Textbook of Organ Transplantation Set E-Book

• Herausgeber: John Wiley & Sons
• Kategorie: Fachliteratur
• Sprache: Englisch

Seitenzahl: 8112

Veröffentlichungsjahr: 2014

Beschreibung

Brought to you by the world's leading transplant clinicians, Textbook of Organ Transplantation provides a complete and comprehensive overview of modern transplantation in all its complexity, from basic science to gold-standard surgical techniques to post-operative care, and from likely outcomes to considerations for transplant program administration, bioethics and health policy. Beautifully produced in full color throughout, and with over 600 high-quality illustrations, it successfully: * Provides a solid overview of what transplant clinicians/surgeons do, and with topics presented in an order that a clinician will encounter them. * Presents a holistic look at transplantation, foregrounding the interrelationships between transplant team members and non-surgical clinicians in the subspecialties relevant to pre- and post-operative patient care, such as gastroenterology, nephrology, and cardiology. * Offers a focused look at pediatric transplantation, and identifies the ways in which it significantly differs from transplantation in adults. * Includes coverage of essential non-clinical topics such as transplant program management and administration; research design and data collection; transplant policy and bioethical issues. Textbook of Organ Transplantation is the market-leading and definitive transplantation reference work, and essential reading for all transplant surgeons, transplant clinicians, program administrators, basic and clinical investigators and any other members of the transplantation team responsible for the clinical management or scientific study of transplant patients.

Leseprobe

Table of Contents

Title page

Copyright page

List of Contributors

Volume 1

SECTION 1: History/Introduction

Introduction

CHAPTER 1: A Brief History of Clinical Organ Transplantation

Introduction

The Concept of Transplant Surgery

Transplant Biology

Early Clinical Implementation

The modern Era of Immune Management

Ethical Challenges

Summary

References

SECTION 2: Transplantation Biology

Immunology

CHAPTER 2: An Overview of Physiologic Immunity

Introduction

Generalized Protective Barriers and Defense Factors

Tissues and Organs of the Immune System

Cells of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System

Innate Immune Cells

Adaptive Immune Cells

The Complement System

Cytokines

Immunological Tolerance

Immunological Memory

Summary

Acknowledgments

References

CHAPTER 3: Transplant Antigens: A Brief History of HLA

Introduction

Early Investigations

HLA and Disease

HLA and Transplantation

HLA Antibodies

Summary

References

CHAPTER 4: Transplant Antigen Biology

Introduction

Genetics of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

Nature of HLA Polymorphism

Human Diversity in HLA Repertoire

HLA Nomenclature

HLA Epitopes and the Structural Basis of Cross-Reactivity

Structure and Function of HLA Molecules

Non-HLA Transplant Antigens

Anti-MICA Antibodies

Summary

Acknowledgments

References

CHAPTER 5: Cellular Mechanisms of Adaptive Immunity

Introduction

T-Cell Recognition of Alloantigens: Direct, Semidirect, and Indirect Presentation

Structural Recognition of Alloantigens by the TCR

T-Cell Costimulation and Differentiation

Innate Immune Signals that Influence T-Cell Responses

Where Are T Cells Primed after Transplantation?

Effector Phase of the Alloimmune Response: T Cells Go to the Graft

Effector T Cells: Th1, Th2, Th17, and Cytotoxic T Cells

Therapeutic Implications

Summary

Acknowledgments

References

CHAPTER 6: Humoral Mechanisms of Adaptive Immunity

Introduction

Antibodies

Antigens

Complement

Complement Regulation

Cells

Types of Humoral Rejection

Accommodation and Tolerance

Summary

References

CHAPTER 7: Innate Immunity

Introduction

The Innate Immune System

Innate Responses to Transplants

Summary

Acknowledgments

References

CHAPTER 8: Mechanisms of Immune Regulation

Introduction

Cell Death

Anergy

Immunoregulation

Ignorance

Summary

Acknowledgments

References

CHAPTER 9: The Spectrum of Alloimmunity, Heterologous Immunity, and Relevant Autoimmunity

Introduction

The Spectrum of Alloreactivity

Heterologous Immunity: Interactions of Pathogen Exposure and Alloreactivity

Aging and Alloreactive Immune Competence

Impact of Pre-Existing Autoimmunity on Alloreactivity

Summary

References

CHAPTER 10: Fundamental Concepts Regarding Graft Injury and Regeneration: Tissue Injury, Tissue Quality, and Recipient Factors

Introduction and Definitions

Population Lessons—Causes and Consequences of Delayed Graft Function

Molecular Changes Associated with AKI in Human Kidney Transplants

Some Key Issues in AKI

Aging and Somatic Cell Senescence in Relation to Organ Injury

Clinical Treatment of AKI

Summary

References

CHAPTER 11: Mechanisms of Allograft Tolerance

Introduction

Conceptual Considerations

Chimerism

Depletion

Costimulation Blockade

Regulation

B Cells

Summary

References

CHAPTER 12: Xenoimmunity

Introduction

Rejection of Porcine Vascularized Xenografts

Rejection of Porcine Islet Xenografts

Rejection of Other Types of Porcine Xenograft

Reducing the Immunosuppressive Burden

Limitations of the Pig-to-NHP Model

Summary

References

Experimental Transplantation

CHAPTER 13: In Vitro Models of Alloreactivity

Introduction

Stimulation of Alloreactive T-cell Proliferation

Presentation of Alloantigens to T cells

Analysis of Alloreactive Precursor Frequencies

Naïve versus Memory T-cell Proliferation to Alloantigens

Skewed Functional Development of Alloreactive T cells in Vitro

Summary

References

CHAPTER 14: Small Animal Models of Transplantation

Introduction

Evolution of Solid Organ Transplant Models in Rodent Models

Models of Alloimmune Injury: Acute Injury

Models of Alloimmune Injury: “Chronic” Injury

The Toxicity of Immunosuppressive Agents

Small Animal Models of Transplantation Tolerance

Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury

Xenotransplantation

Summary

References

CHAPTER 15: Large Animal Models of Transplantation

Introduction

Why Use Large Animals?

Common Large Animal Models

Canine Models in Transplantation

Porcine Models in Transplantation

NHP Models in Transplantation

Xenotransplant Models

Perioperative Care of Non-human Primates

Small Molecule-based Immunosuppression

Costimulation

Adhesion Molecule Blockade

Depletional Strategies

Chimerism

Summary

References

CHAPTER 16: Advancing Transplantation In Silico: Studying Global Gene Expression Using Functional Genomics for Transplantation Research

Introduction

Functional Genomics in Practice

Next-generation qPCR—Digital and Single-cell qPCR

Summary

References

Mechanisms of Immune Modulation

CHAPTER 17: Current Pathways for Immune Manipulation

Introduction

Steroids

Calcineurin Inhibitors

mTOR Inhibitors

Purine Analogues

Monoclonal Biologics

Belatacept

Antithymocyte Globulins

Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)

Summary

References

CHAPTER 18: Future Pathways for Immune Manipulation

Introduction

Costimulatory Pathways in Transplantation

Future Therapeutic Targets of B Cell and Antibody-mediated Injury

IL-6

Small Molecules

Summary

References

SECTION 3: Organ Procurement

Organ Procurement and Allocation

CHAPTER 19: Administration of Organ Procurement and Allocation

Introduction

What Is an Organ Procurement Organization?

State Law Framework

Federal Law Framework

How Does the System Work?: Step-by-Step from Recovery Through Allocation

International Organ Donation Models

Summary

References

CHAPTER 20: Deceased Donor Management

Introduction

Diagnosis of Brain Death

Physiology of Brain Death

Management for Organ Donation

Assessment of Donor Quality

Summary

References

Techniques for Organ Procurement

CHAPTER 21: Techniques for Organ Procurement after Brain Death

Introduction

Profound Effect of Brain Death on the Cardiovascular System

Endocrine Changes as a Consequence of Brain Death

Morphological Changes in Donor Organs after Brain Death

Technical Considerations of Organ Procurement in Heart Beating Donors

Organ Packing

Care of the Donor after Procurement

Summary

References

CHAPTER 22: Techniques for Organ Procurement after Circulatory Death

Introduction

Definitions

Outcomes

Preoperative Phase

Surgical Technique

Summary

Acknowledgments

References

CHAPTER 23: Techniques for Living Donor Kidney Procurement

Introduction

History and Current Status of Living Kidney Donation

Evaluation, Selection, and Post-Donation Follow-Up of Living Kidney Donors

Operative Technique

Donor Outcomes Following Living Kidney Donation

Summary

References

CHAPTER 24: Techniques for Living Donor Liver Procurement

Introduction

Donor Evaluation

Graft Selection

Anatomical Variants

Surgical Techniques: Conventional Open Procedures

Laparoscopic Donor Hepatectomy

Perioperative Donor Management

Donor Complications

Summary

References

Organ Preservation and Resuscitation

CHAPTER 25: Abdominal Organ Preservation and Resuscitation

Introduction

Factors Shaping the Development of Modern Organ Preservation

Principles of Cold Preservation

Hypothermic Storage

Composition of Clinically Used Cold Storage Solutions

Clinical Use of Hypothermic Preservation

Resuscitation Protocols

Summary

Acknowledgments

References

CHAPTER 26: Thoracic Organ Preservation and Resuscitation

Introduction

Lung Preservation

Normothermic Lung Preservation

Ex-Vivo Lung Evaluation

Heart Preservation Solutions

Normothermic Heart Perfusion

Summary

References

CHAPTER 27: Kidney Paired Donation Networks

Introduction

Which Recipients Are Most Likely to Benefit From Kidney Paired Donation?

Kidney Paired Donation Matching Algorithms

The Kidney Paired Donation Database, Software Matching Program, and Use of Solid Phase Antibody Testing

Global Kidney Paired Donation Experience

Future Expansion

Summary

References

SECTION 4: Pre-operative Management of Transplant Patients

Patient Selection and Indications for Organ Transplantation

CHAPTER 28: Patient Selection and Indications for Kidney Transplantation

Introduction

Kidney Transplantation as Renal Replacement Therapy

Selecting a Donor

Optimal Timing of Kidney Transplantation

The Transplant Evaluation

Contraindications to Kidney Transplantation

Additional Issues in Patient Selection

Special Considerations

Summary

References

CHAPTER 29: Patient Selection and Indications for Liver Transplantation