Table of Contents
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PREFACE
List of Contributors
A New Philosophy of Production
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
CIRCULAR ECONOMY
Industrial Ecology
Application of Industrial Ecology
Analysis of Material Flows
Life Cycle Assessment
Design for Environment
Ecological Economics
Blue Economy
Application of the Blue Economy
Biomimicry
Application of Biomimicry in Practice
Cradle to Cradle Design
Application of C2C
Cleaner Production
Application of Cleaner Production
Regenerative Design
An Example of Regenerative Design
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Alternative Building Materials – Road to Sustainability
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS
Need For Alternative Building Materials
Alternative Building Materials
Concept of Sustainability in Building Materials
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Smart Waste Management to Enrich Cleanliness and Reduce Pollution in the Environment
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
CURRENT STATUS OF THE GARBAGE COLLECTION
Solid Waste Management in Italy
Solid Waste Management in Switzerland
Indian Scenario and Technological Gap
Technological Gap - Operational/Service Level
Capacity and Capability Issues - Technological Gap
THE CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF THE PROPOSED SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
THE PROPOSED MODEL'S TECHNOLOGIES
PROPOSED MODEL
Particular Goals
METHODOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATION
Collection of Daily Waste
Constrain-Based Collection
Smart Bin Design
Compaction
Telecommunication
ADVERTISEMENTS & CUSTOMIZABLE DESIGN
LOCKING MECHANISM
SOLAR COMPACTOR BENEFITS
DETECTION OF HAND AND FIRE
SMART BIN PROCESS AND MONITORING
DETAILS OF THE SMART SENSOR
Ardunio Uno Board
GSM Module SIM 800
SMART BIN WORKING PRINCIPLES (SSWM)
Smart Trash Bin Monitoring and Real-Time Analysis Service
AUTOMATIC VEHICLE ROUTE SCHEDULING AND MONITORING
WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT WITH WORK SCHEDULES
Online Work Allocation to the Staff
Amount of Work Done by the Staff/Work Load Calculation
SSWM COMMAND CONTROL CENTER WITH GRIEVANCE MANAGEMENT FOR PUBLIC ENQUIRY
RESULTS AND OUTCOMES
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Remediation Approaches for the Degradation of Textile Dye Effluents as Sustaining Environment
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Derivation of Synthetic Dye
Classification of Dyes
Significance of Effluent Treatment in Textile Dye Industry
Impacts on Public Health
Dye Removal Techniques From Effluent
Physical-Chemical Effluent Treatment Techniques
Filtration (Membrane Separation)
Type of Membranes
Coagulation/Flocculation
Ion Exchange
Advanced Oxidation Process
Adsorption by Activated Carbon
Ozonation
Irradiation
Electrochemical Methods
Electrochemical Oxidation
Electrocoagulation
Electro Flotation
Biological Methods
Phytoremediation
Classification of Phytoremediation
Phytodegradation
Phytoextraction
Phytostimulation
Phytovolatilization
Phytofiltration
Phytostabilization
Green Nanotechnology
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
References
Composting of Fruit Wastes - An Efficient and Alternative Option for Solid Waste Management
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Composting Methods
Influence of Process Parameters in the Composting Process
Conclusion
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
References
An Application of EJSCREEN for the Examination of Environmental Justice in Metropolitan Areas of Ohio, USA
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE REVIEW
Environmental Justice in Metropolitan Areas
Ejscreen and Environmental Indicators
Statistical Analysis of Ej in Ohio Metropolitan Areas
The Two-Sample T-test
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
SUMMARY
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Comparative Adsorption Study of Acid Violet 7 and Brilliant Green Dyes in Aqueous Media using Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Coal Fly Ash (CFA) Mixture
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials
Synthesis of RHA–CFA Adsorbents
Batch Adsorption Studies
Characterization of Adsorbent
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Effect of Dosage
Effect of Initial Concentration and Contact Time
Effect of pH
Effect of Shaking Speed
Effect of Temperature
Characterization of the RHA–CFA Adsorbent
X-Ray Fluorescent (XRF)
Surface Morphology
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
CONCLUDING REMARKS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Pollution Prevention Assessments: Approaches and Case Histories
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
POLLUTION PREVENTION
What is P2?
What is not P2?
P2. Practice Examples
Pollution Prevention Approaches
Case History of Assessments
Energy and Cost Savings at a Manufacturing Facility
Water savings at a University
Other Environmental Benefits of the Proposed Model
Waste and GHG Emission Reduction at a Hospital
EIO-Life Cycle Analysis for a Correction Institute
Cost Savings
SUMMARY
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Industrial Biofilter Design for Removal of Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) from Wastewater Treatment Plants
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Industrial Biofilter Design
Biofilter Configurations
Airstream Characterizations
Humidification of Inlet Air
Modulating Flow Rates
Series-Parallel and Modular Biofilter Units
Treating H2S when Mixed with other Pollutants
Biofilter Evaluation Parameters
Biofilter Media Selection
BIOFILTER MONITORING
Heat Integration During Winter Operation
Pressure Drop and Operational Cost
BIOFILTER MODELS AND PERFORMANCE
Effect of Other Reduced Sulphur Compounds
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Assessment of Ground Water Quality Using GIS Techniques
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND STUDY AREA
SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
REFERENCES
Threats to Sustainability of Land Resources Due to Aridity and Climate Change in the North East Agro Climatic Zone of Tamil Nadu, South India
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study Area
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Climatic Datasets
Aridity and Moisture Index Calculations
Extremity Analysis
Trend Analysis
Future Projected Potential Evaporation for the Period 2070-2100
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The Trend Analysis of Observed Aridity
Trend Analysis of Observed Moisture Status
Extremities
Observed Trends in Potential Evapotranspiration
Spatial Distribution of Future Likely Potential Evaporation for the Period 2070-2100
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
References
Sustainability Studies: Environmental and Energy Management
Edited by
G. Venkatesan
Department of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, India
S. Lakshmana Prabu
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, India
&
M. Rengasamy
Department of Petrochemical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, India
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PREFACE
The purpose of this book, “Sustainability Studies: Environmental and Energy Management” is to provide a continuous state-of-the-art critical view of the current knowledge of the environment and energy management. Recent Global warming, heat around the earth, pollution, unpredicted atmosphere changes, and contaminants such as physical and biological components severely affect the normal environment. There are no boundaries observed for these environmental stressors and pollution. Recently these two factors have been considered to have a significant role environmental as well as energy management.
This book covered various topics related to the fundamental nature of contaminants, their measurements, characterization and different techniques for their removal.
With this idea, we have chosen authors from different countries with varied backgrounds who could add the issues and solutions which provide the readers an understanding of global issues in a comprehensive better manner. In the beginning, a country or a person who has an interest in environmental and energy management can build a platform. It is imperative that we can build a strong management system globally.
The diversity of authors helps us disclose the advances in environmental and energy management worldwide. Their inputs will let the readers know about the problems and issues faced by academic individuals, industries, and research institutions and the directions for future prospects.
This book presents a complete lookout to provide a source of information on all facets of environmental and energy management for undergraduate and post-graduate students, researchers both industrial and academicians in the field of environmental and energy management.
As the editors of this book, we are sure that the book chapters surely guide the students and researchers with unexplored avenues and future perspectives in environmental and energy management to identify promising solutions that might represent future solutions in these critical areas.
Jeeva Chithambaram authored a chapter titled “Alternative building materials-Road to Sustainability” where they discussed the building materials which are made from industrial waste as conventional building materials for sustaining the environment from degradation.
The chapter titled “preparation of environmental friendly thin films using SILAR method” by mani describes how thin films are prepared by the SILAR method, adopting some simple adsorption and reaction of the ions from the solution as a chemical method.
Shenbagavadivu has written a chapter on “Smart waste management to enrich cleanliness and reduce pollution in environment”. They conversed about the importance of solid waste management to safeguard public health by adopting a smart solid waste management system for garbage collection to enhance environmental sustainability which can render support to the economic growth of the Nation.
The chapter titled “A new philosophy of production” is written by Markic. It discusses the growth and development of society on our planet by the consumption of natural resources which lead to increase the production of waste and other substances which are harmful for both human beings as well as the ecosystem. Considering the several factors such as circular economy, industrial ecology, ecological economy, blue economy, biomimicry, cradle to cradle, cleaner production and regenerative design, they discussed the approach to production to ensure that man functions in accordance with natural laws, and that we need to leave nature and the environment in a much better condition than we inherited.
Lakshmana Prabu and Thirumurugan authored a chapter titled “Remediation approaches for the degradation of textile dye effluents as sustaining environment”. They have deliberated on the impact of textile dye effluents and different remediation approaches in order to maintain the sustainability of this environment in near future.
The chapter titled “A comparative adsorption study of acid violet 7 and brilliant green dyes in aqueous media using rice husk ash (RHA) and coal fly ash (CFA) mixture” is written by Irvan. They demonstrated the adsorption of dyes such as acid violet 7 (AV7) and brilliant green (BG) in the mixture of rice husk ash (RHA) and coal fly ash (CFA) as adsorbents and highlighted that RHA-CFA can act as a very good adsorbent to remove AV7 and BG from aqueous medium.
Ashok Kumar discusses the “Pollution Prevention Assessments: Approaches and Case Histories” in Ohio, USA. This chapter focuses on pollution prevention by applying the concept of energy efficiency, energy savings, greenhouse gas emission (GHG) reductions, waste reduction, and stormwater management.
The chapter “Threats to sustainability of land resources due to aridity and climate change in the northeast agro-climatic zone of Tamil Nadu, South India” by Dhanya is based on the Aridity Index.
It was a great experience to write and edit this book. We acknowledge the full support of all the authors and specially thank particularly the support extended by Bentham Science and their team had been extremely supportive in the completion of this book.
Dr. G. Venkatesan
Department of Civil Engineering
University College of Engineering (BIT Campus)
Anna University
IndiaDr. S. Lakshmana Prabu
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology
University College of Engineering (BIT Campus)
Anna University
India
&Dr. M. Rengasamy
Department of Petrochemical Technology
University College of Engineering (BIT Campus)
Anna University
India
List of Contributors
A. RamachandranCentre for Climate Change and Adaptation Research, Anna University, Chennai, lndiaAbhijeet SinghDepartment of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, IndiaAnbarasi KarunanithiUniversity College of Engineering, BIT Campus, Anna University, Trichy - 620 024, IndiaAndi MulkanMechanical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, University of Iskandar Muda, Jalan Kampus Unida - Surien, Banda Aceh 23234, IndonesiaAshok KumarCollege of Engineeringf, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA 43606B.P. NaveenDepartment of Civil Engineering, Amity University Haryana, IndiaC. RavichandranDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, IndiaDhanaraja DhanapalPaavai Engineering College, Pachal, Namakkal - 637018, IndiaDragana Nešković MarkićPan-European University “Apeiron”, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and HerzegovinaG. JenilasreeReaserach Scholar, University College of Engineering, BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, IndiaG. VenkatesanDepartment of Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, IndiaG.S. RampradheepDepartment of Civil Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamilnadu, IndiaHaider M. ZwainCollege of Water Resources Engineering, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim Province, Babylon, IraqIrvan DahlanSchool of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaK. PalaniveluCentre for Climate Change and Adaptation Research, Anna University, Chennai, lndiaK.S. DivyaVTU Extension Center, Karnataka State Remote Sensing Applications Centre, Bangalore, IndiaLakshika Nishadhi KuruppuarachchiCollege of Engineeringf, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA 43606Ljiljana Stojanović BjelićPan-European University “Apeiron”, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and HerzegovinaM. BhuvaneswariDepartment of ECE, University College of Engineering, BIT Campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, IndiaM. RengasamyDepartment of Petrochemical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, IndiaN. ShenbagavadivuDepartment of Computer Applications University College of Engineering, BIT Campus, AnnaUniversity, Tiruchirappalli, IndiaP. DhanyaCentre for Climate Change and Adaptation Research, Anna University, Chennai, lndiaPardeep BishnoiAssociate IP, Clarivate Analytics, Noida, IndiaPredrag IlićInstitute for Protection and Ecology of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and HerzegovinaR. ThirumuruganCollege of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USAS. Jeeva ChithambaramDepartment of Civil Engineering, Sarala Birla University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, IndiaS. Lakshmana PrabuDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, IndiaSaisantosh Vamshi Harsha MadirajuCollege of Engineeringf, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA 43606Sariyah MahdzirSchool of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, MalaysiaZarook ShareefdeenDepartment of Chemical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE
A New Philosophy of Production
Dragana Nešković Markić1,*,Predrag Ilić2,Ljiljana Stojanović Bjelić1
1Pan-European University “Apeiron”, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2Institute for Protection and Ecology of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Abstract
The growth and development of society on our planet has caused a great consumption of natural resources and, on the other hand, the production of waste and other substances harmful both to human health and to the ecosystem itself. With this way of life, man has moved away from nature. Consequently, a system that functions contrary to natural laws has been established. With the new way of production, it is necessary to return to natural processes and sustainable technologies, clean technologies, and the use of renewable energy sources. The projection of sustainability in the future must be based on resource use restriction, material reuse and other principles of economic and environmental sustainability. This chapter will discuss the new approach to production and the product itself through the consideration of several different possibilities such as circular economy, industrial ecology, ecological economy, blue economy, biomimicry, cradle to cradle, cleaner production and regenerative design. The above-mentioned possibilities in production, design and the product itself aim to ensure that man functions in accordance with natural laws, and that we need to leave nature and the environment in a much better condition than we inherited.
Keywords: Biomimicry, Blue Economy, Circular Economy, Cleaner Production, Cradle to Cradle, Industrial Ecology, Regenerative Design.
*Corresponding author Dragana Nešković Markić: Pan-European University “Apeiron”, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Tel: +38751247923; E-mail:
[email protected]