Small Animal Toxicology Essentials E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1057

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2025

Beschreibung

A one-stop reference for veterinary clinicians in small animal practices

Veterinary technicians play a vital role in the successful operation of any small animal practice. One of the most important types of case they will face is an emergency call related to a possibly toxic exposure, which demands that they assess clinical urgency, triage calls, offer guidelines for the collection of diagnostic samples, and more. Small Animal Toxicology Essentials offers a foundational, practical guide to the most common small animal toxins, their poisoning risks, and the essential steps required to evaluate client calls and provide timely, effective assistance. Fully updated for reflect the latest research and expand treatment of key subjects, this is the must-own reference for clinical professionals.

Readers of the second edition of Small Animal Toxicology Essentials will also find:

• Updated treatment of all common toxins
• Detailed discussion of topics including differential diagnoses, clinical signs, laboratory sample collection, and many more
• Additional color photographs and tables to facilitate toxin identification

Small Animal Toxicology Essentials is ideal for veterinary technicians and veterinary technician students, for those working in small animal or emergency practice, no matter the length of employment.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgement

Section 1: Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Toxicology

1 General Toxicologic Principles

INTRODUCTION

DEFINITIONS

CLASSIFICATION OF TOXICANTS

SPECTRUM OF UNDESIRED EFFECTS

INTERACTION OF CHEMICALS

CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPOSURE

DOSE–RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP

DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY

TOXICOKINETICS

REFERENCES

2 Incidence of Poisoning in Small Animals

INTRODUCTION

DEMOGRAPHICS

AGENTS

SIGNS AND OUTCOMES

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

3 Toxicology Information Resources

INTRODUCTION

EVALUATION OF RESOURCES

TYPES OF RESOURCES

SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

4 Taking a Toxicologic History

INTRODUCTION

PATIENT PRESENTATION

MEDICAL RECORD

TELEPHONE TRIAGE

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

5 Essential Calculations

INTRODUCTION

TERMINOLOGY

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: TAKING A HISTORY

ESSENTIAL CONVERSIONS

ESSENTIAL SOLUTIONS

REFERENCES

6 Initial Management of Acute Intoxications

TELEPHONE TRIAGE

HOSPITAL PRESENTATION

VASCULAR ACCESS

DIAGNOSTICS

INITIAL DECONTAMINATION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

7 Decontamination Procedures

SOURCES

CLINICAL EFFECTS

MANAGEMENT OF EXPOSURES

PROGNOSIS

REFERENCES

8 Antidotes

INTRODUCTION

CHEMICAL ANTIDOTES

PHARMACOLOGICAL ANTIDOTES

FUNCTIONAL ANTIDOTES

REFERENCES

9 Most Deadly Toxins; Investigating Fatal Suspected Poisonings

INTRODUCTION

CAUSES OF SUDDEN DEATH

DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

10 Toxicologic Testing and Using Diagnostic Laboratories

SOURCES

DIAGNOSTICS

MANAGEMENT OF EXPOSURES

REFERENCES

Section 2: A Systems-Affected Approach to Toxicology

11 Nervous System

INTRODUCTION

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

MECHANISMS OF TOXICOLOGIC INJURY

PATTERNS OF TOXICOLOGIC INJURY

HEALING AND REPAIR

REFERENCES

12 Cardiovascular System

INTRODUCTION

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

MECHANISMS OF TOXIC INJURY TO THE HEART

PATTERNS OF TOXIC INJURY TO THE HEART

CARDIOTOXIC AGENTS

MECHANISMS OF TOXIC INJURY TO THE VASCULAR SYSTEM

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

13 Pulmonary System

INTRODUCTION

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

MECHANISMS AND PATTERNS OF RESPIRATORY TRACT INJURY

REFERENCES

14 Hepatobiliary System

INTRODUCTION

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

MECHANISMS OF TOXICOLOGIC INJURY

PATTERNS OF TOXICOLOGIC INJURY

HEALING AND REPAIR

REFERENCES

15 Urinary System

INTRODUCTION

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

MECHANISMS OF TOXICOLOGICAL INJURY

PATTERNS OF TOXICOLOGICAL INJURY

HEALING AND REPAIR OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

REFERENCES

16 Other Systems

INTRODUCTION

ALIMENTARY TRACT

HEMATOPOIETIC

INTEGUMENTARY

MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Section 3: Specific Toxicants

17 Rodenticides

INTRODUCTION

ANTICOAGULANT RODENTICIDES

BROMETHALIN

CHOLECALCIFEROL

STRYCHNINE

ZINC PHOSPHIDE

REFERENCES

18 Insecticides

INTRODUCTION

AMITRAZ

ISOXAZOLINES

ORGANOPHOSPHORUS AND CARBAMATE INSECTICIDES

PYRETHRINS AND PYRETHROIDS

NEONICOTINOIDS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

19 Other Pesticides

INTRODUCTION

MISCELLANEOUS INSECTICIDES AND REPELLANTS

FUNGICIDES

HERBICIDES

MOLLUSCIDES

LARGE PREDATOR CONTROL

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

20 Plants

INTRODUCTION

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

LIVER

URINARY SYSTEM

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

MULTISYSTEMIC EFFECTS

NONTOXIC PLANTS

REFERENCES

INTERNET RESOURCES

21 Dietary Supplements and Herbs

INTRODUCTION

SYMPATHOMIMETICS

METHYLXANTHINES

HYPOGLYCEMICS

MISCELLANEOUS HERBS

ESSENTIAL OILS

HERBS AND PETS

REFERENCES

22 Metals and Minerals

INTRODUCTION

ARSENIC

FLUORIDE

IRON

LEAD

MERCURY

ZINC

REFERENCES

23 Prescription Drugs

INTRODUCTION

ALBUTEROL

AMPHETAMINES

ANTIDEPRESSANTS/ANXIOLYTICS

BACLOFEN

CARDIAC DRUGS

5‐FLUOROURACIL

ORAL DIABETIC MEDICATIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

24 Over‐the‐Counter Drugs

INTRODUCTION

ACETAMINOPHEN

ANTIHISTAMINES

ASPIRIN AND OTHER SALICYLATES

COMMON DECONGESTANTS

NONSTEROIDAL ANTI‐INFLAMMATORY MEDICATIONS

PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE

VITAMINS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

25 Illicit Drugs and Drugs of Abuse

INTRODUCTION

ALCOHOL

AMPHETAMINES

BARBITURATES

BENZODIAZEPINES

COCAINE

ECSTASY

GHB

LSD

MARIJUANA

NICOTINE

OPIATES AND OPIOIDS

PSILOCYBIN MUSHROOMS

SALVIA

NEWER PSYCOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

REFERENCES

26 Zootoxins

INTRODUCTION

HYMENOPTERA: BEES, WASPS, AND HORNETS

HYMENOPTERA: IMPORTED FIRE ANTS

TOADS

REFERENCES

27 Food‐Associated Intoxications

INTRODUCTION

ALLIUM

SPECIES

AVOCADO

GRAPES AND RAISINS

MACADAMIA NUTS

METHYLXANTHINES

TREMORGENIC MYCOTOXINS

ETHANOL

YEAST DOUGH

XYLITOL

REFERENCES

28 Mycotoxins and Mushrooms

INTRODUCTION

MUSHROOMS CAUSING GASTROINTESTINAL SIGNS

MUSCARINIC MUSHROOMS

HALLUCINOGENIC MUSHROOMS

IBOTENIC ACID AND MUSCIMOL‐CONTAINING MUSHROOMS

GYROMITRIN‐CONTAINING MUSHROOMS

HEPATOTOXIC MUSHROOMS

MYCOTOXINS

AFLATOXINS

VOMITOXIN OR DEOXYNIVALENOL (DON)

T‐2, HT‐2, AND DIACETOXYSCIRPENOL

OTHERS

REFERENCES

29 Household and Industrial Toxicants

INTRODUCTION

ALCOHOLS

GLYCOLS

BRAKE FLUID AND GLYCOL ETHERS

ACIDS

ALKALIS

DETERGENTS

BLEACH

PHENOLS

ESSENTIAL OILS

ISOCYANATE ADHESIVES

DEICING SALTS

REFERENCES

30 Miscellaneous Toxicants

INTRODUCTION

PETROLEUM‐BASED TOXICANTS

FERTILIZERS

MULCH

COMPOST PILES

CHARCOAL BRIQUETTES

FIRE LOGS

MATCHES

FIREWORKS AND FLARES

EXPLOSIVES

PENTAERYTHRITYL TETRANITRATE (PETN or PENTRHITE)

DYNAMITE

2,4,6‐TRINITROTOLUENE

PAINT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Appendices

Appendix 1: Drugs Used in Toxicology

REFERENCES

Appendix 2: Additional Toxic Plants and Associated System‐Based Effects

GASTROINTESTINAL

CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

CARDIOVASCULAR

RENAL

LIVER DAMAGE

EMACIATION, ASCITES, EDEMA OF DEPENDENT EXTREMITIES; JAUNDICE; HEPATOENCEPHALOPATHY

CONTACT DERMATITIS, EYE IRRITANTS, ALLERGENS

SUDDEN DEATH

Appendix 3: Plants Not Reported to be Toxic

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1. Classification scheme for relative toxicity

Table 1.2. Interactions of toxicants: when multiple chemical exposures occur...

Chapter 2

Table 2.1. Comparison of most common dog breeds registered with AKC vs. repo...

Chapter 3

Table 3.1. Journals with veterinary toxicology articles

Table 3.2. Veterinary toxicology textbooks

Table 3.3. Internet websites with toxicology information

Chapter 5

Table 5.1. Common conversions

Table 5.2. Percentage of elemental iron in common iron salts

Table 5.3. Aspirin equivalents of common salicylates

Table 5.4. Conversions for common vitamins

Chapter 6

Table 6.1. Normal vital signs

Chapter 7

Table 7.1. Range of clinical effects associated with hydrocarbon exposures

Table 7.2 Hydrogen peroxide dosing recommendations for the induction of vomi...

Table 7.3. Dilution volume for milk or water

Chapter 8

Table 8.1. Cross‐reactivity of Crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab

Table 8.2. Cross‐reactivity of antidigoxin Fab fragment with plant cardiac g...

Table 8.3. Selected common organophosphates and carbamates

Table 8.4. Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents

Table 8.5. Cyanide‐containing plants

Table 8.6. Anticholinergic alkaloid plants

Table 8.7. Alpha‐adrenergic blockers

Chapter 9

Table 9.1. Toxicants that can cause sudden death in dogs and cats

Table 9.2. Underlying causes of sudden and unexpected deaths in 151 dogs as ...

Table 9.3. Underlying causes of sudden and unexpected deaths in 79 cats as r...

Table 9.4. Leading toxicologic and non‐toxicologic causes of sudden unexpect...

Table 9.5. Leading toxicologic and non‐toxicologic causes of sudden unexpect...

Chapter 10

Table 10.1. Environmental sample types and amounts for toxicologic testing

Table 10.2. Suggested antemortem samples for toxicologic testing

Table 10.3. Postmortem samples for toxicologic testing

Chapter 11

Table 11.1. Pesticides

Table 11.2. Biologic agents

Table 11.3. Pharmaceuticals

Table 11.4. Nonmedicinal agents

Chapter 12

Table 12.1. Toxicants that injure the cardiovascular system

Chapter 13

Table 13.1. Respiratory toxicants

Chapter 14

Table 14.1. Patterns of hepatotoxicity

Chapter 15

Table 15.1. Nephrotoxicants

Chapter 16

Table 16.1. Toxicants affecting the gastrointestinal tract

Table 16.2. Toxicants affecting the hematopoietic system

Table 16.3. Toxicants affecting the skin

Table 16.4. Toxicants affecting the musculoskeletal system

Chapter 17

Table 17.1. Anticoagulant rodenticides

Table 17.2. Toxicity of bromethalin in various species

Table 17.3. Decontamination recommendations for bromethalin ingestion: recom...

Table 17.4. Decontamination recommendations for bromethalin ingestion: recom...

Table 17.5. Decontamination recommendations for bromethalin ingestion: recom...

Table 17.6. Change in the percentage of cases of various rodenticides report...

Chapter 18

Table 18.1. Common organophosphorus compounds

Table 18.2. Common carbamate compounds

Table 18.3. Toxicological profiles of neonicotinoid insecticides

Chapter 19

Table 19.1. Breeds known to carry the MDR1 P‐glycoprotein genetic polymorphi...

Chapter 22

Table 22.1. Percentages of elemental iron found in common iron formulations...

Table 22.2. Comparison of CaNa

2

EDTA and succimer for the treatment of lead a...

Chapter 23

Table 23.1. Classes of antidepressants and anxiolytics

Table 23.2. Mechanism of action of serotonergic drugs

Chapter 24

Table 24.1. Therapeutic and toxic dosages for aspirin in dogs and cats

Table 24.2. Therapeutic and toxic dosages for selected NSAIDs in dogs and ca...

Chapter 25

Table 25.1. Nicotine content of commercially available products

Table 25.2. Examples of new psychoactive substances

Chapter 26

Table 26.1. Snakebite severity score

Chapter 27

Table 27.1. Approximate methylxanthine levels in different forms of chocolat...

Chapter 28

Table 28.1. Mushrooms of veterinary importance in North America

Table 28.2. Typical clinical phases of cyclopeptides or Amanita phalloides t...

Table 28.3. Potential treatments for hepatotoxic mushroom ingestion

Table 28.4. Mycotoxins in pet food

Table 28.5. Clinical signs and clinicopathologic changes in dogs associated ...

Table 28.6. Clinical signs in dogs associated with vomitoxin exposure

Chapter 29

Table 29.1. Distilled alcoholic beverages and doses that can be administered...

Table 29.2. Common essential oils found in many household and herbal medicin...

Chapter 30

Table 30.1. Petroleum hydrocarbon products listed by relative viscosity (low...

Table 30.2. Clinical signs related to petroleum hydrocarbon product ingestio...

Table 30.3. Some common hydrocarbons and signs of acute toxicosis

Table 30.4. Postmortem lesions reported following ingestion or aspiration of...

Table 30.5. Therapy recommendations for petroleum hydrocarbon exposure

Table 30.6. Clinical signs in dogs consuming cocoa bean mulch

Table 30.7. Treatment of mulch/cocoa bean mulch (theobromine) ingestion

Table 30.8. Clinical signs of compost ingestion

Table 30.9. Treatment of compost ingestion (with the potential of tremorgeni...

Table 30.10. Products involving ignition

Table 30.11. Explosives and clinical signs

Table 30.12. Treatment for explosive ingestion

Table 30.13. Postmortem lesions reported following ingestion of plastic expl...

Table 30.14. Types of paints and potential risks

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1. Illustration of dose–response curve. The majority of responders ...

Figure 1.2. The margin of safety is the ratio of the lethal dose to 1% of th...

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1. Seasonal pet dangers.

Figure 2.2. American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals top 10...

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1. Toxin triage sheet.

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1. Potential false positives using illicit drug urine screens.

Chapter 7

Figure 7.1. Animals should be watched during emesis induction. Emesis should...

Chapter 14

Figure 14.1. Schematic illustration of the microanatomy of the liver. Each h...

Chapter 16

Figure 16.1. Dog is alert but hypersalivating. There are many differentials ...

Chapter 17

Figure 17.1. Blocks of rodenticide. Photograph courtesy of Tim Williams.

Chapter 19

Figure 19.1. Mollusk found under piece of timber.

Figure 19.2. Common ground snail of the southeast region of the United State...

Figure 19.3. Example of ferric‐based snail bait.

Chapter 20

Figure 20.1. This is not the time to wonder what type of plant this is. Phot...

Figure 20.2. Aloe (

Aloe vera

).

Figure 20.3. Begonia (

Begonia

spp.). Photograph courtesy of T.D. Brant.

Figure 20.4. Ornamental pepper (

Capsicum

spp.). Photograph courtesy of T.D. ...

Figure 20.5. Anaheim pepper (

Capsicum

spp.) Photograph courtesy of Jenny Sch...

Figure 20.6. Chrysanthemum (

Chrysanthemum

sp.). Photograph courtesy of T.D. ...

Figure 20.7. Hosta (

Hosta

spp.). Photograph courtesy of T.D. Brant.

Figure 20.8. American Holly (

Ilex opaca

). Insert: closer view of leaves and ...

Figure 20.9. Dieffenbachia (

Dieffenbachia

spp.).

Figure 20.10. Peace lily (

Spathiphyllum

spp.). Photograph courtesy of T.D. B...

Figure 20.11. Tulip (

Tulipa

spp.).

Figure 20.12. Castor bean plant (

Ricinus communis

). Insert: castor beans. Ph...

Figure 20.13. Lily‐of‐the‐valley flowers (

Convallaria majalis

).

Figure 20.14. Foxglove (

Digitalis

spp.).

Figure 20.15. Oleander (

Nerium oleander

).

Figure 20.16. Kalanchoe (

Kalanchoe

spp.). Photograph courtesy of S.M. Gwaltn...

Figure 20.17. Azalea (

Rhododendron

sp.).

Figure 20.18. Japanese yew (

Taxus

spp.).

Figure 20.19. Sago palm (

Cycas revoluta

). Photograph courtesy of T.D. Brant....

Figure 20.20 Cardboard palm (

Zamia

spp.). Photograph courtesy of Tina Wismer...

Figure 20.21. Lantana (

Lantana

spp.). Photograph courtesy of T.D. Brant.

Figure 20.22. Easter lily (

Lilium longiflorum

).

Figure 20.23. Tiger lily (

Lilium tigrinum

) buds. Photograph courtesy of Laur...

Figure 20.24. Day lily (

Hemerocallis

spp.). Photograph courtesy of S.M. Gwal...

Figure 20.25. Rhubarb (

Rheum rhabarbarum

).

Figure 20.26. Yesterday‐today‐tomorrow (

Brunfelsia

spp.).

Figure 20.27. Tomato (

Solanum lycopersicum

). Photograph courtesy of S.M. Gwa...

Figure 20.28. Hops (

Humulus lupulus

). Photograph courtesy of Tina Wismer.

Chapter 24

Figure 24.1. Cold medication formulas that contain acetaminophen plus antihi...

Figure 24.2. Pseudoephedrine. Photograph courtesy of Tina Wismer.

Figure 24.3. Ibuprofen 200 mg. Note the imprint code that identifies the pil...

Chapter 25

Figure 25.1. Marijuana buds or flower.

Chapter 26

Figure 26.1. Northern blacktailed rattlesnake (

Crotalus molossus molossus

) (...

Figure 26.2. Northern Mojave rattlesnake (

Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus

) (p...

Chapter 27

Figure 27.1. Onions, garlic, and shallot. Photograph courtesy of Tim William...

Figure 27.2. Grapes on a vine.

Figure 27.3. Assorted chocolates; when calculating doses take into account w...

Chapter 28

Figure 28.1. It is not uncommon for owners to send a photograph of mushrooms...

Figure 28.2. Physical characteristics, such as gill pattern, can be helpful ...

Chapter 29

Figure 29.1. Metabolism of ethylene glycol.

Figure 29.2. Quaternary ammonium general cleaner. Photograph courtesy of Tin...

Figure 29.3. Cat with tongue tip irritation from licking household bleach. P...

Appendix 2

Figure A2.1.

Aconitum

spp. Photograph courtesy of Tina Wismer.

Figure A2.2.

Anthurium

spp.

Figure A2.3.

Arum

spp. fruits.

Figure A2.4.

Aucuba japonica

.

Figure A2.5.

Codiaeum variegatum

.

Figure A2.6.

Crinium

spp.

Figure A2.7.

Cyclamen

spp.

Figure A2.8.

Dicentra

spp.

Figure A2.9.

Euphorbia milii

; crown of thorns is a fitting common name.

Figure A2.10.

Euphorbia pulcherrima

; plants can grow very large in tropical ...

Figure A2.11.

Galanthus

spp.

Figure A2.12.

Gloriosa

spp.

Figure A2.13. Variegated

Heptapleurum

spp.

Figure A2.14. Panicle

Hydrangea

spp.

Figure A2.15.

Hymenocallis

spp.

Figure A2.16. Bearded iris.

Figure A2.17.

Laburnum

spp.

Figure A2.18.

Lonicera japonica

.

Figure A2.19. Seed pods of a

Lupinus

spp.

Figure A2.20.

Monstera

spp.

Figure A2.21. Fruit of

Monstera

spp.; it is edible when ripe.

Figure A2.22.

Narcissus

spp.

Figure A2.23.

Nicotiana

spp.

Figure A2.24.

Philodendron

spp.

Figure A2.25.

Phytolacca americana

.

Figure A2.26.

Podophyllum

spp.

Figure A2.27.

Polygonatum

spp.

Figure A2.28.

Syngonium podophyllum

.

Figure A2.29.

Tagetes

spp.

Figure A2.30.

Tradescantia

spp.

Figure A2.31.

Wisteria

spp.

Figure A2.32.

Papaver

spp.

Figure A2.33.

Conium

spp.

Figure A2.34.

Equisetum

spp.

Figure A2.35.

Juglans nigra

still inside its hull.

Appendix 3

Figure A3.1.

Celosia

spp. Photograph courtesy of Tina Wismer.

Figure A3.2. Fruits of

Crataegus ambigua

(Russian hawthorn). Photograph cour...

Figure A3.3.

Fuchsia magellanica

. Photograph courtesy of Tina Wismer.

Figure A3.4.

Glechoma hederacea

. Photograph courtesy of Jenny Schuett.

Figure A3.5.

Iresine herbstii

. Photograph courtesy of Tina Wismer.

Figure A3.6. Edible bananas hanging on the tree. Photograph courtesy of Tina...

Figure A3.7.

Potentilla atrosanguinea

(dark crimson cinquefoil). Photograph ...

Guide

Cover Page

Table of Contents

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contributors

Preface

Acknowledgement

Begin Reading

Appendices

Appendix 1 Drugs Used in Toxicology

Appendix 2 Additional Toxic Plants and Associated System‐Based Effects

Appendix 3 Plants Not Reported to be Toxic

Index

Wiley End User License Agreement

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Small Animal Toxicology Essentials

Second Edition

Edited by

Tina Wismer, DVM, MS, DABVT, DABT

ASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Wismer, Tina, editor.Title: Small animal toxicology essentials / [edited by] Tina Wismer.Description: Second edition. | Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., [2025] | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2024058683 (print) | LCCN 2024058684 (ebook) | ISBN 9781394180110 (paperback) | ISBN 9781394180127 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 9781394180134 (epub)Subjects: MESH: Poisoning–veterinary | Poisoning–therapy | PetsClassification: LCC SF757.5 (print) | LCC SF757.5 (ebook) | NLM SF 757.5 | DDC 636.089/59–dc23/eng/20250213LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024058683LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2024058684

Cover Design: WileyCover Images: Courtesy of Tina Wismer, Tamara Foss, and Tim Williams

Dedication

To Tim Williams, my long‐suffering husband and biggest fan. Thank you for all of the support for this project and others. I would also like to dedicate this edition to all of my colleagues that have a passion for veterinary toxicology. It has been a pleasure to see you all grow and flourish.

Contributors

Elisha Argo, CVTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Jeff Backus, CVT, RVT, VTS (ECC)ASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Brandee Bean, CVTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Lisa Bunnell, CVTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Rhian Cope, BVSc, BSc, PhD, DABTERMA New ZealandNew Zealand

Devon Davis, CVTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Frank Davis, CVTMulti‐site Hospital ManagerUrbana, IL, USA

Eric Dunayer, DVM, MS, DABVT, DABTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Catherine Dzienisiewski, VMD, MLAS, DABTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Tamara Foss, CVTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Erin Freed, CVTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Sharon Gwaltney‐Brant, DVM, PhD, DABVT, DABTVeterinary Information NetworkMahomet, IL, USA

Jennifer Hopkins, DVM, DABTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Jennifer Kendall, DVM, DABT, DABVTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Safdar A. Khan, DVM, PhD, DABVT (retired)Urbana, IL, USA

Carrie Lohmeyer‐Mauzy, CVTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Kristi D. Long, CVT, LVT, AATASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Charlotte Means, DVM, MLIS, DABVT, DABTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Lisa Murphy, DVM, DABTUniversity of PennsylvaniaKennett Square, PA

Brittany Parsons, DVM, DABTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Mindy Perez, CVT, MBAASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Jenny Schuett, CVTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Karla R. Smith, DVMASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Lizzy Stone‐Lawrence, RVT, VTS (ECC)ASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Ginger Watts Brown, DVM, DABT, DABVTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Tina Wismer, DVM, MS, DABVT, DABTASPCA Animal Poison Control CenterChampaign, IL, USA

Preface

The second edition of Small Animal Toxicology Essentials expands on the first and has updated information. It has also added more color photographs. The book is still divided into three sections. The first section is fundamentals and has self‐study questions. The second section covers body systems and what happens to them when exposed to toxins and what toxins can affect them. Section three covers specific toxicants divided by their type. The appendices contain drug dosages and lists of toxic and nontoxic plants.

Acknowledgement

I would like to acknowledge the hard work done by Sharon Gwaltney‐Brant, Robert Poppenga, and all the previous authors in the first edition. It gave me an easy outline to follow.

Section 1Fundamentals of Veterinary Clinical Toxicology