Smart Materials for Science and Engineering E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 789

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2024

Beschreibung

SMART MATERIALS FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Smart materials, also known as advanced or creative materials, are described as advanced materials that react intuitively to environmental changes or as materials that can return to their original shape in response to certain stimuli. Smart materials are classified as either active or passive based on their characteristics. There are two types of active materials. The first kind cannot change its characteristics when subjected to outside stimuli, for example photochromatic spectacles that only alter their color when exposed to sunlight. The other, which includes piezoelectric materials, can change one sort of energy (thermal, electrical, chemical, mechanical, or optical) into another. When subjected to external pressure, it can generate an electric charge. As an example, optical fibers can transmit electromagnetic waves. In contrast, passive smart materials can transmit a specific sort of energy. They have some amazing qualities that set them apart from other materials, such as transiency, meaning they can react to different kinds of external stimuli immediately, self-actuation or the capacity to change their appearance and shape, selectivity where the response is divided and expected, directness when the response is limited to the activating event, shape-changing where the material can change its shape to external stimuli, their ability to determine their own health, also known as self-diagnosis, and their ability to self-heal. The ability to synthesize novel materials has substantially progressed thanks to science and technology over the past 20 years. They fall mostly into the following four categories: polymers, ceramics, metals, and smart materials. Among these, smart materials are gaining popularity since they have more uses than conventional materials. Smart materials are unusual substances that have the ability to alter their properties, such as those that can immediately change their phase when placed near a magnet or their shape simply by applying heat. Humanity will be significantly impacted by this new era of smart materials. For instance, some of them can adapt their properties to the environment, some have sensory capabilities, some can repair themselves automatically, and some can degrade themselves. These extraordinary properties of smart materials will have an effect on all facets of civilization. There are many different types of intelligent materials, including magnetorheological materials, electro-rheostat materials, shape memory alloys, piezoelectric materials, and more. This book describes many forms of smart materials and their possible uses in various fields. A literature survey discusses the different types of smart materials, such as based ceramics, polymers, and organic compounds and their needs, advantages, disadvantages, and applications will be comprehensively discussed. A discussion of well-established smart materials including piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, shape memory alloy, electro-rheological fluid, and magnetorheological fluid materials will be discussed with their present prospects.

Leseprobe

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Publishers at ScrivenerMartin Scrivener ([email protected])Phillip Carmical ([email protected])

Smart Materials for Science and Engineering

Edited by

Upendra Kumar

and

Piyush Kumar Sonkar

This edition first published 2024 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA© 2024 Scrivener Publishing LLCFor more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISBN 978-1-394-18581-8

Cover images: Solar Panel: Wave Break Media Ltd | Dreamstime.com, Black & White Abstract: Kateryna Linnik | Dreamstime.com, Fuel Cell: Luchschen | Dreamstime.com, Dental Implants: Bymandesigns Dreamstime.comCover design and drawings: Kris Hackerott

Dedicatedto ours

Authors, Collaborators&Beloved Parents

Preface

Advanced and creative materials are other names for smart materials. They can be described as advanced materials that react intuitively to environmental changes or as materials that can return to their original shape in response to certain stimuli. Based on their characteristics, such as active or passive response, smart materials are classified. There are two types of active materials; the first kind cannot change its characteristics when subjected to outside stimuli, such as photochromatic spectacles, which only alter their colour when exposed to sunlight. The other kinds, like piezoelectric materials, can change one sort of energy (thermal, electrical, chemical, mechanical, and optical) into another. When subjected to external pressure, it can generate an electric charge. As an example, optical fibers can transmit electromagnetic waves. In contrast, passive smart materials can transmit a specific sort of energy. They have some amazing qualities that set them apart from other materials, such as transiency—they can react to different kinds of external stimuli, immediacy—the response time is much shorter, self-actuation—the capacity to change their appearance and shape, selectivity—the response is divided and expected, directness—the response is limited to the activating event, shape-changing—the material can change its shape to external stimuli, self-diagnostic—their ability to determine their own health, and self-healing – their ability to recover and fixed issue by themselves.

The ability to synthesize novel materials has substantially progressed thanks to science and technology over the past 20 years. They fall mostly into the following four categories: polymers, ceramics, metals, and smart materials. Among these, smart materials are gaining in popularity since they have more uses than conventional materials. Smart materials are unusual substances that have the ability to alter their properties, such as those that can immediately change their phase when placed near a magnet or their shape simply by applying heat. The human race will be significantly impacted by this new era of smart materials. For instance, some of them can adapt their properties to the environment, some have sensory capabilities, some can repair themselves automatically, and some can degrade themselves. These extraordinary properties of smart materials will have an effect on all facets of civilization. There are many different types of intelligent materials, including magnetorheological materials, electro-rheostat materials, shape memory alloys, piezoelectric materials, and more. This book describes many forms of smart materials and their possible uses in various fields. Thus, this book titled “Smart Materials for Science and Engineering” cover most of the significant areas of smart materials and useful for the readers.

Acknowledgements

First of all, we are thankful to our contributing authors for their valuable contribution to this book.

We are thankful to Prof. B. N. Dwivedi (Department of Physics, IIT BHU) Prof. Devendra Kumar (Department of Ceramic Engineering, IIT BHU) for their continuous help, support and motivation.

We are thankful to Dr. Shail Upadhyay (Department of Physics, IIT BHU) and Prof. V. Ganesan (Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, BHU) for their sincere effort and dedication to contribute in this book.

We are thankful to our research group members Dr. Satyam Kumar, Dr. Varsha Yadav, Mr. Narvadeshwar, Amit Kumar Verma, Ms. Vedika, Harshpreet, Manisha, Mr. Ramsundar, and Raj Kumar for their help and support.

We are thankful to Mr. Angesh Kumar Maurya and Ms. Kavita Sonkar for helping in development of book cover page and index, respectively.

The authors, Dr. Upendra Kumar acknowledges funding support from SERB, Govt. of India for EEQ project and Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad for SEED Grant; Dr. Piyush Kumar Sonkar acknowledges funding support from Institute of Eminence (IoE), Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, India for Seed Grant and Trans-disciplinary Research Project.

We are thankful to our colleagues, collaborators, friends and well-wishers to provide the moral support for this book.

We are thankful to our family members and friends for providing continuous moral support in this book.

Scope of the Book

The present book gives a complete description about the different types of smart materials. In this book, a literature survey discusses the different types of smart materials such as based ceramics, polymers, organic compounds, etc., and their need, advantages, disadvantages, and applications will be comprehensively discussed. In this book, the discussion about the well investigated smart materials including piezoelectric, Magnetostrictive, shape memory alloys, electro-rheological fluid, and magnetorheological fluid will be discussed with their present prospects and current literature survey.

This book covers the various aspects of the smart materials. Chapter 1 describes the detailed introduction of the smart materials, historical overview and future prospective. Fabrication and characterization of the smart materials are discussed in Chapter-2. Chapter-3 and Chapter-4 provides the details about medical application in dental science and tissue engineering. The various application and preparation strategies of the smart materials are discussed in the Chapter-5 to Chapter-8. The energy storage applications of the smart materials are discussed in Chapter-9 to Chapter-12. The fuel cells and biofuel cell applications are discussed in Chapter-13 and Chapter-14. The CO2 reduction, capture and semiconductor application from the smart materials are discussed in Chapter-15 and Chapter-16, respectively. Further, the futuristic microelectronics from the smart materials are discussed in Chapter-17. Hence, this book is quite beneficial for undergraduate, post-graduate, Ph.D. scholar, Post-Doc fellow, faculty and scientist working in interdisciplinary areas to understand fundamentals of smart materials, their advantages, disadvantages, and applications in various societal and smart city problems.