Smart Antennas: Recent Trends in Design and Applications E-Book
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- Herausgeber: Bentham Science Publishers
- Kategorie: Wissenschaft und neue Technologien
- Serie: Advances in Computing Communications and Informatics
- Sprache: Englisch
This reference provides the reader with focused information about microstrip antenna design and applications. Readers are first introduced to the basic design of microstrip antennas. Subsequent chapters explain how microstrip antennas are suitable for practical applications. These chapters cover topics such as fractal and defected ground structure antennas, microstrip antenna evaluation and the use of microstrip antennas in mobile communications and IoT applications. Scholars, researchers and industrial professionals involved in the fields of electronics and electrical engineering as well as instrumentation will benefit from the information given in this book.
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Seitenzahl: 141
Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021
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PREFACE
The book primarily focuses on recent advances in the field of micro-strip antenna design and its applications in various fields, including space communication, mobile communication, wireless communication, medical implants, wearable applications etc. Scholars from electronics/ electrical/instrumentation engineering, researchers, and industrial people will benefit from this book. Students, researchers, and people from industries have expressed concerns about obtaining antenna measurements in various environments. The current book shall provide the literature using which students and researchers would be able to design antennas for above-mentioned applications. Ultimately, it would enable users to take measurements in different environments. The book is organized into eight chapters. A brief description of each chapter is as follows:
Introduction to Microstrip Antenna: The chapter includes basics of microstrip antenna, its design issues, and various applications.
Fractal and Defected Ground Structure Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Applications: The chapter highlights the characteristics of antenna miniaturization technology across distinct fractal geometries. Non-Euclidian geometry is fractal geometry. The fractal geometry antenna has multi-band frequency of operation with a relatively larger bandwidth. Fractal antennas have demerits that can be effectively optimized by defective ground structure over traditional antennas. Numerous applications such as WLAN, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WCN, Mobile 2G,3G, 4G, 5G, Wi-Max, etc., are seen in the research discussed in this article.
Role of AI in Market Developments and Financial Stability Implications: This research article provides a general role of AI in financial services and its definition in practical scenarios. The research work is mostly qualitative and does not include any data analysis for its results. This chapter describes the major benefits derived by the practices of AI in general in the financial sector. For the study, some examples of the role of AI in service organizations are analyzed and results are given from their findings. The authors have explained the benefits of AI from the perspectives of both customers and service providers.
Performance Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Various Applications: With the development of wireless communication systems, compact wireless devices that allow more space for the integration of other electronic components are needed. Engineering innovation poses problems for integrating multiple RF-band antennas with a wide range of frequencies. We can improve the antenna design by advancing the optimization methodology. It also provides us with the opportunity to analyze the existing studies to categorize and synthesize them in a meaningful way.
Importance and Uses of Microstrip Antenna in IoT: This chapter attempts to consider how the IoT (Internet of Things) is revolutionizing the world. IoT is a network similar to the monster wherein different devices interconnect and furnish to communicate with each other. Thus, it helps to drive computerization to an advanced level. This helps all the connected devices to communicate with one another and make decisions on their own without human intercessions.
Use of Smart-Antenna in Mobile Communication: By researching the smart antenna techniques, it is observed that the success of the smart antenna lies on two major factors: first, the smart antenna’s features need to be considered early in the design phase of future systems (top-down compatibility); second, a realistic performance evaluation of smart antenna techniques needs to be performed according to the critical parameters associated with future system requirements (bottom-up feasibility). In the end, we will discuss the market trends, future projections, and the expected financial impact of smart antenna systems deployment.
DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to my late father, who taught me to be an independent and determined person, without whom I would never be able to achieve my objectives and succeed in life.
Late (Sr.) Dharamveer SinghList of Contributors
Introduction to Microstrip Antenna
Vivek Arya1,*Abstract
The very first idea of microstrip antenna was given by G. A. Deschamps in 1953 [1]. However, it did not receive practical exposure until the 1970s and it was further developed by Robert E. Menson [2]. The microstrip antennas are also called patch antennas and abbreviated as MSA. The microstrip antenna has various key advantages due to its low profile, light weight, low cost, and miniaturization capability [3-4]. There are various authentic applications of microstrip antenna such as satellite communication, Radar, WLAN, and WiMAX [5-9]. Nowadays, microstrip antennas are widely used for military and civilian applications such as broadcast radio, television, mobile systems, radio-frequency identification (RFID) system, vehicle guidance system, a global positioning system (GPS), vehicle collision avoidance system, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, radar systems, determination of direction, surveillance systems, biological imaging, and missile systems, etc.
1. Introduction
Several researchers and experts are working to improve the various quality parameters like bandwidth, directivity, and gain of microstrip antenna. Some other existing solutions, such as defected ground structures (DGS), electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures, and composite resonator structures, create the issues of spurious radiation and very high complexity. The new approach provides the solution for this problem using metamaterial. In 1968, Russian Physicist Prof. Vaselago was the first who theoretically proposed the concept of the metamaterial. Attractive and interesting properties of metamaterials play a very important and authentic role in antenna designing. Therefore, the metamaterial can be used for the performance enhancement of microstrip patch antennas, as shown in Fig. (1).
Fig. (1)) Geometrical Layout of Microstrip Antenna, 3-Dimensional view of microstrip antenna.2. Feeding Techniques
The main objective of the feedline is to provide an input signal to the antenna for excitation. Nowadays, several feeding techniques are available for microstrip patch antennas. These feeding techniques or methods are categorized into two groups (a) contacting and (b) non-contacting technique, as shown in Fig. (2). In the contact technique, using connecting elements (like a coaxial probe, microstrip line, and inset fed or notch fed), the RF power is directly fed to the patch of an antenna. In non-contacting techniques, various feed methods, i.e.., proximity coupling, aperture coupling, and electromagnetic field coupling, are used for power transfer. The feeding technique selection for microstrip antenna plays a very crucial role because various antenna quality parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, and efficiency of an antenna are directly affected by it [10]. The surface waves and spurious feed radiation vary according to the thickness of the substrate that restricts the bandwidth of the microstrip antenna [11]. The co-axial feed and microstrip feed contacting techniques are the most commonly used in patch antenna designing, while in the non-contacting feed technique, the radiating patch is indirectly fed by the RF power, and then power is transferred to radiating patch. The most popular and commonly used techniques in non-contacting methods are aperture coupled feed and proximity coupled feed [12-14]. Com- parison of different feeding techniques is given in Table 1. Summary of advantages and disadvantages of different feeding techniques are given in Table 2. The general feeding techniques are discussed briefly as follows.
Fig. (2)) Classification of different feeding techniques.
