514, Toronto, Ontario, M4G 2K2

SWITZERLAND:

Hogrefe Publishing, Länggass-Strasse 76, 3012 Bern

Copyright Information

The e-book, including all its individual chapters, is protected under international copyright law. The unauthorized use or distribution of copyrighted or proprietary content is illegal and could subject the purchaser to substantial damages. The user agrees to recognize and uphold the copyright.

License Agreement

The purchaser is granted a single, nontransferable license for the personal use of the e-book and all related files.

Making copies or printouts and storing a backup copy of the e-book on another device is permitted for private, personal use only.

Other than as stated in this License Agreement, you may not copy, print, modify, remove, delete, augment, add to, publish, transmit, sell, resell, create derivative works from, or in any way exploit any of the e-book’s content, in whole or in part, and you may not aid or permit others to do so. You shall not: (1) rent, assign, timeshare, distribute, or transfer all or part of the e-book or any rights granted by this License Agreement to any other person; (2) duplicate the e-book, except for reasonable backup copies; (3) remove any proprietary or copyright notices, digital watermarks, labels, or other marks from the e-book or its contents; (4) transfer or sublicense title to the e-book to any other party.

These conditions are also applicable to any audio or other files belonging to the e-book. Should the print edition of this book include electronic supplementary material then all this material (e.g., audio, video, pdf files) is also available in the e-book edition.

Format: EPUB

ISBN 978-0-88937-569-7 (print) • ISBN 978-1-61676-569-9 (PDF) • ISBN 978-1-61334-569-6 (EPUB)

http://doi.org/10.1027/00569-000

Citability: This EPUB includes page numbering between two vertical lines (Example: |1|) that corresponds to the page numbering of the print and PDF ebook versions of the title.

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgments

Part I Understanding the Individual

Chapter 1 Assessing Suicide Risk in Older Adults

Introduction

Epidemiological Considerations

Characteristics of Suicide in Old Age

Risk Factors

Mental Disorders

Psychosocial Factors

Physical Diseases

Protective Factors

Contacts With Health Professionals

Evaluation of Older Patient at Risk of Suicide

Clinical Evaluation

Assessment Scales

Clinical Considerations

Conclusion

References

Chapter 2 Psychotherapy With Suicidal Patients

Introduction

General Principles for Treatment

Assessment of Suicide Risk

Initiate Measures to Get Control

Evaluate Problems

Address Main Points of Intervention

Intervene Accordingly

Patient 1

Discussion

Patient 2

Discussion

Therapy Challenges in Patients With Personality Disorders

Personality Organization

Conclusion

Part II Understanding the Groups at Risk

Chapter 3 Long-Term Perspectives on Suicide Risk of Youth: Lessons and Illustrations From Longitudinal Studies

Introduction

Lesson 1: The Rare Becomes Common

Lesson 2: From ‘Who?’ to ‘When?’

Lesson 3: Everything Is Connected

Lesson 4: Sometimes ‘X’ Prevention Is Suicide Prevention

Lesson 5: Suicide Prevention Can Prevent More Than Suicide

Lesson 6: Linked Lives

Limitations of Longitudinal Studies

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 4 The Continuing Problem of Suicide in Prisons: Key Issues for Prevention and Further Research

Introduction

Why Are Suicide Rates so High Amongst Prisoners?

Risk Factors for Suicide in Prisons

Implications for Prevention of Suicide in Prisons

Conclusion: Directions for Further Research – and Beyond

References

Chapter 5 Understanding Male Suicide: A Qualitative Perspective

Introduction

Male Suicidal Behaviour

Suicidal Behaviour in Prison

Research Purpose and Objectives

Method

Participants

Instruments

Procedure

Data Analysis

Results

Discussion

Factors Affecting Suicidal Behaviour

Dynamics of Suicidal Behaviour

Time Perspective

Compatibility of Model With Suicidal Behaviour in Male Prisoners

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 6 Predicting Suicidal Behaviour in Patients With Mood Disorders: The Role of Underlying Bipolarity

Introduction

Suicide and Attempted Suicide in Patients With Unipolar and Bipolar Mood Disorders

Completed Suicide

Suicide Attempts

Mixed (Bipolar) Depression and Suicidal Behaviour

Clinically Detectable Suicide Risk Factors in Patients With Major Mood Disorders

Clinical and Personality Characteristics

Suicidal Behaviour in Personal and Family History

Unwanted Life Events

Suicide Protective Factors in Major Mood Disorder

Medical Contact Before Suicidal Behaviour

Underlying Bipolarity in Antidepressant-Associated Suicidal Behaviour

References

Part III Understanding the Community Role

Chapter 7 Papageno Effect: Its Progress in Media Research

Introduction

Research on the Werther Effect: Relevance of Audience Vulnerability and Identification With the Featured Characters

Changing Media Conversations to Include Perspectives of Suicide Prevention

Media Work to Actively Prevent Suicide: The Papageno Effect

Randomized Controlled Trials on Protective Media Effects

A Single Word Can Make an Important Difference

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 8 Ethical Guidelines for Technology-Based Suicide Prevention Programmes

Introduction

Development of the Ethical Guidelines for TBSP Programmes

Ethical Guidelines for TBSP Programmes

1. Crisis Intervention

2. Transparency

3. Privacy and Data Protection

4. Accessibility

5. Accountability

6. Quality Criteria

7. Informed Consent

8. Professionalism

9. Appropriateness

The Ethical Guidelines for TBSP Programmes for Different TBSP Programmes

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 9 Community Intervention: Collaborative Approaches to Suicide Prevention

Introduction

Community Interventions Across the Boundaries

Community: A Village in Sri Lanka

Community: National and Regional

The Global Community

Conclusion

References

Chapter 10 Community Responses and Reactions to Bereaved: Suicide Survivors’ Perceptions

Introduction

Method

Sample

Procedure and Measurements

Results

Interpretation

Themes of Perceived Reaction of the Community

Understanding Results

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Part IV Models of Understanding

Chapter 11 Status of the Integrated Motivational–Volitional Model of Suicidal Behaviour

Introduction

Pre-Motivational Phase: Background Variables and Triggering Events

Background Variables: The Role of Diathesis

Triggering Events: Environment and Life Events

Motivational Phase: The Development of Suicidal Ideation

Threat-to-Self Moderators

Motivational Moderators

The Volitional Phase: Transition From Ideation to Action

Volitional Moderators

Direct Tests of the IMV Model’s Volitional Factors

Conclusion

References

Chapter 12 Understanding Suicide From Survivors’ Perspective – Psychological Autopsy Outcomes: The Model of a Hot Air Balloon

Introduction

Implementation

Outcomes

Results in Short

The Hot Air Balloon Model

The Envelope

The Cables

The Burner

The Basket

The Pilot

The Weights

Adverse Weather Conditions

Challenges, Solutions, and Limitations

Guidelines for Further PA Research

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Part V Understanding Suicidology

Chapter 13 What Is Different About Suicidology? Ethical and Methodological Issues Unique to Research on Suicidal Behaviour

Introduction

The Absent Story-Teller

Suicide Is Statistically Rare

Moral Imperative to Intervene on Suicide

Suicidal Behaviour as a Sensitive Topic

Suicide Research Participants as Vulnerable

Stigma Associated With Suicidal Behaviour

Safety and Self-Care of Researchers

Conclusion

References

Contributors

|vii|Foreword

The Slovene Centre for Suicide Research has been working with honour for a number of years now. The University of Primorska is particularly proud to have it among its institutions. Over the last few years, many activities and projects have been undertaken by the Centre which have benefited community members, students, and scholars around the world.

This volume results from one of the traditional initiatives of the Centre: the TRIPLE i conferences on intuition, imagination, and innovation in suicidology. Each year, under the wise guidance of Prof. Diego De Leo and Dr. Vita Postuvan, a number of master classes are run by world leaders from the field of suicide research and prevention in the beautiful city of Piran. This volume collects some of the most significant lectures and is essential reading for all those who have made suicide prevention a mission in their lives.

This book is the second volume of its kind, and the University hopes further volumes will continue to be published, not only as a tradition but also as a true enrichment for the community of suicide research scholars and practitioners.

Prof. Dragan Marusic

Past Rector Magnificus

The University of Primorska

Prof. Klavdija Kutnar

Rector Magnificus

The University of Primorska

|ix|Preface

Through the lenses of different disciplines and perspectives, understanding suicide has preoccupied humans throughout history. It is a highly value-laden topic that not only relates to the questions of life and death but also of freedom, choices, ethics, and religion, and it captures all the essential explorations of existence.

Today, science can explain several factors contributing to the development of suicidal behaviour, which usually consists of a combination of factors at the social, community, group, and individual levels. However, how these factors are intertwined in the personal story of an individual still constitutes a big challenge for the scientific community.

This book represents an attempt to shed light on the many complexities of suicidality. Distinguished authors from various disciplines have contributed to this volume by offering their expert perspectives on the subject. Thus, the chapters are packed with the latest knowledge and reflections from the field, and we hope that this content may help to increase the probability that more lives can be saved, helping to reduce the unbearable toll of suicide. This is a central mission of the Slovene Centre for Suicide Research (Andrej Marusic Institute, University of Primorska), which holds the TRIPLE i in Suicidology conferences, as it is for other similar institutions around the world. Fighting suicide is a very difficult task; besides knowledge, a determined stance is required at every level of society to enter the battlefield and to not passively surrender to the supposed inevitability of suicidal behaviour. We hope that this collection of master class lectures might also help improve this determination.

Diego De Leo and Vita Poštuvan

Slovene Centre for Suicide Research

Andrej Marušič Institute

University of Primorska, Slovenia

|x|Acknowledgments

This book is partly supported by the Slovene Centre for Suicide Research (Andrej Marušič Institute, University of Primorska) with the cooperation of the Slovenian Research Agency (research program P3-0384 and projects J5-8244, J3-9434).

|1|Part IUnderstanding the Individual