Space Physics and Aeronomy, Volume 3, Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Lebensstil
• Serie: Geophysical Monograph Series
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 1741

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2021

Beschreibung

A comprehensive review of global ionospheric research from the polar caps to equatorial regions It's more than a century since scientists first identified the ionosphere, the layer of the Earth's upper atmosphere that is ionized by solar and cosmic radiation. Our understanding of this dynamic part of the near-Earth space environment has greatly advanced in recent years thanks to new observational technologies, improved numerical models, and powerful computing capabilities. Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of historic developments, recent advances, and future directions in ionospheric research. Volume highlights include: * Behavior of the ionosphere in different regions from the poles to the equator * Distinct characteristics of the high-, mid-, and low-latitude ionosphere * Observational results from ground- and space-based instruments * Ionospheric impacts on radio signals and satellite operations * How earthquakes and tsunamis on Earth cause disturbances in the ionosphere The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about the Space Physics and Aeronomy collection in this Q&A with the Editors in Chief

Leseprobe

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220 Ionospheric Space Weather: Longitude and HemisphericDependences and Lower Atmosphere Forcing Timothy Fuller‐Rowell,   Endawoke Yizengaw, Patricia H. Doherty, and Sunanda Basu (Eds.)

221 Terrestrial Water Cycle and Climate Change Naturaland Human‐Induced Impacts   Qiuhong Tang and Taikan Oki (Eds.)

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234 Pre‐Earthquake Processes: A Multidisciplinary Approach toEarthquake Prediction Studies   Dimitar Ouzounov, Sergey Pulinets, Katsumi Hattori, and Patrick Taylor (Eds.)

235 Electric Currents in Geospace and Beyond   Andreas Keiling, Octav Marghitu, and Michael Wheatland (Eds.)

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237 Petroleum Engineering   Moshood Sanni (Ed.)

238 Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and CaprockIntegrity   Stephanie Vialle, Jonathan Ajo‐Franklin, and J. William Carey (Eds.)

239 Lithospheric Discontinuities   Huaiyu Yuan and Barbara Romanowicz (Eds.)

240 Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Eras   Alcides N.Sial, Claudio Gaucher, Muthuvairavasamy Ramkumar, and Valderez Pinto Ferreira (Eds.)

241 Mathematical Geoenergy:Discovery, Depletion, and Renewal   Paul Pukite, Dennis Coyne, and Daniel Challou (Eds.)

242 Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation   Sophie Decree and Laurence Robb (Eds.)

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245 Shale: Subsurface Science and Engineering   Thomas Dewers, Jason Heath, and Marcelo Sánchez (Eds.)

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247 Iceland: Tectonics, Volcanics, and Glacial Features   Tamie J. Jovanelly

248 Dayside Magnetosphere Interactions   Qiugang Zong, Philippe Escoubet, David Sibeck, Guan Le, and Hui Zhang (Eds.)

249 Carbon in Earth’s Interior   Craig E. Manning, Jung‐Fu Lin, and Wendy L. Mao (Eds.)

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257 Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation   Allen Hunt, Markus Egli, Boris Faybishenko (Eds.)

258 Solar Physics and Solar Wind   Nour E. Raouafi and Angelos Vourlidas (Eds.)

259 Magnetospheres in the Solar System   Romain Maggiolo, Nicolas André, Hiroshi Hasegawa, and Daniel T. Welling (Eds.)

260 Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications   Chaosong Huang and Gang Lu (Eds.)

Space Physics and Aeronomy Collection Volume 3Geophysical Monograph 260

Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications

Chaosong HuangGang LuEditors

Yongliang ZhangLarry J. PaxtonCollection Editors in Chief

This Work is a co‐publication of the American Geophysical Union and John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

This edition first published 2021© 2021 American Geophysical Union

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The right of Chaosong Huang and Gang Lu to be identified as the editor of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data

Names: Huang, Chaosong, editor.Title: Ionosphere Dynamics and Applications / Chaosong Huang, Gang Lu, editors.Description: Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 2021. | Series: Geophysical monograph series | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2020040698 | ISBN 9781119507550 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119815549 (adobe pdf) | ISBN 981119815532 (epub)Subjects: LCSH: Ionosphere–Research.Classification: LCC QC881.2.I6 A38 2021 | DDC 538/.767–dc23LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020040698

Cover Design: WileyCover Image: © Denis Dymov/Shutterstock

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Patrick AlkenCooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of ColoradoBoulder, Colorado, USA

Eric AltshulerSequoia Research CorporationTorrance, California, USA

Oliver J. BramblesDartmouth College Hanover, New Hampshire, USA

Manuel A. CerveraDefence Science and Technology Group Edinburgh, Australia;andSchool of Physical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaide, Australia

Seebany Datta‐BaruaIllinois Institute of TechnologyChicago, Illinois, USA

Yue DengDepartment of PhysicsThe University of Texas at ArlingtonArlington, Texas, USA

Philip J. EricksonMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyHaystack ObservatoryWestford, Massachusetts, USA

Bela G. FejerCenter for Atmospheric and Space SciencesUtah State UniversityLogan, Utah, USA

John C. FosterMassachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack ObservatoryWestford, Massachusetts, USA

Larisa P. GoncharenkoMassachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack ObservatoryWestford, Massachusetts, USA

Adrian GrocottPhysics DepartmentLancaster UniversityLancaster, UK

Stein HaalandBirkeland Center for Space ScienceUniversity of BergenBergen, Norway

Trevor J. HarrisDefence Science and Technology GroupEdinburgh, Australia;andSchool of Physical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaide, Australia

V. Lynn HarveyLaboratory for Atmospheric and Space PhysicsUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulder, Colorado, USA

Roderick A. HeelisWilliam B. Hanson Center for Space PhysicsThe University of Texas at DallasDallas, Texas, USA

Kosuke HekiDepartment of Earth Planetary SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporo‐City, Japan

Michael P. HickeyDepartment of Physical Sciences and Center for Space and Atmospheric ResearchEmbry‐Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDaytona Beach, Florida, USA

David A. HoldsworthDefence Science and Technology GroupEdinburgh, Australia;andSchool of Physical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaide, Australia

Cheryl HuangAir Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles DirectorateKirtland Air Force BaseAlbuquerque, New Mexico, USA

Joe D. HubaSyntek Technologies, Inc.Fairfax, Virginia, USA

Takashi KikuchiInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental ResearchNagoya UniversityNagoya, Aichi, Japan

Karl Magnus LaundalBirkeland Center for Space Science University of Bergen Bergen, Norway

Huixin LiuDepartment of Earth and Planetary ScienceKyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan

Xiaoli LuanSchool of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei, China;andCAS Center for Excellence in Comparative PlanetologyHefei, China

Hermann LührGFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdam, Germany

Bjørn LybekkDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of OsloOslo, Norway

Larry R. LyonsDepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos Angeles, California, USA

Lukas MaesMax‐Planck Institute for Solar Systems ResearchGottingen, Germany

Astrid MauteHigh Altitude ObservatoryNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulder, Colorado, USA

Ryan M. McGranaghanScience DivisionAtmosphere and Space Technology Research AssociatesLouisville, Colorado, USAandNASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California, USA

Stephen E. MilanDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLeicester, UK;andBirkeland Centre for Space ScienceUniversity of BergenBergen, Norway

Evgeny MishinAir Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles DirectorateKirtland Air Force BaseAlbuquerque, New Mexico, USA

David J. NetherwayDefence Science and Technology GroupEdinburgh, Australia

Yukitoshi NishimuraDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Center for Space PhysicsBoston UniversityBoston, Massachusetts, USA

Anders OhmaBirkeland Center for Space ScienceUniversity of BergenBergen, Norway

Nikolai ØstgaardBirkeland Center for Space ScienceUniversity of BergenBergen, Norway

Yuichi OtsukaInstitute for Space-Earth Environmental ResearchNagoya UniversityNagoya, Japan

Nicholas M. PedatellaHigh Altitude ObservatoryNational Center for Atmospheric ResearchBoulder, Colorado, USA

Arne PedersenDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of OsloOslo, Norway

Gareth W. PerryDepartment of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of CalgaryCalgary, Canada;andCenter for Solar‐Terrestrial ResearchNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewark, New Jersey, USA

Sam PullenAeronautics and Astronautics DepartmentStanford UniversityStanford, California, USA

Jone ReistadBirkeland Center for Space ScienceUniversity of BergenBergen, Norway

Kristian SnekvikBirkeland Center for Space ScienceUniversity of BergenBergen, Norway

Anatoly StreltsovDepartment of Physical SciencesEmbry‐Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDaytona Beach, Florida USA

Paul TenfjordBirkeland Center for Space ScienceUniversity of BergenBergen, Norway

Roland T. TsunodaCenter for Geospace StudiesSRI InternationalMenlo Park, California, USA

Todd WalterAeronautics and Astronautics DepartmentStanford UniversityStanford, California, USA

Endawoke YizengawSpace Science Application LaboratoryThe Aerospace CorporationEl Segundo, California, USA

Matthew D. ZettergrenDepartment of Physical Sciences and Center for Space and Atmospheric ResearchEmbry‐Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDaytona Beach, Florida, USA

Binzheng ZhangDepartment of Earth SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR, China

Shun‐Rong ZhangMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyHaystack ObservatoryWestford, Massachusetts, USA

Yun‐Liang ZhouDepartment of Space PhysicsSchool of Electronic InformationWuhan UniversityWuhan, China

Shasha ZouDepartment of Climate and Space Sciences and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan, USA

PREFACE

The ionosphere is a layer within the atmosphere that extends from about 60 kilometers above the Earth’s surface to about 1,000 kilometers in altitude. It consists of charged particles (i.e., electrons and ions) due to ionization of neutrals by solar radiation and energetic particle precipitation from the magnetosphere.

Since its discovery more than 100 years ago, the ionosphere has become an active research area and our understanding of ionospheric dynamics continues to evolve due to advances in observational technologies and new capabilities in theory and numerical modeling.

Ionospheric dynamics are affected by many different forcings, including solar flares, geomagnetic storms, tides and waves from the lower atmosphere, as well as disturbances triggered by earthquakes and tsunamis. The ionosphere behaves very differently under different solar and geomagnetic conditions, and its variability has direct impacts on radio communication and satellite navigation system.

Although our knowledge of the ionosphere has greatly advanced in recent decades, many important aspects of ionospheric dynamics are still not well understood, especially during geomagnetic storms, because of the complexity of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere system.

This book, divided into five parts, provides a comprehensive overview of global ionospheric research ranging from the polar cap to the equatorial region. Part 1 addresses magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling in the high-latitude ionosphere, ion outflow, and ionospheric convection in the polar cap and auroral zone. Part 2 concerns interhemispheric asymmetries, ionospheric structures such as large-scale storm enhanced density plumes, and meso- and small-scale structures in the subauroral and mid-latitude ionosphere. Part 3 focuses on the low-latitude ionosphere, including equatorial ionospheric electrodynamics, equatorial spread F, equatorial electrojet, and equatorial ionization anomaly. Part 4 covers global ionospheric processes such as penetration electric fields, magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling at middle and subauroral latitudes, sudden stratospheric warming impacts on the ionosphere, longitudinal dependence of ionospheric dynamics, and travelling ionospheric disturbances. Part 5 discusses ionospheric effects on HF wave propagation and satellite navigation, as well as ionospheric disturbances caused by earthquakes and tsunamis.

The chapters are written in the form of review articles, providing a coherent description of each topical area. Each chapter includes historical evolution, recent progress, latest results, current understanding, and future challenges of the specific topics. Theoretical analyses, numerical modelings, and observational results from ionospheric radars, satellites, and other space-borne and ground-based instruments are presented.

The book will serve as a useful reference for active researchers and scientists in the space science community, as well as for graduates and upper-level undergraduate students at universities, and engineers and environment officers/operators in government agencies who are interested in space weather applications.

Chaosong HuangAir Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico, USA

Gang LuNational Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Part IThe Polar Cap and Auroral Ionosphere