Soft Materials-Based Biosensing Medical Applications E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1051

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2025

Beschreibung

The book offers a comprehensive, interdisciplinary overview of how innovative soft materials are revolutionizing biosensing technologies, making it an essential read for anyone interested in cutting-edge advancements in biomedical research and healthcare.

Soft materials include granular materials, foams, gels, polymers, surfactants, functional organics, and biological molecules. These structures can be altered by thermal or mechanical stress due to their ability to self-organize into mesoscopic physical structures. They are becoming increasingly significant as functional materials for broader applications because of their rich surface chemistry and versatile functions.

A biosensor is an analytical tool for chemical compound detection that combines a biological element with a physicochemical detector. Sensitive biological components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, tissue, bacteria, and enzymes, are collected from a biomimetic element that interacts and binds with the analyte under investigation. In biosensors, soft matter may function as both a sensing and transducing component. The interplay of soft matter with biomolecular analytes results in cell signaling pathways, diagnostic tests for applications in low-resource environments, prospective drug development, molecular biodetection, chemical sensors, and biological sensors. Understanding these biomolecular interactions in the context of acute illnesses is critical for biomedical research and healthcare. This has fueled efforts to create a biosensor that is effective, low-cost, and label-free.

Several approaches using soft materials to functionalize and tailor structures have greatly advanced science, including chemistry, physics, pharmaceutical science, materials science, and engineering. Soft Materials-Based Biosensing Medical Applications summarizes recent advances in soft materials with unique physicochemical properties that synergistically promote biosensing systems.

Audience

The book will be read by researchers, materials scientists, electronic and AI engineers, as well as pharmaceutical and biomedical professionals interested in the uses of biosensing.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Cover

Table of Contents

Series Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Foreword

Preface

1 Introduction to Soft Materials

List of Abbreviations

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Brief Introduction to Theories of Soft Matter

1.3 Classification of Soft Materials

1.4 Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Materials

1.5 Characteristics of Soft Matter

1.6 Summary

References

2 Synthesizing Soft Materials: Lab to an Industrial Approach

List of Abbreviations

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Soft Condensed Matter

2.3 Synthesis of Smart Functional LCs

2.4 Conclusions

References

3 Liquid Crystal as a Potential Biosensing Material

List of Abbreviations

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Classification of LC Biosensor

3.3 LC-Microfluidic Biosensor

3.4 Electric Field-Assisted Signal Amplified LC Biosensor

3.5 LC-Based Whispering Gallery Mode Microcavity Biosensing

3.6 LC Biosensors Using Different Sensing Targets

3.7 Summary

References

4 Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Emulsions for Biosensing

List of Abbreviations

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Fabrication of LC Emulsions

4.3 CLCs in Biosensor Applications

4.4 Challenges and Opportunities

4.5 Conclusions

References

5 Design and Study of Ionic Hydrogel Strain Sensors for Biomedical Applications

List of Abbreviations

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Applications in Biomedicine

5.3 Hydrogels

5.4 Hardware

5.5 Characteristics of the Hydrogel

5.6 Limitations

5.7 Conclusions and Further Study

Acknowledgments

References

6 Colloidal Nanoparticles as Potential Optical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers

List of Abbreviations

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Cancer Biomarkers

6.3 Colloidal NP–Based Optical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers

6.4 Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

6.5 Conclusions

Acknowledgment

References

7 Polymeric Composite Soft Materials for Anticancer Drug Delivery and Detection

List of Abbreviations

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Polymer Composite Soft Material–Based Anticancer Drug Delivery

7.3 Polymer Composite Soft Material–Based Sensors for Anticancer Drug Detection

7.4 Discussion

7.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

8 Nanotechnology-Doped Soft Material–Based Biosensors

List of Abbreviations

8.1 Introduction

8.2 The Principle Behind Doped Soft Nanomaterial–Based Biosensor

8.3 Classification of Soft Materials

8.4 Physical and Chemical Behavior of Soft Material

8.5 Synthesis of Soft Nanomaterial–Based Biosensor

8.6 Application of Nano-Based Biosensor

8.7 Emerging Trends and Future Directions in Nanotechnology-Doped Soft Material–Based Biosensors

8.8 Challenges and Limitations

8.9 Conclusion

References

9 Cancer Cell Biomarker Exosomes are Detected by Biosensors Based on Soft Materials

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Exosome Biogenesis, Isolation, and Study of Exosome Composition

9.3 Exosome Profiling

9.4 Exosomes Produced by Cancer: Clinical Evaluation

9.5 Important Biosensor-Related Components

9.6 Soft Material–Based Biosensors are a Recent Development in Cancer Cell Biomarker Exosome Detection

9.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives

References

10 Natural-Product-Based Soft Materials in Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers

List of Abbreviations

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Biopolymer Composite-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers

10.3 Protein/Amino Acid-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers

10.4 Opportunities, Future Recommendations, and Challenges

10.5 Conclusions

10.6 Acknowledgments

References

11 Recent Advances and Development in 3D Printable Biosensors

List of Abbreviations

11.1 Introduction

11.2 3D Printable Biosensors Based on Technology

11.3 3D Printable Biosensors Based on Product Type

11.4 3D Printable Biosensors Based on Medical Applications

11.5 3D Printable Biosensors Based on Sensor Types

11.6 Conclusion

References

12 Computational Panorama of Soft Material for Biosensing Applications

Abbreviations

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Computational Application of Soft Gel Biosensing Techniques in Microfluids

12.3 Computational Panorama of Soft Hydrogel Technique in Diagnostics

12.4 Computational Landscaping of Spectroscopy-Based Biosensors and Their Applications

12.5 Use of Wearable Biosensors in Computation for Treatment, Diagnosis, and Medical Monitoring

12.6 Computational Panorama of Optical Biosensor

12.7 Computational Applications of Hydrogel-Based Sensor Networks

12.8 Hydrogel-Based Self-Supporting Materials with Computational Panorama for Flexible/Stretchable Sensors

12.9 Waterborne Pathogen Detection Using Biosensors and Molecular Techniques

12.10 Applications of Biomimetic Electrochemical Devices in Detecting

12.11 The Latest Developments in Hydrogels for Sensing Applications

12.12 Novel Aerial Image of Dissolving Microneedles Used for Transdermal Medicine Delivery

12.13 Making Use of Potentiometric Biosensors to Find Biomarkers

12.14 Biosensor Framework Enabled by Multiphoton Effects and Machine Learning

12.15 Conclusion

References

13 Soft Materials for Implantable Biosensors for Humans

List of Abbreviations

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Nature of Implantable Materials

13.3 Importance of Soft Materials in the Field of Implantable Biosensors

13.4 Types of Soft Materials

13.5 Factors Influencing the Implantable Biosensors

13.6 Applications of Soft Materials for Implantable Biosensors in Humans

13.7 Challenges for Soft Materials for Implantable Biosensors

13.8 Recommendation

13.9 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

14 Treatment of Diabetic Patients with Functionalized Biomaterials

List of Abbreviations

14.1 Background and Introduction

14.2 Mechanism of Insulin Release in Diabetes Mellitus

14.3 Relationship Between Diabetic Complications and Glycation Process

14.4 Biomaterials and Their Surface Functionalization

14.5 Surface Functionalization of Biomaterials Using Surface Modification Technologies

14.6 Biomaterials with Natural Polymer Bases to Treat Diabetes

14.7 Biomaterials Based on Chitosan for the Treatment of Diabetes

14.8 Synthetic Polymer-Based Biomaterials for the Treatment of Diabetes

14.9 Hydrogel-Based Adaptable Biomaterials for Managing and Treating Diabetes

14.10 Topical Gel-Based Biomaterials for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Therapy

14.11 Creating Immunomodulatory Biomaterials to Treat Diabetes

14.12 Using Functionalized Biomaterials in Diabetic Wound Management

14.13 Applications of Functionalized Biomaterials for Diabetes Mellitus-Related Tissue Engineering

14.14 Conclusion and Future Scope

Acknowledgments

References

15 Treatment and Detection of Oral Cancer Using Biosensors: Advances and Prospective

List of Abbreviations

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Therapeutic Value of Mouth Liquids as a Bio Medium

15.3 Salivary Metabolomics

15.4 Electrochemical Biosensors

15.5 Biosensors on a Nanoscale

15.6 Conclusions

References

16 Environmental Aspect of Soft Material: Journey of Sustainable and Cost-Effective Biosensors from Lab to Industry

List of Abbreviations

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Soft Materials

16.3 Environmental Impact

16.4 Biosensors

16.5 Applications of Biosensors in Several Disciplines

16.6 Advancement in Biosensors

16.7 Fluorescent Tag Biosensors

16.8 Plasmonic Fiber Optic Biosensors

16.9 Conclusion

References

Index

End User License Agreement

List of Tables

Chapter 1

Table 1.1 Classification of colloids.

Table 1.2 Significance of change in total surface area with respect to the num...

Chapter 2

Table 2.1 Comparison of two broadly classified self-assembled nanostructures o...

Table 2.2 Overview of the many kinds of polymer gels employed in biomedical ap...

Table 2.3 List of chemical moieties to design LCs.

Table 2.4 Summarized data for trans-cis isomerization time, thermal back relax...

Table 2.5 Summarized data for trans-cis isomerization time, thermal back relax...

Table 2.6 Molecular structure, phase progression, and morphology (of the B4 ph...

Table 2.7 Biphenyl-based BLCs showing B1 phase [223].

Table 2.8 Mesophases and phase transition temperatures as observed on heating ...

Table 2.9 Structure, mesophases, and phase transition temperatures as observed...

Table 2.10 Phase transition temperature of the pure and titanium dioxide nanop...

Table 2.11 Structure of Blatter’s radical core–based BLCs showing compound

B59

...

Chapter 6

Table 6.1 List of types of cancer and its respective biomarkers along with uti...

Table 6.2 Types of colloidal nanoparticle-based optical biosensors for cancer ...

Chapter 7

Table 7.1 Types, applications, mode of action, and side effects of different t...

Table 7.2 Electrochemical sensors reported for the determination of anticancer...

Table 7.3 Optical sensor reports for the monitoring of anticancer therapeutic ...

Table 7.4 Polymeric composite–based DDSs for various commercially available an...

Chapter 8

Table 8.1 Properties of doped soft materials.

Table 8.2 Application of nano-based biosensor.

Chapter 9

Table 9.1 Summary of the different colorimetric biosensors for exosome detecti...

Table 9.2 Summary of the different fluorescent biosensors for exosome detectio...

Table 9.3 Summary of the different surface plasmon resonance biosensors for ex...

Table 9.4 Summary of the different surface-enhanced Raman scattering biosensor...

Table 9.5 Summary of the different voltammetric biosensors for exosome detecti...

Table 9.6 Summary of the different impedimetric biosensors for exosome detecti...

Tables 9.7 Summary of the different amperometric biosensors for exosome detect...

Chapter 10

Table 10.1 Specific biomarkers used for the identification of various type of ...

Table 10.2 Natural-product-based soft materials in electrochemical biosensors ...

Chapter 11

Table 11.1 3D printing classification based on ASTM standards.

Table 11.2 Application of various extrusion-based 3D printing techniques in th...

Table 11.3 Application of stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing...

Table 11.4 Application of 3D printable biosensor for different disease conditi...

Chapter 13

Table 13.1 The details of research articles published every year are based on ...

Table 13.2 The conductivity of the soft materials applied for implantable bios...

Table 13.3 Soft materials based implantable biosensors for continuous glucose ...

Table 13.4 Soft material-based implantable sensors for overactive and under ac...

Table 13.5 Soft material-based implantable biosensors for the DA monitoring

in

...

Chapter 14

Table 14.1 Biomaterials’ categorization and properties.

Chapter 15

Table 15.1 Different kinds of biomarkers are grouped by the bio-recognition co...

Table 15.2 Different biosensors that are utilized to find OC.

Chapter 16

Table 16.1 The use of nanomaterials in the creation of biosensors [18].

Table 16.2 Classification of biosensors with their applications [42].

List of Illustrations

Chapter 1

Figure 1.1 Different types of molecular architecture. (a) Flexible coil, (b) r...

Figure 1.2 TEM image of a colloid aggregate of gold showing DLA structure [22]...

Figure 1.3 (a) Colloidal particle interactions at a fluid interface include to...

Figure 1.4 (a) A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image showing the stru...

Figure 1.5 Classification of liquid crystal and applications [13].

Figure 1.6 (a) Schlieren texture of 5O.6 LC at nematic to isotropic transition...

Figure 1.7 Soap foaming in the liquid surface.

Figure 1.8 Contact angles of hydrophobic and hydrophilic interfaces.

Figure 1.9 Contact angle made by three different types of interfaces.

Figure 1.10 Brownian motion.

Figure 1.11 (a) Single individual particles, (b) particle combining together t...

Figure 1.12 Self-assembling nature of water droplets found in nature.

Figure 1.13 Confocal image: The areas that appear bright in the image indicate...

Figure 1.14 Lennard–Jones potential representing both van der Waals attraction...

Figure 1.15 Interactive potential attractive in nature.

Figure 1.16 Interactive potential repulsive in nature.

Figure 1.17 Total interaction potential.

Chapter 2

Figure 2.1 Smart art depicts the three major types of soft materials with thei...

Figure 2.2 Chart illustration of different categories used to classify soft po...

Figure 2.3 Flowchart representing the classification of LCs.

Figure 2.4 Some typical examples: (a) cartoon schematics of various LCs phases...

Figure 2.5 Sketches of some typical examples and structures of amphiphiles tha...

Figure 2.6 Cartoon depicting the general structure of cyclic compound exhibiti...

Figure 2.7 Chemical structure of electron-rich dimers of triphenylene.

Figure 2.8 Monomeric DLCs based on triphenylene.

Figure 2.9 Chemical structure of fluorinated triphenylene modeled DLCs.

Figure 2.10 Hexabenzocoronenes (HBC)–based DLCs.

Figure 2.11 Ionic DLCs.

Figure 2.12 Crown ether–based DLCs.

Figure 2.13 HAT 6 and benzene substituted DLCs.

Figure 2.14 Molecular framework of a BLC system showing similarity with airpla...

Figure 2.15 Schematic illustrations: (a) representation of a bent-core molecul...

Figure 2.16 Molecular structures of the bent-shaped 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiaz...

Figure 2.17 Two groups of [1,2,3]-triazole-based BLCs synthesized via microwav...

Figure 2.18 The 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT)–based bent-core compound

B14

Figure 2.19 General structure of diphenylthiophene based BLCs [207].

Figure 2.20 (a) Structures of compounds

B20

and

B21

[172]. (b) Alignment of ne...

Figure 2.21 Four-ringed BLCs with 3-amino-2-methylbenzoic acid central core wi...

Figure 2.22 Structures of compounds

B24

–

B33

displaying the influence of linkin...

Figure 2.23 Photoisomerization of laterally substituted BLCs

B34

and

B35

with ...

Figure 2.24 Molecular structure of imine-linker–based BLCs: (a) antiferroelect...

Figure 2.25 The p-nitro substituted stilbene–based BLCs showing transition tem...

Figure 2.26 Bird-like bent-core mesogens with different head group choices com...

Figure 2.27 The chemical structure of the lyotropic BLC molecule showing count...

Figure 2.28 Practical aspect of BLCs: (a) obstacles faced during practical app...

Chapter 3

Figure 3.1 Schematic representation of the classification of liquid crystals.

Figure 3.2 8CB LC droplets modified with DMOAP of concentration 300 μM undergo...

Figure 3.3 POM images of LC aptasensor cells having various concentrations of ...

Figure 3.4 (a) POM image of various concentrations of Au@TE-PAzo NPs doped in ...

Figure 3.5 (a) The images include schematic illustrations and POM images. (A) ...

Figure 3.6 Microfluidic immunoassays with LC-based detection and automated flu...

Figure 3.7 The following are visual representations of (a) a microchip consist...

Figure 3.8 (a) Image describes some experimental results related to an optoflu...

Figure 3.9 The LC material in the cell is 5CB, which is sandwiched between two...

Figure 3.10 Kinetic investigation of protease activity employing LC as a repor...

Figure 3.11 POM images of 5CB bound to 75 mesh gold grids installed on DMOAP-c...

Chapter 4

Figure 4.1 Working mechanism of biosensor.

Figure 4.2 (a) Molecular organization in the solid, liquid crystal, and liquid...

Figure 4.3 Classification of LCs.

Figure 4.4 (a) Schematic showing how helical LC molecules are arranged after c...

Figure 4.5 Organization of molecules in (a) NLC and (b) CLC phases. Common tex...

Figure 4.6 Schematic illustrations and POM images of molecular orientation in ...

Figure 4.7 Schematic of preparation of emulsion in a general way.

Figure 4.8 Schematic showing the fabrication of LC emulsions. (a) Stirring emu...

Figure 4.9 (a) Detecting glucose and cholesterol with pH-responsive CLC drople...

Figure 4.10 (a) POM images depicting the dynamics of 0.5 mM DLPC-induced recon...

Figure 4.11 Several models of CLC

PAA

droplets, showing (a) P, (b) H anchoring,...

Chapter 5

Figure 5.1 A flowchart detailing various kinds of sensors [1].

Figure 5.2 Simplified fabrication process for the preparation of hydrogel.

Figure 5.3 An image of the hydrogel.

Figure 5.4 Circuit diagram setup of the hydrogel with mentioned hardware.

Figure 5.5 An example of raw data from the hydrogel sensor.

Chapter 6

Figure 6.1 Schematic representation of various types of colloidal NPs.

Figure 6.2 Schematic representation of applications of colloidal NPs in differ...

Figure 6.3 Schematic representation of various forms of colloidal NP–based bio...

Figure 6.4 Schematic illustration of various NPs in cancer detection and diagn...

Figure 6.5 Schematic illustration of HE4 detection using AuNPs.

Figure 6.6 Schematic representation of (a) coating of an SPR chip with conjuga...

Chapter 7

Figure 7.1 Structure of important anticancer drugs covered under DDSs in the c...

Figure 7.2 General schematic illustration of anticancer drug-loaded polymer (a...

Figure 7.3 Various types of nanocarrier systems used in DDSs. Reprinted with p...

Figure 7.4 The pathway of anticancer drug delivery from DDSs at cancer cell.

Figure 7.5 Schematic representation of the grapefruit EV-DN–based DDS (a) load...

Figure 7.6 Various nanocarriers utilized for curcumin delivery. Reprinted with...

Figure 7.7 Synthesis strategy followed for novel PMMA-AA copolymer for curcumi...

Figure 7.8 A PANI MIPs and CuCo

2

O

4

/NCNT nanocomposite platform used for ratiom...

Figure 7.9 Polyacrylamide/Mn: ZnS QDs/SiO

2

fluorescent MIP platform for the de...

Chapter 8

Figure 8.1 Benefits of soft material–based biosensor.

Chapter 9

Figure 9.1 (a) Exosomes secretion. (b) Exosomes function. (c) Structure of exo...

Figure 9.2 Diagrammatic representation of exosome-based biosensors.

Chapter 10

Figure 10.1 The statistical information indicates the estimated number of (a) ...

Figure 10.2 Different types of cancer biomarkers employed for the detection of...

Figure 10.3 Schematic representation of β-cyclodextrin-based metal-organic fra...

Figure 10.4 Schematic representation of chitosan-based simultaneous electroche...

Figure 10.5 Schematic representation of streptavidin-based electrochemical bio...

Figure 10.6 Schematic representation of cysteamine-based electrochemical biose...

Chapter 11

Figure 11.1 Additive manufacturing versus subtractive manufacturing.

Figure 11.2 Components of a slicing software representing data flow in the 3D ...

Figure 11.3 Schematic overview of the classification of 3D printable biosensor...

Chapter 13

Figure 13.1 (a) Graphical representation of the timeline for the implantable b...

Figure 13.2 Schematic representation of the types of soft materials and their ...

Figure 13.3 SEM images SWCNT/PEDOTs composite for the representation of juncti...

Figure 13.4 The surface morphologies of (a) PEDOT/PDMS, (b) SWNTs/PDMS and (c)...

Figure 13.5 Comparison of the resistance of the SWNTs film (red line), SWNTs@P...

Figure 13.6 Schematic representation of the percolation of AgNWs and the condu...

Figure 13.7 Electrophoretic deposition of PtNPs for enhancement of lowering th...

Figure 13.8 Schematic representation of a polymer supported by AuNWs for press...

Figure 13.9 Schematic representation of the polymer supported by AuNWs for str...

Figure 13.10(a) Schematic representation of the factors influencing the physic...

Figure 13.10(b) Potential windows for Au, Pt, and Carbon electrodes in acidic,...

Figure 13.11 Schematic representation of the cylindrical structure of PEEK/AuN...

Figure 13.12 Schematic of the gross sectional view (left) and real image of th...

Figure 13.13 (a) Schematic images of a self-powered piezoelectric glucose sens...

Figure 13.14 (a) Schematic representation of piezoenzymatic devices for the im...

Figure 13.15 Photograph of the

in vivo

device (a) and MRSw aggregation schemat...

Figure 13.16 Photograph of stress–strain curves for rGO-CNT and rGO paper. The...

Figure 13.17 (a1) Images of wrapped or vest-type SMA-wire-based device. (a2 an...

Figure 13.18 (a) Schematic process of the Spider web E-thread device (containi...

Figure 13.19 (a) Graphic abstract of μIP and CFE probes implanted in brain str...

Figure 13.20 (a) and (c) Optical microscope images of 16-channel MEAs followin...

Figure 13.21 Schematic illustration of bio-selective electrochemical interface...

Figure 13.22 (a) Redox mechanisms for MB to leucomethylene blue and MB to [MBH

Figure 13.23 (a) Graphical representation for comparison of bending stiffness ...

Chapter 14

Figure 14.1 Illustration showing healthy cells, type-1 diabetic cells and type...

Figure 14.2 Diagram representing possible causes of insulin release and inhibi...

Figure 14.3 Reprinted from “Wound healing,” by BioRender.com (2023). Retrieved...

Chapter 15

Figure 15.1 Oral cancer risk factors.

Figure 15.2 Common sites of oral cancer.

Figure 15.3 Component of biosensor.

Figure 15.4 Component of biosensor.

Chapter 16

Figure 16.1 Types of nanomaterial for biosensor.

Figure 16.2 Schematic representation of a biosensor system showing particle in...

Guide

Cover Page

Table of Contents

Series Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Foreword

Preface

Begin Reading

Index

WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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Scrivener Publishing100 Cummings Center, Suite 541JBeverly, MA 01915-6106

Publishers at ScrivenerMartin Scrivener ([email protected])Phillip Carmical ([email protected])

Soft Materials-Based Biosensing Medical Applications

Edited by

Deepak Gupta

Milan Singh

Rishabha Malviya

and

Sonali Sundram

This edition first published 2025 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA© 2025 Scrivener Publishing LLCFor more information about Scrivener publications please visit www.scrivenerpublishing.com.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISBN 978-1-394-22826-3

Front cover images supplied by Adobe Firefly Cover design by Russell Richardson

Foreword

The field of biosensing has seen remarkable advancements in recent years. This book is a timely contribution, offering an in-depth understanding of the latest developments in soft material-based biosensors.

The book is divided into sixteen chapters, each authored by experts in the field, covering topics such as synthesizing soft materials, liquid crystals, ionic hydrogel strain sensors, natural product-based soft materials, nanotechnology-enhanced soft materials, and graphene oxide-based biosensors, among others. Each chapter explores the potential applications of these biosensors across various fields, including biomedicine, environmental monitoring, and drug delivery.

One of the key strengths of this book is its comprehensive coverage of soft material-based biosensors. The authors have done an excellent job of summarizing the current state-of-the-art and offering insights into future research directions and opportunities in the field. It is also an excellent resource for graduate students and researchers new to soft material-based biosensors.

I am confident that this book will be a valuable resource for the scientific community, particularly for those involved in developing biosensors for various applications. I congratulate the editors and authors for their contributions in producing such an important work. I highly recommend this book to anyone interested in the field of soft material-based biosensors.

Dr. Shyamal Kumar Kundu

Professor, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India

Preface

Soft materials have gained significant attention in biosensing due to their unique properties, such as flexibility, biocompatibility, and responsiveness to external stimuli. This book highlights recent advancements in soft material-based biosensors and their applications across various fields, including biomedicine, environmental monitoring, and drug delivery. The book is divided into sixteen chapters, beginning with an introduction to soft materials and their unique properties. The following chapters explore various aspects of soft material-based biosensors, including synthesizing soft materials, the use of liquid crystals as potential biosensors, ionic hydrogel strain sensors, natural product-based soft materials in electrochemical biosensors, nanotechnology-enhanced soft materials, and soft and flexible material-based affinity sensors.

Furthermore, the book delves into specific applications of soft material-based biosensors, such as detecting cancer biomarkers, drug delivery, and the detection and treatment of oral cancer. It also examines the use of functionalized biomaterials in treating diabetic patients and recent advancements in 3D printable biosensors. The final chapter focuses on the environmental implications of soft materials, highlighting their journey from the lab to industry, with a discussion on sustainable and cost-effective biosensors and their potential applications in environmental monitoring.

This book is designed for researchers, scientists, and graduate students interested in soft material-based biosensors and their applications. It offers a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the field and their potential applications, from the lab to industry. We hope this book will inspire further research and development in soft material-based biosensors. We extend our gratitude to everyone who contributed to this important work, and to Martin Scrivener and Scrivener Publishing for making its publication possible.

The EditorsDecember 2024