Saving Dental Implants E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1343

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024

Beschreibung

Comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to all aspects of dental implant maintenance, based on treatment outcomes Saving Dental Implants offers a complete reference to all factors in long-term success in dental implants. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, each chapter is written by leading experts in the field. The book examines treatment outcomes, provides advice on how to manage implants for long-term success, and supports clinicians in avoiding and managing peri-implant complications. The text presents global treatment approaches and concepts--established philosophies in practice for the last 20 years--and also looks to possible future management strategies. Designed to help clinicians apply the concepts in practice, the text also covers the pros and cons of implant therapy and the specifics of pre-implant diagnostics, treatment methodology, prosthetic concepts, and further maintenance visits. Featuring hundreds of high-quality color photographs to support the text, Saving Dental Implants covers topics such as: * The anatomic features of peri-implant tissues, including clinical and histological information, and an evaluation of the studies using different implant systems and prosthetic concepts * Diagnostic tools and procedures to make the proper diagnosis of peri-implant conditions, and microbiota of the peri-implant tissues and diagnostic opportunities for bacterial diagnosis * Nanoparticles found in the peri-implant tissues from the implant placement, their loading, and their impact on peri-implant diseases * The significance, applications, and limitations of bone grafting techniques to optimize the shape of the alveolar ridge * New technologies for better treatment of peri-implant complications Examining the most current information and research on diagnosing, preventing, and managing peri-implant complications, Saving Dental Implants is a must-have practical reference for dental practitioners, specialists, and students who wish to help patients reach the best functional and esthetic outcomes.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

List of Contributors

Foreword

Preface

Part I: Etiology ‐ Pathogenesis

1 Anatomy of the Peri‐implant Soft Tissues

Structure of Peri‐implant Tissues in Health

References

2 Prevalence and Risk Factors for Peri‐implant Diseases: The Global Diseases

Prevalence of Peri‐implant Mucositis and Peri‐implantitis

Risk Factors of Peri‐implant Mucositis and Peri‐implantitis

References

3 Significance of Radiographic Findings for the Long‐term Success of Dental Implants

Introduction

Peri‐implant Bone Levels

Type of Radiographs

Radiographic Intervals

References

4 Clinical, Microbiological, and Immunological Risk Indicators of Peri‐implant Mucositis and Early Peri‐implant Bone Loss

Introduction

Diagnostic Epidemiological Aspects of Peri‐implant Infections

Early Peri‐implant Bone Loss and Associated Risk Factors

The Oral Environment and Microbial Ecology

The Microbial Ecosystem of the Peri‐implant Niche

Peri‐implant Microbial Biofilms

Profiling of the Full Peri‐implant Microbiome

Microbial Ecology in Transition from Peri‐implant Health to Disease

Microbiota Shifts Associated with Early Peri‐implant Bone Loss – Infection as Risk Indicator

Osseointegration and Peri‐implant Tissue Microenvironment

Immune Response of the Peri‐implant Tissues to Biofilms

Diagnostic Potential of Peri‐implant Crevicular Fluid

Cytokines and Early Peri‐Implant Bone Loss – Inflammation as Risk Indicator

Conclusions

References

5 Metallic Nanoparticles as a Risk Factor for Peri‐implant Diseases

Dental Implants

Immune System

Foreign Body Reaction

Degradation Products from Implants

Acknowledgment

References

Part II: Management from Planning

6 Impact of Maintenance on Narrow Diameter Implants

Conclusions

References

7 Prosthetic Abutment Characteristics and Implant–Abutment Maintenance

Introduction

Tissue Interfaces Around Prosthetic Abutments

Prosthetic Abutment Material

Prosthetic Abutment Surface

The Transmucosal Area of Prosthetic Abutments

Prosthetic Abutment Maintenance

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements

References

8 Considerations of Implant–abutment Connections for the Longevity of Dental Implants

Introduction

Types of IAC

IAC Design and Sealing Capability Against Bacteria Colonization

Maintenance of IACs

References

9 The Role of Bone Regeneration in the Maintenance of Dental Implants

References

10 Soft Tissue Around Implants to Maintain/Reestablish Peri‐implant Tissue Health

Soft‐tissue Issues Around Dental Implants

Soft Tissue Augmentation Procedures

References

Part III: Management of Peri‐Implant Diseases

11 Periodontal Maintenance in Patients with Peri‐implantitis

Introduction

Modifying Factors and Considerations

Elements of a Implant Maintenance Appointment

Interval and Considerations

Applying These Guidelines to Three Clinical Scenarios

Summary

References

12 Surgical Treatment of Peri‐implantitis

Clinical Cases

References

13 Lasers in Surgical Therapy of Peri‐implantitis

Introduction

Diode Lasers for Peri‐implantitis Therapy

Effects of Diode Lasers on Titanium Surfaces

Clinical Studies

Summary of Diode Lasers in Peri‐implant Therapy

Nd:YAG Lasers in Peri‐implantitis Therapy

Summary of Nd:YAG Lasers in Peri‐implant Therapy

Erbium Lasers in Peri‐implantitis Therapy

Tissue Ablation and Wound Healing Following Erbium Laser Irradiation

Effects of Erbium Lasers on Titanium Surfaces

In‐vivo Studies of Erbium Lasers in Peri‐implantitis Therapy

Clinical Studies

Non‐surgical Therapy

Surgical Therapy

Summary of Er:YAG Lasers in Surgical Peri‐implant Therapy

CO

2

Lasers

CO

2

Lasers in Peri‐implantitis Therapy

Summary of CO

2

Lasers in Surgical Peri‐implant Therapy

Photodynamic Therapy

Photodynamic Therapy in the Surgical Therapy of Peri‐implantitis

Summary of PDT Remarks

Conclusions

References

14 Implant Surface Modification as a Method of Implant Maintenance Applications, Limitations, and Risks of Implantoplasty

Introduction

Treatment

Indications

Decontamination

Biofilm Formation

Roughness

Biocompatibility

Overheating

Particle Remnants

Fracture/Reducing Diameter

Results

Follow‐Up Care/SPT

Discussion

Limitations

Conclusion

References

15 Non‐surgical Antimicrobial Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy in Treatment of Peri‐implant Mucositis and Peri‐implantitis

Introduction

Photodynamic Therapy

Photothermal Therapy

Abbreviations

References

16 Removal of Implants: Guidelines of Explantation Techniques

Introduction

Overview of Removal Techniques and Factors for Decision‐making

Reasons for Implant Removal

Implant Removal Techniques

Clinical Guidelines for Explantation of Osseointegrated Oral Implants

Conclusion

References

Part IV: Contributing Factors

17 Risks and Opportunities for Cement‐retained Implant Restorations

Introduction

Retrievability

Cement Selection

Strategies to Minimize Cement Excess Expressed into Sulcus

Digital Versus Analog

Abutment Margination

Peri‐implantitis Incidence Relating to Cement Displaced into the Sulcus

References

18 Implant Supportive Maintenance for Fixed Prosthetic Rehabilitations: The Patient with the Complete Arch Fixed Implant–supported Rehabilitation: Prosthetic Concepts to Optimize Maintenance Protocols

The Metal‐acrylic Hybrid Prosthesis

Modern CAD/CAM Framework Materials

Prosthetic Design – Impact on Maintenance

Conclusions

References

19 Prosthetic Rehabilitations to Optimize Maintenance and Implant Long‐term Success

Introduction

Attachment Systems for Removable Superstructures

How to Select an Attachment System?

Prostheses Retained by Double‐crowns

The “Frankfurt Principle”

Specific Workflow Considerations

References

20 Implant Prostheses Planning and Maintenance for the Aging Population

Introduction

Rapid Oral Health Deterioration in Elderly Patients

Treatment Modalities

Recall and Maintenance in Elderly Patients

Conclusion

References

21 Disinfection of Implant Prosthetic Components Before Delivery

Background

Objective

Literature Search Strategy

Methods of Implant Abutment Disinfection

Abbreviations

References

22 Home Care for the Implant Patient

Introduction and Key Issues

Rationale and Relevance of Home Care

Essential Home Care Tools and Technique

Promote Healthy Lifestyle

References

23 Role of Compliance in Oral and Implant Health Maintenance: Significance, Risk Factors and Suggestions

Background

Introduction

What is Compliance?

Common Risk Factors of Non‐compliance

Suggestions

References

24 Systemic Factors and Peri‐implant Health

Introduction

Dental Implants in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Dental Implants in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases

Dental Implants in Patients with Hepatic Disorders

Dental Implants in Patients with Psychological Disorders

Dental Implants in Patients with HIV/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

Dental Implants in Patients with Eating Disorders

Dental Implants in Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Dental Implants in Patients with Crohn’s Disease

Conclusion

Conflict of Interest Disclosure

References

Part V: Potential Future Solutions

25 Zirconia as a Viable Implant Material in Implant Dentistry

Current Problems in Implant Dentistry

Manufacturing Processes of Zirconia

Hard Machining Process

Powder Injection Molding

3D Printing

Surface Modification Techniques

Fracture Resistance of Zirconia Implants

Biological Outcome of Zirconia Implants

Market Growth with Zirconia Implants

Conclusion

References

26 Ceramic Implants

Introduction

Zirconia

References

27 Photofunctionalization in the Treatment of Peri‐implantitis

Surface Characteristics of Metallic Oxide Surfaces

Osteoblast Attachment and Migration

Osteoblast Differentiation and Bone Density

Electrostatic Condition and Hydrophilicity

Antibacterial Effect

Intraoral Use of Photofunctionalization

References

28 Improvement of Osseointegration Through Autologous Growth Factors

Introduction

Growth Factors

Preparation of CGF

In vitro Trial

Results

Implants with CGF In vivo

Discussion

Conclusion

References

29 Plasma Cleaning for Implant Surfaces to Improve Implant Success

Introduction

Plasma Cleaning

Conclusions

References

30 Dental Implant Maintenance and Prosthetic Preventive Care for Implant Longevity

Introduction

Definition of Implant Health, Maintenance, and Patient's General Health

Implant Maintenance Protocols

Implant Prosthodontics Maintenance Protocols

Patient's Function and Quality of Life in Maintenance Protocols

Concluding Remarks

References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 2

Table 2.1 Prevalence and risk indicators of peri‐implant diseases.

Chapter 6

Table 6.1 Correlation between occlusal load (kg) and root surface (mm

2

) for...

Table 6.2 The graph shows how the surface of sandblasted and etched implant...

Chapter 7

Table 7.1 Design parameters of implant restorations and their influence on ...

Table 7.2 Antibacterial coatings tested on titanium abutment materials. Onl...

Table 7.3 Coatings for the enhancement of the soft tissues for titanium sur...

Chapter 8

Table 8.1 Microbial leakage comparisons between different IAC designs.

Chapter 15

Table 15.1 In vivo human studies of non‐surgical antimicrobial photodynamic...

Table 15.2 In vivo human studies of non‐surgical photothermal therapy in tr...

Chapter 16

Table 16.1 Clinical and anatomical factors that determine the explantation ...

Chapter 18

Table 18.1 Advantages and disadvantages of using zirconia in fixed implant–...

Table 18.2 Classification of full arch fixed implant prosthesis designs.

Chapter 19

Table 19.1 Double‐crown telescopic systems, overview modified and expanded....

Table 19.2 Suitability of natural teeth for use as abutments, modified and ...

Table 19.3 Patient satisfaction scoring of the prosthetic rehabilitation.

Chapter 21

Table 21.1 An overview of studies, which assessed the role of AP in abutmen...

Table 21.2 An overview of studies, which assessed the role of chlorhexidine...

Chapter 24

Table 24.1 Outcome of assessing the outcome of implant therapy among patien...

Table 24.2 An overview of studies, which have investigated the survival of ...

Table 24.3 Characteristics and outcome of the study that assessed osseointe...

Table 24.4 Characteristics and outcome of the study that assessed osseointe...

Chapter 30

Table 30.1 Compilation of the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases (mucositi...

Table 30.2 Compilation of technical/mechanical/prosthetic complications upo...

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 Clinical image depicting a healthy soft tissue around an osseoint...

Figure 1.2 Photomigrograph of an osseointegrated titanium dental implant dep...

Figure 1.3 Higher magnification depicting the supracrestal peri‐implant soft...

Figure 1.4 Higher magnification of the coronal portion of the supracrestal p...

Chapter 2

Figures 2.1–2.3 A case of peri‐implant mucositis: the presence of inflammati...

Figures 2.4–2.6 A case of peri‐implantitis: the presence of inflammation in ...

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 Periapical radiographs of two implants with early failure. Lack o...

Figure 3.2 Crestal bone loss three months following implant placement likely...

Figure 3.3 Bone remodeling around tissue‐level and bone‐level implants after...

Figure 3.4 A clinical case of peri‐implantitis: (a) patient presented with c...

Figure 3.5 A clinical case demonstrating limitations of periapical radiograp...

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 Peri‐implantitis refers to a biofilm‐driven pathological state th...

Figure 4.2 PICB alterations during early stages of healing and maturation ar...

Figure 4.3 Schematic representation of early peri‐implant bone loss and puta...

Figure 4.4 Factors that may result in early bone loss and that thereby may f...

Figure 4.5 Abutment and fixture frequently interconnect by screws and geomet...

Figure 4.6 Early peri‐implant bone loss related to surgical trauma may be mo...

Figure 4.7 Implant’s bed can be prepared with osteotoms in the maxilla in or...

Figure 4.8 Traumatic surgical procedures may result in flap dehiscence, expo...

Figure 4.9 Following basic principles in incision, flap reflection, manageme...

Figure 4.10 In order to avoid PICB loss related to the formation of the biol...

Figure 4.11 Restorative and surgical principles are critical to the fabricat...

Figure 4.12 Predictable and long‐term implant stability are paramount goals ...

Figure 4.13 Schematic aggregate of the characteristic and core microbiota as...

Figure 4.14 Dynamics of the submucosal microbiota diversity during the typic...

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 Schematic illustration of particle‐induced NLRP3 inflammasome act...

Figure 5.2 TEM images showing aggregates formed by (a) Ti ions with proteins...

Figure 5.3 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of a section from a...

Figure 5.4 Clinical photo of a patient with a severe peri‐implantitis after ...

Figure 5.5 Radiographs showing at the implant in the center an extensive los...

Figure 5.6 Clinical photo during surgery to remove the central implant due t...

Figure 5.7 Clinical photo during surgery to remove an Brånemark (Bmk) System...

Figure 5.8 (a) Photo of a Bmk System MkIII TiUnite implant showing signs of ...

Figure 5.9 SEM images of (a) The surface of an unused Bmk System MkIII TiUni...

Figure 5.10 Schematic illustration of platform matched (left) and platform s...

Figure 5.11 Radiograph showing extensive bone loss around dental implants su...

Figure 5.12 Clinical photos during peri‐implant surgery. (a) Clear signs of ...

Figure 5.13 Light microscope image of granulation tissue removed during peri...

Figure 5.14 (a) SEM image of a biopsy from the peri‐implant tissue of a dent...

Figure 5.15 Peri‐implant inflammatory reaction presenting deep probing pocke...

Figure 5.16 Peri‐implant bony defect after removal of granulation tissue bef...

Figure 5.17 Peri‐implant soft tissue spectrometric analysis showing high pre...

Chapter 6

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Chapter 7

Figure 7.1 Illustration of a conventional prosthetic abutment for a single i...

Figure 7.2 Effect of the implant insertion depth on the dimensions of the tr...

Figure 7.3 Materials used for the fabrication of prosthetic abutments. Altho...

Figure 7.4 Emergence profile according to Souza et al. (2019). Red dotted ce...

Figure 7.5 Emergence angle and emergence profile according to Katafuchi et a...

Figure 7.6 (a) Emergence angle as per Yuan et al. [119]. Emergence angle is ...

Figure 7.7 Example of the emergence angles and emergence profiles in evaluat...

Figure 7.8 Mechanical methods and instruments for the maintenance of abutmen...

Figure 7.9 Chemical methods for disinfection and decontamination of abutment...

Figure 7.10 Lasers used for disinfection and decontamination of abutment sur...

Figure 7.11 New methods used for biofilm removal or prevention on abutment s...

Figure 7.12 Screw‐retained porcelain fused to metal single implant crowns. T...

Figure 7.13 Cement‐retained single implant zirconia crowns over titanium nit...

Figure 7.14 Single implant crown at site #8. Wide open embrasure space at th...

Figure 7.15 Four Locator abutments inserted in the maxilla of an edentulous ...

Figure 7.16 Locator abutments at the mandible. Although the whole 360° circu...

Figure 7.17 Example of three‐unit zirconia bridges, and single crowns to be ...

Figure 7.18 Examples of four‐unit porcelain fused to metal screw‐retained im...

Figure 7.19 Example of a 10‐unit porcelain fused to metal screw‐retained upp...

Figure 7.20 Occlusal view of a three‐unit implant–supported porcelain fused ...

Figure 7.21 Buccal view of both bridges. The three‐unit bridge at the right ...

Figure 7.22 Right and left side close‐views of the a three‐unit implant–supp...

Figure 7.23 Clinical photo of an upper screw‐retained implant bridge with pi...

Figure 7.24 Clinical photo of transmucosal multi‐unit abutments with angle c...

Figure 7.25 Upper bar design with enough space for access and cleaning of th...

Figure 7.26 Lower bar design without enough space for access and cleaning. M...

Figure 7.27 Bar that was removed after one year of use for evaluation of pla...

Figure 7.28 Basal area of a bar retired for maintenance. Aspect after cleani...

Figure 7.29 Example of ceramic layering excess covering the transmucosal are...

Figure 7.30 In this screw‐retained implant crown, the emergence profile is c...

Figure 7.31 Appropriate finishing and polishing under proper magnification c...

Figure 7.32 Close view of the transmucosal portion of an abutment with ceram...

Figure 7.33 Pink ceramic layering on the buccal side of frameworks must be c...

Figure 7.34 Close view of excess pink ceramic layer. Irregular finishing wil...

Figure 7.35 Ceramic layer porosity. Usually seen overlapping the abutment ma...

Figure 7.36 Closer view of the characteristics of the porous ceramic. Variab...

Figure 7.37 Improper finishing and polishing. Metallic debris can be observe...

Figure 7.38 Micro‐gap between zirconia crown and implant abutment. (a) Lingu...

Figure 7.39 The micro‐gap is too big for accepted standards. In this case 37...

Figure 7.40 Premolar implant crown fabricated over a laser micro‐grooved abu...

Figure 7.41 At higher magnification can be observed that the titanium nitrid...

Chapter 8

Figure 8.1 Classification of implant–abutment connections (IACs). Five group...

Figure 8.2 (a) Internal hexagon. The dark outline is the contour of the impl...

Figure 8.3 Internal hexagon with internal bevel. The picture is showing an i...

Figure 8.4 Internal octagon. This system presents a platform narrower than t...

Figure 8.5 Implant with dodecagonal index. This figure illustrates an implan...

Figure 8.6 Implant with six channels index. This figure illustrates an impla...

Figure 8.7 Implant with seven channels index. This figure illustrates an imp...

Figure 8.8 Implant with an index with eight rounded channels. This implant s...

Figure 8.9 Zirconia implant with a four channels index. These photos are sho...

Figure 8.10 Implant with a tube‐ in tube connection with three channels. (a)...

Figure 8.11 Implant with morse cone tapered connection. This implant system ...

Figure 8.12 Section of the IAC of an implant with morse cone tapered connect...

Figure 8.13 Implant with morse tapered connection. The dark color is the imp...

Figure 8.14 Microbial contamination of the IAC can occur early during implan...

Figure 8.15 Microbial contamination of the IAC can occur during prosthetic p...

Figure 8.16 Microbial contamination of the IAC can occur during function. Mu...

Figure 8.17 Common locations for contamination deposits at the IAC. 1. Conta...

Figure 8.18 Recommended protocol for maintenance of the IAC immediately afte...

Figure 8.19 Recommended protocol for maintenance of the IAC during delivery ...

Figure 8.20 Recommended protocol for maintenance of the IAC during regular m...

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1 Interdental brushes around dental implants in fixed dental prosth...

Figure 9.2 An example of an implant placed more than 4 mm subcrestal (5.26 m...

Figures 9.3 (a–c) Mylohyoid muscle release on the lingual aspect of the post...

Figure 9.4 Buccal periosteal release of 20 mm, on the posterior mandible, us...

Figure 9.5 (a, b) Clinical and radiographic view of tooth #9 showing patholo...

Figure 9.6 (a, b) Upon reflection of a papilla preservation flap and after t...

Figure 9.7 A periapical radiograph at the area of #9, after the placement of...

Figures 9.8 (a, b) A periapical radiograph and clinical view of implant #9, ...

Figures 9.9 (a–c) Pre‐operative clinical and CBCT view of areas #3,4 showing...

Figure 9.10 Upon reflection of the full thickness flap, Siebert class I defe...

Figures 9.11 (a–c) Two (2) tenting screws (4 mm height) were placed for spac...

Figure 9.12 Horizontal ridge augmentation was performed with 50:50 mixture o...

Figure 9.13 Suturing the flaps in a connective tissue to connective tissue a...

Figure 9.14 Nine (9) months post‐operative CBCT showing 3–4.7 mm horizontal ...

Figures 9.15 (a, b) Buccal and occlusal post‐operative view, nine months aft...

Figures 9.16 (a, b) Buccal and occlusal view, upon reflection of the full th...

Figure 9.17 (a) Two implants (areas #3, 4) were placed with simultaneous int...

Figure 9.18 (a–d) Implants at the areas of #24 and 9, placed apically more t...

Figure 9.19 (a) Virtual implant planning for the areas #12–14. The three imp...

Figures 9.20 (a, b) At the area of #29, an implant was placed without the pr...

Figure 9.21 (a–c) Horizontal and vertical ridge augmentation was performed a...

Figure 9.22 Nine months post‐operatively, where clinically, a wide band of k...

Figures 9.23 (a, b) Nine months post‐operatively, 5 mm of vertical ridge aug...

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 (a) In this clinical scenario, a single‐unit crown (SUC) was pla...

Figure 10.2 (a) This clinical photograph shows a deep and extensive gingival...

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1 Mandibular implant‐supported prosthesis design exhibiting poor a...

Figure 11.2 The elements of a supportive implant care at the maintenance app...

Figure 11.3 Implant‐supported prothesis with biofilm build‐up despite design...

Figure 11.4 Overall decision‐making algorithm for the determination of the s...

Figure 11.5 Decision‐making algorithm for modifying the IM interval based on...

Chapter 12

Figure 12.1 Inadequate plaque control around one‐piece implants (Ledermann s...

Figure 12.2 Detoxification of the peri‐implant bony defect with tetracycline...

Figure 12.3 Contained defects provide the best potential for regeneration.

Figure 12.4 (a, b) The non‐contained defects (clinically) and radiographical...

Figure 12.5 Decontamination of the implant surface using a CO

2

(a) or a diod...

Figure 12.6 Circumferential intrabony defect due to peri‐implantitis. The de...

Figure 12.7 (a) Circumferential peri‐implant defects in a heavy smoker; flap...

Figure 12.8 Peri‐implant lesions in the area #19–21 after removal of the res...

Figure 12.9 Peri‐implantitis diagnosed immediately before delivery of the fi...

Figure 12.10 Advanced peri‐implant bony defect with symptoms of peri‐implant...

Figure 12.11

Figure 12.12 Peri‐implant bone loss associated with pain and suppuration (a)...

Figure 12.13 Significant bone fill 2 years after CO

2

laser irradiation in a ...

Figure 12.14 Peri‐implant infrabony defects at #19–20 (a, b); meticulous deg...

Figure 12.15

Figure 12.16

Figure 12.17 (a) Peri‐implant subacute swelling in #14 under antibiotic trea...

Figure 12.18

Figure 12.19 (f) is a seven‐month postoperative clinical image of the surgic...

Figure 12.20

Figure 12.21 (a) Preoperative radiograph: note the severe bone loss at impla...

Figure 12.22 (a) Preoperative radiograph of implant #10 showing severe bone ...

Figure 12.23 (a) Preoperative photograph showing significant recession and i...

Figure 12.24 (a) Pre‐operative photograph of a two‐unit splinted implant pro...

Figure 12.25 (a) Preoperative photograph showing a sinus tract at the buccal...

Figure 12.26 (a) Preoperative view showing a 7 mm probing depth at the bucca...

Figure 12.27 (a) Initial presentation (occlusal view). Crowns were previousl...

Figure 12.28 (a) Initial presentation, frontal view. (b) Initial presentatio...

Figure 12.29 (a) Initial radiograph. (b, c) Initial presentation. Note suppu...

Chapter 13

Figure 13.1 New developed diode laser with visible blue light (445 nm) and n...

Figure 13.2 Irradiation of an implant for decontamination of the implant sur...

Figure 13.3 Titanium surface showing melting after Nd:YAG laser irradiation....

Figure 13.4 Laser absorption spectrum for water. Data were calculated from H...

Figure 13.5 Erbium Laser apparatuses and associated handpieces. (a) Er:YAG, ...

Figure 13.6 Stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images o...

Figure 13.7 Stereomicroscopy images of contaminated microstructured surface ...

Figure 13.8 Surgical treatment of experimentally induced dehiscence‐type per...

Figure 13.9 Non‐surgical therapy (minimally invasive flapless surgery) of pe...

Figure 13.10 Surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis with Er:YAG laser. 64‐year...

Figure 13.11 Surgical therapy of peri‐implantitis with Er:YAG laser‐assisted...

Figure 13.12 Peri‐implant defect after degranulation (a) and irradiation wit...

Figure 13.13 Summary remarks of existing laser systems on surgical therapy o...

Chapter 14

Figure 14.1 Panoramic radiograph: peri‐implantitis with severe bone loss.

Figure 14.2 Baseline situation with removal of the bar.

Figure 14.3 Implant removal of posterior implants and removal of granulation...

Figure 14.4 Implantoplasty at anterior two implant with the saving bar‐retai...

Figure 14.5 Free gingival graft harvested from the palate.

Figure 14.6 Clinical situation two weeks post‐operatively.

Figure 14.7 Clinical situation four years post‐operatively.

Figure 14.8 Post‐operative radiograph four years after treatment.

Figure 14.9 Baseline situation: peri‐implantitis regio #3.

Figure 14.10 Panoramic radiograph at baseline.

Figure 14.11 Non‐surgical debridement and decontamination with application o...

Figure 14.12 Open flap debridement six weeks after non‐surgical approach.

Figure 14.13 Implantoplasty with antimicrobial irrigation and laser applicat...

Figure 14.14 Apical reposition flap.

Figure 14.15 Clinical situation five years after treatment without bleeding ...

Figure 14.16 Periimplantitis in the esthetic region.

Figure 14.17 Open flap debridement with granulation tissue removal.

Figure 14.18 Implantoplasty and antimicriobial irrigiation.

Figure 14.19 Connective tissue graft harvested from the palate.

Figure 14.20 Wound closure.

Figure 14.21 Clinical situation without bleeding and probing 3 years post‐op...

Figure 14.22 Peri‐implantitis at mal‐positioned implants.

Figure 14.23 Radiographic situation with mostly horizontal bone loss.

Figure 14.24 Removal of suprastructure and suppuration.

Figure 14.25 Implantoplasty and minimal‐invasive resective osseous treatment...

Figure 14.26 Laser application and wound closure.

Figure 14.27 Clinical situation one year post‐operatively.

Figure 14.28 Clinical situation five years post‐operatively.

Figure 14.29 Baseline situation with suppuration.

Figure 14.30 Removal of the suprastructure and application of healing cap.

Figure 14.31 Bone defect.

Figure 14.32 Implantoplasty achieving a platform switch area.

Figure 14.33 Wound closure and insertion of suprastructure.

Figure 14.34 Flame or ellipse‐shaped fine and extra fine diamond burs.

Figure 14.35 Flame or ellipse‐shaped carbide burs (normal and ultra‐fine).

Figure 14.36 Torpedo‐shaped Arkansas stone or round‐shaped white aluminum ox...

Figure 14.37 Baseline situation with peri‐implantitis and insufficient attac...

Figure 14.38 Panoramic radiograph at baseline.

Figure 14.39 Removal of suprastructure.

Figure 14.40 Open flap debridement and removal of granulation tissue.

Figure 14.41 Implantoplasty and antimicrobial irrigation.

Figure 14.42 Clinical situation 12 weeks after implantoplasty treatment and ...

Figure 14.43 Vestibulumplasty with incision 5 mm apart from sulcus.

Figure 14.44 Free gingival graft harvested from the palate.

Figure 14.45 Clinical situation six years after treatment.

Figure 14.46 Radiographic situation six years after treatment.

Figure 14.47 Periimplantitis with recessions and bone loss (suprastructure r...

Figure 14.48 Bone cup defects with buccal fenestrations.

Figure 14.49 Implantoplasty and removal of titanium remnants with saline‐sau...

Figure 14.50 Wound closure after laser application.

Figure 14.51 Clinical situation two weeks after treatment.

Figure 14.52 Clinical situation five years after treatment.

Figure 14.53 Baseline situation after removal of suprastructure.

Figure 14.54 Implantoplasty without osseous resection and creation of a plat...

Figure 14.55 Wound closure.

Figure 14.56 Clinical situation seven years after treatment.

Figure 14.57 Panoramic radiograph: periimplantitis in the lower jaw.

Figure 14.58 Open flap debridement.

Figure 14.59 Implantoplasty and removal of granulation tissue with particle ...

Figure 14.60 Clinical situation five years after treatment.

Figure 14.61 Panoramic radiograph five years after treatment.

Figure 14.62 Removal of suprastructure: peri‐implantitis and mal‐positioned ...

Figure 14.63 Buccal fenestration defects and horizontal bone loss.

Figure 14.64 Implantoplasty to apical extension.

Figure 14.65 Wound Closure after laser application.

Figure 14.66 Clinical situation four years after treatment.

Figure 14.67 Baseline situation: peri‐implantitis with horizontal bone loss ...

Figure 14.68 Open flap debridement and implantoplasty.

Figure 14.69 Wound closure.

Figure 14.70 Clinical situation three years after treatment.

Figure 14.71 Clinical situation six years after treatment.

Chapter 15

Figure 15.1 Initial situation of an implant in position 21 with peri‐implant...

Figures 15.2 Application of Indocyanine Green in peri‐implant pocket buccall...

Figures 15.3 Application of Indocyanine Green in peri‐implant pocket buccall...

Figure 15.4 Transgingival irradiation with a specific therapy handpiece prov...

Figure 15.5 The bulb tip of the optical fiber is applied for 360° intra‐pock...

Figure 15.6 Intra‐pocket irradiation with the bulb tip of the optical fiber....

Figure 15.7 Intra‐pocket irradiation with the bare tip of the optical fiber....

Figure 15.8 Radiographic images of implant in position 21 before non‐surgica...

Figure 15.9 A 52‐year‐old man, at maintenance phase of periodontal therapy, ...

Figure 15.10 About 73‐year‐old woman, at maintenance phase of periodontal th...

Figure 15.11 A 62‐year‐old woman, at maintenance phase of periodontal therap...

Figure 15.12 A 71‐year‐old woman, with hyperlipidemia. No previous periodont...

Figure 15.13 A 77‐year‐old woman, with hypothyroidism and hyperlipidemia. No...

Chapter 16

Figure 16.1 Overview of Explantation techniques.

Figure 16.2 Reasons for explantation as reported in 16 studies according to ...

Figure 16.3 Counter‐torque set (a) and technique (b) used to remove a malpos...

Figure 16.4 Biomet 3i Implant removal kit.

Figure 16.5 Algorithm for non‐bone removal techniques, modified according to...

Figure 16.6 (a–e) While the right blade implant was removed traditionally wi...

Figure 16.7 Trephine drill kit with different diameters and lengths. (a) Tre...

Figure 16.8 Bony lid approach. (a) Exposing and removal of the implant after...

Figure 16.9 Partial explantation/coronal resection technique. (a) The well‐o...

Chapter 17

Figure 17.1 Cement visible below crown margin on implant surface.

Figure 17.2 Visible cement excess on a periapical radiograph.

Figure 17.3 Screw retained single tooth provisional for left central incisor...

Figure 17.4 Impression coping demonstrates poor angulation of a well‐integra...

Figure 17.5 Custom ceramic abutment corrects angulation and allows supraging...

Figure 17.6 Cemented all‐ceramic crown 9 atop custom zirconia abutment with ...

Chapter 18

Figures 18.1–18.2 Interfaces of prosthetic apparatus. (a) implant to abutmen...

Figures 18.3–18.5 Interfaces of prosthetic components to tissues. (a) implan...

Figures 18.6–18.7 The metal framework of a mandibular hybrid prosthesis with...

Figures 18.8–18.9 Loss of facial support due to extensive residual alveolar ...

Figures 18.10–18.11 Two implants placed in the mandibular canine regions and...

Figures 18.12–18.13 Maxillary complete denture and implant–supported mandibu...

Figures 18.14–18.15 Extensive wear of acrylic denture teeth after many years...

Figures 18.16–18.17 Hybrid metal‐acrylic bar‐retained removable implant pros...

Figures 18.18–18.19 Fractured and debonded acrylic resin denture teeth of me...

Figures 18.20–18.21 Implant supported hybrid prosthesis with denture teeth a...

Figures 18.22–18.23 (Top) Multiple fractures of the veneering material in a ...

Figures 18.24–18.25 Fracture of an abutment screw. In some cases, these scre...

Figure 18.26 Fracture of two implants in a patient with parafunctional habit...

Figures 18.27–18.29 Maxillary full arch fixed implant–supported prosthesis c...

Figures 18.30–18.32 Maxillary full arch fixed implant–supported prosthesis f...

Figures 18.33–18.34 Chipping of facial ceramic veneering at the canine incis...

Figures 18.35–18.36 Screw‐retained full arch fixed zirconia prosthesis, with...

Figures 18.37–18.42 Screw‐retained full‐arch fixed implant prosthesis restor...

Figure 18.43 Mandibular screw‐retained fixed full arch implant metal‐ceramic...

Figures 18.44–18.45 Removal of the metal–ceramic fixed complete denture for ...

Figures 18.46–18.47 Maxillary and mandibular full arch fixed implant–support...

Figures 18.48–18.49 Maxillary full arch fixed implant–supported rehabilitati...

Figures 18.50–18.51 Maxillary full arch fixed implant–supported rehabilitati...

Figures 18.52–18.53 Patient with terminal maxillary dentition planned for im...

Figures 18.54–18.55 3D‐printed removable complete denture prostheses designe...

Figures 18.56–18.57 Prosthetically driven implant placement, simulating the ...

Figures 18.58–18.59 Tooth extraction, bone reduction, and immediate implant ...

Figures 18.60–18.62 Full arch screw‐retained monolithic 3Y‐TZP zirconia fram...

Figures 18.63–18.65 Patient restored with a mandibular full‐arch implant sup...

Chapter 19

Figure 19.1 Unsplinted Attachment systems for implant–supported removable su...

Figure 19.2 (a) and (b): Intraoral view of a case where inadequate space res...

Figure 19.3 (a) and (b): Intraoral views of differently designed full‐mouth ...

Figure 19.4 Overview of modifiers to be considered in selecting an ideal att...

Figure 19.5 Different primary crowns used in double crown attachment systems...

Figure 19.6 (a) and (b): Principle of the “tribological system” according to...

Figure 19.7 Reinforcement of oral‐hygiene training for cleansing of freestan...

Figure 19.8 Abutment distributions as classified by Steffel [28]. (a) puncti...

Figure 19.9

Figure 19.10 Abutment based maintenance [5].

Chapter 20

Figure 20.1 Worldwide prevalence of edentulism among both sexes for ages 70 ...

Figure 20.2 Diagram shows a modified model for decision‐making for older adu...

Figure 20.3 Clinical Practice Guidelines for implant–borne dental restoratio...

Figure 20.4 Occlusal view of the mandibular abutments (Locator

®

patrice...

Figure 20.5 After the Locator

®

implant abutment was removed, a portion ...

Figure 20.6 The portion of the matrix and the remainder of the matrix are sh...

Figure 20.7 Radiographs of mandibular dentition, images dated 2014.

Figure 20.8 Radiographs of mandibular dentition, images dated 2019.

Figure 20.9 Maxillary fixed implant denture shows signs of wear, including c...

Figure 20.10 Occlusal view of the fixed implant denture shows the signs of w...

Figure 20.11 Intaglio view of the maxillary fixed implant denture revealed t...

Figure 20.12 Intraoral view of the new prosthesis, redesigned with a fixed b...

Figure 20.13 Intaglio view of the maxillary overdenture that incorporates th...

Figure 20.14 Frontal view of the completed prostheses in the patient.

Chapter 21

Figure 21.1 Mode of action of nanoparticles.

Figure 21.2 The unknown dilemma. What is the best way to disinfect an implan...

Chapter 22

Figure 22.1 (a–b). Full mouth X‐ray before (a) and twenty years after (b) im...

Figure 22.2 Clinical case aspect with a 20‐year follow‐up.

Figure 22.3 (a–b). The periodontal probe detects normal probing values in th...

Figure 22.4 Electric toothbrush with oscillating‐rotating technology (Oral B...

Figure 22.5 (a–b). Clinical use of a tritonal plaque disclosing solution (a)...

Figure 22.6 (a–b). Clinical use of a very useful and practical gauze soaked ...

Figure 22.7 (a–b). Normal probing values are also recorded in the right post...

Figure 22.8 (a–b). Plaque disclosing solution (Tri Plaque ID Gel, GC Corpora...

Figure 22.9 (a–b). The interproximal toothbrush is the most appropriate tool...

Figure 22.10 Implants are frequently inserted in the posterior sectors, espe...

Figure 22.11 (a–e) The periodontal probe detects 2 mm probing depth on the m...

Figure 22.12 (a–b). Educational drawings illustrating the Roll Brushing tech...

Figure 22.13 (a–b). Sulcular type of brushing. An adequate amount of keratin...

Figure 22.14 (a–b). Clinical aspect of a keratinized mucosa present in ideal...

Figure 22.15 (a–b). The same patient and the same brushing technique as in t...

Figure 22.16 The clinician should always recommend that the patient begin br...

Figure 22.17 The image illustrates how the clinician recommends that the pat...

Figure 22.18 (a–e). Initial, baseline radiographic status (a), full mouth X‐...

Figure 22.19 The didactic drawing illustrates the correct insertion of the i...

Figure 22.20 Clinical images showing the interdental brush insertion (a) com...

Figure 22.21 (a–c). The interdental brush (Enacare interdental brush, Miceri...

Figure 22.22 (a–c). Medicated wipes soaked in chlorhexidine at 0.12% (Digita...

Figure 22.23 The didactic drawing illustrates the use of a gauze, drawing a ...

Figure 22.24 In case of very wide interdental space, a gauze fragment is rec...

Figure 22.25 (a–e). The periodontal probe detects normal readings (a–b). The...

Figure 22.26 (a–b) Clinical use of a plaque disclosing agent applied with a ...

Figure 22.27 (a–c) The plaque disclosing solution (Tri Plaque ID Gel, GC) is...

Figure 22.28 The single tufted toothbrush is certainly an appropriate tool f...

Figure 22.29 (a–h) Clinical use of an implant‐specific toothbrush (a–c), rec...

Figure 22.30 (a–f) The Single‐tufted brush (TePe Implant Care™, Malmö Sweden...

Figure 22.31 Didactic drawing illustrating the correct technique for the use...

Figure 22.32 (a–b). Clinical images illustrating the correct use of dental f...

Figure 22.33 (a–b). A floss cut (a) is evident in the clinical images, resul...

Figure 22.34 The clinical image shows the rigid tip of the special implant w...

Figure 22.35 The clinical image illustrates another correct technique of imp...

Figure 22.36 The figure illustrates the use of a special implant floss for p...

Figure 22.37 Special implant floss is required to clean the surface of the b...

Figure 22.38 (a–e). Clinical use of the special implant floss (a) to bypass ...

Figure 22.39 Didactic drawing illustrating how the special implant floss cle...

Figure 22.40 (a–d). Flossing is indicated to remove biofilm in the presence ...

Figure 22.41 (a–c). At each recall appointment, the clinician has a responsi...

Chapter 23

Figure 23.1 General overview of types of non‐compliance encountered in healt...

Figure 23.2 Overview of types of non‐compliance encountered toward oral heal...

Figure 23.3 Risk factors of non‐compliance.

Figure 23.4 Additional factors that may boost patient compliance.

Chapter 24

Figure 24.1 Pathophysiology of soft tissue inflammation and alveolar bone lo...

Chapter 25

Figure 25.1 Tribo‐Corrosion on the implant platform and prosthesis.

Figure 25.2 Trends in the Peri‐implantitis literature. (a) Last 10 year data...

Figure 25.3 Dental implant metal hypersenstivity [2006–2022].

Figure 25.4 Dental implant metal hypersentivity [2017–2022].

Figure 25.5 Ceramic injection molding reprinted with reference.

Figure 25.6 Lithography‐based ceramic 3D printed implant (Lithoz).

Figure 25.7 Camlog with titanium screw.

Figure 25.8 Zeramex with peek screw.

Figure 25.9 Soft tissue healing around zirconia implants after three months ...

Figure 25.10 Osseointegration after five years of zirconia implant placement...

Figure 25.11 Market Share (2021) on dental implants.

Chapter 26

Figure 26.1 The Tübingen implant.

Figures 26.2–26.3 The BioCeram implants, developed by Kyocera (Kyoto, Japan)...

Figure 26.4 One and two‐piece zirconia implants manufactured via Ceramic Inj...

Figures 26.5–26.12 Extraction of hopeless tooth #8 and immediate implant pla...

Figure 26.13 Soft Tissue integration around a one‐piece zirconia implant....

Figure 26.14 Soft Tissue integration around a two‐piece zirconia implant....

Chapter 27

Figure 27.1 Hydrophobic implant surface repelling fibrin attachment.

Figures 27.2–27.3 Poor quality fibrin adhesion on aged titanium.

Figure 27.4 The core lines recorded for as received and after photofunctiona...

Figure 27.5 Comparing the intensity of the peak at 285 eV corresponding to c...

Figure 27.6 Biochemical changes to aged titanium surfaces following photofun...

Figure 27.7 ECM collagen and fibronectin interact with transmembranous integ...

Figure 27.8 Comparison of cellular morphology before and after UVC treatment...

Figure 27.9 The degree of osteoblast attachment to titanium surfaces as a fu...

Figure 27.10 A summary of the effects of photofunctionalization.

Figure 27.11 Commercial UVC treatment system for pre‐placement treatment of ...

Figure 27.12 (a) Prototype UVC handpiece with mercury ray tube. (b) Gated sh...

Figure 27.13 (a) Failure of particulate bone graft in peri‐implantitis treat...

Figure 27.14 (a) Pre‐op radiograph of infected implant bridge. (b) Pre‐op ph...

Chapter 28

Figure 28.1 Medifuge device.

Figure 28.2 White fraction and red fraction.

Figure 28.3 Isolation of the white fraction.

Figure 28.4 Isolation of the red fraction, polymerized fibrin.

Figure 28.5 Implant a CGF in the dedicated tubes.

Figure 28.6 Tubes ready for incorporation of CGF in Roundup device.

Figure 28.7 Implants placed in DMEM and PBS.

Figure 28.8 VEGF concentration from the white portion and the red portion.

Figure 28.9 Implants with white portion and red portion of CGF.

Figure 28.10 Implant permeated with CGF.

Figure 28.11 Implant permeated with CGF SEM photomicrograph.

Figure 28.12 Strong magnification of the CGF‐permeated implant surface.

Figure 28.13 Diffusion of the VEGF from the implant surface.

Figure 28.14 Post‐operative course for traditional and CGF‐permeated implant...

Figure 28.15 Patient treated with implants without CGF (b) in the frontal ar...

Figure 28.16 Patient treated with split‐mouth with IML implants, with CGF (a...

Figure 28.17 Implant treated with CGF in a diabetic patient, note the perfec...

Figure 28.18 Detail of the mandible of two implants in an elderly patient un...

Chapter 29

Figure 29.1 Application of non‐thermal (atmospheric pressure) plasma for imp...

Figure 29.2 Transferred Arc apparatus.

Figure 29.3 Image of SteriPlas Device (left) and CAD model (right).

Figure 29.4 Dielectric barrier discharge apparatus (1) Metallic electrode pl...

Figure 29.5 Schematic of the implaPrep concept device.

Figure 29.6 Images of a user placing an implant into the implaPrep concept d...

Figure 29.7 Image of the Active+ Device (Nova Plasma Ltd., Hevel Megiddo, Is...

Figure 29.8 Atmospheric‐pressure plasma apparatus.

Figure 29.9 Three generations of the piezoelectric direct discharge based pi...

Figure 29.10 Diener electronic low‐pressure plasma devices. (Left) DENTAPLAS...

Figure 29.11 Diener DENTAPLAS MAN.

Figure 29.12 Diener DENTAPLAS PC.

Figure 29.13 Diener DENTAPLAS IMP.

Chapter 30

Figure 30.1 Base Reference Values (BRVs) recorded immediately after the inse...

Figure 30.2 Different factors can influence dental implants, where a thin li...

Figure 30.3 List of evaluations proposed by Wilson [22]. Evaluations were co...

Figure 30.4 Peri‐implant tissue health after abutment connection (a). The pe...

Figure 30.5 Peri‐implant inflammatory reaction due to lack of attached mucos...

Figure 30.6 Peri‐implant pathology associated with probing of 7 mm, suppurat...

Figure 30.7 Preventive strategies for maintenance for patients with dental i...

Figure 30.8 Guidance for maintenance and care of dental implants described b...

Figure 30.9 Components of maintenance after implant therapy described by Mom...

Figure 30.10 Components of maintenance for removable implant prosthesis by V...

Figure 30.11 (a) Guidelines for recall and maintenance of patients with impl...

Figure 30.12 (a) Intraoral evaluation of an implant–supported bar (Try‐in) w...

Figure 30.13 (a) Complicated cases with limited support (teeth or implants) ...

Guide

Cover Page

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

List of Contributors

Foreword

Preface

Begin Reading

Index

WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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Saving Dental Implants

Edited by

Georgios E. Romanos

Stony Brook UniversitySchool of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontics and EndodonticsStony BrookNY, USA

Department of Oral Surgery and Implant DentistrySchool of Dentistry (Carolinum)Johann Wolfgang Goethe UniversityFrankfurt, Germany

Copyright © 2024 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data:Names: Romanos, Georgios, editor.Title: Saving dental implants / edited by Georgios E. Romanos.Description: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley‐Blackwell, 2024. | Includes index.Identifiers: LCCN 2024007505 (print) | LCCN 2024007506 (ebook) | ISBN 9781119807018 (hardback) | ISBN 9781119807025 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781119807032 (epub)Subjects: MESH: Dental Implants | Dental ImplantationClassification: LCC RK667.I45 (print) | LCC RK667.I45 (ebook) | NLM WU 640 | DDC 617.6/93–dc23/eng/20240405LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024007505LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024007506

Cover Design: WileyCover Image: Courtesy of Georgios E. Romanos

List of Contributors

A. AbdallahDepartment of Restorative Sciences and BiomaterialsBoston University Henry M. GoldmanSchool of Dental MedicineBoston, MAUSA

Fatemeh S. AfshariDepartment of Restorative DentistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of DentistryChicago, ILUSA

Edward Pat AllenCenter for Advanced Dental EducationDallas, TXUSA

Joan Pi AnfrunsPrivate PracticeLos Angeles, CAUSA andDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryUCLA School of DentistryLos Angeles, CAUSA

Abeer Al‐ZawawiDepartment of Periodontics and Community DentistryCollege of DentistryKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia

Akira AokiDepartment of PeriodontologyTokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyo,Japan

Seyed Hossein BassirPrivate PracticeLos Angeles, CAUSA

Giuseppe BavettaPrivate PracticePalermo, Italy

Georgios N. BelibasakisDivision of Oral DiseasesDepartment of Dental MedicineKarolinska InstituteHuddinge, StockholmSweden

Dieter D. BosshardtDepartment of PeriodontologySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland

Robert K. Schenk Laboratory for Oral HistologySchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland

Nagihan BostanciDivision of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental MedicineKarolinska InstituteHuddinge, StockholmSweden

Silvia BrandtDepartment of Prosthodontics, Center for Dentistryand Oral Medicine (Carolinum)Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany

Judy Chia‐Chun YuanDepartment of Restorative DentistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago College of DentistryChicago, ILUSA

Raluca CosgareaDepartment of Periodontology, Conservative andPreventive DentistryUniversity of Bonn, BonnGermany

Caitlin DarceyUS Navy Periodontics Residency, Naval PostgraduateDental SchoolBethesda, MD

Uniformed Services University of the HealthSciencesBethesda, MD

Rafael Delgado‐RuizDepartment of Prosthodontics and Digital TechnologyStony Brook UniversityStony Brook, NYUSA

Nathan E. EstrinLake Erie College of Osteopathic MedicineSchool of Dental MedicineBradenton, FLUSA

Kameron FarhadiDepartment of Periodontics & EndodonticsSchool of Dental MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony Brook, NYUSA

Ioannis FourmousisDepartment of PeriodontologySchool of DentistryΝΚUAAthensGreece

Lily T. GarciaTexas A&M University School of DentistryDallas, TXUSA

Saurabh GuptaZirconia Implant Research GroupSilver Spring, MDUSA

Private Practice DentistryBangalore, KarnatakaIndia

Ali GürkanDepartment of Periodontology, School of DentistryEge UniversityBornovaTurkey

H. HirayamaDepartment of Restorative Sciences and BiomaterialsBoston University Henry M. GoldmanSchool of Dental MedicineBoston, MAUSA

Fawad JavedDepartment of Orthodontics and Dentofacial OrthopedicsEastman Institute for Oral Health, University of RochesterRochester, New YorkUSA

Philip L. KeevePrivate Dental Clinic Fachzahnarzt Zentrum WeserHamelnGermany

Fouad KhouryPrivate Dental Clinic Schloss SchellensteinOlsbergGermany

Department of Oral & Maxillo‐Facial‐SurgeryUniversity MuensterMuensterGermany

Kenneth S. KurtzDepartment of Prosthodontics & Digital TechnologyStony Brook University, School of Dental MedicineStony Brook, NYUSA

Departments of Dentistry & OtorhinolaryngologyMontefiore Medical Center/Albert EinsteinCollege of MedicineBronx, NYUSA

Department of Dentistry, Northwell/ZuckerSchool of MedicineNew Hyde Park, NYUSA

Mingyue LyuState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National ClinicalResearch Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China

Daniel ManoilDivision of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental MedicineKarolinska InstituteHuddinge, StockholmSweden

Division of Cariology and EndodonticsUniversity Clinics of Dental Medicine, Faculty ofMedicine, University of GenevaGeneva, Switzerland

K. MichalakisDepartment of Restorative Sciences and BiomaterialsBoston University Henry M. GoldmanSchool of Dental MedicineBoston, MAUSA

Robert MillerDepartment of Oral Implantology ACDRCPalm Beach State CollegeFL, USA

Richard J. MironDepartment of PeriodontologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland

S. MisciDepartment of Restorative Sciences and BiomaterialsBoston University Henry M. GoldmanSchool of Dental MedicineBoston, MAUSA

Sammy NoumbissiZirconia Implant Research GroupSilver Spring, MDUSA

Private Practice Dental ImplantologySilver Spring, MDUSA

Andrea PalermoImplant DentistryCollege of Medicine and Dentistry BirminghamBirminghamUK

Christian PeronPrivate PracticeTorino, Italy

Mattias PetterssonDivision of Prosthetic Dentistry, Department ofOdontology, Faculty of MedicineUmeå UniversityUmeå, Sweden

Mark A. ReynoldsDepartment of Advanced Oral Sciences and TherapeuticsDivision of PeriodonticsUniversity of Maryland School of DentistryBaltimore, MD

Andrea RoccuzzoDepartment of Periodontology, School ofDental MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland

Georgios E. RomanosDepartment of Periodontics and EndodonticsSchool of Dental MedicineStony Brook UniversityStony Brook, NYUSA

Department of Oral Surgery and Implant DentistrySchool of Dentistry (Carolinum)Johann Wolfgang Goethe UniversityFrankfurt, Germany

Marisa RoncatiDepartment of Translational MedicineSchool of Dentistry, University of FerraraFerrara, Italy

Hanae SaitoDepartment of Advanced Oral Sciences and TherapeuticsDivision of PeriodonticsUniversity of Maryland School of DentistryBaltimore, MD

Alexa SchweitzerDivision of Prosthodontics, Department of DentistryMontefiore Medical CenterBronx, NYUSA

Anton SculeanDepartment of PeriodontologyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland

Nikolaos SoldatosDepartment of Regenerative and Reconstructive SciencesDivision of Periodontics, School of DentistryOregon Health Science UniversityPortland, ORUSA

D. VasilakiDivision of ProsthodonticsUniversity of Connecticut School of Dental MedicineFarmington, CTUSA

Manolis VlachosDental ExcellencePrivate Dental ClinicAthensGreece

Thomas G. WiedemannDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryNew York University – College of DentistryNew York, NYUSA

Quan YuanState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National ClinicalResearch Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu, China

Foreword